TW213860B - - Google Patents
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- TW213860B TW213860B TW080102417A TW80102417A TW213860B TW 213860 B TW213860 B TW 213860B TW 080102417 A TW080102417 A TW 080102417A TW 80102417 A TW80102417 A TW 80102417A TW 213860 B TW213860 B TW 213860B
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Classifications
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- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
213860 A6 B6 五、發明説明(1 ) 一 發明:之範園 本發明係有吼吸收性裂合组合物.,-此等组合物與例如水 或身殖滲出物等液髏接觸時會膨脹及吸收此等液鳢。詳言 之,本發明係關於聚合妞合物,該等组合物係例如片,膜 ,或條之巨结搆物。此等吸收性聚合巨結構物係多孔性以 利於液髖滲透性。此等多孔吸收性聚合巨結構物以其本身 或呈吸收性物品諸如尿布,成人失禁用鲞,衡生棉等均屬 有用。本發明亦係闞於製造此種多孔吸收性聚合巨結構物 之方法。 發明之背景 散式吸收性聚合組合物係能吸枚例如水及身禮滲出物之 大量液禮及更能在相當之签力下保持此種經吸收之液禮。 此種聚合组合物之此等吸收特性使其於與吸收性物品如尿 布併合時特別有用。舉例而言,於1972年6月13日頒授 予哈潑莩人(Harper et al )之美國第3,699,103號專 利案’及19*72年6月20日授予哈蒙(Harmon )之美國第 3,670,731號專利案,兩老均揭示散式吸收性聚合组合物 (亦稱作水凝疹類,超吸收性或水疹髏物料類)於吸收性 物品中之用途。 但習用之散式吸收性聚合组合物有其限度,卽該等粒子 係不固定式及在處理及(或)使用中會自由移動。於加工 處理中粒子之移動可導致於製造作業中材料處理之損失, 以及在使用粒子將其併入結構物時之不均句性,但當此等 散式物料在膨脹中或膨脹後移動則將產生更嚴重之問題。
ί請先閑讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) .裝· .打· •線· 213860 A6 B6 五、發明说明(2 ) · 此種移動性V〔由於缺乏穩定之粒子間毛細管或液禮输送通 逭,而導致對液.禮流遇物料之高阻力。此項現象係一般稱 作「疹祅阻塞」之一種形式。 為克服彼等在吸收性物品中使用時,與粒子移動相關之 性能限制之一項嚐轼,係將散式嘎收性聚合组合物併入織 物層合《内(分層之吸收性搆件)。藉將粒子包封於織物 層疋間,使在一吸收性搆件内之整技粒子移動性會被減少 。但於與液殖接觸時,在層合髖内之粒子常會彼此相對自 由移動,導致任何先存在之粒子間毛細管通逭之破埭。 另一經試用之解決法為利用加入大量液態多羥基化合物 ,使作用為一種黏着劑以將粒子固持於一起或固着於一基 質,而使散式吸收性软合纽合物不移動。此項技術之一贲 例揭示於1983年丨〇月丨8日授予柯柏是(K〇rpman)之美國 第4,4 10,57 1號專利案。雖然此方法在膨脹前及在膨脹中 有某種程度對移動之•限制,但當有遇量之液技出現於此種 象合組合物時,最後使粒子彼此㈣,而再度造成粒子間 任何先存在之毛細管通逭之破壌。 克服該問題之又一種嗜試為經由擠製一種線型聚合物之 溶液及隨後使合物交琊而製造一種超< 收性膜。此項技 術之一實例揭示於1989年8月29日授予艾儉等人(AUen et al )足美國第4,861,539號專利案。雖然此等超吸枚 拄膜可吸收大量液體,但彼等具有受限制之液技輸送特性 及由於缺少内部毛細管通道而易於受疹凝阻塞。 因此’本發明藉提供一種多孔、吸收性聚合巨結搆物以 甲 4(210X 297r^) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I) .( •裝· -訂. •綠. 4 213860 a6 _____;__B6 五、發明说明(3) 設法解決上述肩趙。 因而本發明之_ 一目的為炎供呈多孔之吸收性软合巨结構 物。 本發明之另一目的為提供吸收性聚合巨结構物,卸使受 遏量液髖鉋和時仍能保持完整及輸送液技。 本發明之又一目的為提供吸收性聚合巨結搆物,其中组 份之先質粒子及徹孔縱於受遇量液技飽和時仍能保持其相 對幾何形態及空間闞係。 .¾. 本發明之又另一目的為提供吸收性聚合巨结構物能於膨 脹時對液禮滲透性之增加。 本發明之再一目的為提供製造此種吸收性聚合巨结構物 之方法。 本發明之又再一目的為提供结合本發明之吸收性聚合巨 結搆物而改進之吸收性產物,吸故性搆件,及吸枚性物品 (如尿布或衡生棉)..。 發明之概述 本發明提供呈多孔性之一種吸收性聚合巨鲒構物。該多 孔吸收性聚合巨结搆物包含一種粒子間交聊聚集髏,其具 有大於約1〇.〇立方毫米之限定乾踫積。粒子間交聯聚集 禮包含實質上非水溶之吸收性水凝珍生成之聚合物物料之 多個先質粒子;及粒子間交聯劑與先質粒子之聚合物物料 起反應而在不同之先質粒子間生成交聯綻。由於先贺粒于 之散式特性,巨結構物在郇接之先質粒子間具有微孔。此 等微孔係由互通管道相互連接因之該巨結構物係呈液體渗 甲 4 (210Χ 297 公 JT) ' " - 5 - --- 213860 a6
昱、發明説明(4 ) 透性(亦卽,具有毛細管掩送通道)。 由於生成粒子„間交聊聚集之先贺-粒子間形成之各粒子 間交聯坡,使結果所得之巨結構物具有增進之结構完整性 ’增高之液禮獲取及分佈率,及減少之疹凝阻塞等特性。 經發現當巨結搆物與液玟接觸時,縱在相當之封閉鋈力下 ’巨結構物令大致成均質方式膨服,吸取此種液髏進入先 質粒子,且吸收此種液技入徽孔内。巨結構物之均質膨脹 使先質粒子及撤孔能縱在膨脹時維持彼等之相錡幾何形態 及空間闞係。因此,巨结搆物係相當地「流髖穩定性」, 卸先質粒子不彼此分離,從而於膨脹時減低疹凝阻塞之影 響及允許維持及擴大毛細管通逭,因之巨结構物縱然有遇 量液蹬時,仍可獲取及輸送隨後之液髖負荷。 本發明亦係關於结合本發明之多孔吸收性聚合巨结搆物 而改良之吸收性產物,吸收性構件,及吸收性物品。巨结 構物藉快速吸取液《Τ,有效分佈及存做此等液髖,尤許後 來液禮負荷之吸取及輸送,及在此種產物内減少疹凝阻塞 及疹凝移動,而增進此種產物之液髏處理特性。 本發明亦有關製造此種多孔吸收性聚合巨結搆物之方法 。巨结搆物係如下述製成,旄加粒子間交聯劑於先質粒子 上,以物理方式將先質粒子結合成一聚集椬,及粒子間交 聯劑與先質粒子之聚合物物料起反應而在不同之先質粒子 間生成交聯鍵。在较佳之具體實例中,該巨結構物係藉使 結合之先質粒子之聚·集理成形,而製成所要形狀,尺寸及 (或)密度之巨結搆物而製成。巨結構物之組份先質粒子 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •ί •装· •訂· .綠. 甲 4(210X297^*) 一 6 — 213860 A6 B6 發明说明(5) 亦可予表面交肩。 羼式之簡述 雖然說明畲以申.請專利範圍為結論特別指出及明確主張 本發明專利範® ’但相信本發明將可g己合所附圖式與下列 說明而得更佳之了解,其中: 圏1為頚示本發明多孔吸收性聚合巨結搆物迻,之透祝 (自水平處之15° )之放大約4〇倍之顯撤照相; 圖2為圖1所示巨鲒構物一部份頂視之放大約12〇倍之 顯撤照相; 圏3為圓1所示巨結搆物角陶之透視(自水平處之45。 )顯出放大约30倍之顯镟照相; 圏4為在巨結構物中使用具有超吸收性纖維之多孔吸收 性聚·合巨结構物之另一具體實例,其一部份頂視之放大約 20倍之顒撤照相; 圖5為闽4巨结_啪一部份頂视之放大約笳倍之顯微照 相; 圖6為圓4巨结搆物一部份頂視之放大約艿倍之顒徹照 相; 圖7為在巨結搆物中埋置有欲時幾維之多孔吸收性敗合 巨結搆物之另一具《實例,其一部份透視(自水平處45= )之放大約100倍之顯撤照相; 圏8為本發明之可丟棄尿布具技實例之透視圖,其中頂 部片之部份已被切除以便吏清楚顯出尿布下層之吸收性中 本發明吸收性搆件之具禮實例),其中該吸收性樣件 中 4 (210X297 W 发) {請先«讀背面之注意事項再填窝本页) •装· ,· :;- .線· 213860 A6 B6 五、發明说明(δ ) 包含本發明之多孔吸收性軚合巨结搆物; 圏9為圖8所示尿布吸收性中心沿-圓8之刮面線9 一 9 所·取之截面圏;及 圏1〇為本發明之可丢紊尿布具技實例之透視圖,其中頂 部片之部汾已被切除以便更清楚顯示另一吸收性中心具髖 實例。 發明之詳細說明 本發明之多孔吸收性聚合巨结構物係能吸收大量液碓例 如水及(或)身技滲出物(例如尿或月絰)且能在相當饜 力下持留此等液髖之结構物。典型地本發明之多孔吸收性 聚合巨結搆物將大致成均質地膨脹及快速吸收液技。 如在本文所用,該「巨结搆物」一詞意指具有至少約 10.0立方毫米’较佳者至少約1〇〇立方毫米,更佳者至 少約500立方毫米於乾時之限定髖積(郎限定乾技積)之 產物。一般而言,本發明之巨结構物將有遠大於約500立 方毫米之限定乾*蹬積。在本發明之較佳具髖賁例中,該巨 結構物具有在約1000立方毫米至約10〇,〇〇〇立方毫米間 之限定乾《積。 雖然本發明之巨結搆物可有多種形狀及尺寸,但巨結構 物典型地係呈薄片,膜,囬柱形,塊狀,球狀,織維,絲 ’或其他成形元件之形式。巨結構物一般具有约〇 25毫 米與約10.0毫米間之厚度或直徑。供吸收性物品使用之 较且者’該巨結構物係呈薄片之形狀。本文中所用「薄片 」 詞试明巨结構物具有大於約250撤米之一厚度。薄片 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝· .打…λ •線.
A6 56 213860 五、發明説明(7 ) 之较宜者將具~賓约0.5毫米及約3毫米間之厚度,典型者 約1毫米之厚度。 本發明之巨結構物係由能吸收大量液體之软合物物料製 成。C此等聚合物物料係通常稱作水凝繆,水疹體,或超 吸收性物料者。)巨结構物较佳老包含實質上非水溶之吸 收性水凝疹生成之浓合物物料。本文中將討論與生成先質 粒子之聚合物物料有闞之特定聚合物物料。 如圏1及3所示,本發明之多孔來收性聚合巨结搆物包 含一種粒子間交躑聚集《。粒子間交驊聚集髖係為由先前 獨立之先質粒子在本發明中將兩個或多個,典型者約丨〇個 或多個結合於一起而製成之多孔结構物。先質粒子係由旄 加其上之粒子間交躑劑及接受各種條件,同時保持先質粒 子之物理結合而連接於一起,此等係足以使粒子間交聯射 與先質粒子之浓合物物料起反應,而在生成聚集髖之先質 粒子間形成交聯踺。‘ 如圈1所示,粒子間交聯聚集技係由許多先質粒子構成 。由於本案中所用先質粒子之較佳尺寸,粒子間交聯聚集 椬典型地係由十個或更多個,較佳者為約五十個或更多之 先質粒子構成。本發明之先質粒子係成分別單位之形式。 先質粒子可包括粒狀,扮狀,球狀,片狀,纖維,聚集珑 或附聚塊。因此,先質粒子可有任何所要之形狀例如立方 技;棒狀;多面》;球狀妓;圊形;角狀;不规則狀;隨 意大小之不規則狀(例如,磨碎或碾…之纷狀產物) 或具有大量最大尺度/最小尺度比如針狀,碎片狀,或纖 f 4(210X297 公发) {請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本百) •裝· .打. •綠, 213860
ΐ、發明説明(8) 維形等之形狀、較宜者如圓. b斗T祕 贫S1 3所不,先質粒子為呈任 意尺寸不規則形—之粉狀知粒或碎片乏-細分之 。 雖然先質粒于可具有廣大範团變化之 - * 寸,仁仍且於有 :疋…尺度分佈及尺寸β為達本發明…,對先質 粒子界定之粒子尺寸為不具有量 Α叉取'大尺度/最小尺度比 例如幾維(例如細粒,碎片,m 係由益W — )因先質粒子之尺度 系由篩尺寸为析所確定。因此,舉例言之,一種先質粒子 ^有600做米開孔之標準# 30薛所持留者,係被想為具 有大於6〇〇概米之粒子尺寸,—種先質粒子能通過毅有、 ::撤米開孔…薛而被持留於毅有5〇〇撤米開孔之標 準养35篩上者,則被想為具有5〇〇傲米至6〇〇微米間之粒 子尺寸,及一種先質粒子能通遇彀有5〇〇撖米開孔之參艿 薛者則被赵為具有小於5〇〇撤米之粒子尺寸。於本發明之 較佳具髖實例中,(質粒子一般將在自約4米至約2〇⑻ 徹米間,史佳者自約>2〇徵米至約j 〇〇〇徵米間之尺寸範園 Ο 再者,為達本發明之目的,先質粒于之大量平均粒子尺 寸在確定所得巨結構物特點及性質中具重要性。先質粒子 〈特定樣品之大量平均粒子尺寸係界定為粒子尺寸,此尺 寸係在大量基磔上樣品之平岣粒子尺寸。用以確定樣品之 大量平岣粒子尺寸之方法將於下文在試驗方法章節中說明 先質粒于之大量平均粒于尺寸一般將自約20撤米至約 1500撖米,乏佳者自約50徹米至約1000微米。在本發明 文较佳具禮實例中,先質粒子具有小於約1000撤米,较 甲 4(210X 297 公发) {請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝. •打· •綠· 213860
發明·%明(9 ) 佳者小於约600撳米,最佳者小於約500徹米之大量平均 ί請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填其本頁) 粒子尺寸。在本發明特別合宜之具技-實例中,*質粒子之 大量平岣粒子尺寸係较小(卽先質粒子為細屑)。在此等 具禮實例中,先質粒子之大量平均粒子尺寸係小於約3〇〇 微米,更佳者小於約180徽米。在一例示之具技實例中, 至少按重量計約95%之先質粒子具有在約15〇徹米至约 3〇〇傲米間之粒子尺寸。在另一具想實例中,至少按重量 計约95 %之先質粒子具有約兕徹米至約徹米間之粒子 尺寸。狭窄之先質粒子尺寸分佈係較合宜,因為由於在密 化時彼等較高之空咮百分率,對具扮狀之大董平岣粒子尺 寸較寬座之先質粒子尺寸分佈,會造成較高徹孔性之巨结 構物。 .打· •線. 該等具有大量最大尺度/最小尺度材料例如纖維之粒子 尺寸典型地係由彼等之最大尺度所界定。舉例言之,毅若 吸枚性聚合纖維(卽 >,超吸枚性纖維)被應用於本發明之 巨結構物中,該種竦維之長度被用於界定「粒子尺寸」。 (職維之粗細及(或)直徑亦可加以规定。)在本發明之 例示具菝實例中,該璣維具有大於約5毫米,較佳者約1〇 毫米至約100毫米間,吏佳者自約川毫米至約刃毫米間之 一長度。 先質粒子實質上包含非水溶之吸收性水凝繆生成之聚合 物物料。適於用作本案中先質粒子之聚合物物料實例包括 該等由可敗合之不飽和含酸單體製成者。因此,此等單禮 包括含有至少一碳對磲烯屬雙鍵之烯屬不飽和酸類及酐類 甲 4(210X297 2 沒) 213860
1、發明说明(10 ) 。詳言之,此'尊單體可遴自烯屬不飽和羧醆類及酸酐類, 烯屬不飽和磺酸類及其混合物。 某些非駿單铒亦可用以製備本案之先質粒子。此類非酸 單禮可包括例如含酸單技之水溶或水可分散之踣類,以及 完全不含羧基或磺酸類之單髋類。隨意之非酸單蹬類因而 可包括含有下列類型官能基之單椬類:羧醚或磺酸略類, 羥基類,醯胺類,胺基類,腈類及季銨里類。此等非酸單 禮類係熟知之物料且經詳盡鼓述於,例如,1978年2月 28曰授予麥蘇達等人(Masuda et al )之美困第4,076,663 號專利案及1977年12月13曰授予威斯德曼(Westerman ) 之美國第4, 062,817號專利案,兩者併述於此以供參考。 稀属不餘和狡酸及狡酸肝單禮類包括由丙歸酸本身典型 化之丙稀酸類,甲基丙稀酸,已基丙稀酸,α —氨丙稀酸 ,α —氰基丙烯醆,卢一甲基丙烯醆(丁烯酸),α —笨 基丙缔酸’戸一丙稀東基丙酸,山樂酸,or —氣山梁酸, 當歸酸,肉桂酸,對一氣肉桂酸,卢一硬脂醯丙烯醆,衣 康酸,檸康醆,中康酼,戊烯二酸,烏頭醆,馬來酸,富 馬酸,三羧基G烯及馬來醆酐。 烯屬不飽和磺醆單髖類包括脂族或芳族己烯磺酸類例如 G烯磺酸,烯丙基磺酸,G烯甲笨磺酸及笨已烯磺酸;丙 烯及甲基丙烯磺酸例如丙烯酸磺己醏,〒基丙烯酸磺G醋 ,丙稀酸碟丙賠,甲基丙缔酸碟丙鞋*,2 —經基一3 —丙 烯東丙基磺酸,2 —經基一3 —甲基丙烯氧丙基磺酸及2 —丙稀胺基一2 —甲基丙院碟酸。 甲 4(210X 297公沒) (請先聞讀背面之注意事項#·填寫本页) / .装. .打…ί . .綠. 12 - 213860 A6 B6 五、發明说明(11) 供本發明中使用之較佳聚合物物料具有羧基。此等聚合 物包括水解之激_汾一丙烯.猜接枝共聚·物,局部中和之澱耠 一丙烯腈接枝共软物,澱扮一丙烯酸接枝共聚物,局部中 和之澱扮一丙烯酸接枝共蒎物,皂化之己烯醋酸一丙烯醆 賒共聚物,水解之丙烯腈或丙烯醢胺共聚物,任何前述共 聚物之輕徽網路交聯產物,局部中和之聚丙烯酸,及局部 中和聚丙烯酸之輕微網路交聯產物,此等浓合物可獨立使 用或呈兩個或多個單fit之混合物,化合物,或類似者之形 式使用。此等聚合物物料之實例揭示於美國第3,661,875 ;4,076,663 ; 4,093,776 ; 4,666,983 ί 及 4,734,478 號專利案。 用作先質粒子之最佳聚合物物料為局部中和之聚丙烯酸 類之輕撤網路交聯產物及自其所得之激扮衍生物類。最合 宜者’該等先質粒子包含自约5〇至約95%,较佳者約75% 之中和之輕微網路支聯聚丙稀酸(亦郎(丙缔酸納/丙缔 酸))。 如上文所述,該等先質粒子较佳者為輕徽網路交鄲之歌 合物物料。網路交聊係用於使先質粒子實質上不溶於水, 及部徐係用於確定先質粒子及结果所得巨結構物之吸收能 量及可提取之聚合物含量特性。供網路交聊聚合物之方法 及典型之網路交聯劑係經詳述於前文提及之美國第 4,076,663號專利案中。 個別之先質粒子可用任何習用方式構成。用於製造個別 先質粒子之典型及较佳方法經說明於下列文獻:1988年 甲 4 (210X 297 公发) " -13 - (請先閑#背面<注意事項再填寫本页) ’裝· •打· A6 B6 213860 昱、發明説明(12 ) {請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) 4月19日再授予布蘭特,哥德曼及英格林(Kerryn A. Brandt, Steven A. Goldman, and" Thomas A. Inglin ) 命名為「用於吸收性结構物中之水凝擇生成聚合物組合物 」之美國Re. 32,649號專利案;1987年5月19日授予鐘 紐,坦違及,尤秀(Tsuneo Tsubakimoto, Tadao Shimomura,and Yoshio Irie )命名為「吸收性物品」 之美國第4,666,983號專利案;及1986年11月25日授予 鐘紐,坦違及尤秀,命名為「交聯聚合物連續製造之方法 」之美國第4,625,001號專利案。此等專利案併述於此以 供參考。 用以製成先質粒子之較佳方法係該等包括含水溶液或其 他溶液蒎合方法。如在上述美國第Re. 32,649號專利案 所述,含水溶液聚合法係包括使用含水反應混合物以進行 蒎合作用而製成先質粒子。該含水反應泥合物然後接受蒗 合條件,此等條件足》以在混合物中產生實質上非水溶之輕 徽網路交聯軚合物物料。由此製成之聚合物物料之物質然 後加以扮碎或切碎以製出個別之先質粒子。 詳言之,用以製造個別先質粒子之含水溶液聚合法包括 製#一種含水反應混合物,於其中進行聚合作用以製成所 要之先質粒子。此一反應混合物之一要件為該含酸基單禮 物料將搆成所要製出之先質粒子之「主幹」。該反應混合 物一般包含按重量計約100份之單孩物料。含水反應混合 物之另一组份包括一網路交聯劑。製成先質粒子有用之辋 路交聊劑經詳述於上述授予布蘭德等人之美國第Re. 32,649 14 - 甲 4 (210X297 公; 213860 A6 B6 五、發明説明(13 ) 號專利案;授:予Tsubakimoto等人之美國第4,666,983號 專利案;及授予..Tsubakimoto等人乏美國第4,625,〇〇1號 專利案。該網路交.聯劑一般係以存在於含水混合物中之單 禮總莫耳為準之自約0.001莫耳百分比至約5莫耳百分比 之量存在於含水反應混合物中(按重量計〖00扮單髖物料 為準之按重量計約0· 01至約20份)。含水反應混合物之 一隨意组份包含一自由基引發劑包括例如過氧化合物,例 如遇二硫酸鈉,鉀及銨,過氡化辛畦,遏氧化笨醯,遏氧 化氩’氩過表I化枯歸,二過敵酸特丁 ,遇笨甲酸特丁賠 ,遇醋酸钠,過硖醆鈾,等。含水反應混合物之其他隨意 組份包括各種非酸性共聚單禮物料,包括含實質不飽和醆 性官能基單技之賠類或完全不含羧基或磺醚官能性之其他 共聚單艘。 使該含水反應淡合物接受聚合條件,該等條件足以在該 泥合物中產生實贺上‘非水溶之吸收性水蔹疹生成之輕撤網 路交聯聚合物物料。該等聚合條件亦經在上述之三件專利 案中詳述。此莩聚合條件一般包含加熱(熱激發技術)至 自約o°c至約100°c,較佳者自約5〇c至約4〇<Sc之聚合 溫度。該含水反應混合物所保持之聚合條件亦可包括例如 使該反應混合物,或其部份,接受任何習知形式之聚合激 發輻射。放射性,電子,紫外線,或電磁輻射為可替代之 習用聚合技衔。 在含水反應混合物中生成之敗合物物料之醆官能基亦較 宜於使之中和。中和作用可在任何習用方式中進行,此等 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) •裴· •綠.
五、 213860 發明說明(14 ) 中和方式導致「用以生成含酸基單技之聚合物物料總單技之 至/約25莫耳百分比,及較佳者至少·约见莫耳百分比被 用里生成之陽離子予以中和。此種里生成陽離子包括,例 如,驗金展類,按,取代之按及按類如前文引據之授予布 蘭德等人之美國第Re. 32 649號專利案中詳述老。 雖然较合宜者該先質粒子係使用水溶液聚合方法製造, 但亦可使用多相聚合加工技衔實施聚合方法,例如逆向乳 化聚合程序或逆向懸浮衆合程彳。在&向乳化衆合或逆向 懸浮软合程序中,該含水反應泥合物(如前文所述)係以 細滴形式懸浮於水不相溶混之情性有機溶剩如環己乾之一 種基货中。结果所得之先質粒子一般係呈圓球狀。迻向懸 浮聚合程序級詳述於下列文农:1982年7月如日授予矣 男沙西等人(Obaysashi et al·)之美國第4 34〇 7〇6號 專利案;1985年3月19日授予弗萊齊等人(Flesher忒al )之 美國第4,506,()52號專鑛;及1988年4月5日授予毛利達等人⑽出 et al.)之美國第4,735,987號專利案;各該專利案併述於此以作參考。 在本發明之较佳具技實例中,用以生成粒子間交聯软集 禮之先質粒子係實質上為乾燥者。本文所用「實質上乾燥 」-詞意指該等先質粒子所有之液技含量,典型老為水或 其他溶液含量,為按先質粒于之重量計低於㈣%,Μ 者低於約20% ’吏佳者低於1〇 %。一般而言,先質粒子之 液體含量係為按先質粒子之重量計自約〇〇ι %至約5 % 之範園内。個別之先質粒子可利用例如加熱之任何背用方 法加以乾燥。另外之方式 金土陆^ 37 1 < a八’ *先質粒子係使用含水反應混 甲 4(210X297 乂发) {請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .装· 213860 A6 ~~~~ —-—-----------B6 五、發明説明(15 ) - :物製成時,可利用共沸蒸餾自反應混合物除去水。含聚 〇物之含水反應;合物亦可用例如甲轉之脫水溶劑加以處 理。此等乾燥程序亦可混合使用。該聚合物物料之脫水物 質然後可予切碎或縣以製成實質上非水溶之吸收性水凝 疹生成聚合物物料之大tt上乾燥之先質粒子。 本發明之较佳先質粒子係該等呈現高吸收能量者,因之 自此種先質粒子製成之结果所得巨結搆物亦具有高吸收能 量。吸收能量係指特定之聚合物物料吸收與其相接觸之液 技文能量。吸收能量可因所吸枚液技之性質與液髖接觸聚 合物物料之方式而有柽大變異。為本發明之目的,吸收能 量係由任何特定聚合物物料,以每克聚合物物料多少克合 成尿之方式說明所吸收合成尿(如下文說明)之量,此程 序在下文中於試驗方法幸節中說明之。本發明之较佳先質 粒子係該等每克聚合物物料有至少約2〇克較佳者至少约25 克合成尿之吸收能量‘者。一般言之,本案之先質粒子较合 物物料具有每克聚合物物料自約40克至約70克合成尿之吸 收能量。具有此種較高吸收能量特性之先質粒子,製成在 吸收性產物,吸收性搆件及吸收性物品中特別有用之巨结 構物,因為由此種先質粒子製成之所得巨結構物可確定能 持留所欲高量之排出身體之滲出物例如尿。 個別之先質粒子可任意方式加以表面處理。舉例而言, 1989年4月25日授予亞歷山大等人(A1 exander et al . )之美國第4,82 4,9〇1號專利案揭示用聚一季胺對聚合粒 子之表面處理。如經表面處理,先質粒子係較佳地受表面 甲 4(210X297父发) 一17 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ♦装· •打· •綠· 213860 A6 P3 五、發明説明(16 ) — 交聯’如1987年5月19日授予Tsubakimoto等人命名為 「吸收性物品」之美國第4,666,98-3 —號專利案;及1988 年3月29日授予Tgubakimoto等人命名為「水吸收劑J之 美國第4,734,478號專利案;該兩案併述於此以供參考。 如在Tsubakimoto等人之第4,666,983號專利案中揭示, 個別之先質粒子可藉旄加表面交聯劑於先質粒子上及使表 面交聯刺與聚合物物料在先質粒子表面上起反應而達成表 面交聯。 雖然粒子間交聯软集fit之所有先質粒子较宜於以相同性 質之同一聚合物物料製成,但此舉並非必需。舉例而言, 某些先質粒子可包含澱扮—丙烯酸接枝共蒎物之聚合物物 料,而他種先質粒子可包含局部中和聚丙烯酸之輕微網路 交聯產物紧合物物料。此外,粒子間交聯聚集蹬之先贺粒 子可在形狀,吸收能量,或先質粒子之任何其他性質或待 點上變化。在本發明之较佳具餿實例中,先質粒子包含實 質上由局部中和取丙烯駿之輕微網路交聯產物組成之蒎合 物物料;各先質粒子具有類同之性質。 本發明之粒子間交聯聚集技亦包含粒子間交聯劑。粒子 間交聯劑係紇加於先質粒子上及與先質粒子之敗合物物料 起反應’而同時保持先質粒子間之物理性締合。此項反應 在先質粒子之間形成交聯踺。因而該等交聯踺係自然在粒 子間(郎在不同先質粒子之間)。不希望為理論所拘束或 限制本發明之範園,是以相信粒子間交聯劑與先質粒子之 软合物物料之反應在不同之先質粒子之聚合物鏠間形成交
ί請先IVI讀背面之注意事項再琪寫本页) .¾.. .打. •線· 36 213860 五、發3月說明(17 ) · 獅竣C郎,粒:子間交躑踺)。對本案之較佳聚合物而言, 相信該粒子間交聯劑反應而形成先前-獨立之先質粒于各叛 基間之交聯錠。不希望為理論所拘束或限制本發明之範園 ’對於具有幾基類之較佳聚合物物料而言,相信係該粒子 間交輝劑與聚合物物料之羧基類反應,而在不同先質粒子 疋聚合物缝間形成共價化學交聯鍵。該共價化學交聯竣一 般係因交聊劑之官能基與聚合物物料之羧基反應而生成賠 ’碰腰(亞胺)或尿烷類而發生。於較合宜之實施例中, 相信會生成聆鍵。因此,較佳之粒子間交聊劑係該等能與 叛基在較宜之聚合物中反應而生成醏缱之該等劑。 在本發明中可用之粒子間交辟射係該等與所用先質粒于 之聚合物物料反應而生成粒子間交聯聚集蹬者。遑當之粒 子間交聯劑可&括多a不、同之费!,例*具有至少兩個可衆 合雙踺<各化合物;具有至少一個可聚合之雙踺及至少一 個可與聚合物物料反‘應之官能基之各化合物;具有可與聚 合物物料反應之至少兩個官能基之各化合物;《多憤金属 化合物。纟本發明中使用之特定交聯劑在前文引述之美國 第4,076,663及第仏32,6妁號專利案中已詳細說明, 併述於此以供參考。該等粒子坫右 于取卞間交聯劑亦可包括能與先質 粒子之聚合物物料反應以生成饺 王取浓合交梆踺之各單馊(例如 前文說明者)。 在先質粒子之取合物物料中(·如k 打〒(卽聚合物鍵)有羧基類存 在老’較佳之粒子間交琊刺係1古— 、具有母一分子能與羧基反應 之至少兩個官能基之溶液。校佳 民佳<粒子間交聯劑包括多元 (請先«讀背面之注意本項再填有本頁} k. • · ·:( •線. 甲 4(210X 297 乂 f)
213¾60 A6 B6 昱、發明说明(18 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) 醉類例如G二~醇,二甘酵,三甘轉·,四甘醇,聚G二酵, 丙三解(i,2,j—丙三路),聚尚'三路,丙二酵, 1,2 —丙二酵,1_,3—丙二酵,三羥甲基丙烷,二已酵 胺,三C·醇胺,聚·氧丙烯氧化缔—氧化丙烯嵌段共聚物 ,山梨糖酵酐脂肪醆醏類,聚氡G烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸略 類,季戍四醇,及山梨糖酵;浓缩水甘油喊化合物類例如 G二驂二縮水甘油瞇,聚乙二醉二縮水甘油瞇,丙三酵聚 缩水甘油鲢,二丙三酵聚縮水甘油瞇,聚丙三酵聚縮水甘 油鍵,山梁糖路软維水甘油喊,季戊四解救維水甘油越, 丙二解二缩水甘油瞇,及丙二酵二縮水甘油瞇;聚氣丙咬 化合物類例如2, 2—雙羥甲基丁酵一三[3 —(i一氣丙咬 )丙酸賠],1,6 —六甲基甲笨二C·烯脲,及二笨基甲院 一雙一4,4’一N,Ν’ 一二C*稀脉;鹵代環表化合物麵例如 表氣酵及α—甲基氟酵;聚醛化合物類例如戍二醛及甘嗓 唑,聚胺化合物類例‘如已二胺,二撑三胺,三c擇四胺 ’四禕五胺,五G撑六胺,及聚匕烯亞胺;及聚異氰醆 化合物類例如2,4一甲笨二異氰酸賠及六甲推二異氣 酸醏。 自上文所述該類中選出之一種粒子間交聯劑或兩或多種 實質上相互不反應之粒子間交聯劑岣可使用。於本案中供 與含叛基敗合物物料使用之特別合宜之粒于間交聯劑為已 二醇;丙三醇;三羥甲基丙烷;一丙二醇;及13 — 丙二醇。 在本發明中使用之粒子間交聯劑之比例係按1〇〇份先質 甲4(210Χ 297父;- 20 -' ' 213860 A6 B6 互、發明说明(19 ) . 一 粒子重量計自—按重量計約〇 〇1份至約邓份,較佳者自約 〇. 5檢至約10扮,最佳者自約1份至.約5份之範園。 在本發β月中,可與粒子間交聊劑使用其他物料或劑類作 為助劑以產生粒于間交聯聚集鳢,或促進或支助粒子間交 聯劑與先質粒子之裂合物物料反應,或作為締合劑。 舉例而言’水可與粒子間交聯劑共同使用。水可促進粒 子間交聯劑在先質粒子之表面上均句分散及使粒子間交聯 劑滲入先質粒子之表面區域(。水亦可促進預先反應之先質 粒子間’及所得粒子間交聯取集醴之乾燥及膨脹之整禮性 間較強之物理締合性β在本發明中,水係以按1〇〇扮先質 粒子疋重量計,以按重量計低於約如份(按重量計〇份至 约20份),较佳者按重量計自約〇〇1份至約如份之範園 ’更佳者為自約〇.i份至約1〇份範固之比例使用。水之實 際使用量將端视先質粒子之聚合物物料種類及粒子尺寸而 變化。 * 有機溶劑亦可與粒子間交聯劑共同使用。有機溶劑係用 於促進粒子間交聯劑在先質粒子表面上均句分散。有機溶 劑較佳者為親水性有栈溶劑。在本發明中可使用之親水性 有機溶劑包括低鈒畔類例如甲醇,已醇,正—丙醇,異丙 解,正—丁醇,異丁醇,另一丁醇及特_丁解;網類例如 丙酮,甲基G基甲酮及甲基異丁基甲酮;瞇類例如二呤烷 ,四氩呋喃,及二已璲;醯胺類例如N,N一二甲替甲醯 胺及N,N —二替甲醯胺;及亞碾類例如二甲亞碾。在本 發明中使用之親水性有機溶劑係按1〇〇份先質粒于以重量 甲4(210X297^:发) 一21 — ----------— (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) •^· •打:: 213860 A6 ----—______ . B6 :-'"一--一. 昱、發明説明(20 ) 計為準,以按重量計低於約60份(按重量計〇份至約的扮 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) ),較佳者按重量計自约0.01份;£約6〇份之範園,更佳 者自约1份至約20 ,份之比例使用。親水性有機溶制之實際 使用量端视先質粒子之聚_合物物料種類及粒子尺寸而變化 〇 粒子間交聯劑亦可與水及一或多種親水性有栈落刺之一 種混合物使用。經發現老為使用水/粒子間交聯劑溶液能 提供交聯劑進入先質粒子表面區域之最大滲透性,而親水 性有機溶劑/粒子間交聯劑之溶液提供交聯劑之最小渗透 性。但所有二種劑類之一混合物為達到控制粒子間交聯剤 進入先質粒子表面區域之滲透量係较佳者。詳言之,經發 現老為水對有機溶劑組份之比愈高,交聯劑之滲透愈深, 巨结構物在壓力下之流技穩定性愈大,及在巨结構物所得 吸收能量中之還原亦愈大。典型地在溶液中水對親水性有 機溶劑之比將在自約‘丨〇 : i至約1 :丨〇之範園内。親水性 有機溶劑/水/粒子間交聯劑溶液係按1〇〇份先質粒子之 重量計為準,此按重量計低於約60份(按重董計〇份至約 60份),較佳者在自約〇.01份至約仞份之範圊,更佳者 自约1份至约20份之比例使用。 其他隨意之組汾亦可與含有粒子間交聯劑之溶液相混合 。舉例而言,可加入引發剤,傕化劑,或非醆共聚單體物 料。適於在本案使用之此等物料之實例已在前文引述之美 國第Re. 32,649號專利案中說明。 用以製造含有粒子間交聊聚集趑之多孔吸收性聚合巨結 甲4(210X297 公发) -22 - 213860 A6 33 五、發明説明(21 ) 構物之方法包括下列步騄:提供本案所述類型之先質粒子 - · ;將粒子間交聯劑施加於一部份先質粒子;以物理方式締 合先質粒于以形成一象集蹬;使聚集蹬成形;使粒子間交 聯劑與聚集諠之先質粒子之聚合物物料起反應,同時保持 先質粒子之物理性締合,以在不同先質粒子之聚合物鏠之 間形成交聯破。 粒子間交聊劑係旄加於先質粒子上。粒子間交聯劑可藉 用以旄加溶液至物料之任何不同技術及裝置施加之,包括 將粒子間交聯劑塗復,撤布,傾入,滴落,嘖暹,啧霧, 狹聚’或浸清於先質粒子上。如本文所用「施加於」一詞 意指至少待结合之先質粒子之一之表面區域之至少一部份 ’使其上具有粒子間交聯劑。因此,粒子間交聯劑係被旄 加於僅若干先質粒子上,施加於所有先質粒子上,施加於 若干或所有先質粒子之表面之僅一部份上,或施加於若干 或所有先質粒子之全啷表面上。較宜者,粒子間交聯劑係 被塗後於大部汾,较佳者所有先質粒子之全部表面上,以 利於增強先質粒子間粒子間交聯踺之效率,強庋及密度。 在本發明之較佳具髖實例中,於粒子間交聯劑巳被施加 於先質粒子上後,粒子間交聯劑係藉多種混合技術之任一 種與先質粒于相現合,以確使先質粒子徹底為粒于間交聯 剩所塗復。因為先質粒子已用粒子間交聊劑所充份塗後, 故先質粒子間各交聯鍵之效率,強度及密度得以提升。該 項谋•合可用不同之技術及裝置完成,包括各種混合器或捏 和器,如本技藝中所已知者。 甲4(210X297公,¾) - 23 - (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝· •綠. 213860 A6
一一一一 · 3G — ·-- ιι --- 五、發明説明(22 ) · 在將粒子間交聯劑施和於先贺粒子之前,旄加中或施加 後’先贺粒子係__被物理方1式締合於一 _起以生成一取集技 巨結構物。本文所.用之「物理方式締合」一詞係指將先質 粒子集於一起,及以多種不同方式及空間闞係之任一種使 成奴成件而彼此保持接觸,以利於形成一單一單位(一取 集》巨結構物)Ο 先質粒子校宜於藉施加一種締合劑於先質粒子丄,及於 其上施有締合劑之先質粒子之表面至少一部份上以物理方 式接觸先質粒子,而成物理方式締合於一起。較佳之締合 劑導使先質粒子之软合物物料,於結合於一起時,因流技 表面張力作用及c或)软合物缝由於外方膨脹之嫌结而勒 結於一起。在本發明中可用之締合劑包括親水性有機溶劑 ,典型者為低分子量醉類例如甲酵,G酵,或異丙醇;水 ;親水性有機溶劑與水之一混合物;若干前述之粒子間交 聯劑;揮發性疏水性·有機化合物例如己烷,辛貌,笨气甲 笨;或其混合物。較佳之绛合劑為水,甲酵,異丙醇,G 酵,粒子間交聯劑類例如丙三醇,或其混合物。典型方式, 締合劑包含含有一粒子間交聯劑之混合物,因之旄加粒子 間交聯劑之步躁係與施加缔合劑之步緣同時進行。 締合劑可利用旄加溶液至物料之不同技術及裝置之任一 種施加於先質粒子,包括將締合劑塗復,撖布,倾入,噴 >1,嘴霧,丧聚或浸清於先質粒子上。締合劑係被施加於 每一聚集蹬之待結合之至少一先質粒子之至少一部份表面 區域上。較佳者,締合劑係被塗後於大部份,較佳者全部 f 4 (210X297公沒) {請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) .装. .綠· 24 - 213860
、發明説明(23 ) ,先質粒子之整個表面上。铱人& 及混A# f、a 締合劑一般係藉多種混合技術 及°裝置之任-種與先質粒子相混合,以確使先質粒: 徹底為缔合劑所塗復。 况尤叉粒于 當將締合劑施加於先皙為 HU 子時,先質粒子可依多種不同 万式成物理性接觸於一起。山· 嗖舉例S文,締合劑單獨可保捭 粒子相接觸於一起。另—錄士+ 保待 獲万式,可使用重力以確保弁皙 粒子間之接觸。此外,可將 質 J將粒子置於其有固定容積之一 鉍内,以便確保先質粒子間之接觸。 先質粒子可依另一方式籍脾生断必 Λ錯將先質粒子作物理方式壓製而 成物-理性締合於一起因之 风寻係呈彼此接觸。舉例言之, 可將先質粒子緊密包裝於具 於共有固定容積之一容器内,致使 先質粒子彼此成物理方式接觸。另外之方式或與上述程序 相組合’可使用重力以物理方式締合先質粒子。先質粒子 :可經由靜電吸引成物埋方式締合於一起或藉引入點合劑 J如’水溶性黏合劑〈黏着物料)使彼等黏附於一起。 先質粒子亦可附着於一第三構件中(一基質)因之使先質 粒子藉基質而彼此集聚相接觸。 在構成本發明巨結構物之另—較佳步騄中,先質粒子之 取集禮係被成形為不同幾何型態’空間關係及密度以構成 有特定形狀,尺寸及(幻密度之象集植。聚集禮可藉本 技餐中已知之任何習用成形技術予以成形。用以將聚集禮 成形之較佳方法包括縳製’模製,或成形操作法。缚製及 模製技術-般包括將先質粒子導入—預製之模穴内及對聚 集植施加壓力(壓縮),以使裝集趙符合於模穴之形狀。 f •裝. .訂· .線. 甲 4(2ΐ〇χ 297父发) 25 213860 夏、發明说明(24 ) 本案所用特定、製技術之實例包括蜃缩棋製,注入模製, 擠袋或層合。舉_例而言,可將多量先*55•粒子加至具有固定 〜積旗穴之容芬内-及壓·维象集技以符合採穴之形狀,致使. 结果所得之巨结構物具有由模穴形狀所限定之一形狀。成 形技術包括在聚集tt上施行各種操作以修正其形狀,及( 或)尺寸,及(或)密度。本案中使用之特殊成形技術之 實例包括滾壓,鍛製,擠製,旋鋈,塗佈或抽拉等操作。 舉例而言,先質粒子及至少拔粒子間交聯劑之一浆集技混 合物可在一猗蜃縮滾之間通遏以搆成一片狀取集技。另一 種方式,為將聚集I*混合物通遇一孔口擠製以形成對應於 孔口形狀之一種聚集技。此外,亦可將聚集椬混合物置於 一表面上澆磚以製成具有所要形狀或表面幾何形態之取集 tt。亦可將任何或所有此等技術併合使用以製成成形之取 集技。此等操作可使用該项技藝中已知之任何遑當裝置施 行,且該操作可用熱1態及(或)冷態之物料或装置部汾進 行。 在本發明之較佳具實例中,先質粒子,粒子間交躑劑 ,水,及親水性有機溶劑之一聚集椬混合物係加至習用之 擠製器裝置之漏斗中。一擠製器裝置之實例顯示於聚合物 贫料之星理,單—版(McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982 )第33 1頁之圓丨2 —丨4,該出版物併述於此以供參考。聚 集技淡合物通過擠製器裝置之孔口被擠屡進入一對從動壓 維滚’兩滚子之間有一固定間隙(但屜可變),以便將聚 集fit愿製成薄片之形狀。然後將薄片加工成待定長度以提 (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •装. •打·:( 甲 4(210X297 公沒) 26 - 213860 A6 B6 五、發明说明(25 ) . 一 供具有特別設·計之尺寸,形狀及(或)密度之巨结構物。 {請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在施加粒子間交梆谢之同時或其後,先贺粒子已經被以 物理万式締合於一起形成一象集諠,及該象集誼巳絰成形 ’粒子間交都劑係與聚集技之先質粒子之聚合物物料反應 ’而同時保持先質粒子之物理性締合,在先質粒子之間形 成交聯竣而生成一種粒子間交聊聚集技巨結搆物。 粒子間交聛劑與軚合物物料間之反應必須加以激發及完 成,以在不同之先質粒子間形成交聯婕以製成粒子間交聯 浓集技。雖然該交梆反應可接輻射(例如紫外線,伽俱或 X射線)或藉催化劑作為引發劑及激發劑加以激發,但交 聯反應之较佳方式為熱溆發(加熱)。加熱以激發及麋動 該反應及排除存在於混合物中之任何揮發性物。此種反應 條件一般包括加熱該缔合之先質粒子及粒子間交聯劑達某 種時段且在某種温度。加熱步緣可使用已知之多種不同装 置施行包括本技勢如已知之各種燼或乾燥器。 一般而言,該反應係藉加熱至約90 *C以上之溫度進行達 充份時間以完成交膊反應。猗每組所用之特定粒子間交聊 劑及先質粒子之软合物物料而言,設若£度過低或時間不 足’該反應將未被充伶摩動,會造成較少及較弱之粒子間 交聯鍵,因而導致巨结搆物於膨脹時對液髖滲透性之某些 損失。敌若5¾度過高,則先質粒子之吸收性可能遣降,或 此等先質粒子之網路交聯,端視特定聚合物物料而定,可 被遲降至此種程度,卵結果所得之巨結搆物對吸收大量液 禮不具作用。此外,設若時間及温度不正確,結果所得之 甲4(210X297 公沒) 27 213860 A6 B6 五、發明說明(26 ) 取集fit之可提取程度可能增加,從而增加該類疹凝阻塞之 影響。因此,該〜反應一般將於自約12〇°C至約300°C範困 ,较佳者自約100°C至約250°C範面之温度實施。完成较 反應之時間,於無催化劑之情況下,一般自約5分鐘至約 6小時,较佳者自約丨〇分鍾至約4小時。 對於先質粒子之較佳聚合物物料,局部中和聚丙烯駿之 輕撤辋路交聊產物,及較佳之粒子間交聯劑例如丙三稃或 三經甲基丙嫁而言,此種反應條件將包括分別為自約 170°C至約220°C之溫庋達约3小時至約3〇分鐘。吏佳者 ,該反應係分別在约190oC至約210〇C間之溫度達約75分 鐘至約45分鐘實旄之。所使用之實際時間及温度端視供先 質粒子用之待定軚合物物料,所用之特定粒子間交聯劑, 用以騍動該反應用之傕化劑之存在與否,及巨結構物之厚 度或直徂而有所變化。 該交聯反應可藉加人-種引發劑及(或)催化劑於粒子 間交聊ί·]中加以促進,而減使先^質粒子结合於一起所需 之時間及(或)a度及(或)粒子間交聯劑之量。但通常 該反應係於無催化劑存在下實施者。 在反應步騄中須要保持先質粒子之物理性绛合以便形成 充检之粒于間交聯鍵。設若在反應步線中有足以使先質粒 子分散之力量或應力存在,則先質粒子 間交聯破)可能不會形成。先質粒子之物理性締合在反應 步騄中通常係藉確使導入最低之分散力.量或應力而予保持 Ο 甲 4(210X2971'^~- 28 - ------- (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) i •装. •if. A6 B6 213860 —------— 昱、發明说明(27) {請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 作為在製成「多孔,吸枚性聚合巨结搆物方法中之一隨意 及較佳步騄,巨结搆物之组份先贺粒子係經表面處理。舉 例而言,1989年4月25曰授予亞歷山大等人(Alexander et al.)之美國第4,824,9〇1號專利案揭示用软季按對 聚合粒子之表面處理。在例示之方法中,存在於至少在先 質粒于表面附近之软合物物料係經表面交聯,例如1987 年5月W日授予Tsubakimoto等人之命名為「吸收性物品 」之美國第4,666,983號專利案及1988年3月29日授予 Tsubakimoto等人命名為「水吸收劑」之美國第4,734,478 號專利案所揭示者,併述於此以供參考。在本發明中籍使 用表面交聯步騄,結果所得巨结搆物於膨脹時對變形之阻 力得以增進。较佳者,旄加於先質粒子之粒子間交聯劑亦 用作表面交聯劑,以使巨结構物校宜於同時敢成及表面交 聯。 如前文所述,製造巨结搆物方法中之各步騄不需以任何 特定順序進行。此外,該等步供·可予同時實施。 在较佳之具玟實例中,粒子間交聯劑俅與先質粒子之物 理性締合同時施加,隨後該混合物郎被成形為较佳之形狀 及一般所要之密度,及該粒子間交聊劑隨後與先質粒子之 聚合物物粁起反應,於上述步緣完成後之卽刻或於聚集fit 留置靜止達一時段後,同時製成及表面交脚該巨结搆物。 典型方式,先質粒子係被導入一容器内,並與嘖霧在先質 粒子上之粒子間交聯劑,水,及親水性有機溶劑之一溶液 相混合以形成一聚集《。該粒子間交聯劑,水,及親水性
丨丨丨·Μ 丨·丨 INI " 丨 " 1 " I· -II 甲 4(210X297公发) 一 — 213860
五、發明説明(28 ) 有機溶劑係用〔作締合劑供先質粒子之用。該粒子間交聯剩 亦用作一表面文辨劑。該象集It ( fp-該經締合之先質粒子 及含水混合物)隨後藉如上所述之擠製及滾壓技術之纽合 成形為密化之片狀。該粒子間交聯剩隨後絰加熱而與取: 物物料反應而在先質粒子間形成交聯婕,以製成粒子間交 聯衆集技巨結構物及同時對結果所得之巨结搆物之先質粒 子諸表面施以表面交聯。 •It·. 4· 在某種情況下,該所得巨结搆物可呈某種程度剛性及跪 性。较呈挽性之巨結構物可由多種方式製得。舉例而言, 可於粒子間交聯反應完成後在巨结搆物中加入增塑劑。迷 當之增塑劑包括水,高分子量親水性有機溶劑(例如丙三 醇,1,3—丙二醉;或已二酵),或聚合溶液(例如裝c 烯酵或聚G二路),或其混合物。增盥劑可依多種不同方 法施加於巨結搆物包括嘖暹,塗後,嘖霧,浸清,或撤布 該溶液於巨结搆物上‘。另外之方式,在用水之情況時,可 將巨結搆物經由置於高濕度環境中(例如高於7〇 %之相對 濕度)加入增塑劑。增塑劑亦可加至含有可聚合單禮之反 應前混合物中,而單按係隨後經反應而形成粒子間聚合交 聯鍵。在此一情況中,增塑劑係於交聯反應中被夾蒂入粒 子間交聯鍵结搆物中。存在於溶液中之增塑劑之责端视所 用特定增塑剤而遴定。典型情況,增塑劑係按重量計脚份 先質粒子含有按重量計自約〇 〇1份至約1〇〇份。 如圏1 一 3所示,該結果所得巨結構物在部接之先質粒 子間具有微孔(顯撖照相之暗色區域)。該等撤孔在郎接 甲 4(210X297^^*) 213860 A6 B6 五、發明說明(29) 先質粒子間係— 小空味,得以允許液技通遏進入巨结搆物之 内部。該等撤孔_.{系構成於.巨结構物内,因為,縱在被签維 時,先質粒子並未.充份幣密「裝配」或填裝,以消除該等 微孔。(先質粒子之填裝效率係低於i)。該等徵孔一般 係小於搆成之先質粒子及在先質粒子間提供毛細管以输送 液髖進入巨结構物之内部。 該等徵孔係藉撤孔間之互通管道而彼此相連接。該等管 逭允許接觸巨结搆物之液技絚由毛細管力量(郎被形成毛 細管通逭)運送至巨结搆物之其他部份,因之巨结搆物之 總容積被用於吸收此種液殖。再者,當膨脹時,該等徵孔 及互通管逭尤許液技通遇巨结搆物到達駔液髖接觸原始點 遙遠之各先質粒子層,或到達與巨结構物接觸之其他结搆 物。因此,該巨结構物由於該等撖孔及互通管遑而被想為 呈液技可滲透性。 空味部份(郎包撖孔及管遑之巨结構物之總容積)具 有對特定先質粒子尺寸分佈之最低值。一般而言,先質粒 子尺寸分佈越狭小。空味部汾將愈高。因此,较佳者為在 一密化狀態下提供较高之空珐部份,先質粒子具有较狹小 之頓粒尺寸分佈。 本發明巨结構物之另外特色為當液禮沉積於或接觸於巨 结構物時,縱在相當之封閉壓力下,巨結構物仍大坆呈均 質方式膨脹》本文所用均質方式膨脹意指當巨結構物沾濕 時,將會向所有方向大致均等膨脹。均贺方式膨脹為巨結 構物之一重要特性,因為先質粒子與徹孔均能保持彼等之 (請先閑«背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .装· .打. •線. 甲4(2l〇X 297公发) 31 - 213860 A6 B6 五、發明說明(30 ) 相閼幾何灃態二及空間閼係,縱在使用中當其膨脹時,其存 在之毛細管通遣_.郎使不擴.大亦仍能保·持。(徽孔及先質粒 子於膨脹時會變大_)。因此,巨結構物可吸取及(或)通 過其本身輸送另增之液禮货荷而同時不致疹凝阻塞。 交聯踺係在先前獨立之先質粒子間之巨結構物中生成之 —種顯示,亦卸结果所得之巨結構物係呈流髖c郎液技) 穩定性。本文所用「流髖穩定性J意指含有粒子間交聯象 集tt之巨结構物,於與含水流tt相接觸或膨脹時(在有應 力及(或)無應力下),仍保持實質上不變動(卸,大部 先前獨立组份先質粒子仍保持結合於一起)β雖然流嬗 穩定性之定義承認大部汾先質粒子保持結合於一起,较佳 者為用以製成巨結構物之所有先質粒子仍保持結合於一起 。但是應了解老為若干先贺粒子可能使其本身自巨结構物 分離,設若,舉例而言,其他粒子隨後被水凝猿於巨结構 物。 i 流體穩定性為本發明巨结構物之一重要特色,因為其能 尤許聚集tt於乾蝶及膨脹狀態兩者時保持其相對結構,及 因為其使組份先質粒子不變動。在例如吸收·性構件或吸收 性物品之一種成品中,流技穩定性在減少疹莜阻塞方面為 有利,因為先質粒子縱當與水接觸時仍保持於取集,且允 許以一取集椬形式使用先前獨立之細粒子以增加结果所得 巨結構物之流體吸取率,而不引致疹凝阻塞之因素。 流禮穩定性可藉兩步騄方法在一象集理巨结搆物中測出 。先觀察該聚集蹬巨结搆物於與含水流技接觸時之起始動 甲4(210X297公«) - 32 - - ..................................J ................装..............................訂.l· ....................緣 (請先閑讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) • if; 一 A6 B6 213860 五、發明說明(31 ) · 態反應,及然後觀察該聚集技巨結搆物充份膨脹之平衡狀 態。依捸此等規.範用以測定流體穩定-性之試驗方法將於下 文試驗方法章節中說明。 在使用中’沉積於巨结搆物或與其相接觸之液技係由先 質粒子所吸取,或被送入撳孔中及輸送至巨結搆物之其他 部徐’液技在該部汾被其他先質粒子吸取或經過巨結構物 被输送至與其郎近之其他吸收性構件中。 躅4 — 6顯示本發明之另一具椬賁例,其中該等先質粒 子包含不同之形狀及化學品。該等先質粒子係由不規定形 狀之顿粒及纖維(卸超吸收性纖維)之混合物組成。在圖 4 - 6所示之具髖實例中,該纖維係Fibers〇rb竦維,可 自 Arco Chemical Company of Wilmington,DE 獲得者。 圈4顯示此種巨結搆物之一般形狀。如圓4所示,該等軾 維提供一基質,其中在顆粒之間形成較小之黴孔,及圍絶 纖維形成較大之徽兑‘。圏5更詳細顯示有閼撖孔之形狀及 尺寸及該等额粒係被粒子間交聯於職維。圏6詳細顯示藉 加入纖維及粒子/纖維结合而在巨结搆物中形成之大徵孔 及管違。 與顆粒相沉合之超吸收性纖維之相對量可作廣泛變化。 舉例而言,該巨结構物可僅由超吸收性織維構成;結果所 得之巨結構物具有非織織維辋之外觀。在圏4 _ 6中所示 之具禮實例中,該超吸收性纖維係以按先質粒子總量之重 量計含有自約0.1%至約50%,較佳老自約0.5%至約1〇 f 4(210X297 公沒) —33 — (請先聞«背面之注意事項再填寫本页) •装· .訂. .緣· A6 B6 213860 昱、發明说明(32) .,一 當超吸枚性磯維含有一部汾先質粒子時,該等婕維較佳 者為與其他先質粒子徹底混合,俾使-纖維被混雜於許多不 同先質粒子之間。 圖7顒示本發明巨結構物之另一具蹬實例,其中例如纖 維(織維或竦維材料)之加強搆件被填入巨結構物中。加 強構件提供膨脹之巨結構物以強度(郎结構之完整性)。 在若干具椬實例中,加強竦維亦提供將液髖快速蕊吸至巨 結構物其他部份及(或)另增吸收性物料之搆件。加強構 件较宜於包含纖維(亦稱作加強織維);但亦可使用其他 材料例如絲’盤振,網’不織網,編織網,或為因彼等強 化特性遇知之稀鬆布。圖7顒示一種具殖實例,其中蒎略 職維被洗雜於整個巨結構物中。詳言之,聚賠纖維被包含 於互通管道内以對巨结構物提供增加之膨脹結構完整性。 不同類型之纖維物料可應用於本發明巨结構物之加強構 件中。遑用於習用吸放性產物之任何類型纖維物料亦遑用 於本案之巨结構物中。此種纖維物料之特殊實例包括纖維 素織維,變性竦維素纖維,螺縈,聚丙烯,及聚賭職維, 例如聚對笨二甲酸已二踣(DACRON ),親水性尼龍( HYDR0FIL )等。供本發明中使用之其他織維物料之實例 ,除已述及者外,為親水化之疏水性織維,例如自浓烯烴 類諸如聚烯或聚丙烯,聚丙蟬酸類,聚醯胺類,聚笨乙 烯類,聚氦基甲酸類等,獲得之經表面活化處理或矽處 理之熱塑性纖維。事實上,親水化之疏水性纖維其本身並 不極具吸收性,及因此放不提供可用於習用吸收性结搆中 (請先《讀背面之这意事項再填寫本頁) .裝· •打:·( 甲 4(210X 297乂发) -34 - A6 B6 213860 ΐ、發明說明(33) , * 有充扮吸收能·量之網,作並自把,j>> -β Λ* U. 1一四其良好芝蕊吸特性之故而適用 於本發明之巨結構物中此值 丫。此係因為在本案之巨結構物中職 維之蕊吸傾向,#P.或不較竦維物料本身之吸收能量更重要 ,但由於本發明巨結構物之高流椬吸取率及缺少疹鞮阻塞 特性亦具同等重要。合成織維一般較宜於在本案中用作巨 結搆物之纖維纽份。最宜者為聚烯烴竦維,而以聚賭織維 為校佳。 可在本案某些巨结搆物中使用之其他職維素竦維物料為 經化學方式硬化之纖維素織維。较佳之化學方式硬化之竦 維素織維為絰硬化、扭轉、掾曲之鐵維素纖維,核等纖維 可用交聯劑藉内部交聯纖維素纖維而袋成。可在本案中用 作親水性纖維物料之各類硬化、扭轉、捲曲之纖維素纖維 經詳述於1989年12月19日授予狄恩等人(Dean et al.) 命名為「個刿化交聯纖維及其製法J之美國第4,888,〇93 號專利案;1989年12月26曰授予海隆等人(Herron et a1·)命名為「製造具遺原殘渣之個刿化交聯織維之方法 及其竦維」之美國第4,889,595號專利案;1989年12月 26曰授予波朋等人(Bourbon et al.)命名為「製造含有 個别化硬化竦維之濕敫结構物之方法」之美國第4,889,597 號專利案;及1990年2月6曰授予莫耳箏人(Moore et al.)命名為「扭轉之化學方式硬化之竦維及由此製得之 吸收性结搆物」之美國第4,898,647號專利案。各該專利 案併述於此以供參考。 如在本文所用,「親水性」一詞說明竦維或織維之表面 甲 4(210X297 公发) (請先聞讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本頁) .装. • · · ·( .線· -35 - 213860 A6 _____B6 玉、發明说明(34 ) . 一 係由沉積於織雒上之液技所沾濕(郎水或含水身技流出物 可輊易散布於纖維之表面上,而無闞-乎纖維是否實際上吸 取流理或形成凝耀·)。有闞物料沾濕技餐之狀況尤許以液 技及相關固誼之接觸角度及表面張力之觀點而為疏水性( 及沾瀛)之定義。此點絰在由柯特(R〇bert: F. Gould ) 編搆及於1964獲版權之美國化學學會出版品「接觸角度 ,可滿性,及勒着性」中詳論。當液髖與竦維或表面間之 接觸角係小於90。時,或當液谊趣於橫過職維之表面同時 散佈時,纖維或纖維之表面乃被想為可由液技所沾濕;通 常兩種情況同時存在。 纖維物料可按下述加至巨结構物中,將竦維與粒子間交 躑劑導入溶液中,在施加粒子間交聊劑之前先與先質粒子 相混合,或藉將職維物料加至粒子間交聯劑/先質粒子混 合物内,再加入巨結構物中。在較佳之具椬實例中,織維 物料係被插捏入粒子別交聊劑/先質粒子混合物中。较佳 者,職維物料係與溶液充份混合以使職維物料均勾分散於 整個巨結構物。職維亦較宜於在使粒子間交聯剤與先質粒 子之聚合物物料起反應之前加入。 與先質粒子混合之職維物料之相對數量可作廣泛變化。 較佳者纖維物料係以按每!〇〇份先質粒子之重量計自约〇 份至約5份,較宜者自約〇.5份至約2份之一範困加入者 Ο 多孔吸收性裝合巨結構物可在許多用途範園中供許多目 的使用。舉例言之,巨結搆物可供作包裝容器之用;暴品 甲 4(210X297 " - 36 ~ -------. {請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本筲) .装. •線. 213860 A6 B6 五、發明說明(35 ) ί請先聞讀背面之注意事項再«寫本页) 運送裝置;傷T處清潔裝置;燒傷處理裝置;離子交換柱材 料;攻集材料;、農餐或園餐材料例如-種子片材或水份保持 材料;及工業用違例如游栗或油脫水劑,用以防止露形成 之材料,乾燥劑,及濕度控制材料。 本發明之多孔吸收性聚合巨鲒構物當结合於一栽技時係 屬有用。在本發明中可用之载踫包括如竦維素織維之吸枚 性物料。該種栽髖亦可為本技蕃中巳知之任何其他栽禮, 例如不織網,織物網,泡沫,聚丙烯駿職維,開孔之聚合 網,合成鐵維,金屬箔,彈性禮等。巨结構物可直接或間 接方式結合於载《及絰由已知之化學或物理结合法與其鲒 合例如勒合劑或化學品,經反應而將巨結構物勒着於载殖 Ο 由於本發明多孔变收性聚合巨结搆物之獨特吸收特性, 該巨結構物特別遑於供吸收性物品作吸收蕊«之用,尤其 如可去紊之吸收性品。如本文所用,該「吸收性物品」 一詞係指吸收及持留身技滲出物之物品,及詳言之係指置 於抵靠或貼近戴用者身椬以吸收及持留身髖排出之各種滲 出物之物品。另外,「可丟紊」吸收性物品係指該等於一 次使用後郎予廢紊之用品(卸,該原始之吸收性物品以其 整椬不意圓洗灌或恢復以作為吸收性物品再予使用,雖然 某些材料或所有吸收性物品可予再循環再使用,或合成) 。一種可丟紊吸收性物品,尿布汾,之較佳具體實例示於 圓8。如本文所使用,「尿布」一詞係指一般為要兒及失 禁人士所穿用之衣物,且係圓繞戴用者之下技穿戴者。但 ΐ 4(210X297^:发) '~二 37 ---~~ - 213860 A6 B6 昱、發明说明(36 ) 應了解老為本發明亦遑用於其他吸收性物品例如失禁人士 用内#,失禁人士用餐,訓練用褲·,尿布插入物,衡生梯 ,面紙,紙巾等。 圈8為本發明尿布2〇之透视颶,於其結構之部份被切開 以更清楚顯示尿布20之構造及以尿布20之接觸戴用者之部 份面向觀看者,於其未封閉之狀態(卽所有彈性導入封閉 物被移除)。圏8顯示尿布2〇較佳者包含一液踫可滲透之 頂片38 ;與頂片38相接合之液技不滲透之背片4〇 ;位於頂 片38及背片40間之吸故性蕊髖42,弹性構件私;及香蒂固 定片46。雖然頂片38,背片40,吸收性蕊技42及彈性構件 44可组合成多種已知之構型,但一種较佳之尿片搆型大致 鼓述於1975年1月Μ日授予絶爾(Kenneth B. Buel 1 ) 命名為「可丢紊尿布用之可收縮側部」之美國笫3,86〇〇〇3 號專利案,該案併述於此以供參考。可丟棄尿布另外之較 佳構型亦經揭示於1989年2月28日授予阿齊(Mohammed I. Aziz )及白蘭尼(Ted L Blaney )命名為「具有設 置防漏部份之彈性化後片之可丟紊咴收性物品」之美國第 4,808, 178號專利案;1987年9月22日授予勞森(
Michael I· Lawson )命名為「設有雙套扣之吸收性物品 」之美國第4,695,278號專利案;及19 89年3月28日授 予福爾是(John H. Foreman )命名為「設有持留袋之吸 收性物品」之美國第4,816,〇25號專利案。該等專利案併 述於此以供參考。 圏8顯π尿布20之较佳具椬實例,其中頂片龙及背片奶 ί請先閑讀背面之注意事項再填鸾本頁) •裝· .打.:( •綠·
213860 A6 B6 X、發明说明(37 ) 係呈共延伸性~及大《有較致收性蕊《42為大之長度及寬度 尺寸。頂片38係JE於背片40上方且與其相結合,因而構成 尿片20之周遑。該周邊界定尿布20之外方周園或遑緣。該 周邊包含端部遑緣32及縱長逄緣30。 頂片38係呈順應性,柔軟感,及對戴用老皮膚無刺激性 。此外,頂片38係液髖滲透性允許液髖迅速透過其厚度。 一種遑當之頂片38可由廣大範園之材料製成,例如多孔泡 沫,網狀泡沫,開孔之塑疹膜,天然纖維(例如木材或棉 鐵維),合成纖維(例如聚醃或聚丙烯纖維)或自天然及 合成織維之況合物。較佳老,頂片38係由將戴用者皮廣與 在吸收蕊髖42中之液玟隔開之一種疏水性材料製成。 一種特別较佳之頂片38包含具有約5旦數(denier ) 之短織維長度聚丙稀纖維,例如由Hercules, Inc. of Wilmington,Delaware 銷售之 Hercules 類 151 聚丙烯。 如本文使用,「短纖濰長度」係指具有至少約15 · 9毫米 C 0 · 62吋)長度之該種織維。 已有多種製造技術可用以製造頂片38。舉例而言,頂片 38可為编織,不織,坊招,忮理,等製成。一種較佳之頂 片係經梳理及利用精通紡織技餐之人士所熟知之熱結合而 製成。较佳者,項片38具有每平方公尺自約丨8至約25克之 重量’在機器方向中每厘米至少約4〇〇克之最小乾抗拉強 度’及在橫向機器方向中每厘朱至少約55克之濕抗拉強度 請 先 閑 面 之 注 項 '再 填 寫 .本 頁 打 背片40對液孩不渗透及校佳者為薄塑疹膜製成,但亦可
213860 A6 B6 昱、發明說明(38 ) 使用其他挽性液tt不滲透材料。背片奶防止被吸收及持留 於吸收性蕊tt 42.中之渗出物沾濕與尿布汾相接觸之物品如 床單及内衣。較佳,者,背片40為具有自约〇 〇12毫米( 0.5密耳)至約0.051毫米(2.0密耳)厚度之聚匕烯膜 ,但亦可使用其他挽性之液禮不渗透材料。如本文所使用 ,「挽性」一詞係指呈順應性及輕易符合於戴用者身技之 一般形狀及輪廊之各種材料。 遑用之聚 C* 烯膜係由 Monsanto Chemical Corporation 製造及在贸易中以膜號8020上市者,背片恥較佳老為絰 壓·花及C或)無光泽加工以提供较似布料之外觀。再老, 奇片40可允井蒸氣自变收性蕊體42通出,而同時仍防止滲 出物通遏背片40。 背片40之尺寸係由吸收性蕊技42之尺寸及所遴用實際尿 布設計所確定。在較佳之具體賁例中,背片牝具有一修改 之滴漏狀以園繞整個.尿布周邊伸出吸枚性蕊雔42至少約 1.3厘米至約2.5厘米(約〇.5至約i.o吋)之最小跟離 頂片38及背片40係用任何遑當方式接合於一起。如本文 所使用,「接合」一詞包括各種構型,因此頂片龙係將其 直接固定於背片40而直接接合於背片40 ,及將項片38固定 於中間構件,轉而將中間構件固定於背片40上,而間接 接合頂片38於背片40上。在較佳之具體實例中,頂片38及 ί片40係藉附着裝置(未示),例如黏着劑或任何本技* 中已知之其他附着裝置,在尿布周邊上彼此直接固定。舉 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) •装· .線.
A6 B6 213860 ΐ、發明説明(39) ' 例而言,可使:甩均勻連續之勒着劑層,成圖案形之勒着劑 (請先閑續背面<注意事項再填寫本页) 層,或分隔之線或點之勒着劑排列以-將頂片38固定於背片 40 〇 移·帶固定片46通常係施加於尿布20腰蒂區之背後以提供 將尿布固着於戴用老之扣接裝置。承蒂固定片恥可為本技 餐中巳知之任何形式,例如在1974年〗丨月19日授予绝爾 C Kenneth B. Buell )之美國第3,848,594號專利案中 揭示之扣接疹蒂,該案併述於此以供參考。此等疹蒂固定 片46或其他尿布扣接装罝典型地均施加於龛近尿布扨之各 角陴。 .打:( 各彈性構件44係配置於接近尿布2〇之周邊,較佳老為沿 各縱長邊緣30,因而使彈性搆件44會抵靠戴用者之各腿部 拉緊及持定尿布20。另外之方式,可將彈性構件私配置於 尿布20食近各端部邊緣32之一邊或兩迻,以提供腹部套和 外之一種腰帶。舉例而言,在1985年5月7日授予基威 (David J. Kievit )及真司德海棋(Th〇mas f.
Osterhage )命名為「有彈性收縮脒蒂之可丢紊尿布」之 美國第4,515,595號專利案揭示之一種遑當之腰蒂,併述 於此以供參考。此外,一種遑用於製造設有彈性可收缩彈 性構件之可丟棄尿布之方法及裝置係揭示於1978年3月 28日授予跑爾(Kenneth B. BueU )命名為「供連續固 着獨立之拉伸彈性蒂於可丟紊吸收性產物之預定分隔部份 之万法及装置」之美國第3〇1號專利案,該案併述 於此以供參考。
A6 B6 213860 五、發明説明(40 ) · 彈性構件44係以彈性可收縮狀況固着於尿布2〇 ,因之在 通常之自由構型—中,彈性.構件44將尿布20有效地收維或集 浆。彈性構件44可以一彈性可收缩狀況以至少兩種方式加 以固着。舉例而言,彈性搆件44可予拉伸及固着,而尿布 20則係在不收縮之狀況。另一種方式,尿布艽可藉例如折 疊而被收缩,及彈性搆件44被固着及連接於尿布% ,而同 時在其未放教或永拉伸之狀況。 在圖8例示之具技實例中,彈性構件私係沿尿布功長度 之一部份伸展。另外之方式,彈性構件私可伸展於尿布汾 之全長度,或適於提供—彈性收縮線之他禮長度 。彈性構件44 <長度係由尿布之設計加以確定 〇 彈性構件44可採取多種搆型。舉例言之,彈性搆件如之 寬度可自約0·25毫米(〇.〇1吋)至约万毫朱(ι〇吋) 或更大間變化;彈性‘構件44可包含單一彈性衬料蒂或可包 含若干平行或非平行之体性材料带;或彈性搆件糾可為長 方形或曲線形。再者,彈性搆件似可依本技餐中巳知之多 種方式之任一種固S於尿布。舉例而言,彈性構件私可使 用多種结合圓型以超聲波結合,熱及恩力密封於尿布如, 或彈性搆件44可單純疹勒於尿布2〇。 尿布20之吸收性蕊椬似係位於頂片龙及背片奶之間。吸 收性蕊體42可製成多種尺寸及形狀(例如長方形,滴谋形 不對稱也’等)及可用多種付料製成。但吸收性蕊技42 之總吸收性能量應與供吸收性物品或尿布之目的用途所設 ί請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) -¾. .打·:( .線.
發明说明(41 ) 2i386〇 計之液«負裁「相配合。此外,吸收性蕊玟似之尺寸及吸收 性能量可變化,.以配合自要兒至成入-範園之戴用者。該吸 收性蕊髖42包含本發明之多孔茨收性聚合巨结搆物。 尿布20之較佳具體實例具有長方形之吸收性蕊技42。如 圖9所示,吸收性蕊禮42較佳者包括一吸收性搆件你,含 有一包封網50及配置於包封網5〇内之多孔吸收性聚合巨結 構物52。該巨結搆物52係封裝於包封網%内以減少先質粒 子通過頂片移動之可能,及提供在頂片艾與巨結構物纪間 之另一液誼輪送層以加強液踫獲得及減低再濕。如圏9所 示,一單一包封網50係藉捐*圓繞巨结構物幻而包棬,以 形成第一層54及第二層%。包封網%之迻緣邡係藉任何習 用装置例如黏着劑59 (如圏示),超聲波結合,或熱/壓 結合,園繞其周迻予以密封,而形成一袋。包封網%可包 含多種材料包括不織網,紙網,或吸收性物料例如織維紙 之網。不織網较佳者1為視水性以允許液tt迅速通遏包封網 50。類似之層製吸收性構件(層合物)更充份敍述於 1986 年 3 月 25 日授予克拉瑪(Timothy A. Kramer ), 楊(Gerald A. Y〇ung )及柯克(R0naid W. Kock )命 名為「吸收性層合结搆物」之美國第4,578,068號專利案 ,併述於此以供參考。 另外之方式,本發明之吸收性蕊《42可由一或多個(許 多)本發明之多孔吸枚性猿合巨結構物單獨組成;可包含 包括r本發明巨結構物多層之组合物;或任何其他吸收性蕊 禮構造包括一或多個本發明之巨結構物。 甲 4 (210X297 公芨) 43 {請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) •装. •訂· •綠. 6 6 A3 213860 五、發明说明(42) (請先聞讀背面之注意事項存琪寫本筲) 圖10顯示尿布120之一另二具馥實例包含一雙層疚故性 蕊髏142,由一變髖之滴漏狀吸枚性·構件6〇及位於吸收性 構件60下層之多孔吸枚性聚合巨結搆物之片材位组成(郎 ,在吸枚性構件60與背片40之間)。 吸收性構件60用以快速收集及暫時持留棑出之液禮,及 藉自原始接觸點蕊吸此等液饉而輸送至吸收性搆件册之其 他部份及巨结構物片材62。該吸收性搆件6〇较佳者包含一 網或纖維材料之墊層。在吸收性構件6〇中可使用各類鐵維 材料例如前文所述及該等纖維物料。該吸收性搆件仞亦可 含有特定责之粒狀吸收性聚合组合物。舉例言之,吸收性 構件60可含有高達約為其重量50%之聚合組合物。在晨合 宜之具技實例中,吸枚性構件6〇含有按其重量計自〇%至 約8%之粒狀吸收性软合组合物。在另外之具技實例中, 吸收性構件60包含如前文所述之經化學方式硬化之織維素 軾維。在本發明中使‘用之吸收性構件6〇之例示具技實例經 鼓述於1987年6月16日授予威史是(Paul T. Weisman ) ,赫顿(Dawn I. Houghton ),及告利待(Dale A.
Gellert )命名為「具有雙層蕊椬之吸收性物品」之美國 第4,673,4〇2號專利案;及ι989年5月3〇曰授予亞利曼 尼 C Miguel Alemany )及柏格(charles j Berg )命 名為「具有較低密度及較低基率重量吸取區之高密度吸收 性構件」之美國第4,834,735號專利案。此等專利案併述 於此以供參考。具有一存做區及一吸取區之吸收性搆件, 其吸取區具有每單位面積较存儲區有较低之平岣密度及較 213860 A6 B6 ·£、發明说明(43) 低之平约基準:重量,因之該吸取區可有效地快速吸取排出 之液禮為本案中所用之特別较佳者。- 吸收性搆件6〇可呈任何所要之形狀,例如,長方形,概 圊形,長橢囬形,不對稱形或滴漏狀。吸收性構件抝之形 狀可界定所得尿布120之大致形狀。如颶1〇所示之较佳具 嫌實例中,來收性搆件6〇係呈滴漏狀。 本發明之巨結搆物片材62不必與吸收性搆件恥為同一尺 寸,及事實上可具有實質上較吸收性構件仞之表面區域為 小或較大之一頂表面。如圖1〇所示,該巨結搆物片材位係 较吸收性搆件60為小,及具有為吸收性搆件60之自約0.10 至约i·0倍之一頂表面’區域。最佳者為巨结搆物片付之 頂表面區墩僅為吸收性構件恥之自約〇1〇至約〇75倍, 及更佳者為自約〇.1〇至约〇 5倍。在一可取代具髖實例 中,吸收性構件60係较巨結構物片材為小, 結構物片材….25至約i.。倍,較佳者自約。.二巨 0.95倍之一頂表面區域。在此昝用之具谊實例中,吸收 性構件60較佳者包含化學方式硬化之纖維素纖維。 巨结構物片材62較宜於置放在尿布中與背片㈨及(或) 吸收性構件60相閣之—特定位置關係中。詳言之,巨結構 物片衬62係大致朝向尿布之前方定位,以使巨結構物罐 最有效定位以吸取及持留排出之液禮。 在另一較佳具技實例中,多個巨結構物,較宜者為自約 兩個至約六個巨結構物條或片,可用以取代圏賴示之單 -巨結構物片㈣。此外’在來收性兹孩142中亦可置入 甲 4 (210X297 2 沒) (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填鸾本页) f .¾. .線. 213860 A6 ~ - 一· ——— — __ B6 X、發明說明(44 ) —~ 另外之吸收性:層,搆件,或结構物。舉例言之,一另增之 吸收性搆件可位於巨結構物片材位與-背片奶之間,以提供 對吸收性蕊技142.及(或)—層之逆向能量,而使液禮通 過巨結構物片材62分佈至吸收性蕊體142或巨结構物片衬 62之其他部份。巨結構物片材位亦可另行置於吸故性構件 60之上方,以使其位於頂片龙與吸收性構件仞之間。 於使用中,給戴用者穿蒂尿布2〇時,係將背後胺帶區置 於戴用者背部,及在戴用者兩胰之間拉出尿布功之其餘部 汾,因之該前方腰帶區係位於橫遇戴用老之前面。然後將 疹蒂固定片46固定,較宜老,於尿布2〇之面朝外之區蛾。 使用時,结合本發明多孔吸收性聚合巨結搆物之可丟紊尿 布或其他吸收性物品,由於該巨结搆物之高吸收能量,故 會吏快及有效分佈及存傩液髖,且保持乾螵。 合成尿 在本發明試驗方法.中使用之待殊合成尿於本文中稱作「 合成尿」β該合成尿通常稱作Jayc〇 SynUrine及可自 Jayco Pharmaceuticals Company 〇f Camp Hill, Pennsylvania獲得。該合成尿之式為:2.0克/升之氣 化鉀;2.0克/升之硫醆钠;0.85克/升之磷醆二氩按 ;0.15免/升之磷醆氩二銨;〇.19克/幵氣化鈣及 〇. 2 3克/升之氣化鎂。所有此等化學品均為試劑級。合 成尿之pH係在6.0至6.4之範固。 試驗方法 Α· 先質粒子之吸收能量 甲 4(210X297 父发) —46 — ..................................--................^...................................^:_\ ......................^ {請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 213860 A6 …-------- - 一 _ · 86 夏、發明说明(45 ). • ♦ k 將聚合组合7物置於一「茶袋」内,浸沒於一超量之合成 尿内達一特定之時段,及然後使之觫-心達一特定之時段。 聚·合組合物於離心作用後之爰後重量減起始重量(淨流獲 復得)對起始重量之比確定該吸收能量。 下列程序係在2:}。(:( 73°F )及50%相對濕度之標準實 驗室條件下實施。使用一 6厘米X12厘米切割模,將茶袋 物料加以切割,以一半長度相捐疊及用一「T」一桿密封 器沿兩側加以密封以製成6厘米X 6厘米茶袋方塊。所用 之茶袋材料係1234級可熱密封之材料,係自C.Η.
Dexter, Division of the Dexter Corp., Windsor
Locks, c〇nnecticut,u.s.A.獲得者,或其相當物。設 若需要持留細粒子,應使用較低撳孔茶袋材料。將〇 2〇〇 克± 0.00 5克之聚合组合物里於一種重紙上稱重及移轉至 茶袋内,及將茶袋之頂部(開口端)加以密封。將一空茶 袋在頂部密封及用作‘空包。將約300毫升合成尿倾入一具 1〇〇〇毫升块杯中。將空包茶袋浸入合成尿中。將盛有象 〇組合物之茶袋(樣品茶袋)保持於水平方式以使物料在 整個茶袋内均勻分佈。將茶袋平放於合成尿之表面上。使 茶袋沾濕達不超遇一分鐘之時段,及然後充份浸沒及濡透 達60分鍾。於第一纽樣品浸透後約兩分鐘,將與第一组空 包及樣品茶袋同樣方式製馕之第二组茶袋,以與第一組之 同一方式予以沒沒及濡透達6〇分鐘。於規定之浸濡時間完 成後,對茶袋樣品之每一组,自合成尿内迅速移出茶袋( 使用夾具)。然後將各樣品按下述旄以離心作用。所用之 甲 4(210X297- 47 — ------ ί請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝· .線· A6 oe 2138^^ 五、發明説明(46 ) {請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本霣) 維 心-器為 Deiux Dynac II 離心器,Fisher Model No. 05-100-26,可..自 Fisher Scientific Co. of Pittsburgh, PA.獲得,或相當者。該離心器應設置一直接讀出轉速表 及一電動制動器。該離心器另外配備有一圓苘狀插入藍, 設有约2.5吋(6.35厘米)高外壁,其外桎為8.435吋 (21.425厘米),内徑為7.935吋(20.155厘米),及 一 9排每排約106個3/32吋(0.238厘米)直桎圆孔園繞 _ 外壁囬周成相等間隔,及設有一籃底板,具有6個K吋( 0.635厘米)直徂国形排出孔,以自外壁内表面至排出孔 之中心Μ吋(1· 27厘米)之一距離,固繞籃底板之圓周 成相等間隔設置,或一種相當物。該藍係安裝於離心器中 以利與離心器一致旋轉以及制動。該等樣品茶袋係被定位 於離心器篮中,以茶袋之摺綦端位於離心器旋轉之方向以 及收該起始力f。該等空包茶袋係置於相應樣品茶袋任一 側。第二組樣品茶袋必需置於第一组樣品茶袋之相對處; 及第二組之空包茶袋則位於第一組空包茶袋之相對處以平 衡離心器。使離心器啓動及快速滑動至i500 rpm (分嫂 /轉數)之穩定速度。一旦離心器已被穩定於15〇〇 rpm, 將一計時器設定於3分鐘。於3分鐘後,閣斯離心器及施 加制動力。將第一组樣品辜來及第一姐空包茶袋取下及分 別稱重。對第二组樣品茶袋及第二組空包茶袋重複同樣程 序。對每一樣品之吸收能量(ac )係計算如下:ac =( 離心作用後樣品茶袋重量減離心作用後空包茶袋重量減乾 澡聚合組合物重量)被(乾燥猿合组合物重量)除。本案 —48 — 甲 4(210X297 公廣) 2138^0
九、發明説明(47 ) 所用4¾收終章值係兩组樣品之平均吸收能I。 B.流髖穩定性 ί請先閑#背面<注意事項再填寫本頁) 本方法之目的為確定一聚集技當曝露於合成尿時之穩 性。 •打· 將樣品巨結搆物置於一空盤中。將超量之合成尿加至巨 结構物。觀察巨结構物之膨脹直至達到均衡。在膨脹之巨 結搆物之觀察中,觀看巨結構物中是否有小粒子自主聚集 技脫開,或僅在二元之x_y平面中粒子膨脹而自主聚集 鳢有粒子脫開及浮走。設若浓集蹬有大量脫開之組份粒子 ,則認為該巨結搆物不穩定。亦應對巨结構物觀察其均質 性膨脹。假若在試驗程序後,該浆集技仍保持較穩定及先 質粒子之相對幾何型態及空間關係及徽孔仍保持不變,則 該巨结搆物係認為穩定。校佳者,流禮穩定之巨結搆物係 能在其膨脹狀態時可被拾取而不脫落。 C·多質粒子尺寸及贺量平均粒子尺寸 •線· 在丨0克先質粒子於整技樣品之重量百分比基碾上之粒子 尺寸分佈係由將樣品通遇自檁準# 2〇篩(850撤米)至櫺 準# 400篩(龙微米)尺寸範園之一纽19具篩而確定。該 等篩具為可自 Gilson Company, inc. of Worthington,
Ohio,獲得之標準篩。該程序係一次在三疊篩具上施行, 因為所用設備不能一次保持所有19具篩。第一疊包含养汾 ,25,30,35,40,杉,及50篩加篩盆;第二疊包含养仞 ,70,8〇,丨〇〇 ’ UO及MO篩加篩盆;第三疊包含# 17〇 ’ 200,230,270,325,及400篩加篩盆。留在每一 甲 4(210X297 H) 213860 A6 56 2·、發明说明(48) 此等篩具上之,先質粒子然後加以稱重,以確定在重量百分 - . · * 比基準上'之粒于尺寸分佈。 將第一疊篩.具安_裝於一震動器上及將10.0克士 〇· 〇〇克 之樣品置於#20篩上。所用之震動器為可自Gils〇I1 Company,Inc. of Worthington,Ohio,獲得之震動式 3 叶蒒震動器·型號SS-5。該疊篩在每分鐘約21 〇〇.次震動下 震動3分鐘。(儀器號盤上之「6」)。然後取下篩盤及 將該疊置於一側供其後稱量。使用一軟刷滯留於篩盤上之 樣ΡΟ移入稱量紙上。將第二疊篩安裝於震動器上,及將在 稱量紙上之樣品移入#6〇篩上。將第二疊篩在每分鐘約 21〇〇次震動下震動3分鐘,將滯留於篩盤上之樣品移入 稱量紙及將該ft篩置於一側。將第三疊篩安裝於震動器_上 及將在稱量紙上之樣品移入φ i 7〇篩上。使第三疊篩在每 分鐘約2100次震動下震動3分鐘。使用軟刷將每“特定 薛中之内容物移入配,衡之稱量紙上。將樣品在一標準三位 置天秤上量重及將在特定薛上之樣品重量加以記蘇。對每 一樣品,每一篩及於第三鲞篩被震動後在篩盤上滯留之樣 品使用新鮮之稱量紙重後此項步騄。對另外兩次丨〇克樣品 重後該方法。對每一篩三種樣品之重量之平均數確定對每 一筛尺寸之重量百分比基準上之平均粒子尺寸分佈。 對10克整技樣品之質量平均粒子尺寸係計算如下: maps Σ ( D , X μ Σ Μ,
(請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) •装· .打· •綠. A6 Bft 2138^0 五、發明說明(49 ) 其中maps為脅·量平均粒子. 看1·.. 寸,.M,為粒子在待定篩上之 重量,及I為對特定薛之「尺寸麥·數」。D,,薛之尺寸 麥數定義係指次一最高薛之尺寸(微米 準#50篩具有355微米之尺+灸虹 之,锞 米 寸麥數,此係對應於標準# 45 筛(次一最高薛)中 一两歸J中開孔之尺寸。本文所用質量平均粒子 尺寸係二種樣品之質量平均粒子尺寸之平均數。 立質粒子 一加套之κ)幵雙臂不鮮鋼混合器,在開m2〇毫米 X 240毫米及在深度為24〇毫米,及設有12()毫米旋轉直 徑之兩具Sigma型案片,用一蓋予以密封。由包含於重量 百分比單技製成一含水單技落液。該單禮包含75莫耳百分 比^^及二將5500克之含 水單技溶液注入混合器容器内,隨後用氮氣予以清洗以移 除滯留之挾入之空氣。然後將兩具Sigma型葉片設定於奶 轉/分鐘之速率旋轉‘,並藉通過35 .c之水將水套加熱。加 入2.8克過硫醆鈉及⑴^克乙―抗壌血醆作為裝合作用 引發剤。在加入引發劑後約4分鐘聚合作用開始。在加入 引發劑後15分鐘反應系統内達到韵.C之尖本溫度。於掩伴 持續中,水合之疹凝聚合物被分散成約5毫米尺寸之粒子 。於聚合作用開始後60分鐘自混合器移除蓋,並自混合器 取出該物料。 將由此獲得之水合含水疹凝聚合物分散於標準尺寸 金屬線網上及用150°C之熱空氣乾燥90分鐘。將乾澡之粒 子用錘式壓碎器碾壓成扮,並用標準#20篩(850微米) 甲 4(210X24"m) {請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) _裝- • · ·( •線. A6 66 互、發明说明(5〇 ) 篩遴而獲得通_通標準#20篩之粒子。此盆拉立 双丁 此等粒子之質董 粒子尺寸為405.徽米。 實例1 將根據先質粒子實例製ΐΓΓ50.0克先質粒子置於5夸 脫之直立厨式混合器中。該等先質粒子具有之 其通過標準#㈣f结留閉,,找由微辛.)0克丙三醇 ,35.0克甲醇及7.0克水奴成之一溶液。將此溶液用可 自 Precision Valve Corporati〇n 〇f Y〇nkers,Νγ 獲得 之Preval噴運器嘖運於先質粒子上。於喷溪該溶液在先 質粒子上之同時混合器在操作中’。在嘖暹之最先十五秒鍾 ,該混合落係以其最低速度定位逯轉。於最初之十五秒後 ,混合器以其最高定位運轉。全部噴遭作黹需要3分鐘以 噴運整個溶液量於先質粒子上。將混合物在混合器之最高 速度定位再加以混合另外兩分鐘,俾使所有先質粒子徹底 由溶液所沾漏。然後‘將所得混合物罝於如前文所述之擠製 /愿維機組之漏斗中。該挤製器螺絲具有8吋(20.3厘 米)之長度及包含5鈒,每級為15吋(3. 8厘米)長度 。該挤製器螺絲之外側直俚為1.75吋(4.45厘米)及螺 絲對外殻之間味為0.20吋(· 51厘米)。該機組係被啓 動以使擠製器螺絲以价轉/分鐘之速率轉動。該混合物係 在兩經塗佈之鋼製壓缩滾(壓送漆)間以一固定之(但亦 可變)間味擠褽。該等壓縮滾具有8 975吋(22.8厘米 )之直但及保以5.4轉/分鐘之速率被騍動。兩磨縮滾之 間之間隙為0.015叶(0.38厘米)。然後該等製成之取 甲 4(210X297 乂沒) (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .装· •訂· •線. A6 B6 213300 ΐ、發明说明(51) 集鳢片被分成、約!2至!5吋(3〇至 種、'3〇至4°厘米)長度》將所得聚 集技片在21〇。。之強制空氣對流坡中-加熱45分嫂 三醇與先質粒子之聚合物物料反應。所得之片材具有約 0.031叶(〇.8理米)之展廢、 不J孓尋度(卡尺)及約1.95吋( 4.9S厘米)之寬度。 —實例2 製備由〇.5 ,〇·5克水,及3 〇美異丙稃组馬 之一-ϋ液。將此溶液旄加於按先質粒子實例製成之25克 先質粒子上。該等先質粒子具有之粒子尺寸致使其能通過 標料40筛(425徽米)及被淨留於襟準#5〇筛(3〇〇徹 米)上。用一桄拌刮杓徹底混合該混合物直至所有先質粒 于均被上述溶液所塗後。將混合物分成约為相等之部份。 將一半混合物均句散布於一種SUPERSTONE烘烤石上,該 石可自 Sassafras Enterprises Inc 〇f Evanst〇n, il. 獲得。將該混合物輕‘輕餍擠於該石上。將〇 16克k〇del 聚醏纖維均句散布於製成之混合物上。該聚賠織維為1. μ 叶(3.2理米)短纖維切斬長度,絰棬曲之15 〇旦數織 維。該起始泥合物之第二半數係予均勾散布於該等織維之 頂部及輕輕壓擠。然後將此整個結構物用一木製滾壓銷加 以滚磨達約〇.〇6吋(丨.5厘米)之厚度。將一片mylar 置於該片材之項部以供滾壓,用以防止該混合物勒附於滚 I銷上。然後將片材各邊緣指向其本身及重後滾壓處埋。 實施兩次此種捐回/滾壓(揉捏)程序。然後將該片付置 於200°C之強制空氣循環爐中加热達45分鐘,以使丙三醇 甲 4 (210X297 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .装. .線· 53 213— A6 ‘· - - , Ββ ϊ、發明説明(52) ' — · 與先質粒子之·聚合物物料起反應 '結果所得之巨结搆物具 有约〇. 吋(丨.5厘米)之厚度(.卡尺)。 \ 實例3 製備由1.6克丙三醇,3.2克水及12 8克異丙醇纽成 之一溶液。將此溶液旄加於根據先質粒子實例製成之骀克 先質粒子上。先質粒子具有一粒子尺寸分佈,因之得按重 量計8%通過標準#2〇篩(85〇撖米)及滯留於標準养邓 篩(600镟米)上;按重量計通遏榡準#3〇篩( 撤米)及被滯留於標準#40篩(425撤米)上;按重责計 22%通過標準#40篩(425徽米)及被滯留於榡準#5〇篩 (300做米)上;按重量計龙%通遇標準# 5〇篩(3〇〇徹 米)及被滯留於標準#丨〇〇篩(15〇徽米)上;及按重f計 19 %通遏標準#1〇〇篩(i5〇微米)。將此溶液使用一挽拌 刮构予以徹底沉合直至所有先質粒子均被上述溶液所塗後 。然後將所得之混合s物疏鬆散布於SUPERSTONE烘烤石上 ’及使用木製滾壓銷旄予滾壓成具有約〇.〇6吋(1<5厘 米)厚度之片材。在供滾鏖之片材頂上置放一片MYLAR, 以便防止混合物點着於滾壓銷上。然後將片材置於強制空 氣循環爐中於200° C加熱達45分鐘,以使丙三醇與先質粒 子之聚合物物料起反應。所得之巨结構物具有約〇.〇6吋 (1.5厘米)之厚度(卡尺)。 實例4 製備由0.342克丙三游·,0.136克水,及1.713克肀醇 組成之一種溶液。依分開之方式,將可自Arco Chemical {請先《讀背面之注意事項再填宵本頁) ♦装· .線. 甲4(210\297 7沒) 一54 —
A6 PC 213860 昱、發明說明(53 )
Company獲得之0.512克FIBERSORB纖維及按先質粒子實 例製成及所有粒子通過標準#1〇〇薛(15〇撤米)尺寸之 丄3.364克先質粒于加以混合構成先質粒子混合物。纖維 係由一纖維束用手切割及在自約〇. 5吋(1 25厘米)至 约2.5吋(6.35厘米)長度之範困。將上述溶液加至先 質粒子混合物内及用攪拌刮构徹底混合於一起以形成一象 集技混合物。將所得聚集珑混合物散布於一具六吋(15厘 米)PYREX埒養盤上,及用一小刮杓鋈擠達約〇15吋( 3.8毫米)之厚度。然後將此片材置於強制空氣循環爐内 於200°C加熱40分鐘,以使丙三酵與先質粒子之聚合物物 料起反應(FIBERSORB之聚合物及在先質粒子實例中製成 之粒子兩者)。所得巨结搆物具有較小不規則狀顆粒及與 顆粒相混合之竦維相纽合之粒狀结構物。 實例5 製请由〇· 023克丙1三酥,0.014克水,及〇. 580克甲酵 組成之一種溶液。將此溶液加至包含FIBERSORB纖維(可 由Arco Chemical Company獲得)之0.880克先質粒子中 。該等織維係自一織維束用手切割及在自約0.5吋(1.25 理米)至約2.5吋(6.35厘米)之長度範園。將該溶液 與先質粒子用一攙袢刮构徹底混合於一起以形成一取集鳢 既合物。將所得聚集禮混合物散布於一具6吋(15厘米) PYREX墙養盤上,並用小刮杓餍擠達約0.007吋(0.178 毫米)之厚度。然後將該片材里於一強制空氣循環爐内於 200° C加熱3〇分鐘,以使丙三醉與先質粒子之聚合物物料 (請先«讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝· .打…(. •缘. 甲 4(210X297 父沒) 一 55 — 213860 五、發明説明(54 ) 一 起反應°所得之巨結搆物包含具有類似不織網之結構物之 一種纖維間交聯聚集技。 雖然本發明之獨特具禮實例已予例示及說明,但對精通 本技藝之人士而言顯然可在不脫離本發明之精神及範園下 達成各種其他之改變及變技。因此在本發明範因内之所有 此種改變及變fit均應涵蓋於下列申請專利範園中。
Claims (1)
- 一種多孔吸收性聚合巨结構物,含有粒子間交輝架集理肀 4(210x297 公发) 包含 ()·實質上水不溶之及灰-性水凝聲生成故a 物物料之許多先·質粒子及(ii)與丰述先質粒于之。 > 水10物 物料反應之粒,子間交聯劑,以’在先質粒子間形成交聯楚 丨丨上述粒子間交聯聚集蹬在該等郎接先質粒子間具有镟 孔,該等微孔係由互通管道相互連接,由此形成一液會 可滲透之巨结構物,該巨结構物之限定钇禮積係大於 丨10. 〇立方毫米。 、 2. 根捸申請專利範圍第i項之巨結構物,其中該等先質粒 子具有低於 600撖米之質量平均粒子尺寸。 3. _根據申請專利範園第^項之巨結構物,其中...該等先質粒 子具有低於 300微米之質量平均粒子尺寸。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第【項之巨結構物,其中該等先質粒 子含有織維。 5. 根捸申請專利範固項之巨結構物,其中該粒于間 交聯劑包含一種選自烯系歹飽和羧駿與駿酑,烯系不飽 和磺酸及其混合物之單體,係經聚合作而在該等先質粒 子間形成聚合交聯键。 β 6. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之巨結搆物,其中該取合物 ,料具有羧基,且該粒子間交聯劑具有至少兩個皆籠基,其 务子^與該等先質粒子聚合物物料之該狡基起反應 Ο 7·诗艮々备* 寻利範園第6項之巨結構物,其中該粒子間交 or先閑讀背兩之注意事項再填寫本頁} 坡· •訂· •線·2133C0 *— II 六、申請專利範® 聯劑係與水,有檨烫 、J 布钱在剩或其混合物相混合。 8. 根捸申請專利範圍第 项之巨結構物,其中該粒 梆聚集理係-被表面交螂者.。y 4粒子間交 9. 根據申請專利範園第1項之巨結構物,其另外包含埋入 巨結構物中之加強構件,係選自纖維、織熱絲、線圏、 .網布、不織網布、編織網,梯(麻)織品或其混合物 Ο ία根捸申請專利範面第丄項之巨結搆物,包含具有大於_ 250撖朱厚度之—片衬。 ' 比一種多孔吸收性聚合巨結構物,包含粒子間交聯聚集蹬, 其包含(i)實質上水不溶之吸枚性水凝疹生成之聚合 物物料之許多實質上乾燥之先質粒子,該等先質粒子之 聚,物物料係遴自水解:-之澱扮一丙烯 ® $技局部中和之浪松-丙缔腈接故共歡物; 令-¾ 共衆物;.局部中和之·嚴勒-丙稀酸接枝共聚电 八尼化文已締酷酸~丙烯酸賠共聚物類;水解之丙烯腈或~ 丙~稀链胺共聚物類;任何前述共聚物之輕微網路交聯產 物;局部中和之聚丙烯酸;或局部中和之聚丙烯酸之輕 微網路交聯產物;及(ii) 一種粒子間交聯劑與上述先質 、 v 粒子之.聚合物物料‘起反應而在該莩先質粒子間形成交聯 1 - 鍵,該粒子閃交聯劑係選自多元解化 合物類,聚縮水甘油瞇化合物類,多官能之氮丙啶化合 物類,多官能之按化合物類,及多官能之異氰酸醏化合 物類;該粒子閩交聯浓集扰具有在該等郎接先赁粒子間 甲 4(210X297 公釐) ΟίΡ先聞讀背两之注意事项再填寫本頁} 装· -訂· 人…線· A7 B7 C7 D7 213800 —------ 六、申锖專利範固 (請先W讀背兩之注意事項再填寫本頁) 之徹孔,鼓等撖孔係由互通管道相互連接以使巨结構物 係液禮可滲透,該巨結構物之限定乾菝積係大於 10〇. 0立方毫米。 t 12根拔申請專利範圍笫U項之巨鲒^物,其中該等先質粒 于含有硪維。 13·根故申請專利範面第I丨項之巨結構物,其中該等先it粒 子之質量平均粒子尺寸係低於-5σο撖朱。 •权埤申清專利範圍第丨丨項之巨结構物,其中該等先質粒一 子具有低於300微米之質量平均粒于尺寸。. 15. 根捸申請專利範圍第14項之巨结構物,其中該粒子間交 聯劑係與水,親水性有機溶劑或其混合物相氣合。 16. 根捸申請專利範園第15,之巨结搆物,其中該等先質輊 子之_聚合物物料實質上包括局·部中和之聚丙烯酸之輊敗 網‘交聯產物;及該粒子間 « ^ J r J 交聯 劑係-選_自 二醇,丙三醇,三羥甲基丙烷,匕2—丙二醇 ’成1,3 —丙二醇。 17. 根據申請專利範圍第16項之巨結搆物戈其中按重量計 95 %之談先質粒子之顆粒大小為15〇撖米至’300撖 米。 * ** 18. 根捸申請專利範園.> 第丨7項之巨結構物,包含具有失於 250微米厚度之一片材。 ' 19. 根據申請專利範園第丨6項之巨结構物,其中該等先質粒 子之質量平均粒子尺寸係低# 18〇徹米;且該先質粒 T4(210X297 公麓) 3 21 六經 濟 中 揉 準 印 95重量%者的顆粒大小為90擻米至18〇微木。 2α根振申請專利範園第19項之巨結搆物,包含具有大於 250微米厚度之一片材。 / 21.根橡申請專利範園第U,1218,或20項之巨结棋物 ,其中該粒子間交聯聚集蹬係被表面交聊者。 22根據申請專利範圍第11,12,Μ , 18,或20項之巨“構 物’另外包含·在巨結搆.物中填入怠-加強,維。 23··根據申請專利範園笫a項之巨結構物,其中該等加強織-維包括合成纖維。 24. 根據申請專利範圍第11,12,W,16,18或20項之巨结 構物,包含具有 0.5毫米至3.0毫米間厚度之一 片材。 25. —種製造含有粒子間交聊浆集技之多孔吸收性聚合巨结構物 之万法,·該聚集-技具有藉X通管道相互埠接之微孔 ’致使·該巨结株物係液技可滲透該方法包括下列步骒 ⑻提供實質上非水溶之&收性水凝珍生’成之聚合物物料 之許多先贺粒于; ⑻族*加粒子-開交聯劑於該等先贺粒子上,.灰輊于間交聯 劑係能與該等先質粒子之聚合物物料起反應者; (?)物理方式締合該等先質粒子以形成一聚集技,該聚集 技其有藉互通管逭相互連接之微孔;及 - f 4 (210X297公廣) .....................................4 ..........裝..............................打 (請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) —4 — 仲使該粒子間交砑 -物物料起反應, ,而在該等先質 '交聯聚集菝巨結 26·根據申請專利範圍 • ·. 巨結構物之步緣。‘ 27.根據申請專利範園 前使紧集玟成形為 2&根據申請專利範園 ίΐ3Β00 六'申請專利範® 剩與該聚集《之該等先質粒于之聚合 同時保持該等先質粒子之物理性締合 粒子間形成交都鍵而製成一種粒子間 構物。 第25項之方法,另外包括表面交聯該 i 第25項之方法,另外包括在步驟⑹之 所要之形狀,尺寸及(或)密度之步- 第25項之方法,其中步驟⑹包括加熱 0 29·根據申請專利範園第乃項之线,另外包“加 加至該等先質粒子之步騄。, 30. 根拔申請專利範固第25項之方法,其中該粒于間交聯劑 包含1選自烯系不飽和羧酸與酸旰,烯系不飽和磺醆及其 混合物之單程,係經聚合化而在该等先質終子閃形成聚 合交聯破。 - — **- r 聯鍵 31. 根據申請專利範圍第3〇項之方法-, Μ姑趸《 - Τ ^驟(d)包-括藉輻 村該早禮以引發聚合作用反應之步蝾。 3Z根捸中請專利範園第25項之方法,其中該等㈣粒子属 有低於500撤米之質量平均,于尺.寸。 、 甲 4(210X297 公廣)•装· •打· •線· 請先®'讀背面-V注意事s?再填寫本页 -5- 213B00 六、申請專利範園 AT B7 C7 D7 經 濟 部 中 央 搮 準 局 印 裝 33.根樣+請專利範園第25項之方法,其中該等先贺粒子具 有低於 300撖米之贺量平均粒子尺寸。 乳根據·申請專利範圍第π項之方法,其中該等先質粒子包 括》維。 抵一 g造含有粒子間交聯聚集玟之多孔及故性聚合巨结構物 之方 法,該聚集蹬具有藉互通管道相互連接之徹孔 ’致使該’巨結構物係液技可渗透,該方法包括下列步跺 . - ⑻提供實質上非水溶之吸收性水莜厣生成之聚合物物料 之許多實質上乾‘燥之先質粒子,矽等先質粒子之聚合 物物料係選自包含下列之组者:水解之澱扮一丙烯腈 接枝共聚物;局部中和之澱扮丙烯腈接枝共浓物; 澱扮一丙烯酸接枝共聚物Γ局部中和之澱扮一丙烯酸 -接枝共浓物;皂化之缔赌酸—丙烯酸賠共浓物類; 水解之丙烯腈或丙,醯胺共聚物類;任何前述·共聚物 類之輕徹網路交聯產物;局部中和之.聚丙烯酸;或局 A 部中和之蒎丙烯酸之輕撤網路交聊產知; (b) 施加粒子間交聯劑於該等先質粒子上,該粒子間交聯 劑係遲自含下列之组者:多元醇化合物類,浓縮水甘 -油瞇化合ΐ類,多官能立氧丙啶化合物玆,多官能之 -. . · · 胺化合物類..,及多官.能之異氣敵埯化合物類; (c) 物理方式締合·該等先質粒于以形成一聚集玟,該浓集 (請先聞讀背面之注意事頊存琪铒本贳) •装. •打· .緣· f 4(210X297 公瀠) -6- 213SG0 A7 B? C7 D7 六、申請專利範面.^具有藉互通管道相互連接之徹孔; — ⑹成形該聚_脅_丄. ' —, 集蹬成為所要之形狀,尺寸,及(或)密度- -,及, ⑼隨後加故知> 交雕/ 聯紅該轉技,以使該粒子間 而門二該聚集理之先贺粒子之聚合物物料起反應, 等先質粒子之物理性締合,以在該等先 粒于間形成•交聯<而製成一種粒 结構物。 狂于間交聯衆集蹬巨 •裝· 3M艮據中請專利範園第$項之 交聯劑與該等先 ^包括在該粒子間 等先質粒子《聚合物物料反應之前,將纖維 加至該萃先質粒子之步緣。 37·根棟中請專利範㈣35項之方法 •訂, 巨结構物之步騄。 , 包括表面交聯該 38. 根棟申請專妁範固第怒項之方、 含鐵維。 、宁該等先質粒子包 39. 根捸申請專利範圍第义項之方法 •線· 係與水’有機溶剩或其況合物相藏2該粒子間交聯剩 4〇·根據申請專利範園第39项之方法,:由 該聚集蹬。 、中步驟⑹包括模製 經 濟 部 中 央 橾 準 局 印 裝 41. 根樣中請專4範㈣$項之方法 - 該聚集趑。 、宁步驟(d)包括成形 42. 根捸申請專利範圓第 万法,其中步驟⑼_製 T 4 (210X297^'^) 2138^0 A7 B7 C7 D7 六'申請專利範面 經 濟 部 中 央 樣 準 局 印 製 該-象集痒及隨後滾壓該聚集·技以形成一片材。 U根k申請專利範園笫35項之方法,其中該粒午間交聯劑 係選自包含下列之組者:三羥甲基丙烷,G二醇, - 1、2—丙二醇,1>3一丙二醇,或丙三醇;及該聚合 物物料實質上包含局部中和之聚丙烯酸之輕撖網路交聯 產物〇 44. 根據申4專利範圍第43項之方法,其中步踩⑻係在 170 C至220°C範園溫度間歷時3小時至3〇分鐘下' 進行° 45. 根據申4專利範圍第私項之方法,其中該粒子間交聯劑 係與水,有機溶劑或其混合物:目混合。 机根捸申請專利範圍第45項之方法,其中步緣⑻包括挤製 該聚集植及然後滚恩該聚集禮以製成一片材之各步朦。 47.根據申請專利範圍第你項^方法/其中步踩⑻包括將粒 子間交聯劑呀’霧於該等先質粒¥上。 48·根據申請專利範園第私項之方法,其中該等先質粒于之 質章平均粒于尺寸係低於300徽米。 49. 根據申請專利範固第你項之方法,其中按,量 U子;^ 有150微米至300微米間 <狂于尺寸n 50. 根據申請專利範園第始項之方法,其中該等先質粒 If蚤半#丁疋 、叔子尺寸係低於18〇微米;及按’重量計 f 4(210X 297^:^() (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) k. •打· •線· 213860 AT B7 C7 D7 六 '申請專則範面 %%之該等先賀粒于具 ^ ^ _ , 』穴有 90微木至 180微米間 之粒子尺寸。 51. 根i申請專利範因第 包括诳书t /,职,49,或50项之方法,另外 匕-括與步驟⑹之同時./, 粒-于之步驟。 結構物之該等先質 52. 根捸申·請專利範 卞〜粑固矛38,43,45,或 包括在使該等先質 < 48项之方法,另外 反應之前,將加 饤與垓粒子間交聯劑 強竦維加至該等先货 Λ . 53. —種多孔,吸收性 叉釭予之步驟。 聚合巨結構物,係根坡申^ :“,",…,^或二利範園第25 妨项之方法製成者 ...................................严.............«...............................打........./ ................線{請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) 經濟部中央搮準局印¾ f 4(210X297 公廣)
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US5002986A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1991-03-26 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Fluid absorbent compositions and process for their preparation |
GB8912600D0 (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1989-07-19 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Absorbent polymers and their production |
-
1990
- 1990-04-02 US US07/503,393 patent/US5124188A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-25 AU AU75786/91A patent/AU643778B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-03-25 HU HU9203006A patent/HU220254B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-25 JP JP50729991A patent/JP3345001B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-25 BR BR919106315A patent/BR9106315A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-25 PL PL91296244A patent/PL167052B1/pl unknown
- 1991-03-25 ES ES91906912T patent/ES2172503T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-25 EP EP91906912A patent/EP0595803B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1991-03-25 RU SU925053243A patent/RU2099093C1/ru active
- 1991-03-25 KR KR1019920702404A patent/KR100198377B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-25 DE DE69132930T patent/DE69132930T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1991-03-25 CA CA002078560A patent/CA2078560C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-25 SG SG1996003237A patent/SG55037A1/en unknown
- 1991-03-25 WO PCT/US1991/001890 patent/WO1991015362A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-03-28 TW TW080102417A patent/TW213860B/zh active
- 1991-03-28 IE IE105191A patent/IE911051A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-03-28 NZ NZ237617A patent/NZ237617A/en unknown
- 1991-04-01 MA MA22373A patent/MA22104A1/fr unknown
- 1991-04-01 PE PE1991183793A patent/PE30191A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-04-02 SK SK895-91A patent/SK281455B6/sk unknown
- 1991-04-02 MX MX025170A patent/MX172259B/es unknown
- 1991-04-02 CZ CS1991895A patent/CZ289217B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-02 MY MYPI91000545A patent/MY106362A/en unknown
- 1991-04-02 CN CN91102721A patent/CN1043416C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-02 PT PT97234A patent/PT97234B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-02 EG EG19491A patent/EG19208A/xx active
- 1991-05-24 US US07/705,451 patent/US5102597A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-08 SA SA91110387A patent/SA91110387B1/ar unknown
-
1992
- 1992-10-01 FI FI924423A patent/FI924423A/fi unknown
-
1993
- 1993-12-08 PH PH47403A patent/PH31586A/en unknown
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