TW284920B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- TW284920B TW284920B TW085100624A TW85100624A TW284920B TW 284920 B TW284920 B TW 284920B TW 085100624 A TW085100624 A TW 085100624A TW 85100624 A TW85100624 A TW 85100624A TW 284920 B TW284920 B TW 284920B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- metal wire
- silicon carbide
- amorphous silicon
- patent application
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001912 gas jet deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- -1 methyl pyrolysis Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/5329—Insulating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/3011—Impedance
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
Description
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ______B7 五、發明説明(,) 本發明係在多層金屬積體電路及配線板設計上使用非晶 態碳化矽(a-SiC)膜作爲擴散障壁。非晶態碳化矽之作用爲 終止金屬原子在相連導電體間遷移,該導電體爲電迴路中 裝置内接點。由非晶態碳化矽擴散障壁加至迴路之可靠性 使得低電阻率導電體及低介電常數物質可用作導體間絕緣 介質低電阻率導電體、非晶態碳化矽擴散障壁及低介電常 數絕緣物之組合亦極小化迴路之電阻抗。迴路因此可在低 至高頻率有效率地操作。 >工氏等於”銅金屬化介電障壁研究"(於丨"4年6月7_8日之 VMIC研討會)中討論了銅擴散至氮化矽、氮氧化矽及氧化 矽介電質。此文獻説明了氮化矽及氮氧化矽較氧化矽爲更 佳金屬遷移障壁。然而該文獻並未討論使用碳化矽作障壁 〇 美國專利號5,1〇3,285相似地指出於矽基質及金屬線層間 使用碳化矽作爲障壁層。然而該專利並未指出於金屬線及 相連介電層間使用碳化矽作擴散障壁層。 吾人於今發現碳化矽可形成優異障壁層,出乎預料地可 避免低電阻率金屬導體擴散至介電層。 本發明一重要部份爲提供具較铤操作速度及較高可靠度 之較佳積體電路。迴路含裝至半導體所製基質中之固^^ 置久組件。次組件内裝置以由高導電性低電阻金屬所製金 屬線連線。非晶態碳化矽擴散障壁層至少會形成在金屬線 上。介電層而後形成在碳化矽層上。 本發明基於吾人出乎預料地發現非晶態碳化矽瓦終止金 ___ -4- 適用Τϋ家標準(CNS ) A4規格了21〇>< 297公着). 1------、訂------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 B7 284920 五、發明説明(2 ) 屬」^裝置内接點間遷^移〇此進展使得積體 電路製造商1)能使用高導電性低電阻金屬(例如:銅、銀、 金、合金、超導體)做爲内接點物質;及2)能使用很低介 電常數物質做爲金屬線間絕緣層。若無非晶態碳化矽存在 ,使用高導電性金屬及低介電常數絕緣層之組合會遭逢可 靠度問題,如金屬遷移及腐蚀。 用於本發明方法之積體電路次組件不是絕對重要的且幾 乎任何在此皆有用。用以生產該迴路之方法亦爲習知且對 本發明不是絕對重要的。該等迴路例爲包括其上具長成外 延層之半導體基質(例如:矽、珅化鎵等)。此外延層適當 地摻雜以形成PN-結區域,其包括迴路有效固態裝置區域 。這些有效裝置區域當適當地以金屬線層互相連接時,爲 形成積體電路之二極體及電晶體。 圖1爲本發明裝置之剖面圖。圖1描繪了該迴路次组件 (1)具裝置區域(2)及内接至該裝置之薄膜金屬線(3)。 習知積體電路次组件内金屬線層一般爲鋁薄膜。藉使用 本發明,這些薄膜可由高導電性金屬而非鋁製成。此處所 謂高導電性金屬爲在20°C具電阻率低於2.5微歐姆-厘米者 。此包括銅、銀、金、合金及超導體。 技藝中習知澱積該高導電性金屬層之方法。所用特定方 法不是絕對重要的。該方法例包括多種物理氣相澱積 (PVD)技術,如濺射及電子束蒸發。 依本發明,碳化秒層爲施用於金屬線層。一般言之,此 乃藉覆蔽迴路次組件之所有上表面,當然包括金屬線,而 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) I----^-----批衣------ΐτ------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 加以芫成。此如示於圖1爲塗層(4)。然而另一方面,如藉 罩幕只在線上選擇性施用碳化矽或覆蔽所有表面而後蝕刻 不需要碳化硬之範圍皆是可以預期的。 施用碳化矽層之方法對本發明言不是絕對重要的且技藝 中習知甚多。施用方法例包括多種化學氣相澱積技術,如 習知化學氣相澱積、電漿加強化學氣相澱積(PECVD)、電 子遊旋共振(ECR)、噴射氣相澱積及多種物理氣相澱積技 術,如濺射及電子束蒸發。這些方法牵涉到不是加入能量 (以熱、電漿等型態)以蒸發物質而造成所欲反應就是集中 能量在物質固態樣品上使其澱積。 習知化學氣相澱積中,乃藉將所欲先質氣體流經加熱基 質而澱積塗層。當先質氣體接觸熱表面即起反應而澱積塗 層。依先質不同及所欲塗層厚度而定,在1〇〇_1〇〇(rc之範 園内之基質溫度在數分鐘至數小時内足以形成這些塗層。 若需要’反應性金屬可用於該方法以輔助澱積。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 在電槳加強化學氣相殿積(PECVD)中,將所欲先質氣體 冼經電漿域而反應。因此形成之反應物質而後集中完全黏 固至基質上。一般言之,本發明在化學氣相澱積上之優點 爲可用較低之基質溫度。例如,’基質溫度在5〇。〇至6〇〇。〇 即有作用。 用於該方法之電漿包含多種來源(如電子放電 '在收音 機頻率或微波範圍之電磁場、雷射或粒子束)所得能量。 在大邵份電漿澱積方法中一般較優者爲使用在中等功率密 度(0.1-5瓦特/平方公分之收音機頻率(1〇千赫茲至1〇2百 -6 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4ϋΓ^丨〇><297公餐7 經濟部中央標準扃員工消費合作社印製 A7 ^_ _B7 — - 五、發明説明(4 ) 赫茲)或微波(0.1-10十億赫茲)能量。然而特定頻率、功率 及壓力一般皆依先質氣體及所用設備而釐定。 適供用於這些方法之先質氣體例包括:(1)在具一至六個 碳原子之烷類(如甲烷、乙烷或丙烷)存在下矽烷或卣秒燒( 如三氣矽烷)混合物;(2)统基矽烷,如甲基碎燒、二甲基 碎燒及三甲基碎燒;或(3)如述於美國專利號5〇11 7〇6之 矽環丁烷或二矽環丁烷。 本發明特優者爲電漿加強化學氣相澱積三甲基碎燒。 在碳化梦澱積後,介電層而後施用於碳化砂·層上。此爲 圖1中習知之層間介電層(5)。此特定介電層及其殿積方法 對本發明言不是絕對重要的。然而使用本發明方法能使用 低介電常數(DK)層。此處所謂低介電常數層爲其介電常數 低於3.5者。 合適介電質例包括氧化矽、氮化矽、氮氧化矽、碳化碎 、碳氧化矽、氮碳化矽、如矽酮之有機物.、聚亞酿胺 環 氧或派拉林(PARYLENE™,商標名)。多於—層之這此介 電質明顯亦可用之。 施用這些塗層之技術亦爲技藝中習知。他們包括旋覆方 法、習知化學氣相澱積、光化學氣相澱積、電衆加強化學 氣氣相澱積(PECVD)、電子迴旋共振(ECR)、嘴射氣相殿 積及多種物理氣相澱積技術,如濺射及電子束蒸發。 本發明較優方法包括施用氫碘矽氧烷樹脂,其具梦構元 HSl(〇H)X(OR)y〇J2 ’其中每一 R獨立爲有機基,當^經^ 原子鍵結至矽酮時形成可水解取代基,X爲0-2,y爲〇 2,2 本紙張尺度適用巾國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格〇χ 297公羡) 111 I I I I 訂 I n 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(5 爲1-3’且x + y + 2; = 3。這些樹脂可完全濃縮(x = 〇, y = 〇 且z = 3)或其可只部份水解(在所有聚合元中,y不等於〇)及 /或部份濃縮(在所有聚合元中,x不等於〇)。雖然不以此結 構表示’因在形成及處理中牵涉到許多因素,這些樹脂之 許多單元可能具零或多於一之矽-氫键。 這些樹脂例爲由美國專利號3,615,272、美國專利號 5,010,159、美國專利號4,91 29,397及美國專利號5,063,267之 方法所形成者。這些樹脂以旋覆方法使用,而後加熱使其 轉化成陶瓷。 若要用多層裝置,則可在介電層上形成另一層金屬線, 而後以蝕透介電層及碳化矽層使層間内接。圖1顯示該第 二金屬線層(7)經内接點(6)與第一線層選擇區域内接。然 而又若線爲高導電性物質,則在介電質及金屬間需再澱積 一碳化矽層(8)以避免金屬擴散至介電質。此碳化矽層可 如上述形成。在該情況下,金屬線夾於碳化矽層間。此方 法可在迴路中不同金屬層重覆許多次。例如圖1,顯示第 二介電層(9)、被第三碳化矽層(11)保護之第三線層(10)。 吾人應注意到,具低介電常數(即介電常數<5)之碳化妙 可取代介電層(即圖1中之層5及9)。在此實例中,只需如 前述在金屬線層上成碳化矽層,而後在碳化矽上形成另— 金屬層。 吾人亦應注意到,本發明技術可應用至配線板,於其上 裝置上述迴路。在這些配線板上金屬線及介電層之結構可 與如上述相同。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝.
.1T 1 2 本紙張尺度通用宁國國冢標準(0\5)八4«^(2丨0'乂297公釐
Claims (1)
- 、申請專利範圍 • ~種積體電路,其包括: A) 電路次組件,其包括具固態裝置區域之半導體基 材,及澱積於該半導體基材表面上而連接至固態裝置區 域之金屬線,該金屬線具電阻率低於2 5微歐姆_厘米; B) 至少覆蓋金屬線之非晶態唆化碎層; c) 至少覆蓋碳化矽層之介電層。 2·根據申請專利範圍第i項之積體電路,其中該非晶態碳化 矽係覆蓋金屬線及含装置區域之電路次組件表面。 3根據申請專利範圍第i項之積體電路,其進一步包括覆蓋 介電層之第二個非晶態碳化矽層。 4·根據申請專利範圍第3項之積體電路,其進—步包括形成 於第二個非晶態碳化矽層上之第二個金屬線層,其中第 二個金屬線層係電連接至第一個金屬線層。 5_ —種配線板,其包括: A) 配線板次組件,於其上包含具電阻率低於25微 歐姆-厘米之金屬線; B) 覆蓋金屬線之非晶態碳化矽層; c) 覆蓋碳化矽層之介電層。 ---------裝------訂 線 島 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(21〇χ297公釐
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-
1995
- 1995-02-02 US US08/382,701 patent/US5818071A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1996
- 1996-01-24 TW TW085100624A patent/TW284920B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-25 DE DE69633150T patent/DE69633150T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-25 EP EP96300522A patent/EP0725440B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-29 JP JP01242996A patent/JP3731932B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-02 KR KR1019960002496A patent/KR100402187B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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DE69633150D1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
EP0725440B1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
KR960032640A (ko) | 1996-09-17 |
DE69633150T2 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
EP0725440A3 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
JPH08250594A (ja) | 1996-09-27 |
KR100402187B1 (ko) | 2004-02-11 |
JP3731932B2 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
US5818071A (en) | 1998-10-06 |
EP0725440A2 (en) | 1996-08-07 |
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