TWI327423B - Precoding and sdma support - Google Patents

Precoding and sdma support Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI327423B
TWI327423B TW095131897A TW95131897A TWI327423B TW I327423 B TWI327423 B TW I327423B TW 095131897 A TW095131897 A TW 095131897A TW 95131897 A TW95131897 A TW 95131897A TW I327423 B TWI327423 B TW I327423B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
precoding
sdma
user
transmission
wireless communication
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TW095131897A
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English (en)
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TW200718073A (en
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Alexei Gorokhov
Dhananjay Ashok Gore
Gwendolyn D Barriac
Jibing Wang
Tamer Kadous
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Qualcomm Inc
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Publication of TWI327423B publication Critical patent/TWI327423B/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0417Feedback systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/063Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/0634Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0658Feedback reduction
    • H04B7/0663Feedback reduction using vector or matrix manipulations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0689Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using different transmission schemes, at least one of them being a diversity transmission scheme
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/04Wireless resource allocation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Description

1327423 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 以下描述一般而言係關於無線通信,且係關於用於無線 通信系統之預編瑪及分空間多重近接(SDMA)支持。 【先前技術】 無線網路連接系統已變成許多人進行全球通信的普遍方 法。無線通信裝置已變得愈來愈小且愈來愈功能強大以滿 足消費者的需要,其包括改良之可攜性及便利性。使用者 已發現無線通信裝置(諸如蜂巢式電話、個人數位助理 (PDA)及其類似)之許多用途’且要求可靠之服務及擴展之 覆蓋面積。 可藉由在一區内使用波束成形傳輸以自一基地台或進接 點通信至(多個)行動裝置來增強無線通信系統之效能。此 區可為一服務區域且可包括子區或扇區。位於基地台之多 個傳輸天線可用於形成波束成形傳輸,其利用通常覆蓋較 窄於使用單個傳輸天線之傳輸之面積的"波束"。波束所覆 蓋之區域或扇區内的信號對干擾及雜訊比(SINR)增強了。 並未由波束覆蓋之扇區的部分被稱為零值區。在此零值區 内之行動裝置通常具有一極低之SINR,從而導致降低之效 倉b及可此之資料損失。通信系統可使用在特定使用者裝置 處動態地引導波束的波束操控。在波束操控期間,使用者 裝置改變位置時重定向波束。 通信系統中之—挑戰在於將行動裝置或接收器定位於由 進接點或傳輸器所伺服之區域的一特殊部分中。在一傳輸 114281.doc 1327423 器具有多個傳輸天線之此等情況下,並不需要將每一天線 所提供之信號相組合以在接收器處提供最大功率。在此等 情況下,在接收器處解碼所接收之信號可能存在問題。 為了克服前述問題’需要改良具有多個天線之無線鍵路 之訊雜比(SNR)的技術。改良之SNR亦可改良接收器對传 號之解碼。 【發明内容】 下文呈現一或多個實施例之一簡化概述以便提供此等實 施例之一些態樣的基本理解。此概述並非為該或該等實施 例之廣泛綜述,且並非意欲指定實施例之主要或關鍵元件 抑或描繪此等實施例之範疇。此概述之唯一目的是以簡化 形式呈現所述實施例的一些概念以作為後面所要呈現之更 詳細描述的前奏。 , 根據一或多個實施例及其對應之揭示内容,結合無線通 信及增強此等通信之效能來描述多個態樣^ 一實施例為一 種用於增強無線通信環境中之效能的方法。該方法包括接 收一用於一傳輸模式之使用者偏好。該方法進一步包括將 使用者偏好與碼薄中之一或多項相關聯且將使用者指派至 一對應於該或該等項之傳輸模式。該傳輸模式為以下各者 中之一者:預編碼、分空間多重進接(SDMA)、SDMA預編 碼、多輸入多輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼、MIMO-SDMA 及分集。每一項可對應於—傳輸模式β 一些實施例為一種用於確定一傳輸模式之一使用者之偏 好的方法。該方法包括:確定一使用者之通道特徵;自碼 114281.doc 1327423 薄選擇-或多個傳輸模式來應用;及傳輸選定之該模式或 該等模式之一識別符。確定_使用者之通道特徵可包括藉 由利用一CQ!、功率偏移、信號強度及其他扇區干擾資訊 來確定。模式為以下各者中之一者:預編碼、分空間多重 進接(SDMA)、SDMA預編碼、多輸入多輸出(Μ· SDMA)、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼及分集。 -些實施例為-種無線通信裝置,其包括一處理器及一 φ 肖該處理器輕接之記憶體。該處理器可經組態以自-碼薄 選擇複數個傳輸模式中之一傳輸模式。傳輸模式可為以下 各者中之-者:預編碼、分空間多重進接(SDMA)、sdma .預編碼、多輪入多輸出(MlM〇)、MIM〇預編碼、mim〇_ , SDMA及分集。該瑪.薄中之每―項可對應於—傳輸模式。 在一些實施例中,處理器在裝置於不同基地台間移動時自 動地進接-不同碼薄,或處理器在裝置於不同基地台間移 動時接收一自其選擇一傳輸模式的不同碼簿。 • 、一些實施例為-種無線通信裝置,其包括-用於接收用 於-傳輸模式之一使用者偏好的構件。該裝置中亦包括— 用於將偏好與一碼薄中之一或多項相關聯的構件及用於將 使用者指派至一對應於該項或該等項之傳輸模<的構件。 每一項可對應於一傳輸模式。傳輸模式可為以下各者中之 一者:預編碼、分空間多重進接(SDMA)、SDMA預編碼、 多輸入多輸出(MIM0)、MIM〇預編碼、mim〇 sdma及分 集。 刀 一些實施例為一種無線通信裝置,其包括一用於確定一 114281.doc 1327423 使用者之通道特徵的構件、一用於自一碼簿選擇一傳輸模 式來應用的構件,及一用於傳輸選定之該模式或該等模式 之一識別符的構件。該用於確定—使用者之通道特徵的構 件包含藉由利用一CQI、功率偏移、信號強度及其他扇區 干擾資訊來確定。模式可為以下各者中之—者:預編碼、 分空間多重進接(SDMA)、SDMA預編碼、多輸入多輸出 (ΜΙΜΟ)、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼、MIM〇_SDMA及分集。
為了完成前述及相關目標,一或多個實施例包含下文充 分描述及申請專利範圍中特定指出的特徵。以下描述及附 加圖式詳細陳述某些說明性態樣且指示可採用實施例之原 理之多種方法中的少數。當結合圖式考慮時,其他優勢及 新穎特徵將自以下實施方式變得顯而易見,且所揭示之實 施例意欲包括所有此等態樣及其均等物。 【實施方式】 現參看圖式來描述多個實施例。在以下描述中,出於解 釋之目的’陳述許多特殊細節以便提供對—或多個實施例 之徹底理解。然而,顯㈣在並無此等特殊細節的情況下 實踐此(等)實施例。在其他情況下’以方塊圖形式展示熟 知結構及技術以便有助於描述此等實施例。 如本申請案中所使用,術語"組件"、"备 乐統及其類似意 欲表示一與電腦相關的實體,其可 、 腹韌體、硬體盥 軟體之一組合、軟體或執行中的軟體。 … 平例而言,一组件 可為(但不限於)一在一處理器上運作 . 〜枝·程序、一虑 器、一物件、一可執行物、一執行進 程式及/或一 114281.doc 1327423 電腦。為了說明’-計算裝置上運作的應用程式與該計算 裝置均可為一組件。一或多個組件可常駐於一處理程序及/ 或執行進程令,且一組件可位於一電腦上及/或分佈於兩 個或兩個以上電腦之間。此外,此等組件可由其上儲存有 多種資料結構的多種電腦可讀取媒體執行。該等組件可諸 如根據具有一或多個資料封包的信號(例如,來自一組件 之以信號形式的資料,該組件與一區域系統、分佈式系統 中的另一組件相互作用及/或經由一網路(諸如網際網路)與 其他系統相互作用)經由區域及/或遠端處理程序進行通 信。 此外’本文結合一使用者裝置描述多個實施例。一使用 者裝置亦可稱為系統、用戶單元、用戶台、行動台'行動 裝置、遠端台、進接點、基地台、遠端終端機、進接終端 機、使用者終端機、终端機、使用者代理或使用者設備。 一使用者裝置可為一蜂巢式電話、一無線電話、一會談起 始協定(SIP)電話、一無線區域迴路(WLL)台、一 pDA、一 具有無線連接能力的手持式裝置或連接至一無線數據機的 其他處理裝置。 此外’本文所述之多個態樣或特徵可實施為使用標準程 式化及/或工程技術的方法、裝置或製造物品。如本文所 使用之術浯"製造物品"意欲涵蓋可自任何電腦可讀取裝 置、載體或媒體進接的電腦程式。舉例而言,電腦可讀取 媒體可包括(但不限於)磁性儲存裝置(例如,硬碟、軟性磁 碟、磁條等)、光碟(例如,緊密光碟(CD)、數位化通用碟 114281.doc •10· 1327423 片(DVD)等)、智慧卡及快閃記憶體裝置(例如,卡、棒、 隨身碟等)。 現參看圖式,圖1說明根據本文所呈現之多個實施例的 無線通信系統100。可利用多個模式來改良無線系統100中 之通信,包括:預編碼、SDMA、SDMA預編碼、多輸入 多輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼,及/或MIM04DMA,及分 集。如所說明,一行動裝置102與一基地台104進行無線通 信。應瞭解,雖然為簡單起見說明一個行動裝置102及一 個基地台104,但可存在一個以上行動裝置及一個以上基 地台。 基地台104包括可傳輸天線,其產生覆蓋預定區域之波 束,從而導致一固定波束圖案。基地台104支持諸如預編 碼、SDMA、SDMA預編碼、ΜΙΜΟ、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼及/或 ΜΙΜΟ-SDMA之技術。無論利用何技術,基地台104均執行 預處理。舉例而言,對於預編碼而言,利用一可在某一時 段内調變一使用者之所有傳輸的特定向量。對於ΜΙΜΟ預 編碼而言,可使用向量之一集合來調變來自基地台104之 傳輸。 碼簿106含有可對應於多個傳輸模式之不同向量及/或矩 陣的項,其中可預界定此資訊。每一項可對應於一傳輸模 式或一空間處理形式(例如,預編碼、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼、 SDMA、具有預編碼的SDMA、MIMO-SDMA等)。舉例而 言,碼薄106可含有64個項之集合,然而,可存在任何數 目個項且64為一任意數目。碼薄106可經定製以用於與(多 114281.doc -11 - 以/423 個)基地台1〇4進行通信的基地台丨04或扇區或(多個)行動裝 置102。舉例而言且並非用於限制,碼薄i 〇6可支持應用^ 文所述之傳輸模式的複數個使用者。應注意,雖然展示一 個碼薄1G6,但系統_中可存在—個以上碼薄且—個以上 碼薄106可與行動裝置1〇2及/或基地台1〇4相關聯。 打動裝置102可將行動裝置102想要之項告知基地台 。行動裝置102與基地台1〇4中之任一者或兩者可先2 地已知碼薄106。舉例而言,基地台1〇4可將其之碼薄1〇6 告知行動裝置102。當行動裝置102於不同基地台1〇4間移 動時,有可能為特定基地台1〇4改變碼簿1〇6。可由行動裝 置102自主地(例如,藉由一處理器進接不同碼薄)或藉由基 地σ 104將改變告知行動裝置1〇2來自動地執行此碼薄改 變。 在SDMA中,可將多個使用者同時排程至可辨別其空間 簽名的相同時頻資源。在SDMA中,將一扇區分為虛擬扇 區以使得不同區中之使用者裝置共用相同通道資源,藉此 達成更向的空間再用。可能存在一潛在地提供穩健之信號 傳輸的獨立傳輸模式。此傳輸模式可用於傳輸控制及/或 廣播資料。可將每一虛擬扇區進一步再分為更窄之空間波 束之集〇以使得—虛擬扇區内之一特定波束(或波束之線 性組合)可應用至一特定使用者裝置,藉此增加使用者裝 置之天線增益且限制由傳輸所形成之干擾的空間擴展。 當谷里接近非線性區時,在高SNR的情況下SDMA為有 用的。在此等實施例中,重疊多個使用者以每一使用者之 114281.doc •12- 1327423 減少之SNR為代價來增加可用通道的數目(維度)。假設在 尚SNR的情況下’使用者處於非線性容量區,此方法增加 了系統容量。另一方面,在低SNR的狀態(容量曲線之線性 區)下,增加維度時降低使用者之功率通常為無益的。在 此等實施例中,經由諸如可對資訊之多個流或流動進行預 編碼的預編碼(ΜΙΜΟ預編碼)之技術來增加使用者之SNR為 有益的。此等實施例利用波束之一預界定集合來傳輸至使 用者。在一MIMO方案中,存在傳輸至相同使用者之多個 流’其中可沿多個本征向量方向傳輸資料。 利用所揭示之技術,藉由在SDMA波束之波束空間中應 •用預編碼以使得能夠無縫地操作多輸入單輸出/多輸入多 輸出(MISO/MIMO)預編碼。特別地’若存在少數個啟用 SDMA之虛擬扇區,則每一此種區進一步由窄空間波束之 集β組成。此等窄波束形成發生於彼虛擬扇區内之傳輸的 基礎。 φ 利用何模式(預編碼、SDMA、SDMA及預編碼、Mim〇 及預編碼,或MIM〇及sdma)之決定可基於一或多個通道 條件進行。一通道品質指示符(CQI)技術可用以確定使用 何向量,例如提供最高值或最低值。對於預編碼而言,可 預處理使用者之傳輸的一特定項。對於預編碼 而:,可利用向量之一集合來預處理基地台之傳輸。預編 碼提供一更高之SNR,從而潛在地導致更佳效能。 圖2說明一根據多個實施例之多重進接無線通信系統 200。 _ - L γ. 重進接無線通信系統200包括多個小區,例如, 114281.doc •13· 1327423 小區202、204及206。在圖2之實施例中,每一小區202、 204及206可包括一進接點250,該進接點250包括多個扇 區。多個扇區由天線之諸群形成,每一群負責與小區之一 部分中之進接終端機進行通信。在小區2〇2中,天線群 212、214及216中之每一者對應於一不同扇區。在小區2〇4 中,天線群218、220及222中之每一者對應於一不同扇 區。在小區206中,天線群224、226及228中之每一者對應 於一不同扇區。 每一小區包括若干進接終端機,其與每一進接點之一或 多個扇區進行通信。舉例而言,進接終端機23〇及232與基 地台或進接點242進行通信,進接終端機234及236與進接 點244進行通信,且進接終端機238及24〇與進接點246進行 通信。 如圖2所說明,每一進接終端機23〇、232、 238及240定位於與相同小區中之其他進接终端機不同之其
個別小區之部分中。此外,每一進接終端機可與正與其進 行通信之對應天線群相距不同距離。此兩個因素提供亦歸 因於可51起每-進接終端機與其正騎龍之對應天線群 之間存在不同通道條件的小區巾之環境及其他條件的情 況0 如本文所使用’-進接點可為一用於與終端機進行通信 之固定站且亦可稱為基地台、節點—些其他術語且 可包括基地台、節點B或一些其他術語之某些或所有功能 性…進接終端機亦可稱為使用者設備_、無線通信裝
If4281.doc •14- 1327423 置、終端機、行動台或一些其他術語,且可包括使用者設 備(UE)、無線通信裝置、終端機、行動台或一些其他術= 之某些或所有功能性。 在一些實施例中,可在基地台處利用已知之正交或準正 交向量或矩陣之集合以便提供SDMA(例如,囡—々ώ A ★ 回疋或自適應 性扇區)。若基地台知道用於每一使用者之向量或波束, 則基地台可在不同使用者利用正交或準正交向量或矩陣的
情況下為不同使用者分配相同通道。在其他實施例中,系 統200可包括一對應於無預編碼之全向波束。基地台可將 此波束用作廣播或多播傳輸β在其他實施例中,系統2卯 可在向使用者報告此通道資訊的情況下利用並無之 預編碼。 丄圖3說明根據本文所呈現之一或多個實施例的一無線通 信系統3G0。三扇區基地台逝可包括多個天線群。舉例而 言,一個群可包括天線3〇4及遍,另—群可包括天線3〇8
及3i〇’且第三群可包括天線312及314。雖然每一天線群 說月為兩個天線’然而,更多或更少天線可用於每一天線 群。行動裝置316與天線312及314進行通信,其中天線η】 及3 14在一正向鏈路318上傳輸資訊至行動裝置η 6且在一 反向鏈路320上自行動襄置316接收資訊。行動裝置切與 天線304及306進行通信,其中天線剔及遍在—正向鍵路 324上傳輸資訊至行動裝置322且在一反向鏈路326上自行 動裝置322接收資訊。 母天線群及/或其中天線經指定以進行通信的區域可 114281.doc •15- 1327423 稱為基地台302之扇區。在一或多個實施例中,天線群經 設計以與基地台302所覆蓋之區域之一扇區中的行動裝置 進行通信。可利用波束成形技術在扇區中提供固定傳輸方 向或可替代地利用扇區。舉例而言,波束圖案可在三扇區 基地台之扇區中提供多個傳輸方向,從而導致一虛擬六扇 區基地台。再分扇區之此能力可導致增加之系統容量。 SDMA、ΜΙΜΟ及/或機會性波束成形可用於分頻系統(諸 如,正交分頻多重進接(OFDMA)系統)。一 OFDMA系統將 全部系統頻寬分割為多個正交副載波。.此等副載波亦可稱 為音調、載波、副載波、頻率組及/或頻率通道。每一副 載波與一可利用資料來調變之副載波相關聯。一 〇FDMa 系統可使用分時及/或分頻多工來達成用於多個使用者裝 置之多個資料傳輸間的正交性。可將獨立副載波分配至使 用者裝置之群’且可在分配至每一使用者裝置之該(等)副 載波上發送用於該使用者裝置之資料傳輸。可為分配有不 同頻率區之使用者裝置實施SDMA、ΜΙΜΟ及/或機會性波 束成形。 在一波束成形傳輸系統中,使用獨立波束分割扇區。由 一基地台扇區伺服之使用者裝置可指示一給定波束之偏 好。基地台可使用SDMA、ΜΙΜΟ、機會性波束成形或其 他排程方法來排程給定波束上之使用者裝置的傳輸。此 外,具有一固定波束圖案之波束成形允許一基地台同時利 用SDMA、ΜΙΜΟ及機會性波束成形排程技術。舉例而 言’可使用SDMA來排程空間正交之使用者裝置,可使用 114281.doc 1327423 ΜΙΜΟ來㈣具有條件良好之料通道較时裝置且可 使用機會性波束成形來排程額外使用者。 系統3 00可利用結合預編碼技術的波束成形。預編碼通 常為向里工間之里化表不,其中將一向量之不同項應用至 不同傳輸天線。在具有多個資料流之ΜΙΜ〇的情況下,預 編碼可由向量之一集合組成,其中每一向量對應於某一 ΜΙΜ〇流。應注意,多個資料流可包括-具有連續消除之 乡層ΜΙΜ〇傳輸、具有在多個傳輸天線上多工之資料符號 攀 &單個或多碼字組傳輸。 在一些實施例中,可自預編碼矩陣選擇預編碼權重,預 、編碼矩陣中之每-列對應於某一傳輸天纟而每一行對應於 ΜΙΜΟ机。對於此ΜΙΜΟ預編碼而言,可應用一純量或 向量量化。對於純量量化而言,獨立地量化預編碼矩陣之 係數。對於向量量化而言,整個預編碼矩陣與一特定量化 才曰數相關聯。應注意,空間量化精確度固有地與通常對通 φ 道條件具有較好瞭解的接收位點(使用者裝置)向傳輸位點 (基地台)報告所要量化指數所需要的反饋量相關。耗用昂 貝時向畺量化可為更有效的。作為一實例,每靜態通道頻 率組之量化指數的6位元表示(因此,64個預編碼矩陣)可達 到一4x4 ΜΙΜΟ系統中的最佳(連續)反饋的效能。應注意, 靜態通道頻率組意指通道幾乎恆定不變的時間頻率區。 圖4說明利用所揭示之改良無線環境中之通信的技術之 扇區402的波束圖案4〇(^扇區4〇2包括若干虛擬扇區, 該等虛擬扇區包括自一進接點4〇6傳輸之若干波束4〇4。所 114281.doc •17- 1327423
說明之波束404表示波束集合之兩個獨立組合,每一波束 集合具有五個波束。應理解,所揭示之實施例可利用更多 或更少波束組合及/或波束之子集合。舉例而言,集合中 之更窄波束之任何組合可用以改良方向性。每―波束可與 -組預編碼權重相關聯’在__些實施例中,預編碼權重可 對應於可用於預編碼之單位矩陣。在一些實施例中,一給 定虛擬賴中之具㈣編碼權重之波束的组合相對於每一 其他虛擬扇區中之具有預編碼權重之波束的每一其他組合 為準正交#。應注意,可保護一些波束(例如,虛擬扇區 之邊緣處的彼等波束)不經受預編碼權重以便防止干擾或 洩漏問題。若使用一預編碼模式,則傳輸且並不重疊"波 束"。在ΜΙΜΟ模式中,利用"波束,,之多個組合。 不同於將預編碼權重(例如,預編碼矩陣之列)直接應用
於不同傳輸天線之標準預編碼,根據一些實施例,將預編 碼係數應用於波束《基於通道知識,此等方法可允許波束 之一任意線性組合建構於一虛擬扇區内。因此,假設區足 夠寬以擷取對應於一特定使用者裝置之大多數通道能量, 則可在一虛擬扇區上達成一高預編碼效率。 此方法亦可確保線性組合與其他虛擬扇區内之波束的線 性組合為準正交的。因此,可在將相互(扇區内)干擾保持 為低的情況下將不同虛擬扇區中之相同資源指派至使用者 裝置。 在其他實施例中,根據平均空間協方差矩陣來界定虛擬 扇區且利用為每一區所界定之平均協方差矩陣來產生該區 114281.doc -18- 1327423 之預編碼矩陣作為矩陣的(偽)隨機實現。藉由選擇不同區 之準正交平均協方差矩陣,可在將不同虛擬扇區上之相同 資源指派至使用者裝置時達成一低位準之小區内干擾。 將一特定使用者裝置置於利用波束及預編碼權重組合之 模式中的決定可基於將相同資源排程至一不同虛擬扇區上 的另一使用者裝置且可由進接點作出此確定。該確定可基 於由使用者裝置報告之用於所要預編碼矩陣的通道品質。 確定亦可基於一旦在SDMA模式中可引起扇區内干擾的相 對於其他虛擬扇區之通道強度。 對於並未經排程以使用波束與預編碼權重組合之使用者 裝置而言,可在包括整個扇區之虛擬扇區上執行預編碼。 在此實施例中,可相對於傳輸天線(典型方法)或相對於波 束來界定預編碼矩陣。 應注意,波束空間預編碼可有益於支持SDMA,因為其 給出限制被排程不同虛擬扇區上之相同資源的使用者之間 的干擾的天然方式。相對於傳輸天線之預編碼允許界定一 類預編碼矩陣以使得對於任一預編碼矩陣而言,每一天線 傳輸相同功率詈。ΛΚ力赦瞅也丨傅ία / . ......
於廣播傳輸之預編碼及/或SDMA。
功能區塊表示由一處理器、 -—系統50〇的功能區塊。此等 軟體或其組合(例如,軔體)實 114281.doc -19- 1327423 施的功能。包括彼此間建立介面之一波束產生器5〇2、一 指派器504、一排程器506及一通信器508。雖然展示了四 個功能區塊’但可存在更多或更少功能區塊且可根據本文 所呈現之多個實施例組合或分離一些功能區塊。 波束產生器502可經組態以用一或多個向量及/或一或多 個向量組合或集合來預處理信號。舉例而言,波束產生器 了產生一具有一覆蓋區域之第一向量或向量集合。波
束產生器502可進一步產生具有一與第一向量或向量集合 之覆蓋區域大體上不同或稍微不同之覆蓋區域的一第二 (第二、第四等)向量或向量集合。以此方式,所產生之向 1或向量集合不應重疊且可為正交的。在其他實施例中, 第二向量(或向量集合)可具有與第一向量(或向量集合)相 同之覆蓋區域。 心派器504可經組態以指派一或多個使用者裝置至第一 波束或波束集合。指派器5〇4可與一碼薄相關聯,該碼薄 含有進接終端機可自其選擇的-向量之職集合。碼簿中 之每一項可對應於-類型之向量。因&,指派器5〇4可將 使用者偏好與碼薄中之一項或多項相關聯。舉例而言,一 ::為一對應於預編碼之向量。另一項可對應於用於 「預編碼之兩個向量…矩陣中之每一行可為一向 群隼陣之^,每—集合對應於-個SDMA 群集。應藉由在傳輸器或進接點處 分離SDMA使用者。若兩個使用者重疊,在^ 不同群集獲取波束的情況下重叠。舉例而言,若Si使: 11428I.doc •20- '、要自個群集傳輸,則將一個或兩個使用者發送至碼 薄中之不同項,且SDMA並不用於此等使用者。 可利用一預編碼技術來將一特定波束(或波束集合)關聯 特疋使用者裝置。指派器5 可進一步經組態以指派 一第二(第三、第四等)使用者裝置至一第二(第三、第四 等)波束或波束集合,其可考慮一空間處理技術。在其他 實施例中,指派器5〇4可在僅將利用預編碼的情況下指派 第一使用者裝置至第二(及隨後)波束或波束集合。根據一 些實施例,指派器5〇4可確定使用者之一通道特徵。 排程器506可經組態以基於分空間多重進接(SDMA)、多 輸入夕輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)及/或機會性波束成形排程技術排程使 用者裝置之通信或排程使用者裝置之通信至一傳輸模式 (例如,預編碼、SDMA、SDMA預編碼、ΜΙΜΟ、ΜΙΜΟ預 編碼、MIMO-SDMA、分集)^應最佳化此排程以增強無線 通信環境中之效能。排程器506可選擇要應用之一或多個 傳輸模式。選擇可對應於碼薄中之該項或該等項β 通化器508(或傳輸器/接收器)可經組態以自每一使用者 裝置接收關於一波束或波束集合偏好的資訊。舉例而言, 通信器508可接收用於一傳輸模式之一使用者偏好。通信 器508亦可經組態以傳輸所選定之該模式或該等模式的識 別符。以此方式,通信器508可與其他功能區塊建立介面 以定位可共用一共同進接點之資源的兩個或兩個以上使用 者裝置。 圖ό A說明一用於增強一無線通信環境中之效能的方法。 114281.doc •21· 該方法_始於_,其中基於由使用者行㈣置料定之 複數個準則來接收一使用者偏好。該使用者偏好可包含一 用於識別模式的偏好、多個模式連同用於一些或所有 之相關CQ卜用於_或多個模式之⑽之間的差異^ 或能夠用於確定此偏好之其他資訊。 在6〇4處,讀取一碼薄以確定何模式及特殊向量、或多 個向量、或矩陣或多個矩陣對應於使用者偏好(例如,對 應於包括在使用者偏好中之一詈 置化“數)。可藉由將所接 收之偏好與碼薄中之-項或多項相關聯來執行碼薄的讀 取。在6〇6處,可利用該特殊向量、或多個向量、或矩陣 或多個矩陣來將使用者指派 ,4士 一地 ?日祇特疋空間處理模式或傳輸模 式。特疋傳輸模式可對應於碼薄中 該項或該等項。 之對應於使用者偏好的 中之·聯至-特定空間處理模式可採取許多形 式。應理解’以下論述僅出 傲 1皇出於舉例之目的且並非用於限 截例而言,項之一集合可對應於預編碼,其可用於視 2圍内◎作中。的複數個使用者。為了界定此複數個使 #疋波束操控向S且其可用於視線範圍内之使用 f。 =另-集合可為波束操控向量之一線性組合。可將此 向量指向一扇區中之某一方向。因此,並非每 ;"生吏I者處於視線範圍内且可利用此等波束操控向量之線 性組合。碼薄中之@s ^ 4 項之另—集合可對應於此等線性組合, 例如,包括任何數目(2、3、4等)個組合的組合之集合。應 114281.doc •22· 1327423 注意,項之第-集合可稱為"波束"且項之下一集合可為波 束之線性組合。進接點可使用此等預界定波束。
根據ΜΙΜΟ,可界定項之一集合,其中每一項包括兩 個、三個、四個、五個等向量。矩陣之每一行可為波束之 -線性組合。用以區分料行之構件可確定祕組合之行 之間的差異。舉例而言,行丨為波束丨、2及3之線性組合且 行2為波束4、5及6之線性組合。項之第三集合可為一矩 陣’其中每一行可為波束之一線性組合。
對於一 SDMA實例而言,可將經界定之波束之第一集合 指向一扇區中之某一方向。為了執行波束之分組,舉例而 5,可將所有波束指向30度角。可將一個扇區劃分為兩個 或兩個以上虛擬扇區,其中將一虛擬扇區内之所有波束分 為組且獨立於第一組將另一虛擬扇區内之所有波束分為 組。此等波束基本上基於其所指向之方向為群集的。因 此,若兩個使用者偏好獨立群集中之波束,且使用者1偏 好群集1中之波束且使用者2偏好群集2中之波束,則SDMA 可用於使用者1及使用者2。允許此等波束重疊。用sDMA 之預編碼可描述為將一使用者指派至一群集中之波束之線 性組合的波束的模式。 圖6B說明一用於增強一無線通信環境中之效能的系統。 用於解釋一使用者偏好之構件610與構件612耦接,構件 612用於讀取一碼薄以確定何模式及特殊向量、或多個向 量、或矩陣或多個矩陣對應於使用者偏好(例如,對應於 包括在使用者偏好中的量化指數)。可藉由將所接收之偏 H428l.doc -23 · 1327423 好與碼薄中之一"V々β 1 〒之項或多項相關聯來執行碼薄的讀 6邮接至構件…以便制特殊向量、或多個向量、= ==:陣來將使用者指派至來自碼薄的特定空間處理 摈式或傳輸模式。 圖7Α說明根據本文所呈現之多個實施例之—用於確定且 報告一(多個)模式或一(多個)傳輸技術之-使用者偏好的 方法700。根據該方法’在方塊而處確定用於一使用者 之一或多個通道特徵。通道特徵可為使用者可用之用於每 _或所有傳輸技術或模式的一或多個cqi及其組 合。此等模式包括SDMA、SDMA預編碼、預編碼、 NOMO-SDMA、MIM〇預編碼、分集模式及/或其類似。此 外,通道特徵可包括傳輸功率偏移、信號強度、其他扇區 干擾資訊’及/或其他通道資訊準則。 在方塊704處’作出應用何模式之確定。舉例而言,該 確定可基於通道特徵。在選擇(多個)模式之後,在7〇6處傳 輸一包括模式的識別符。 如上所述,模式包括SDMA、SDMA預編碼、預編碼、 MIMO-SDMA、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼及/或其類似。為了選擇是否 使用SDMA、SDMA預編碼、預編碼、Mim〇 sdma、 ΜΪΜΟ預編碼、分集模式及/或其類μ,應將某些資訊提供 至基地台《傳輸器。此資訊應不僅傳送選擇且傳送關於利 用何預編碼權重或波束及預編碼權重之資訊。使用者或使 用者裝置在其通道資訊之報告中可包括以下度量中之一者 ^使用何方法與在該方法中利用 114281.doc -24. 1327423 何線性組合。可利用且報告之度量包括用於預編碼之 CQI、用於SDMA之CQI,及/或用於分集模式之CQI。可以 組合之任一集合或彼此排斥之方式報告此等度量。 用於預編碼度量之CQI在將一使用者排程至某一波束(或 ΜΙΜΟ的情況下之矩陣)的情況下擷取通道品質(例如, SINR)。通常,報告對應於最佳波束之cqj連同最佳波束 之指數。為第二最佳波束、第三最佳波束等反饋預編碼 CQI(及指數)可為有益的。 在使用SDMA排程使用者的情況下,用於sdmA度量之 CQI擷取通道品質(例如,siNR) »在假設將使用者排程至 最佳波束的情況下計算信號功率。通常,干擾為兩個量之 總和。第一量為熱干擾與小區内干擾之總和。第二量對應 於歸因於排程至一不同群集中之波束中之一者上的使用者 的干擾。可存在計算此之許多方法且將描述兩個非限制性 實施例(對不利波束及求平均及單個干擾波束)。 對不利波束求平均之模式中,估計歸因於聯合 SDMA(co-SDMA)的干擾。此估計假設可將使用者排程至 一不同群集内之波束中的任一者上且假設將一使用者排程 至一空間群集中。由另一群集產生之干擾量為由屬於彼群 集之波束所形成之干擾的平均。因此,總干擾為歸因於其 他群集之干擾的總和。 在單個干擾波束模式中’ SDMA使用者假設將一特殊波 束指派至一干擾SDMA群集中之一使用者。因此,干擾僅 為來自此一個波束之干擾。經由利用所描述之或其他計 114281.doc 25· 1327423 算,使用者終端機具有信號及干擾已得以計算的可用通道 貝訊。右利用單個干擾波束模式,則可將此連同最佳(信 號傳輸)波束之指數及干擾波束之指數一起反饋。 另一度量為用於分集模式傳輸之CQI。此度量在既不使 用預編碼亦不使用SDMA來排程使用者的情況下擷取通道 °口貝。此度量允許系統提供用於一給定使用者的最小位準 之效能。此處之構思為:僅在預編碼/SDMA (:(^1大於分集 模式CQI的情況下使用預編碼/SDMA。應注意,此(^1報 告含有分集模式資訊之通道的品質。 圖7B說明根據本發明之多個實施例中之一用於確定且報 告一(多個)模式或一(多個)傳輸技術之一使用者偏好的系 統。將用於確定一或多個通道特徵之構件71〇耦接至用於 基於該或該等通道特徵自一碼薄確定一應用模式的構件 712。通道特徵可為使用者可用之用於每一、一些或所有 傳輸技術或模式的一或多個CQI&其組合。此等模式包括 SDMA、SDMA預編碼、預編碼、MIM〇_SDMA、MIM〇預 編碼、分集模式及/或其類似。此外,通道特徵可包括傳 輸功率偏移、信號強度、其他扇區干擾資訊,及/或其他 通道資訊準則。.構件712耦接至用於產生一隨後可傳輸至 進接點之模式識別符的構件7丨4。 圖8說明根據本文所呈現之一或多個實施例之利用所揭 示之技術來增加一無線通信環境中之系統容量的系統 800。熟習此項技術者將瞭解,系統8〇〇可常駐於一基地台 中及/或一使用者裝置中。系統8〇〇包括一接收器8〇2,該 114281.doc • 26 - 1327423 接收 Is 802 自(例如、— 、妁)或多個接收天線接收一信號,且對所 接收之信號執行典型之操作(例如,過渡、放大、降頻轉 換等)且數位化所調節之信號以獲取樣本。一解調器804可 解調所接收之導頻符號且將所接收之導頻符號提供至一處 理器806以用於通道估計。
處理器806可為-專用於分析由接收器8〇2所接收之資訊 及/或產生用於由一傳輸器814傳輸之資訊的處理器。處理 器806可為-控制使用者裝置_之—或多個組件的處理 器,及/或一分析由接收器802接收之資訊、產生用於由一 傳輸器814傳輸之資訊且控制使用者裝置8〇〇之一或多個組 件的處理器》處理器806可經組態以自一碼薄選擇複數個 傳輸模式中之一傳輸模式。使用者裝置8〇〇可包括一協調 波束指派的最佳化器808。可將最佳化器8〇8倂入處理器 8〇6中。應瞭解,最佳化器8〇8可包括用以結合將使用者裝 置指派至波束而執行基於效用之分析的最佳化代碼。最佳
化代碼可利用結合執行干擾之基於人工智慧之方法及/或 結合最佳化使用者裝置波束指派的概率性確定及/或基於 統計之確定。 使用者裝置800可額外地包含記憶體81〇,其可操作地搞 接至處理器806且儲存與波束圖案資訊相關之資訊、包含 與其相關之資訊的查找表,及與本文所描述之波束成形相 關的其他適當資訊。記憶體810可額外地儲存與產生查找 表等相關聯之協定以使得使用者裝置8〇〇可採用所儲存之 協定及/或演算法來增加系統容量。應瞭解,本文所描述 114281.doc -27- 1327423 之資料儲存(例如,記憶體)組件可為揮發性記憶體或非揮 發性記憶體,或可包括揮發性與非揮發性記憶體。為了說 明且並非用於限制,非揮發性記憶體可包括唯讀記憶體 (ROM)、可程式化ROM(PROM)、電子可程式化R_〇M〇EPROM)、 電子可抹除ROM(EEPROM)或快閃記憶體。揮發性記憶體 可包括充當外部快取記憶體之隨機存取記憶體(RAM)。為 了說明且並非用於限制,RAM可以許多形式存在,諸如同 步 RAM(SRAM)、動態 RAM(DRAM)、同步 DRAM(SDRAM)、 雙資料速率 SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增強 SDRAM(ESDRAM)、 同步鏈路 DRAM(SLDRAM)及直接 Rambus RAM(DRRAM)。 本系統及方法之記憶體810意欲包含(但不限於)此等及其他 適當類型之記憶體。處理器806連接至一符號調變器812及 傳輸經調變之信號的傳輸器814 » 圖9說明根據多個實施例之利用預編碼及SDMA來增加一 無線通信環境中之系統容量的系統。系統900包含一具有 一接收器910之基地台902,該接收器910經由一或多個接 收天線906自一或多個使用者裝置904接收信號,且經由複 數個傳輸天線908傳輸至一或多個使用者裝置904。在一或 多個實施例中,可使用天線之單個集合來建構接收天線 906及傳輸天線908。接收器910可自接收天線906接收資訊 且可操作地與一解調變所接收之資訊的解調器912相關 聯。如熟習此項技術者將瞭解,接收器910可為(例如)一靶 式接收器(例如,使用複數個基頻相關器來個別地處理多 路徑信號組件的技術等)、一基於MMSE的接收器,或用於 114281.doc -28· 1327423 刀離出丸派至其之使用者裝置的某些其他適當接收器。根 據多個,,可採用多個接收器(例如,每一接收天線一 個接收器),且此等接收器可互相通信以提供使用者資料 之改良估計。&一處理器914分析經解調變之符號,該處 理器914類似於上文參考圖8所描述之處理器且柄接至一記 憶體916,該記憶體916儲存與使用者裝置指派相關之資 訊、與其相關之查找表及其類似。可由接收器91〇及/或處 理器914共同處理用於每__天線之接收器輸出。一調變器 了夕工由傳輸器920經由傳輸天線9〇 8傳輸至使用者 裝置904的信號。 基地台902進一步包含一指派器922,其可為一不同於處 理器914或整合至處理器914的處理器,且其可評估由基地 台904所伺服之一扇區中之所有使用者裝置的一集區,且 可至少部分地基於個別使用者裝置之位置、一預編碼方 案,或一資源共用方案來將使用者裝置指派至波束。 圖10說明根據本文所呈現之多個實施例之一多重進接無 線通信系統1000中的一傳輸器及接收器。為了簡明起見, 無線通信系統1 0 0 0描繪一個基地台及一個使用者裝置。然 而,應瞭解,系統可包括一個以上基地台及/或一個以上 使用者裝置’其中額外之基地台及/或使用者裝置可大體 上類似於或不同於下文所描述之例示性基地台及使用者裝 置。此外,應瞭解,基地台及/或使用者裝置可採用本文 所描述之系統及/或方法來促進其間的無線通信。 在一傳輸器系統1010處,將用於若干資料流之訊務資料 114281.doc -29- 1327423 自一資料源1012提供至一傳輸(τχ)資料處理器1〇14。在一 些實施例中,在各自之傳輸天線上傳輸每一資料流。τχ 資料處理器1014基於一經選擇之用於彼資料流之特定編碼 方案來格式化、編碼且交錯用於每一資料流之訊務資料以 提供編碼資料。在一些實施例中,Τχ資料處理器1〇14基 於符號傳輸至之使用者及自其傳輸符號之天線將波束成形 權重應用至資料流的符號。在一些實施例中,可基於指示 進接點與進接終端機之間之傳輸路徑的條件的通道響應資 訊來產生波束成形權重。可利用CQI資訊或由使用者提供 之通道估計來產生通道響應資訊。此外,在所排程之傳輸 之彼等情況下,ΤΧ資料處理器1014可基於自使用者傳輸 之等級資訊來選擇封包格式。 可使用OFDM技術來用導頻資料多工每一資料流之經編 碼之資料。導頻資料通常為一已知之資料圖案,該資料圖 案係以一已知方式處理且可用於接收器系統處以估計通道 響應。接著,基於所選定之用於彼資料流之一特定調變方 案(例如,BPSK、QSPK、M-PSK或M-QAM)來調變(例如, 符號映射)每一資料流之經多工之導頻資料及經編碼之資 料以提供調變符號。可由處理器1030所執行或提供之指令 來確定每一資料流之資料速率、編碼及調變。在一些實施 例中,可根據自使用者傳輸之等級資訊來改變平行空間流 的數目。 將資料流之經調變之符號提供至一 ΤΧ ΜΙΜΟ處理器 1020,其可進一步處理調變符號(例如,用於OFDM)。ΤΧ 114281.doc -30· 1327423 ΜΙΜΟ處理器1020將NT符號流提供至NT傳輸器 (TMTR)1022a至1022t。在一些實施例中,τχ ΜΙΜΟ處理 器1020基於符號傳輸至之使用者及自其傳輸來自使用者通 道響應資訊之符號的天線來將波束成形權重應用至資料流 的符號。 每一傳輸器1022接收且處理各自之符號流以提供一或多 個類比彳s號’且進一步調郎(例如,放大、過瀘、及升頻轉 換)類比信號以提供適用於在ΜΙΜΟ通道上傳輸之經調變之 L號。分別自NT天線1024a至l〇24t傳輸來自傳輸器i〇22a 至1022t之NT調變信號。 在接收器系統1050處,由NR天線i〇52a至1052r接收經傳 輸之調變信號且將來自每、一天線1〇5 2之所接收之信號提供 至各自之接收器(RCVR)1054。每一接收器1〇54調節(例 如’過濾、放大及降頻轉換)一各自之接收信號,數位化 經調節之信號以提供樣本’且進一步處理該等樣本以提供 一對應之"接收"符號流。 一 RX資料處理器1060隨後基於一特定之接收器處理技 術接收且處理來自NR接收器1054之NR接收符號流以提 供’’偵測"符號流之等級數目。下面更詳細描述由Rx資料處 理器1060之處理《每一偵測符號流包括為對應資料流傳輸 之調變符號之估計的符號。RX資料處理器1〇6〇隨後解調 變、解交錯且解碼每一偵測符號流以恢復資料流之訊務資 料。由RX資料處理器1060之處理與傳輸器系統1〇1〇處丁乂 ΜΙΜΟ處理器1020及τχ資料處理器1〇14所執行之處理互 114281.doc -31 · 1327423 補。 由RX處理器1060所產生之通道響應估計可用以執行接 收器處的空間、空間/時間處理,調整功率位準,改變調 變速率或方案’或其他操作。RX處理器1〇6〇可進一步估 計偵測符號流之信號對雜訊及干擾比(SNR),及可能之其 他通道特徵,且將此等量提供至處理器1〇7〇。RX資料處 理器1060或處理器1070可進一步導出用於系統之”有效" SNR之估計。處理器1070隨後提供經估計之通道資訊 (CSI),其可包含關於通信鏈路及/或所接收之資料流的各 種類型之資訊。舉例而言,CSI可僅包含操作SNR。隨後 由一亦自一資料源1076接收用於一定數目個資料流之訊務 資料的TX資料處理器1078處理CSI,由一調變器1〇80調變 CSI ’由傳輸器l〇54a至10541調節CSI,且傳輸回傳輸器系 統 1010。 在傳輸器系統10 10處’來自接收器系統1〇50之經調變之 信號係由天線1024接收’由接收器1022調節,由一解調器 1040解調變’且由一 rx資料處理器1〇42處理以恢復接收 器系統所報告之CSI。隨後將所報告之CSI提供至處理器 1030且用於:(1)確定待用於資料流之資料速率以及編碼及 調變方案’及(2)產生用於TX資料處理器1〇14及ΤΧ ΜΙΜΟ 處理器1020的各種控制。 在接收器處,各種處理技術可用於處理NR接收信號以 偵測NT傳輸符號流。可將此等接收器處理技術分組為兩 個主要種類:(i)空間及空間·時間接收器處理技術(其亦稱 114281.doc -32- 1327423 為均衡技術);及(π)"連續零值/均衡及干擾消除"接收器處 理技術(其亦稱為"連續干擾消除"或"連續消除"接收器處理 技術)。 可將由NT傳輸天線及NR接收天線形成之ΜΙΜΟ通道分 解為Ns個獨立通道,其中為}。Ns個獨立通道中 之每一者亦可稱為ΜΙΜΟ通道之空間子通道(或傳輸通道) 且對應於一維度。 應理解’本文所描述之實施例可由硬體、軟體、韌體、 中間軟體、微碼,或其任何組合來實施。對於硬體實施而 言’一進接點或一進接終端機内之處理單元可實施於一個 或多個特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、數位訊號處理器 (DSP)、數位訊號處理裝置(DSpD)、可程式化邏輯裝置 (PLD)、場可程式化閘陣列(FpGA)、處理器、控制器、微 控器、微處理器、經設計以執行本文所述功能的其他電子 單元或其組合。 當以軟體、韌體、中間軟體或微碼、程式碼或碼段中實 施實施例時,軟體、韌體、中間軟體或微碼、程式碼或碼 段可儲存於一機器可讀取媒體(諸如一儲存器組件)中。一 碼段可表示-程序、—函數…子程式、__程式、一常 式、一子常式 ' —模組、一軟體封包、一類,或指令資 料結f或程式語句之任何組合。可藉由傳遞及/或接收資 訊、貝料、引數'參數或記憶體内容來將一碼段耦接至另 -瑪段或-硬體電路。使用包括記憶體共用、訊息傳遞、 符記網路傳輸等之任何適當方法來傳遞、轉發或傳 114281.doc •33- 輪資訊、引數、參數、資料等。 對於軟體實施而言,可利用執行本文所述功能的模組 (例如’程序、函數等)來實施本文所述技術。軟體程式碼 可儲存於記憶體單元中且由處理器來執行1憶體單元可 建構於處理H㈣或處理器外部’在處於處理器外部的情 況下記憶體單元可經由如此項技術中已知之各種方法通信 地鶴接至處理器。 上文已描述的内容包括—或多個實施例的實例以使得熟 習此項技術者能夠進行或使用本文所揭示之特徵、功能、 操作及實施例。备$ ,出於描述前述實施例之目的不能描 述組件或方法之每一可想像之組合,但熟習此項技術者可 認識到多個實施例之許多其他組合及排列為可行的。因 此所描述之實施例意欲包含屬於所附申請專利S圍之精 神及㈣的所有此等替代、修改及變化。此外,就用於實 施方式或申請專利範圍中的術語"包括”而言,此術語意欲 以類似於術語"包含,,用作申請專利範圍中之一轉折語時所 解釋之方式理解為非排他性的。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1說明根據本文所呈現之多個實施例之—無線通信系 統 圖2說明根據多個實施例之—多重進接無線通信系統。 圖3說明㈣本文所呈現之-或多個實施例之-無線通 信系統。 圖4說明用於一利用所揭示之改良無線環境中之通信的 114281.doc -34 - 1327423 技術之扇區的波束圖案。 圖5說明根據多個實施例的功能區塊。 圖6A說明一用於增強一無線通信環境中之效能的方法。 圖6B說明一用於增強一無線通信環境中之效能的系統。 圖7A說明根據本文所呈現之多個實施例之用於確定且報 告一(多個)模式或一(多個)傳輸技術之一使用者的偏好的 方法。 圖7B說明根據本文所呈現之多個實施例之用於確定且報
告一(多個)模式或一(多個)傳輸技術的一使用者的偏好的 系統。 圖8說明根據本文所呈現之一或多個實施例之利用所揭 示之技術來增加一無線通信環境中之系統容量的系統。 圖9說明根據多個實施例之利用預編碼及sdMA來增加一 無線通信環境中之系統容量的系統。
圖10說明根據本文所呈現之多個實施例之一多重進接無 線通信系統中的一傳輸器及接收器。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 無線通信系統 102 行動裝置 104 基地台 106 碼薄 200 多重進接無線通信系統 202 小區 204 小區 114281.doc -35· 1327423
206 小區 212 天線群 214 天線群 216 天線群 218 天線群 220 天線群 222 天線群 224 天線群 226 天線群 228 天線群 230 進接終端機 232 進接終端機 234 進接終端機 236 進接終端機 238 進接終端機 240 進接終端機 242 基地台或進接點 244 進接點 246 進接點 250 進接點 300 無線通信系統 302 三扇區基地台 304 天線 306 天線 114281.doc -36· 1327423
308 天線 310 天線 312 天線 314 天線 316 行動裝置 318 正向鍵路 320 反向鏈路 322 行動裝置 324 正向鍵路 326 反向鍵路 400 波束圖案 402 扇區 404 波束 406 進接點 500 系統 502 波束產生器 504 指派1§ 506 排程器 508 通信器 610 構件 612 構件 614 構件 710 構件 712 構件 114281.doc -37- 1327423
714 構件 800 系統 802 接收器 804 解調器 806 處理器 808 最佳化器 810 記憶體 812 符號調變器 814 傳輸器 900 系統 902 基地台 904 使用者裝置 906 接收天線 908 傳輸天線 910 接收器 912 解調器 914 處理器 916 記憶體 918 調變器 920 傳輸器 922 指派器 1000 無線通信系統 1010 傳輸器系統 1012 資料源 114281.doc -38- 1327423
1014 傳輸(TX)資料處理器 1020 TX ΜΙΜΟ處理器 1022a NT傳輸器(TMTR) 1022t NT傳輸器(TMTR) 1024a NT天線 1024t NT天線 1030 處理器 1040 解調器 1042 RX資料處理器 1050 接收器系統 1052a NR天線 1052r NR天線 1054a 傳輸器 1054r 傳輸器 1060 RX資料處理器 1070 處理器 1076 資料源 1078 TX資料處理器 1080 調變器 114281.doc 39-

Claims (1)

1327423 第095131897號專利申請案 • 令文申請專利範圍替換本(99年2月) 十、申請專利範圍: 一種用於增強一 含: 無線通信環境中 之效能的方法 其包 接收用於一傳輸模式之一使用者偏好; 將該使用麵好與—碼料之至少—項相關聯;及 將該使用者指派至該對應於至少—項之傳輪模式,並包 於預:碼、分空間多重進接(SDMa)、sdm_編碼、 多輸入多輸味細)' 聰〇預編碼、mim〇 sdm 一分集。 2·如請求項1之方法’其中將該㈣者偏好與該碼薄中之 2 一項相«包含絲該㈣㈣定對應於該使用者 之模式及至少一個向量或至少一個矩陣。 3. 如明求項1之方法’其中每一項對應於一傳輸模式。 4. 如請求項【之方法’其中該接收之使用者偏好包含以下 各者中之至少―者:識別該傳輸模式之-偏好、一通道 品質指示符(CQI)、多個模式連同用於該多個模式中之至 少一者的相關CQI,及用於至少兩傳輸模式中 之間的差異。 以 種確疋-傳輸模式之—使用者之偏好的方法,其包 含: z、 確定一使用者之通道特徵; 自瑪薄選擇至少一傳輪模式來應用其中該碼薄包括 用於至^冑輪模式之若干項,該等傳輸模式包括:預 編碼、分空間彡重進接(SDMA)、s祕預編碼、多輸入多 114281-990224.doc 輪出(MIMO-SDMA)、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼及一分集;及 傳輪選定之該至少一傳輸模式的一識別符。 6·如請求項5之方法,其中確定該使用者之通道特徵包含 利用一CQI、功率偏移、信號強度或其他扇區干擾資訊 中之至少一者。 °
8. 一個度 之至少 或用於 如清求項5之方法,其中該通道資訊包含至少 里,其用於選擇該至少一傳輸模式來應用。 如請求項7之方法’其中該度量包含以下各者中 者.—用於預編碼的CQI、用於SMDA之CQI, 分集模式的CQI。 種無線通信裝置,其包含: 處理器,其經組態以自一碼薄選擇複數個傳輸模式 中之-傳輸模式,其中該碼薄包括用於複數個傳輸模式 之項’該等傳輸模式包括:預編碼、Μ間多重進接 (SDMA)、SDMA預編碼、多輸入多輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)、Μιμ〇 預編碼、mimo-sdma及一分集;及 A ’IS體’其與該處理器耦接。 吻求項9之無線通信裝置,其令該碼薄中之每 應於一傳輸模式》 、 lh 之無線通信裝置’其t該處理器在該無線通 12 :二、於不同基地台間移動時自動地進接-不同碼薄。 •吻求項9之無線通信裝置,其中該處@ g ^ & 涊處理态在該無線通 。、置於不同基地台間 擇一傳輸模式〆不同碼薄以自其選 11428J-990224.doc 1327423 13. —種無線通信裝置,其包含: 用於處理-用於-傳輸模式之接收之使用者偏好的構 件; 用於將該使用者偏好與一碼薄中之一項相關聯的構 件,其中該項包括預編碼、分空間多重進接(sdma)、 SDMA預編碼、多輸人多輸出(MIM〇)、MlM〇預編碼、 MIMO-SDMA及一分集;及 用於將該使用者指派至該對應於該項之傳輸模式的構 件》 14. 如請求項13之無線通信$置,纟中每一項對應於一傳輪 模式。 15. —種無線通信裝置,其包含: 用於確定一使用者之一通道特徵的構件; 用於自一碼薄選擇一傳輸模式來應用的構件,其中該 碼薄包括用於傳輸模式之若干項,該等傳輸模式包括預 編碼、分空間多重進接(SDMA)、SDMA預編碼、多輸入 多輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)、ΜΙΜΟ預編碼、MIM〇_SDMA及一分 集,及 用於傳輸選定之該傳輸模式的一識別符的構件。 16. 如請求項15之無線通信裝置,其中該用於確定該使用者 之該通道特徵的構件包含利用一 CQI、功率偏移、信號 強度或其他扇區干擾資訊之至少一者。 17. —種電腦可讀取媒體,其包括儲存於其上之指令,該電 腦可讀取媒體包含: 114281-990224.doc 1327423 用於處理一用於一傳輸模式之接收之使用者偏好的指 令; 用於將該使用者偏好與一碼薄中之一項相關聯的指 令,其中該項包括預編碼、分空間多重進接(SDMA)、 SDMA預編碼、多輸入多輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)、MIM◦預編碼、 MIMO-SDMA及一分集;及 用於將該使用者指派至該對應於該項之傳輸模式的指 令〇 114281-990224.doc
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