CN101297514A - 传输模式选择、预编码和空分多址支持 - Google Patents

传输模式选择、预编码和空分多址支持 Download PDF

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CN101297514A
CN101297514A CN200680039875.6A CN200680039875A CN101297514A CN 101297514 A CN101297514 A CN 101297514A CN 200680039875 A CN200680039875 A CN 200680039875A CN 101297514 A CN101297514 A CN 101297514A
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transmission mode
precoding
sdma
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mimo
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阿列克谢·戈罗霍夫
达纳恩杰伊·阿肖克·戈尔
格温德琳·D·巴里亚克
王际兵
塔梅尔·卡杜斯
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
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    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
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    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
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Abstract

本发明描述结合使用码本技术来增强无线通信系统中的性能的实施例。根据一实施例为一种用于增强无线通信环境中的性能的方法。所述方法可包括接收用于传输模式的用户偏好，将所述用户偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联，和将所述用户指派到对应于所述项或多项的传输模式。所述传输模式可为以下各者中的一者：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO－SDMA和分集。每一项可对应于一传输模式。

Description

传输模式选择、预编码和空分多址支持
根据35U.S.C.§119主张优先权
本申请案主张于2005年8月30日申请的标题为“Beam-Space Precoding For SDMAWireless Communication Systems”第60/713,029号美国临时申请案和2005年10月27日申请的标题为“Precoding And SDMA Support”第60/731,014号美国临时申请案的权利，所述两个申请案的全文以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
以下描述大体上涉及无线通信，且尤其涉及用于无线通信系统的预编码和空分多址(SDMA)支持。
背景技术
无线网络连接系统已变成许多人进行全球通信的普遍方法。无线通信装置已变得越来越小且越来越功能强大以满足消费者的需要，其包括改进的便携性和便利性。用户已发现无线通信装置(例如蜂窝式电话、个人数字助理(PDA)等)的许多用途，且要求可靠的服务和扩展的覆盖面积。
可通过在区内使用波束成形传输以从基站或接入点传送到移动装置来增强无线通信系统的性能。此区可为服务区域且可包括子区或扇区。位于基站处的多个传输天线可用于形成波束成形传输，其利用通常覆盖比使用单个传输天线的传输窄的区域的“波束”。波束所覆盖的区域或扇区内的信号对干扰和噪声比(SINR)增强了。并未由波束覆盖的扇区的部分被称为零值区。在此零值区内的移动装置通常具有极低的SINR，从而导致降低的性能和可能的数据损失。通信系统可使用在特定用户装置处动态地引导波束的波束操控。在波束操控期间，用户装置改变位置时重定向波束。
通信系统中的挑战在于将移动装置或接收器定位于由接入点或发射器所服务的区域的特定部分中。在发射器具有多个传输天线的此些情况下，并不需要将每一天线所提供的信号相组合以在接收器处提供最大功率。在这些情况下，对在接收器处所接收的信号进行解码可能存在问题。
为了克服前述问题，需要改进具有多个天线的无线链路的信杂比(SNR)的技术。改进的SNR还可改进接收器对信号的解码。
发明内容
下文呈现一个或一个以上实施例的简化概述以便提供所述实施例的一些方面的基本理解。此概述并非为所述一个或一个以上实施例的广泛综述，且并不希望指定实施例的主要或关键元件或描绘所述实施例的范围。此概述的唯一目的是以简化形式呈现所述实施例的一些概念以作为后面所要呈现的更详细描述的前奏。
根据一个或一个以上实施例和其相应的揭示内容，结合无线通信和增强所述通信的性能来描述多个方面。根据一实施例为一种用于增强无线通信环境中的性能的方法。所述方法包括接收用于传输模式的用户偏好。所述方法进一步包括将用户偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联且将用户指派到对应于所述项或多项的传输模式。所述传输模式为以下各者中的一者：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。每一项可对应于一传输模式。
根据一些实施例为一种用于确定传输模式的用户的偏好的方法。所述方法包括：确定用户的信道特征；从码本选择要应用一或多个传输模式；和传输选定的一或多个模式的识别符。确定用户的信道特征可包括通过利用CQI、功率偏移、信号强度和其它扇区干扰信息来确定。模式可为以下各者中的一者：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO-SDMA)、MIMO预编码和分集。
根据一些实施例为一种无线通信装置，其包括处理器和与所述处理器耦合的存储器。所述处理器可经配置以从码本选择多个传输模式中的一传输模式。所述传输模式可为以下中的一者：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。所述码本中的每一项可对应于一传输模式。在一些实施例中，处理器在装置于不同基站间移动时自动地接入一不同码本，或处理器在装置于不同基站间移动时接收一从其选择传输模式的不同码本。
根据一些实施例为一种无线通信装置，其包括用于接收用于传输模式的用户偏好的装置。所述装置中还包括用于将偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联的装置和用于将用户指派到对应于所述项或多项的传输模式的装置。每一项可对应于一传输模式。传输模式可为以下各者中的一者：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。
根据一些实施例为一种无线通信装置，其包括用于确定用户的信道特征的装置、用于从码本选择要应用的一或多个传输模式的装置，和用于传输选定的所述模式或多个模式的识别符的装置。所述用于确定用户的信道特征的装置包含通过利用CQI、功率偏移、信号强度和其它扇区干扰信息来确定。所述模式可为以下各者中的一者：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。
为了实现前述和相关目标，一个或一个以上实施例包含下文充分描述和权利要求书中特定指出的特征。以下描述和附图详细陈述某些说明性方面且指示可采用实施例的原理的多种方法中的一些。当结合附图考虑时，其它优点和新颖特征将从以下详细描述中变得显而易见，且所揭示的实施例希望包括所有所述方面和其均等物。
附图说明
图1说明根据本文所呈现的多个实施例的一无线通信系统。
图2说明根据多个实施例的一多址无线通信系统。
图3说明根据本文所呈现的一个或一个以上实施例的一无线通信系统。
图4说明用于一利用所揭示的改进无线环境中的通信的技术的扇区的波束图案。
图5说明根据多个实施例的功能区块。
图6A说明用于增强无线通信环境中的性能的方法。
图6B说明用于增强无线通信环境中的性能的系统。
图7A说明根据本文所呈现的多个实施例的用于确定且报告模式或传输技术的用户的偏好的方法。
图7B说明根据本文所呈现的多个实施例的用于确定且报告模式或传输技术的用户的偏好的系统。
图8说明根据本文所呈现的一个或一个以上实施例的利用所揭示的技术来增加无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统。
图9说明根据多个实施例的利用预编码和SDMA来增加无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统。
图10说明根据本文所呈现的多个实施例的多址无线通信系统中的发射器和接收器。
具体实施方式
现参看附图来描述多个实施例。在以下描述中，出于解释的目的，陈述许多特殊细节以便提供对一个或一个以上实施例的彻底理解。然而，显然可在没有这些特殊细节的情况下实践所述实施例。在其它情况下，以框图形式展示众所周知的结构和装置以便有助于描述这些实施例。
如本申请案中所使用，术语“组件”、“系统”等希望表示与计算机相关的实体，其可为硬件、固件、硬件与软件的组合、软件或执行中的软件。举例来说，组件可为(但不限于)在处理器上运行的处理程序、处理器、物件、可执行的、执行进程、程序和/或计算机。为了说明，计算装置上运行的应用程序与所述计算装置均可为组件。一个或一个以上组件可驻留于处理程序和/或执行进程中，且组件可位于计算机上和/或分布于两个或两个以上计算机之间。此外，这些组件可由上面存储有多种数据结构的多种计算机可读媒体执行。所述组件可例如根据具有一个或一个以上数据包的信号(例如，来自一个组件的以信号形式的数据，所述组件与本地系统、分布式系统中的另一组件相互作用和/或经由一网络(例如因特网)与其它系统相互作用)经由本地和/或远程处理程序进行通信。
此外，本文结合用户装置描述多个实施例。用户装置还可称为系统、订户单元、订户台、移动台、移动装置、远程台、接入点、基站、远程终端、接入终端、用户终端、终端、用户代理或用户设备。用户装置可为蜂窝式电话、无线电话、会话起始协议(SIP)电话、无线本地环路(WLL)台、PDA、具有无线连接能力的手持式装置或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理装置。
此外，本文所述的多个方面或特征可实施为使用标准编程和/或工程技术的方法、设备或制造物品。如本文所使用的术语“制造物品”希望涵盖可从任何计算机可读装置、载体或媒体存取的计算机程序。举例来说，计算机可读媒体可包括(但不限于)磁性存储装置(例如，硬盘、软盘、磁条等)、光盘(例如，紧密光盘(CD)、数字通用盘(DVD)等)、智能卡和快闪存储器装置(例如，卡、棒、键驱动器......)。
现参看图式，图1说明根据本文所呈现的多个实施例的无线通信系统100。可利用多个模式来改进无线系统100中的通信，包括：预编码、SDMA、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、和/或MIMO-SDMA，和分集。如所说明，移动装置102与基站104进行无线通信。应了解，虽然为简单起见说明一个移动装置102和一个基站104，但可存在一个以上移动装置和一个以上基站。
基站104包括传输天线，其可产生覆盖预定区域的波束，从而导致固定波束图案。基站104支持例如预编码、SDMA、SDMA预编码、MIMO、MIMO预编码和/或MIMO-SDMA的技术。无论利用哪一技术，基站104均执行预处理。举例来说，对于预编码来说，利用可在某一时段内调制所有的用户的传输的特定向量。对于MIMO预编码来说，可使用向量集合来调制来自基站104的传输。
码本106含有可对应于多个传输模式的不同向量和/或矩阵的项，可预界定所述信息。每一项可对应于一传输模式或一空间处理形式(例如，预编码、MIMO预编码、SDMA、具有预编码的SDMA、MIMO-SDMA等)。举例来说，码本106可含有64个项的集合，然而，可存在任何数目个项且64为一任意数目。码本106可经定制以用于与基站104进行通信的基站104或扇区或移动装置102。举例来说且并非用于限制，码本106可支持应用本文所述的传输模式的多个用户。应注意，虽然展示一个码本106，但系统100中可存在一个以上码本且一个以上码本106可与移动装置102和/或基站104相关联。
移动装置102可将移动装置102想要的项告知基站104。移动装置102与基站104中的任一者或两者可先验地已知码本106。举例来说，基站104可将其码本106告知移动装置102。当移动装置102在不同基站104间移动时，有可能为特定基站104改变码本106。可由移动装置102自主地(例如，通过处理器接入不同码本)或通过基站104将改变告知移动装置102来自动地执行此码本改变。
在SDMA中，可将多个用户同时调度到可辨别其空间签名的相同时间频率资源。在SDMA中，将扇区分为虚拟扇区以使得不同区中的用户装置共享相同信道资源，由此实现较高的空间再用。可能存在潜在地提供稳健的信令的独立传输模式。此传输模式可用于传输控制和/或广播数据。可将每一虚拟扇区进一步再分为较窄的空间波束的集合以使得虚拟扇区内的特定波束(或波束的线性组合)可应用到特定用户装置，由此增加用户装置的天线增益且限制由传输所形成的干扰的空间扩展。
当容量接近非线性区时，在高SNR的情况下SDMA为有用的。在这些实施例中，重叠多个用户以每一用户的减少的SNR为代价来增加可用信道的数目(维度)。假设在高SNR的情况下，用户处于非线性容量区，此方法增加了系统容量。另一方面，在低SNR的状态(容量曲线的线性区)下，增加维度时降低用户的功率通常为无益的。在这些实施例中，经由例如可对信息的多个流进行预编码的预编码(MIMO预编码)的技术来增加用户的SNR为有益的。这些实施例利用波束的预界定集合来传输到用户。在MIMO方案中，存在传输到相同用户的多个流，其中可沿多个本征向量方向传输数据。
利用所揭示的技术，通过在SDMA波束的波束空间中应用预编码以使得能够无缝地操作多输入单输出/多输入多输出(MISO/MIMO)预编码和SDMA。明确地说，如果存在少数个启用SDMA的虚拟扇区，则每一所述区进一步由窄空间波束的集合组成。这些窄波束形成发生于所述虚拟扇区内的传输的基础。
利用哪一模式(预编码、SDMA、SDMA和预编码、MIMO、MIMO和预编码，或MIMO和SDMA)的决定可基于一个或一个以上信道条件进行。信道质量指示符(CQI)技术可用于确定使用哪一向量，例如提供最高值或最低值。对于预编码来说，可利用预处理用户的传输的特定项。对于MIMO预编码来说，可利用向量的集合来预处理基站的传输。预编码提供较高的SNR，从而潜在地导致较佳性能。
图2说明根据多个实施例的多址无线通信系统200。多址无线通信系统200包括多个小区，例如，小区202、204和206。在图2的实施例中，每一小区202、204和206可包括接入点250，所述接入点250包括多个扇区。多个扇区由天线的群组形成，每一天线负责与小区的一部分中的接入终端进行通信。在小区202中，天线群组212、214和216中的每一者对应于一不同扇区。在小区204中，天线群组218、220和222中的每一者对应于一不同扇区。在小区206中，天线群组224、226和228中的每一者对应于一不同扇区。
每一小区包括若干接入终端，其与每一接入点的一个或一个以上扇区进行通信。举例来说，接入终端230和232与基站或接入点242进行通信，接入终端234和236与接入点244进行通信，且接入终端238和240与接入点246进行通信。
如图2所说明，每一接入终端230、232、234、236、238和240定位于与相同小区中的其它接入终端不同的其个别小区的部分中。此外，每一接入终端可与正与其进行通信的相应天线群组相距不同距离。此两个因素提供也归因于可引起每一接入终端与其正与之进行通信的相应天线群组之间存在不同信道条件的小区中的环境和其它条件的情况。
如本文所使用，接入点可为用于与终端进行通信的固定站且还可称为基站、节点B或一些其它术语，且可包括基站、节点B或一些其它术语的某些或所有功能性。接入终端还可称为用户设备(UE)、无线通信装置、终端、移动台或一些其它术语，且可包括用户设备(UE)、无线通信装置、终端、移动台或一些其它术语的某些或所有功能性。
在一些实施例中，可在基站处利用已知的正交或准正交向量或矩阵的集合以便提供SDMA(例如，固定或自适应性扇区)。如果基站知道用于每一用户的向量或波束，则基站可在不同用户利用正交或准正交向量或矩阵的情况下为不同用户分配相同信道。在其它实施例中，系统200可包括对应于无预编码的全向波束。基站可将此波束用于广播或多播传输。在其它实施例中，系统200可在向用户报告此信道信息的情况下利用无SDMA的预编码。
图3说明根据本文所呈现的一个或一个以上实施例的无线通信系统300。三扇区基站302可包括多个天线群组。举例来说，一个群组可包括天线304和306，另一群组可包括天线308和310，且第三群组可包括天线312和314。每一天线群组说明为两个天线，然而，较多或较少天线可用于每一天线群组。移动装置316与天线312和314进行通信，其中天线312和314在正向链路318上传输信息到移动装置316且在反向链路320上从移动装置316接收信息。移动装置322与天线304和306进行通信，其中天线304和306在正向链路324上传输信息到移动装置322且在反向链路326上从移动装置322接收信息。
每一天线群组和/或其中天线经指定以进行通信的区域可称为基站302的扇区。在一个或一个以上实施例中，天线群组经设计以与基站302所覆盖的区域的扇区中的移动装置进行通信。可利用波束成形技术在扇区中提供固定传输方向或可替代地利用扇区。举例来说，波束图案可在三扇区基站的扇区中提供多个传输方向，从而导致虚拟六扇区基站。再分扇区的此能力可导致增加的系统容量。
SDMA、MIMO和/或机会性波束成形可用于频分系统(例如，正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统)。OFDMA系统将整个系统带宽分割为多个正交副载波。这些副载波还可称为音调、载波、副载波、频率组和/或频率信道。每一副载波与可利用数据来调制的副载波相关联。OFDMA系统可使用时分和/或频分多路复用来实现用于多个用户装置的多个数据传输间的正交性。可将独立副载波分配到用户装置的群组，且可在分配到每一用户装置的所述副载波上发送用于所述用户装置的数据传输。可为分配到不同频率区的用户装置实施SDMA、MIMO和/或机会性波束成形。
在波束成形传输系统中，使用独立波束分割扇区。由基站扇区服务的用户装置可指示给定波束的偏好。基站可使用SDMA、MIMO、机会性波束成形或其它调度方法来调度给定波束上的用户装置的传输。此外，具有固定波束图案的波束成形允许基站同时利用SDMA、MIMO和机会性波束成形调度技术。举例来说，可使用SDMA来调度空间正交的用户装置，可使用MIMO来调度具有条件良好的矩阵信道的用户装置且可使用机会性波束成形来调度额外用户。
系统300可利用结合预编码技术的波束成形。预编码通常为向量空间的量化表示，其中将向量的不同项应用到不同传输天线。在具有多个数据流的MIMO的情况下，预编码可由向量的集合组成，其中每一向量对应于某一MIMO流。应注意，多个数据流可包括具有连续消除的多层MIMO传输、具有在多个传输天线上多路复用的数据符号的单个或多码字传输。
在一些实施例中，可从预编码矩阵选择预编码权重，预编码矩阵中的每一行对应于某一传输天线，而每一列对应于MIMO流。对于此MIMO预编码来说，可应用标量或向量量化。对于标量量化来说，独立地量化预编码矩阵的系数。对于向量量化来说，整个预编码矩阵与特定量化指数相关联。应注意，空间量化精确度固有地与通常对信道条件具有较好了解的接收位点(用户装置)向传输位点(基站)报告所要量化指数所需要的反馈量相关。开销昂贵时向量量化可为较有效的。作为一实例，每静态信道频率组的量化指数的6位表示(因此，64个预编码矩阵)可接近4×4MIMO系统中的最佳(连续)反馈的性能。应注意，静态信道频率组指的是信道几乎恒定不变的时间频率区。
图4说明利用所揭示的改进无线环境中的通信的技术的扇区402的波束图案400。扇区402包括若干虚拟扇区，所述虚拟扇区包括从接入点406传输的若干波束404。所说明的波束404表示波束集合的两个独立组合，每一波束集合具有五个波束。应理解，所揭示的实施例可利用较多或较少波束组合和/或波束的子集合。举例来说，集合中的较窄波束的任何组合均可用于改进方向性。每一波束可与一群组预编码权重相关联，在一些实施例中，预编码权重可对应于可用于预编码的单位矩阵。在一些实施例中，给定虚拟扇区中的具有预编码权重的波束的组合相对于每一其它虚拟扇区中的具有预编码权重的波束的每一其它组合为准正交的。应注意，可保护一些波束(例如，虚拟扇区的边缘处的那些波束)不经受预编码权重以便防止干扰或泄漏问题。如果使用预编码模式，则传输“波束”且并不重叠。在MIMO模式中，利用“波束”的多个组合。
不同于其中将预编码权重(例如，预编码矩阵的行)直接应用于不同传输天线的标准预编码，根据一些实施例，将预编码系数应用于波束。基于信道知识，此方法可允许波束的任意线性组合构造于虚拟扇区内。因此，假所述设区足够宽以捕获对应于特定用户装置的大多数信道能量，则可在虚拟扇区上实现高预编码效率。
此方法还可确保线性组合与其它虚拟扇区内的波束的线性组合为准正交的。因此，可在将相互(扇区内)干扰保持为低时将不同虚拟扇区中的相同资源指派给用户装置。
在其它实施例中，根据平均空间协方差矩阵来界定虚拟扇区且利用为每一区所界定的平均协方差矩阵来产生所述区的预编码矩阵作为矩阵的(伪)随机实现。通过选择不同区的准正交平均协方差矩阵，可在将不同虚拟扇区上的相同资源指派给用户装置时实现低电平的小区内干扰。
将特定用户装置置于利用波束和预编码权重组合的模式中的决定可基于将相同资源调度到一不同虚拟扇区上的另一用户装置且可由接入点作出此确定。所述确定可基于由用户装置报告的用于所要预编码矩阵的信道质量。确定还可(尤其)基于一旦在SDMA模式中可引起扇区内干扰的相对于其它虚拟扇区的信道强度。
对于并未经调度以使用波束与预编码权重组合的用户装置来说，可在包括整个扇区的虚拟扇区上执行预编码。在此实施例中，可相对于传输天线来界定预编码矩阵(典型方法)或相对于波束来界定预编码矩阵。
应注意，波束空间预编码可有益于支持SDMA，因为其给出限制被调度不同虚拟扇区上的相同资源的用户之间的干扰的固有方式。相对于传输天线的预编码允许界定一类预编码矩阵以使得对于任一预编码矩阵来说，每一天线传输相同功率量。此在热限制环境(例如，大的小区，受限链路预算)中为有益的，其中可能希望以最大功率电平传输。在一些实施例中，传输天线的空间中的预编码用于非SDMA用户装置。并且，在一些实施例中，可能不存在应用于广播传输的预编码和/或SDMA。
图5说明根据多个实施例的系统500的功能区块。这些功能区块表示由处理器、软件或其组合(例如，固件)实施的功能。包括彼此介接的波束产生器502、指派器504、调度器506和通信器508。虽然展示了四个功能区块，但可存在较多或较少功能区块且可根据本文所呈现的多个实施例组合或分离一些功能区块。
波束产生器502可经配置以用一个或一个以上向量和/或一个或一个以上向量组合或集合来预处理信号。举例来说，波束产生器502可产生具有覆盖区域的第一向量或向量集合。波束产生器502可进一步产生具有与第一向量或向量集合的覆盖区域大体上不同或稍微不同的覆盖区域的第二(第三、第四等)向量或向量集合。以此方式，所产生的向量或向量集合不应重叠且可为正交的。在其它实施例中，第二向量(或向量集合)可具有与第一向量(或向量集合)相同的覆盖区域。
指派器504可经配置以指派一个或一个以上用户装置到第一波束或波束集合。指派器504可与码本相关联，所述码本含有接入终端可自其选择的向量的预定集合。码本中的每一项可对应于一类型的向量。因此，指派器504可将用户偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联。举例来说，一个项可为对应于预编码的向量。另一项可对应于用于MIMO预编码的两个向量，其中矩阵中的每一列可为一向量。又一项可为矩阵的集合，每一集合对应于一个SDMA群集。应通过在发射器或接入点处具有充分分离的波束来分离SDMA用户。如果两个用户重叠，则其仅应在其从不同群集获取波束的情况下重叠。举例来说，如果两个用户想要从一个群集传输，则将一个或两个用户发送到码本中的不同项，且SDMA并不用于这些用户。
可利用预编码技术来将特定波束(或波束集合)关联到特定用户装置。指派器504可进一步经配置以指派第二(第三、第四等)用户装置到第二(第三、第四等)波束或波束集合，其可考虑空间处理技术。在其它实施例中，指派器504可在仅将利用预编码的情况下指派第一用户装置到第二(和随后)波束或波束集合。根据一些实施例，指派器504可确定用户的信道特征。
调度器506可经配置以基于空分多址(SDMA)、多输入多输出(MIMO)和/或机会性波束成形调度技术调度用户装置的通信或调度用户装置的通信到一传输模式(例如，预编码、SDMA、SDMA预编码、MIMO、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA、分集)。应优化此调度以增强无线通信环境中的性能。调度器506可选择要应用的一个或一个以上传输模式。选择可对应于码本中的所述项或多项。
通信器508(或发射器/接收器)可经配置以从每一用户装置接收关于波束或波束集合偏好的信息。举例来说，通信器508可接收用于传输模式的用户偏好。通信器508还可经配置以传输所选定的所述模式或多个模式的识别符。以此方式，通信器508可与其它功能区块介接以定位可共享共同接入点的资源的两个或两个以上用户装置。
图6A说明用于增强无线通信环境中的性能的方法。所述方法600始于602，其中基于由用户移动装置所确定的多个准则来接收用户偏好。所述用户偏好可包含用于识别模式的偏好、多个模式连同用于一些或所有模式的相关CQI、用于一个或一个以上模式的CQI之间的差异、CQI，或能够用于确定此偏好的其它信息。
在604处，读取码本以确定哪些模式和特殊向量、或多个向量、或矩阵或多个矩阵对应于用户偏好(例如，对应于包括在用户偏好中的量化指数)。可通过将所接收的偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联来执行码本的读取。在606处，可利用所述特定向量、或多个向量、或矩阵或多个矩阵来将用户指派到特定空间处理模式或传输模式。特定传输模式可对应于码本中的对应于用户偏好的所述项或多个项。
将码本中的项关联到特定空间处理模式可采取许多形式。应理解，以下论述仅出于举例的目的且并非用于限制。举例来说，一项集合可对应于预编码，其可用于在视线操作中的多个用户。为了界定所述多个用户，界定波束操控向量且其可用于视线用户。
另一项集合可为波束操控向量的线性组合。可将这些波束操控向量指向扇区中的某一方向。因此，并非每一用户都将处于视线内且都可利用这些波束操控向量的线性组合。码本中的另一项集合可对应于这些线性组合，例如，一包括任何数目(2、3、4等)个组合的组合集合。应注意，第一项集合可称为“波束”且下一项集合可为波束的线性组合。接入点可使用这些预界定波束。
根据MIMO，可界定一项集合，其中每一项包括两个、三个、四个、五个等向量。矩阵的每一列可为波束的线性组合。用以区分所述列的装置可确定线性组合的列之间的差异。举例来说，列1为波束1、2和3的线性组合且列2为波束2、5和6的线性组合。第三项集合可为矩阵，其中每一列可为波束的线性组合。
对于SDMA实例来说，可将经界定的第一波束集合指向扇区中的某一方向。为了执行对波束的分组，举例来说，可将所有波束指向30度角。可将一个扇区划分为两个或两个以上虚拟扇区，其中将虚拟扇区内的所有波束分为一组且独立于第一组将另一虚拟扇区内的所有波束分为一组。这些波束基本上基于其所指向的方向成群集。因此，如果两个用户偏好独立群集中的波束，且用户1偏好群集1中的波束且用户2偏好群集2中的波束，则SDMA可用于用户1和用户2。允许这些波束重叠。使用SDMA进行预编码可被描述为其中将用户指派到作为群集中波束的线性组合的波束的模式。
图6B说明用于增强无线通信环境中的性能的系统。用于解释用户偏好的装置610与装置612耦合，装置612用于读取码本以确定什么模式和特定向量、或多个向量、或矩阵或多个矩阵对应于用户偏好(例如，对应于包括在用户偏好中的量化指数)。可通过将所接收的偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联来执行码本的读取。装置612耦合到装置614以便利用特定向量、或多个向量、或矩阵或多个矩阵来将用户指派到来自码本的特定空间处理模式或传输模式。
图7A说明根据本文所呈现的多个实施例的用于确定和报告模式或传输技术的用户偏好的方法700。根据所述方法，在框702处，确定用于用户的一个或一个以上信道特征。信道特征可为用户可用的用于每一、一些或所有传输技术或模式的一个或一个以上CQI和其组合。这些模式包括SDMA、SDMA预编码、预编码、MIMO-SDMA、MIMO预编码、分集模式和/或其类似模式。此外，信道特征可包括传输功率偏移、信号强度、其它扇区干扰信息，和/或其它信道信息准则。
在框704处，作出应用哪一模式的确定。举例来说，所述确定可基于信道特征。在选择模式之后，在706处传输包括模式的识别符。
如上所述，模式包括SDMA、SDMA预编码、预编码、MIMO-SDMA、MIMO预编码和/或其类似模式。为了选择是否使用SDMA、SDMA预编码、预编码、MIMO-SDMA、MIMO预编码、分集模式和/或其类似模式，应将某些信息提供到基站或发射器。此信息应不仅传送选择且传送关于利用哪些预编码权重或波束和预编码权重的信息。用户或用户装置在其信道信息的报告中可包括以下度量中的一者或全部，其接着可用于决定使用哪一方法与在所述方法中利用哪一线性组合。可利用和报告的度量包括用于预编码的CQI、用于SDMA的CQI，和/或用于分集模式的CQI。可以组合的任何集合或彼此排斥的方式报告这些度量。
用于预编码度量的CQI在将用户调度于某一波束(或MIMO的情况下的矩阵)上的情况下捕获信道质量(例如，SINR)。通常，报告对应于最佳波束的CQI连同最佳波束的指数。为第二最佳波束、第三最佳波束等反馈预编码CQI(和指数)可为有益的。
在使用SDMA调度用户的情况下，用于SDMA度量的CQI捕获信道质量(例如，SINR)。在假设将用户调度于最佳波束上的情况下计算信号功率。通常，干扰为两个量的总和。第一量为热干扰与小区间干扰的总和。第二量对应于归因于调度于不同群集中的波束中的一者上的用户的干扰。可存在计算此的许多方法且将描述两个非限制性实施例(对不利波束求平均和单个干扰波束)。
在对不利波束求平均的模式中，估计归因于联合SDMA(co-SDMA)的干扰。此估计假设可将用户调度于一不同群集内的波束中的任一者上且假设将用户调度到空间群集中。由另一群集产生的干扰量为由属于所述群集的波束所形成的干扰的平均。因此，总干扰为归因于其它群集的干扰的总和。
在单个干扰波束模式中，SDMA用户假设将特定波束指派到干扰SDMA群集中的用户。因此，干扰仅是来自此一个波束的干扰。经由利用所描述的或其它计算，用户终端具有信号和干扰已经计算的可用信道信息。如果利用单个干扰波束模式，则可将此连同最佳(信令)波束的指数和干扰波束的指数一起反馈。
另一度量为用于分集模式传输的CQI。此度量在既不使用预编码也不使用SDMA来调度用户的情况下捕获信道质量。此度量允许系统提供用于给定用户的最小电平的性能。此处的构思为：仅在预编码/SDMA CQI大于分集模式CQI的情况下使用预编码/SDMA。应注意，此CQI报告含有分集模式信息的信道的质量。
图7B说明根据本发明的多个实施例中的用于确定和报告模式或传输技术的用户偏好的系统。将用于确定一个或一个以上信道特征的装置710耦合到用于基于所述一个或一个以上信道特征从码本确定要应用的模式的装置712。信道特征可为用户可用的用于每一、一些或所有传输技术或模式的一个或一个以上CQI和其组合。这些模式包括SDMA、SDMA预编码、预编码、MIMO-SDMA、MIMO预编码、分集模式和/或其类似模式。此外，信道特征可包括传输功率偏移、信号强度、其它扇区干扰信息，和/或其它信道信息准则。装置712耦合到用于产生随后可传输到接入点的模式识别符的装置714。
图8说明根据本文所呈现的一个或一个以上实施例的利用所揭示的技术来增加无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统800。所属领域的技术人员将了解，系统800可驻留于基站中和/或用户装置中。系统800包括接收器802，所述接收器802从(例如)一个或一个以上接收天线接收信号，且在其上对所接收的信号执行典型的操作(例如，滤波、放大、下变频......)且数字化所调节的信号以获得样本。解调器804可解调所接收的导频符号且将所接收的导频符号提供到处理器806以用于信道估计。
处理器806可为专用于分析由接收器802所接收的信息和/或产生用于由发射器814传输的信息的处理器。处理器806可为控制用户装置800的一个或一个以上组件的处理器，和/或分析由接收器802接收的信息、产生用于由发射器814传输的信息且控制用户装置800的一个或一个以上组件的处理器。处理器806可经配置以从码本选择多个传输模式中的一传输模式。用户装置800可包括协调波束指派的优化器808。可将优化器808并入处理器806中。应了解，优化器808可包括用以结合将用户装置指派到波束而执行基于效用的分析的优化代码。优化代码可利用结合执行干扰的基于人工智能的方法和/或结合优化用户装置波束指派的概率性确定和/或基于统计的确定。
用户装置800可额外地包含存储器810，其可操作地耦合到处理器806且存储与波束图案信息相关的信息、包含与其相关的信息的查找表，和与本文所描述的波束成形相关的其它适当信息。存储器810可额外地存储与产生查找表等相关联的协议以使得用户装置800可采用所存储的协议和/或算法来增加系统容量。应了解，本文所描述的数据存储装置(例如，存储器)组件可为易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性与非易失性存储器。为了说明且并非用于限制，非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除ROM(EEPROM)或快闪存储器。易失性存储器可包括充当外部高速缓存存储器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。为了说明且并非用于限制，RAM可以许多形式存在，例如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双倍数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接伦巴斯RAM(Rambus RAM，DRRAM)。本系统和方法的存储器810希望包含(但不限于)这些和其它适当类型的存储器。处理器806连接到符号调制器812和传输经调制的信号的发射器814。
图9说明根据多个实施例的利用预编码和SDMA来增加无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统。系统900包含具有接收器910的基站902，所述接收器910通过一个或一个以上接收天线906从一个或一个以上用户装置904接收信号，且通过多个传输天线908传输到一个或一个以上用户装置904。在一个或一个以上实施例中，可使用单个天线集合来建构接收天线906和传输天线908。接收器910可从接收天线906接收信息且可操作地与解调所接收的信息的解调器912相关联。如所属领域的技术人员将了解，接收器910可为(例如)耙式接收器(例如，使用多个基带相关器来个别地处理多路径信号组份的技术......)、基于MMSE的接收器，或用于分离出指派到其的用户装置的某些其它适当接收器。根据多个方面，可采用多个接收器(例如，每一接收天线一个接收器)，且所述接收器可互相通信以提供用户数据的改进估计。由处理器914分析经解调的符号，所述处理器914类似于上文参考图8所描述的处理器且耦合到存储器916，所述存储器916存储与用户装置指派相关的信息、与其相关的查找表等。可由接收器910和/或处理器914共同处理用于每一天线的接收器输出。调制器918可多路复用由发射器920通过传输天线908传输到用户装置904的信号。
基站902进一步包含指派器922，其可为不同于处理器914或集成到处理器914的处理器，且其可评估由基站904所服务的扇区中的所有用户装置的集区，且可至少部分地基于个别用户装置的位置、预编码方案，或资源共享方案来将用户装置指派到波束。
图10说明根据本文所提供的多个实施例的多址无线通信系统1000中的发射器和接收器。为了简明起见，无线通信系统1000描绘一个基站和一个用户装置。然而，应了解，系统可包括一个以上基站和/或一个以上用户装置，其中额外的基站和/或用户装置可大体上类似于或不同于下文所描述的例示性基站和用户装置。此外，应了解，基站和/或用户装置可采用本文所描述的系统和/或方法来促进其间的无线通信。
在发射器系统1010处，将用于若干数据流的业务数据从数据源1012提供到传输(TX)数据处理器1014。在一些实施例中，在各自的传输天线上传输每一数据流。TX数据处理器1014基于经选择的用于所述数据流的特定编码方案来格式化、编码且交错用于每一数据流的业务数据以提供编码数据。在一些实施例中，TX数据处理器1014基于符号传输到的用户和从其传输符号的天线将波束成形权重应用到数据流的符号。在一些实施例中，可基于指示接入点与接入终端之间的传输路径的条件的信道响应信息来产生波束成形权重。可利用CQI信息或由用户提供的信道估计来产生信道响应信息。此外，在所调度的传输的那些情况下，TX数据处理器1014可基于从用户传输的等级信息来选择包格式。
可使用OFDM技术来用导频数据多路复用每一数据流的经编码的数据。导频数据通常为已知的数据图案，所述数据图案以已知方式处理且可用于接收器系统处以估计信道响应。接着，基于所选定的用于所述数据流的特定调制方案(例如，BPSK、QSPK、M-PSK或M-QAM)来调制(例如，符号映射)每一数据流的经多路复用的导频数据和经编码的数据以提供调制符号。可由处理器1030所执行或提供的指令来确定每一数据流的数据速率、编码和调制。在一些实施例中，可根据从用户传输的等级信息来改变平行空间流的数目。
将数据流的调制符号提供到TX MIMO处理器1020，其可进一步处理调制符号(例如，用于OFDM)。TX MIMO处理器1020将NT符号流提供到NT发射器(TMTR)1022a到1022t。在一些实施例中，TX MIMO处理器1020基于符号传输到的用户和从其传输来自用户信道响应信息的符号的天线来将波束成形权重应用到数据流的符号。
每一发射器1022接收和处理各自的符号流以提供一个或一个以上模拟信号，且进一步调节(例如，放大、滤波和上变频)模拟信号以提供适用于在MIMO信道上传输的经调制的信号。分别从NT天线1024a到1024t传输来自发射器1022a到1022t的NT调制信号。
在接收器系统1050处，由NR天线1052a到1052r接收经传输的调制信号且将来自每一天线1052的所接收的信号提供到各自的接收器(RCVR)1054。每一接收器1054调节(例如，滤波、放大和下变频)各自的接收信号，数字化经调节的信号以提供样本，且进一步处理所述样本以提供对应的“接收”符号流。
RX数据处理器1060随后基于特定的接收器处理技术接收和处理来自NR接收器1054的NR接收符号流以提供“检测”符号流的等级数目。下面更详细描述由RX数据处理器1060进行的处理。每一检测符号流包括作为针对对应数据流传输的调制符号的估计的符号。RX数据处理器1060随后解调、解交错和解码每一检测符号流以恢复数据流的业务数据。由RX数据处理器1060进行的处理与发射器系统1010处TX MIMO处理器1020和TX数据处理器1014所执行的处理互补。
由RX处理器1060所产生的信道响应估计可用以执行接收器处的空间、空间/时间处理，调整功率电平，改变调制速率或方案，或其它操作。RX处理器1060可进一步估计检测符号流的信号对噪声和干扰比(SNR)，和可能的其它信道特征，且将这些量提供到处理器1070。RX数据处理器1060或处理器1070可进一步导出用于系统的“有效”SNR的估计。处理器1070随后提供经估计的信道信息(CSI)，其可包含关于通信链路和/或所接收的数据流的各种类型的信息。举例来说，CSI可仅包含操作SNR。随后由也从数据源1076接收用于若干个数据流的业务数据的TX数据处理器1038处理CSI，由调制器1080调制CSI，由发射器1054a到1054r调节CSI，且传输回发射器系统1010。
在发射器系统1010处，来自接收器系统1050的经调制的信号由天线1024接收，由接收器1022调节，由解调器1040解调，且由RX数据处理器1042处理以恢复接收器系统所报告的CSI。随后将所报告的CSI提供到处理器1030且用于：(1)确定待用于数据流的数据速率及编码和调制方案，和(2)产生用于TX数据处理器1014和TX MIMO处理器1020的各种控制。
在接收器处，各种处理技术可用于处理NR接收信号以检测NT传输符号流。可将这些接收器处理技术分组为两个主要种类：(i)空间和空间-时间接收器处理技术(其还称为均衡技术)；和(ii)“连续零值/均衡和干扰消除”接收器处理技术(其还称为“连续干扰消除”或“连续消除”接收器处理技术)。
可将由NT传输天线和NR接收天线形成的MIMO信道分解为NS个独立信道，其中NS≤min{NT，NR}。NS个独立信道中的每一者也可称为MIMO信道的空间子信道(或传输信道)且对应于一维度。
应理解，本文所描述的实施例可由硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微码，或其任何组合来实施。对于硬件实施方案来说，接入点或接入终端内的处理单元可实施于一个或一个以上专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理装置(DSPD)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控器、微处理器、经设计以执行本文所述功能的其它电子单元或其组合。
当以软件、固件、中间件或微代码、程序代码或代码段实施实施例时，软件、固件、中间件或微代、程序代或代段可存储于机器可读媒体(例如存储器组件)中。代段可表示程序、函数、子程序、程序、例行程序、子例行程序、模块、软件封装、类别，或指令、数据结构或程序语句的任何组合。可通过传递和/或接收信息、数据、自变量、参数或存储器内容来将代段耦合到另一代段或硬件电路。使用包括存储器共享、消息传递、令牌传递、网络传输等的任何适当方法来传递、转发或传输信息、自变量、参数、数据等。
对于软件实施方案来说，可利用执行本文所述功能的模块(例如，程序、函数等)来实施本文所述技术。软件代码可存储于存储器单元中且由处理器来执行。存储器单元可建构于处理器内部或处理器外部，在处于处理器外部的情况下，存储器单元可经由如此项技术中已知的各种方法以通信方式耦合到处理器。
上文已描述的内容包括一个或一个以上实施例的实例以使得所属领域的技术人员能够进行或使用本文所揭示的特征、功能、操作和实施例。当然，出于描述前述实施例的目的不能描述组件或方法的每一可想象的组合，但所属领域的技术人员可认识到多个实施例的许多其它组合和排列为可行的。因此，所描述的实施例希望包含属于所附权利要求书的精神和范围的所有此些替代、修改和变化。此外，就用于实施方式或权利要求书中的术语“包括”来说，此术语希望以与术语“包含”类似的方式为包括界限的(inclusive)，因为在权利要求中“包含”在使用时被解释成过渡词汇。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于增强无线通信环境中的性能的方法，其包含：
接收对于传输模式的用户偏好；
将所述用户偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联；和
将所述用户指派到对应于所述一项或多项的传输模式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，将所述用户偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联包含读取码本以确定对应于所述用户偏好的模式和至少一个向量或至少一个矩阵。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述码本包括用于传输模式的项，所述传输模式包括：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中每一项对应于一传输模式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述接收的用户偏好包含以下各者中的至少一者：识别所述模式的偏好、信道质量指示符(CQI)、多个模式连同用于所述多个模式中的至少一者的相关CQI，和用于至少所述模式的所述CQI之间的差异。
6.一种确定传输模式的用户的偏好的方法，其包含：
确定用户的信道特征；
从码本选择要应用的一传输模式或多个传输模式；和
传输选定的所述模式或多个模式的识别符。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，确定用户的信道特征包含通过利用CQI、功率偏移、信号强度和其它扇区干扰信息来确定。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述码本包括用于传输模式的项，所述传输模式包括：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO-SDMA)、MIMO预编码和分集。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，所述信道信息包含至少一个度量，所述度量用于选择要应用的所述传输模式或多个传输模式。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，所述度量包含以下各者中的至少一者：用于预编码的CQI、用于SMDA的CQI，和用于分集模式的CQI。
11.一种无线通信装置，其包含：
处理器，其经配置以从码本选择多个传输模式中的一传输模式；和
存储器，其与所述处理器耦合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的无线通信装置，其中所述码本包括用于传输模式的项，所述传输模式包括：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。
13.根据权利要求11所述的无线通信装置，其中所述码本中的每一项对应于一传输模式。
14.根据权利要求11所述的无线通信装置，所述处理器在所述装置于不同基站间移动时自动地接入一不同码本。
15.根据权利要求11所述的无线通信装置，所述处理器在装置于不同基站间移动时接收一从中选择一传输模式的不同码本。
16.一种无线通信装置，其包含：
用于处理接收的对于传输模式的用户偏好的装置；
用于将所述偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联的装置；和
用于将所述用户指派到对应于所述一项或多项的传输模式的装置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的无线通信装置，其中所述码本包括用于传输模式的项，所述传输模式包括：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。
18.根据权利要求16所述的无线通信装置，其中每一项对应于一传输模式。
19.一种无线通信装置，其包含：
用于确定用户的信道特征的装置；
用于从码本选择要应用的一传输模式或多个传输模式的装置；和
用于传输选定的所述模式或多个模式的识别符的装置。
20.根据权利要求19所述的无线通信装置，其中用于确定用户的信道特征的装置包含通过利用CQI、功率偏移、信号强度和其它扇区干扰信息来确定。
21.根据权利要求19所述的无线通信装置，其中所述码本包括用于传输模式的项，所述传输模式包括：预编码、空分多址(SDMA)、SDMA预编码、多输入多输出(MIMO)、MIMO预编码、MIMO-SDMA和分集。
22.一种计算机可读媒体，其包括存储于其上的指令，所述指令包含：
用于处理接收的对于传输模式的用户偏好的指令；
用于将所述用户偏好与码本中的一项或多项相关联的指令；和
用于将所述用户指派到对应于所述一项或多项的传输模式的指令。
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