TW201933435A - 半導體裝置之製造方法 - Google Patents

半導體裝置之製造方法 Download PDF

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TW201933435A
TW201933435A TW107143814A TW107143814A TW201933435A TW 201933435 A TW201933435 A TW 201933435A TW 107143814 A TW107143814 A TW 107143814A TW 107143814 A TW107143814 A TW 107143814A TW 201933435 A TW201933435 A TW 201933435A
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trench
film
hole
mask
polymer
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TWI767096B (zh
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八田浩一
山口達也
雅尼克 富赫皮耶
弗萊德瑞克 拉薩里諾
馬尼佛 珍 法蘭西司 德
卡沙亞 巴巴伊 蓋文
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日商東京威力科創股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明提供在製造半導體裝置時,可在對由作為層間絕緣膜之SiOC膜形成的多孔質低介電係數膜進行蝕刻時,抑制低介電係數膜之破壞的技術。
對晶圓W進行以異氰酸酯及胺作為原料,藉由蒸鍍聚合生成聚脲之成膜處理。藉此在低介電係數膜20之孔部21內埋入聚脲。接著先形成通孔時,在低介電係數膜20中形成通孔201後形成溝渠202前將保護用之填充物100埋入通孔201內。填充物100可舉聚脲為例。先形成溝渠時,形成溝渠202且形成通孔201後,去除溝渠202內之遮罩時,藉由低介電係數膜20之孔部內存在聚脲來保護低介電係數膜。

Description

半導體裝置之製造方法
本發明係關於對用以製造半導體裝置之形成在基板上之多孔質低介電係數膜,抑制進行形成用以埋入配線之通孔及溝渠之步驟時的破壞的技術。
在製造多層化之半導體裝置時,為提高動作速度而減少層間絕緣膜之寄生電容的方法係使用多孔質之低介電係數膜。這種膜可舉包含矽、碳、氧及氫且具有Si-C鍵結之SiOC膜為例。為埋入例如銅之配線材料,SiOC膜使用抗蝕遮罩及下層遮罩,藉由例如CF4 氣體之CF系氣體的電漿進行蝕刻,接著藉由氧氣之電漿進行抗蝕遮罩的灰化。
但是,對SiOC膜進行蝕刻及灰化等之電漿處理時,在暴露於電漿之SiOC膜之露出面,即凹部之側壁及底面中,由於電漿切斷例如Si-C鍵結而使C由膜中脫離。因C脫離而生成不飽和原子鍵結之Si的狀態不穩定,因此後來與例如大氣中之水分等鍵結而形成Si-OH。
如此藉由電漿處理,蝕刻氣體等擴散至多孔質SiOC膜之空孔部且SiOC膜因蝕刻氣體而受到破壞。該破壞層因為碳含量下降,所以介電係數下降。因為配線圖案之線寬度不斷微細化且配線層及絕緣膜等不斷薄膜化,膜之表面部對晶圓全體產生之影響比例變大,因此SiOC膜之介電係數下降成為半導體裝置之特性偏離設計值的一個主要原因。
專利文獻1記載了事先在基板上之多孔質低介電係數膜的孔部中埋入PMMA(丙烯酸樹脂),並對低介電係數膜進行蝕刻等之處理後,加熱基板,供給溶劑,且進一步供給微波來去除PMMA的技術。但是,為去除PMMA,必須藉由電漿花費大約20分之長時間,且必須加熱基板到400℃以上之溫度,因此恐有對已形成在基板上之元件部分產生不良影響之虞的問題。
此外,非專利文獻1中揭示就樹脂之熱分解觀念而言,樹脂之去除溫度下降時,該樹脂之耐熱溫度亦下降。其中揭示PMMA只可在配線步驟中可容許溫度之400℃下熱去除(Thermal unstuff),但PMMA之熱安定性低至250℃。這意味在PMMA之保護步驟中250℃以上之溫度施加於PMMA且PMMA變質,因此沒有作為保護膜使用之機能。
因此,即使非專利文獻1記載之技術如本發明地進行超過保護膜去除溫度之熱步驟,該保護膜亦無作為保護膜之機能。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]美國專利第9,414,445(第2欄第23行至29行,第13欄第51行至53行,申請專利範圍第3項)
[非專利文獻1]PESM2014, Grenoble (France)「Low damage integration of ultra low-k porousorganosilicate glasses by Pore-Stuffing approach」p-11 http://search. yahoo.co.jp/r/FOR=lnHXYipV3iiHPJ8Ddulpn9J0AKPQKNPWEP9nzhy.AiW7ZSfYxo79p7jA3x0deEcedQqGRKkEAYq90SDWeAT5IUsEfgiLpbHgxS8DD0kYKkIGqb8pnApsZ5xT8U1A4Ot.KLFnrDpecdEGg86FqBcBKfCEqY3PqzBYQ9KfooXg6Xo2Dt8m5oGdCpp7WKLDFTHa2Wz9s8jHjCqu5OmSbDaj4USJp6MbORAH65KsDgl9EH7ns610ZIvWgfumVXoh5_wErVR4FCMd3wtOzOsKjLp2_AwFsYkxMFmOJYRiMzULCQ15RFa16R4A5NMV7Q--/_ylt=A2RCnnOEZ9hYv3IANE2DTwx.;_ylu=X3oDMTEyY3ZldGU5BHBvcwMxBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdGlObGUEdnRpZANqcDAwNDk-/SIG=15ks2kk9s/EXP=1490677956/**http%3A//pesm2014.insight-outside.fr/presentations/Sesssion6-2-PoreStuffing_PESM2014_Liping-Zhang_finalv.pdf%23search=%27PESM2014%252C%2BGrenoble%2BL.%2BZhanga%27
[發明所欲解決的問題]
本發明係在如此情形下作成者,且其目的在於提供在製造半導體裝置時,可在多孔質低介電係數膜之層間絕緣膜中形成配線用凹部時抑制層間絕緣膜之破壞的技術。
[解決問題的手段]
本發明之半導體裝置之製造方法係在形成於基板上之作為層間絕緣膜的多孔質低介電係數膜中藉由蝕刻形成溝渠及通孔,其特徵為包含以下步驟:
聚合物埋入孔部步驟,對前述低介電係數膜供給聚合用之原料,並將具有脲鍵之聚合物埋入前述低介電係數膜內之孔部;
通孔形成步驟,蝕刻前述低介電係數膜以形成通孔;
填充物埋入步驟,該通孔形成步驟後,將由有機物形成之保護用的填充物埋入前述通孔內;
溝渠形成步驟,該填充物埋入步驟後,蝕刻前述低介電係數膜以形成溝渠;
填充物去除步驟,該溝渠形成步驟後,去除前述填充物;及
由低介電係數膜內之孔部去除聚合物步驟,形成前述溝渠後,藉由加熱前述基板使前述聚合物解聚合,由前述低介電係數膜內之孔部去除前述聚合物,
前述聚合物埋入孔部步驟係進行到形成前述溝渠之前。
另一發明之半導體裝置之製造方法係在形成於基板上之作為層間絕緣膜的多孔質低介電係數膜中藉由蝕刻形成溝渠及通孔,其特徵為包含以下步驟:
聚合物埋入孔部步驟,對前述低介電係數膜供給聚合用之原料,並將具有脲鍵之聚合物埋入前述低介電係數膜內之孔部;
溝渠用遮罩形成步驟,在前述低介電係數膜之表面上形成溝渠用遮罩;
溝渠形成步驟,使用前述溝渠用遮罩蝕刻前述低介電係數膜以形成溝渠;
通孔用遮罩形成步驟,該溝渠形成步驟後,在前述溝渠內形成通孔用遮罩;
通孔形成步驟,該通孔用遮罩形成步驟後,使用前述通孔用遮罩蝕刻前述溝渠之底部以形成通孔;
通孔用遮罩去除步驟,該通孔形成步驟後,去除前述通孔用遮罩;及
聚合物去除步驟,形成前述溝渠後,藉由加熱前述基板使前述聚合物解聚合,由前述低介電係數膜內之孔部去除前述聚合物。
[發明的功效]
本發明可對低介電係數膜供給聚合用之原料而將具有脲鍵之聚合物(聚脲)埋入低介電係數膜內之孔部,且在蝕刻後加熱基板使聚合物解聚合。因此,進行低介電係數膜之蝕刻時可藉由聚合物保護。此外,可在形成通孔之後且在形成溝渠之前埋入由有機物形成之填充物。因此,蝕刻時保護低介電係數膜不受活性種影響,藉此抑制破壞之發生。
另一發明可對低介電係數膜供給聚合用之原料而將具有脲鍵之聚合物(聚脲)埋入低介電係數膜內之孔部,且在蝕刻後加熱基板使聚合物解聚合。因此,進行低介電係數膜之蝕刻時可藉由聚合物保護。此外,雖然在形成溝渠後形成通孔,但形成通孔後,為形成該通孔而去除形成在溝渠內之遮罩時,於低介電係數膜內埋入聚脲,因此可抑制因用以去除遮罩之電漿產生的破壞。
[本發明實施形態之概要]
在半導體裝置中,積層多數形成積體電路之層時,必須在層間絕緣膜中形成埋入用以連接下層側電路及上層側電路之配線的通孔(通孔)及埋入形成各層積體電路之一部份之配線的溝渠(溝渠部)。
形成通孔及溝渠時,包括:在層間絕緣膜中形成通孔,接著形成溝渠之方法;及形成溝渠,接著形成通孔之方法。在本申請案說明書中,先形成通孔之方法稱為通孔優先,而先形成溝渠之方法稱為溝渠優先。
圖1係極示意地顯示本發明實施形態之概要的圖,且顯示通孔優先及溝渠優先之方法。在本發明之實施形態中,使用多孔質低介電係數膜20作為層間絕緣膜,並低介電係數膜20之孔部內埋入聚脲。在低介電係數膜20中加上點來表示聚脲已埋入孔部內之狀態。20a所示之部位係示意地顯示低介電係數膜20之下層側的層。
一般進行之通孔優先的方法係形成通孔201,接著形成溝渠202,但本實施形態係在形成通孔201後,且在形成溝渠202前,如用白箭號插入步驟所示地,在通孔201內埋入保護用之填充物100。通孔201表示溝渠底面下方側之部分的孔,但本說明書中為了方便,在通孔上方側該通孔之投影區域的孔部分亦稱為通孔並以符號201表示。
溝渠優先之方法係形成溝渠202,接著在溝渠202內形成通孔用之蝕刻遮罩101,並使用該遮罩101蝕刻低介電係數膜20之底部而形成通孔201。然後,藉由蝕刻或灰化去除溝渠202內之遮罩101。
[第一實施形態]
本發明之第一實施形態係適用於通孔優先之方法的方法。圖2至圖5係階段地顯示顯示在下層側電路部分形成上層側電路部分之情形的說明圖,且11係下層側之例如層間絕緣膜,12係埋入層間絕緣膜11之作為配線材料的銅配線,13係蝕刻時具有阻擋功能之蝕刻阻擋膜。蝕刻阻擋膜13係由例如SiC(碳化矽)或SiCN(碳氮化矽)等形成。
在蝕刻阻擋膜13上,形成作為層間絕緣膜之低介電係數膜20。低介電係數膜20在此例中使用SiOC膜,且SiOC膜係例如藉由CVD法使DEMS(二乙氧甲基矽烷,Diethoxymethylsilane)電漿化來形成。低介電係數膜20係多孔質且在圖中極示意地顯示低介電係數膜20內之孔部21。此外,下層側之層間絕緣膜11亦使用例如SiOC膜。
在本實施形態之方法中,由在作為基板之半導體晶圓(以下稱為晶圓)的表面中如圖2(a)所示地形成下層側之電路部分且在該電路部分上形成低介電係數膜20的狀態開始處理。
接著,如圖2(b)所示地在低介電係數膜20之表面例如在真空環境中在300℃之處理溫度下藉由CVD(化學蒸氣沈積,Chemical Vapor Deposition)形成氧化矽膜31。氧化矽膜31係藉由例如有機系之矽原料的蒸氣與氧或臭氧等之氧化氣體的反應來生成。氧化矽膜31在後述蝕刻時具有作為圖案遮罩(硬遮罩)之一部份的功能,並且在蝕刻後述硬遮罩32時具有保護低介電係數膜20之功能。接著,如同圖所示地藉由習知之方法形成對應溝渠之部位開口且由例如TiN(氮化鈦)膜形成的作為蝕刻用圖案遮罩之硬遮罩32。
然後,藉由使例如CH3 F氣體活性化(電漿化)而得之電漿來蝕刻氧化矽膜31 (圖2(c)),接著如下所述地藉由埋入材料,即具有脲鍵之聚合物(聚脲)填埋低介電係數膜20內之孔部21(圖2(d))。在圖2中,為方便起見用「斜線」表示孔部21已被聚脲填埋之狀態。埋入低介電係數膜20內之孔部21的聚脲具有保護作為被保護膜之低介電係數膜20不被後述電漿處理之電漿破壞的功能。
聚脲膜可例如圖6所示地使用異氰酸酯及胺藉由共聚合來生成。R係例如烷基(直鏈狀烷基或環狀烷基)或芳基,且n為2以上之整數。
異氰酸酯可使用例如脂環式化合物、脂肪族化合物、芳香族化合物等。脂環式化合物可例如圖7(a)所示地使用1,3-雙(異氰酸酯甲基)環己烷(H6XDI)。此外,脂肪族化合物可如圖7(b)所示地使用例如六甲基二異氰酸酯。
胺可使用例如1,3-雙(胺甲基)環己烷(H6XDA)。
圖11中顯示用以使原料單體以氣體形式反應而形成聚脲膜(蒸鍍聚合)的CVD裝置。70係界定真空環境之真空容器。71a、72a係分別以液體形式收容作為原料單體之異氰酸酯及胺的原料供給源,且異氰酸酯之液體及胺之液體藉由設置在供給管71b、72b間之氣化器71c、72c氣化,且各蒸氣導入作為氣體噴吐部之蓮蓬頭73。蓮蓬頭73在下面形成多數噴吐孔,且組配成由各自的噴吐孔噴吐異氰酸酯之蒸氣及胺之蒸氣至處理環境。基板,即表面經加工之半導體矽晶圓W載置在具有加熱機構之載置台74上。
將聚脲埋入低介電係數膜20之孔部21的方法可採用對搭載前述電路部分之基板,即半導體晶圓(以下簡單稱為「晶圓」)W交互地供給異氰酸酯之蒸氣及胺之蒸氣的方法。此時,可為停止供給異氰酸酯之蒸氣,用氮氣沖洗真空容器70內後供給胺之蒸氣,接著停止供給胺之蒸氣,用氮氣沖洗真空容器70內後供給異氰酸酯之蒸氣的方法。或者,亦可為停止供給其中一蒸氣後,未插入沖洗步驟而接著供給另一蒸氣,並在停止供給另一蒸氣後,未插入沖洗步驟而接著供給其中一蒸氣的方法。此外,亦可為同時地供給異氰酸酯之蒸氣及胺之蒸氣至晶圓W的方法。
交互地供給異氰酸酯之蒸氣及胺之蒸氣的2個方法中前段的方法(在供給其中一氣體與供給另一氣體之間插入沖洗步驟之方法)中,聚脲在低介電係數膜20之表面未成膜地埋入孔部21內。此外,後段之方法(在供給其中一氣體與供給另一氣體之間未插入沖洗步驟之方法)中,在孔部21中埋入聚脲,但聚脲亦成膜在低介電係數膜20以外之晶圓W的表面(硬遮罩32上)。此外,該現象雖然記載於後述評價試驗中,但考慮在選定供給循環數等之參數值時才會產生。
採用後段之方法時,將晶圓W加熱至使聚脲解聚合之溫度,接著藉由去除硬遮罩32表面之聚脲獲得圖2(d)所示之狀態。聚脲之聚合與解聚合的可逆平衡反應成立,且溫度上升時支配地成為解聚合。因此,產生解聚合時生成之單體隨著時間經過而氣化。例如在200℃、250℃、300℃之各溫度,到聚脲消失之時間在300℃時最短。
因此,藉由選擇溫度及時間,可只在低介電係數膜20內殘留聚脲。
在使用異氰酸酯之蒸氣及胺之蒸氣的方法中,晶圓W之溫度設定在室溫到比聚脲解聚合溫度稍低之溫度的溫度範圍內,例如在20℃至200℃之溫度範圍內以促進聚合反應。
此外,如圖8(a)至(d)所示地,亦可使用單官能性分子作為原料單體。
另外,如圖9(a)、(b)所示地,亦可使用異氰酸酯及二級胺,此時生成之聚合物包含之鍵結亦為脲鍵。
再者,亦可使具有脲鍵之原料單體聚合而製得聚脲膜。圖10顯示如此之例子,且藉由對原料單體照射光,例如紫外線賦予光能量產生聚合而生成聚脲膜。此時,一面對晶圓W供給原料單體一面賦予光能量來進行。
如此在低介電係數膜20之孔部21中埋入聚脲後,形成對應於通孔之部位開口且由SOC(旋轉塗布碳,Spin On Carbon)形成之通孔用的圖案遮罩33(圖3(e)),接著蝕刻低介電係數膜20,形成通孔201(圖3(f))。SOC係藉由旋塗來塗布且以碳為主成分之塗布膜,並使用抗蝕劑形成為圖案遮罩。
蝕刻低介電係數膜20,在此例中為SiOC膜之方法可藉由使C6 F6 氣體電漿化製得之電漿來進行,此時,亦可進一步添加微量氧氣。
接著,在通孔201內埋入由有機物形成之保護用填充物,在此例中為由聚脲形成之保護用填充物34。埋入填充物34(聚脲)之方法係藉由對搭載電路部分之晶圓如前所述地在真空環境中交互地供給例如異氰酸酯蒸氣及胺蒸氣來進行。藉此在通孔201內埋入聚脲以形成填充物34且在通孔201以外之圖案遮罩33表面上亦形成膜(圖3(g))。然後,如前所述地將晶圓加熱到聚脲解聚合之溫度,接著去除在通孔201以外之圖案遮罩33表面上形成膜的聚脲(聚脲膜)(圖3(h))。
接著,藉由使例如氧氣電漿化製得之電漿灰化(蝕刻)去除由SOC形成之圖案遮罩33(圖4(i))。此時亦藉由該電漿一起蝕刻去除SOC及埋入圖案遮罩33之孔部內的聚脲。
進一步,使用溝渠用遮罩,即氧化矽膜31及硬遮罩32來蝕刻低介電係數膜20以形成溝渠202(圖4(j))。蝕刻低介電係數膜20,在此例中為SiOC膜之方法可藉由使C6 F6 氣體電漿化製得之電漿來進行,此時,亦可進一步添加微量氧氣。藉由該蝕刻亦一起蝕刻低介電係數膜20及由聚脲形成之填充物34。此外,因為聚脲之蝕刻速度比低介電係數膜20之蝕刻速度慢,所以將低介電係數膜20蝕刻到預定深度時,填充物34成為由溝渠202之底部稍微突出之狀態。因此,藉由使例如氧氣電漿化製得之電漿來蝕刻,可去除突出之填充物34而使溝渠202平坦化。
接著,將晶圓加熱至聚脲解聚合之溫度例如350℃時解聚合成胺而蒸發,並如圖4(k)所示地去除由聚脲形成之填充物34。加熱晶圓時,為了不對已形成在晶圓上之元件部分,特別是銅配線產生不良影響,宜在小於400℃,例如390℃以下,例如300至350℃加熱。由抑制對元件之熱破壞的觀點來看,進行聚脲之解聚合的時間,例如在300℃至400℃加熱的時間宜為例如5分以下。
加熱晶圓之處理可例如圖12所示地將晶圓載置在處理容器51內之載置台52上,接著藉由燈罩53內之紅外線燈54加熱晶圓來進行。圖12中,55係透射窗,56係供給氮氣之供給管且57係排氣管。處理環境係例如一面供給作為惰性氣體之氮氣,一面在真空環境進行(此時真空排氣機構75連接於排氣管57且處理容器51使用真空容器),或在常壓環境進行。
此外,加熱機構不限於紅外線燈54,可為設置在載置台52上之加熱器。
接著去除填充物34後,蝕刻去除通孔201底部之蝕刻阻擋膜13(圖4(l))。蝕刻阻擋膜13係例如SiC膜時,該蝕刻可藉由使例如CF4 氣體電漿化製得之電漿來進行。
然後,在通孔201及溝渠202之內面形成用以防止後述導電路之銅擴散至層間絕緣膜20的障壁層,例如由Ti與TiON之積層膜形成之障壁層35(圖5(m))。然後,將銅埋入通孔201及溝渠202,並藉由CMP(化學機械拋光,Chemical Mechanical Polishing)去除多餘之銅36、障壁層35、氧化矽膜31及硬遮罩32而形成銅配線36(使用與銅相同之符號)(圖5(n))。接著,將晶圓加熱至聚脲解聚合之溫度,例如350℃以去除埋入低介電係數膜20之孔部21中的聚脲(圖5(o)),因此形成上層之電路部分。
去除埋入低介電係數膜20之孔部21中的聚脲的步驟不限於此例,亦可在例如蝕刻去除蝕刻阻擋膜13後(圖4(1)),在形成障壁層35前進行。
依據第一實施形態,可對低介電係數膜20供給聚合用之原料而將具有脲鍵之聚脲埋入低介電係數膜20內之孔部21,且在蝕刻後加熱晶圓以使聚脲解聚合。 因此,進行低介電係數膜20之蝕刻時被聚脲(聚合物)保護。接著,在形成通孔201後,在形成溝渠202前,將由聚脲形成之填充物埋入通孔201,因此形成溝渠202時保護通孔201之內周面不被蝕刻氣體破壞。因此,配合將聚合物埋入孔部21來保護低介電係數膜不被蝕刻氣體破壞,可抑制低介電係數膜之破壞產生。
以下記載第一實施形態之變形例。
圖13及圖14所示之變形例與第一實施形態的不同點係藉由硬遮罩32在氧化矽膜31中形成對應溝渠之開口的步驟前將聚脲埋入低介電係數膜20之孔部21。即,形成低介電係數膜20後,藉由對晶圓如前所述地進行真空蒸鍍聚脲之處理,將聚脲埋入低介電係數膜20之孔部21(圖13(a)、(b))。然後,在低介電係數膜20上形成氧化矽膜31,接著在氧化矽膜31上形成硬遮罩32(圖13(c)),接著藉由SOC形成通孔用之圖案遮罩33(圖13(d))。
接著藉由使CH3 F氣體電漿化製得之電漿蝕刻氧化矽膜31,然後藉由使C6 F6 氣體電漿化製得之電漿蝕刻低介電係數膜20(圖14(e)),並在對應如此形成之通孔201的凹部中與第一實施形態同樣地埋入由聚脲形成之填充物34(圖14(f))。進一步藉由使氧氣電漿化製得之電漿灰化圖案遮罩33並且蝕刻去除埋入圖案遮罩33之孔內的聚脲(圖14(g))。然後,藉由使CH3 F氣體電漿化製得之電漿蝕刻去除氧化矽膜31。此時埋入氧化矽膜31之孔內的聚脲(填充物34之前端部)成為未被蝕刻地由低介電係數膜20之表面突出的狀態。接著,進一步與第一實施形態同樣地蝕刻低介電係數膜20以形成通孔201(圖14(h))。此時填充物34亦被蝕刻且成為由溝渠202之底部稍微突出的狀態,但如圖4(j)中說明地,藉由進行灰化稍微去除填充物34之突出部分使溝渠202之底面平坦。
在第一實施形態中,蝕刻低介電係數膜20上之氧化矽膜31時低介電係數膜20之表面暴露於蝕刻氣體中,但在圖13、圖14之方法中,因為蝕刻氧化矽膜31時已在低介電係數膜20之孔部21內埋入聚脲,所以不必擔心在低介電係數膜20中產生蝕刻氣體之破壞。
圖15所示變形例與第一實施形態之不同係由第一實施形態之圖3(h)狀態轉變成圖3(i)狀態間的步驟。圖15(a)所示之狀態對應於圖3(h)所示之狀態。在該變形例中,填充物34由圖案遮罩33之開口埋入低介電係數膜20內之通孔201後,將晶圓加熱至比作為填充物34之聚脲的解聚合溫度高的溫度,接著去除圖案遮罩33之開口內的聚脲(圖15(b))。然後,在晶圓之表面形成與圖案遮罩33相同之作為塗布膜的SOC(圖15(c)),接著去除SOC膜(圖15(d))。圖15(d)對應於圖3(i)之狀態。
此時,在使填充物34之上面露出低介電係數膜20之表面的灰化步驟中,因為去除對象之膜只是SOC,所以可期待不必擔心產生聚脲之殘渣等的優點。
此外,其他變形例可舉埋入例如SOC之聚脲以外的材質作為埋入通孔201之填充物為例。如此之方法可舉例如:在第一實施形態的圖3(h)狀態後,在晶圓之表面形成SOC,接著在圖3(h)所示之孔內埋入SOC。此時,去除低介電係數膜20上側之部分的SOC後,除了通孔201之填充物為SOC以外,成為與第一實施形態之圖4(i)相同的狀態。在低介電係數膜20中形成溝渠202時,藉由在C6 F6 氣體中添加氧氣,蝕刻低介電係數膜20,然後,藉由使氧氣電漿化製得之電漿灰化作為填充物34之SOC,藉此成為與第一實施形態之圖4(k)相同的狀態。
圖16所示之變形例與第一實施形態之不同點係在低介電係數膜20之孔部21埋入聚脲的時點與將填充物34埋入低介電係數膜20的時點為同時。圖16(a)所示之狀態對應於圖2(b)之狀態。該狀態後,如圖16(b)所示地在氧化矽膜31上形成對應通孔之開口且由SOC形成的圖案遮罩33,接著蝕刻氧化矽膜31及低介電係數膜20以形成通孔201。接著,對晶圓進行如第一實施形態所述地藉由蒸鍍聚合形成聚脲膜之處理。此時原料單體由通孔201進入低介電係數膜20內而在孔部21內埋入聚脲,並且在包含通孔201之孔內埋入由聚脲形成之填充物34(圖16 (c))。接著,藉由解聚合去除圖案遮罩33及圖案遮罩33之開口內的聚脲,藉此獲得圖16(d)之狀態。然後,使用硬遮罩32依序蝕刻氧化矽膜31及低介電係數膜20,藉此成為與圖4(j)相同之狀態。
[第二實施形態]
本發明之第二實施形態係適用於溝渠優先之方法的方法。圖17(a)顯示在低介電係數膜20上形成已形成對應溝渠之開口的氧化矽膜31及硬遮罩32的積層體並且在低介電係數膜20之孔部21內埋入聚脲的狀態。聚脲之埋入可在前述積層體中形成開口後,亦可為在低介電係數膜20上形成氧化矽膜31前之階段。
接著以前述積層體作為遮罩來蝕刻低介電係數膜20,形成溝渠202(圖17 (b))。接著,在晶圓之表面如前所述地形成聚脲膜41(圖17(c)),並使聚脲膜41之上層部位解聚合以使硬遮罩32之表面露出(圖17(d))。然後,在晶圓之表面形成SOC膜33(為方便起見,分配由SOC形成之圖案遮罩相同的符號),接著在該SOC膜33上形成由圖案加工用之防止反射膜37形成的加工用遮罩(圖18(e))。
加工用遮罩可藉由使O2 (氧)氣、CO2 (二氧化碳)氣、NH3 (氨)氣或N2 (氮)氣及H2 (氫)氣之混合氣體電漿化製得的電漿蝕刻防止反射膜37來形成。
接著,使用前述加工遮罩,藉由使例如氧氣電漿化製得之電漿灰化(蝕刻)圖案遮罩33及聚脲膜41,在對應通孔201之部位形成開口(圖18(f))。此時成為沿著溝渠202之內周面形成聚脲膜41的狀態。
接著,藉由如前所述地使例如C6 F6 氣體電漿化製得的電漿作為蝕刻氣體,蝕刻低介電係數膜20而形成通孔201(圖18(g))。接著,藉由使氧氣電漿製得之電漿藉由灰化去除SOC膜33,並進一步藉由解聚合去除沿著溝渠202之內周面形成之聚脲膜41(圖18(h))。
如前所述地將晶圓加熱至聚脲解聚合之溫度以上的溫度,並調整加熱溫度及時間,藉此使聚脲膜41解聚合,但此時聚脲在低介電係數膜20中靠近通孔201之內周面的部位由孔部21消失。
後來之步驟係與第一實施形態同樣地進行。
依據第二實施形態,可與第一實施形態同樣地對低介電係數膜20供給聚合用之原料以在低介電係數膜20內之孔部21中埋入聚脲,並在蝕刻後加熱晶圓使聚脲解聚合。因此進行低介電係數膜20之蝕刻時,低介電係數膜20被聚合物保護。即,就此點而言,具有與第一實施形態同樣之效果。此外,形成溝渠202後,藉由聚脲膜41形成用以在該溝渠202內形成通孔201的遮罩,因此由溝渠202內去除遮罩時可藉由加熱解聚合聚脲膜41來進行。因此,可抑制溝渠202之內壁的破壞。
以下記載第二實施形態之變形例。
圖19(a)係與圖17(b)相同之狀態,且在該狀態之晶圓表面上形成聚脲膜41(圖19(b)),接著使用由例如SOC形成之圖案遮罩在聚脲膜41中形成對應通孔201之部位的開口(圖19(c))。接著以聚脲膜41作為遮罩在低介電係數膜20中形成通孔201(圖19(d))。然後,可如前所述地蝕刻通孔201之底部的蝕刻阻擋膜13(圖20 (e))。
然後,加熱晶圓以藉由解聚合去除聚脲膜41,進一步繼續加熱藉由解聚合去除埋入低介電係數膜20之孔部21內的聚脲(圖20(f))。接著如第一實施形態之圖5(m)、(n)所示地形成障壁層35且形成銅配線36。
此外,在該例中,雖然藉由聚脲膜41形成用以蝕刻通孔201之遮罩,但亦可藉由SOC膜取代聚脲膜41來形成遮罩。此時,圖19(b)至圖20(e)記載之聚脲膜41被SOC膜取代。以SOC膜作為遮罩時,雖然藉由使氧氣電漿化之氣體來灰化SOC膜,但因為在低介電係數膜20之孔部21內埋入聚脲,所以可抑制因該步驟時之電漿造成之破壞。
以下說明圖21、圖22所示之變形例。在該例中,將聚脲埋入低介電係數膜20之孔部21中(圖21(a)、(b)),接著在低介電係數膜20上形成氧化矽膜31(圖21(c)), 並進一步形成具有對應溝渠之開口且由TiN形成的硬遮罩32。然後,在作為保護膜之氧化矽膜31中亦形成對應溝渠之開口。然後,以硬遮罩32及氧化矽膜31之積層體作為遮罩來蝕刻低介電係數膜20,形成溝渠202(圖21(d))。
進一步,在晶圓上形成聚脲膜41使聚脲膜41埋入溝渠202中(圖22(e))。然後, 在聚脲膜41上積層SOC膜,並使用藉由抗蝕劑進行圖案化而在SOC膜中形成對應通孔201之開口的圖案遮罩33來蝕刻聚脲膜41(圖22(f))。
接著,使用聚脲膜41及圖案遮罩33來蝕刻低介電係數膜20而形成通孔201 (圖22(g))。接著如前所述地灰化去除,並進一步藉由解聚合來去除聚脲膜41(圖22(h))。然後,進行與例如第一實施形態同樣之步驟。
在圖21、圖22所示之變形例中,可在低介電係數膜20上已形成對應溝渠202之開口部且積層氧化矽膜31及硬遮罩32之積層體的狀態下進行聚脲對低介電係數膜20之孔部21的埋入。此外,亦可在以前述積層體作為遮罩來蝕刻低介電係數膜20而形成溝渠202,接著將聚脲膜41埋入溝渠202中時,同時進行聚脲對低介電係數膜20之孔部21的埋入。為了同時進行聚脲膜41對溝渠202之埋入及聚脲對孔部21內之埋入,如亦由後述評價試驗了解地,可例如以2階段地進行原料單體之真空蒸鍍處理。在此情形中,第一階段可為如第一實施形態所述地透過氮氣之沖洗步驟交互地供給例如異氰酸酯蒸氣及胺蒸氣的方法,且第二階段可為同時地供給例如異氰酸酯蒸氣及胺蒸氣的方法。
在圖23所示之變形例中,前述圖22(g)之狀態(已形成通孔201之狀態)後,將聚脲埋入形成在圖案遮罩(SOC)33及聚脲膜41中之凹部(圖23(a))。然後藉由蝕刻去除圖案遮罩33及圖案遮罩33內之聚脲(圖23(b)),接著藉由解聚合去除聚脲膜41。在該例中,因為灰化圖案遮罩33時通孔201之內壁被聚脲膜41覆蓋,所以可抑制低介電係數膜20之破壞(圖23(c))。
[實施例]
[評價試驗1]
對具有由SiOC形成之多孔質低介電係數膜的基板,以氣體之狀態每3秒交互地供給作為異氰酸酯之H6XDI及作為胺之H6XDA,並在H6XDI之供給步驟及H6XDA之供給步驟中之一供給步驟結束後開始另一供給步驟前進行12秒藉由氮氣沖洗之步驟,接著進行該循環100次之成膜處理。藉由XPS(X射線光電子光譜法,X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)在進行成膜處理前且在進行成膜處理後對該基板之各表面部調查組成後,結果顯示於圖24及圖25中。
由圖24(成膜處理前)及圖25(成膜處理後)可了解藉由進行成膜處理,低介電係數膜內之C(碳)大幅地增加且N(氮)亦增加。因此,可了解的是藉由進行成膜處理,聚脲埋入低介電係數膜之孔部內。
[評價試驗2]
對具有由SiOC形成之多孔質低介電係數膜的基板,以氣體之狀態每3秒交互地供給H6XDI及H6XDA,並在H6XDI之供給步驟及H6XDA之供給步驟中之一供給步驟結束後未插入沖洗步驟地立即進行另一供給步驟,接著進行該循環100次之成膜處理。藉由XPS對成膜處理後之基板的表面部調查組成後,結果顯示於圖26中。
由圖26可知由基板之表面到大約50nm之深度形成聚脲膜,且更深之區域係與圖25相同。因此,可了解的是雖然聚脲埋入低介電係數膜內之孔部,但聚脲膜積層在低介電係數膜之表面上。
[評價試驗3]
對具有由SiOC形成之多孔質低介電係數膜的基板,同時地供給H6XDI及H6XDA以進行成膜處理。藉由XPS對成膜處理後之基板的表面部調查組成後,結果顯示於圖27中。由圖27可知由基板之表面到大約25nm之深度形成聚脲膜,且更深之區域形成與圖25大致相同之區域。因此,可了解的是雖然聚脲埋入低介電係數膜內之孔部,但比評價試驗2之情形薄的聚脲膜積層在低介電係數膜之表面上。
[評價試驗4]
在評價試驗4中,在氮氣環境下用280度加熱成膜處理後之基板5分鐘。對成膜處理前之基板調查吸光度,結果顯示於圖28中。圖28中,(1)至(3)分別對應於埋入前、埋入後、加熱後。在埋入後(2)中,雖然可看到對應CH鍵(箭號a)、CO鍵(箭號b)之尖峰,但在埋入前(1)及加熱後(3)中,未看到前述尖峰。
因此,可確認藉由前述成膜處理在低介電係數膜內之孔部中埋入聚脲,且藉由進行聚脲之去除處理,聚脲完全未殘留在低介電係數膜中。
由以上結果可知,依據供給原料氣體之方法,可只藉由聚脲埋入低介電係數膜之孔部,且可除了埋入孔部以外亦形成聚脲膜。
11‧‧‧層間絕緣膜
12‧‧‧銅配線
13‧‧‧蝕刻阻擋膜
20‧‧‧低介電係數膜(層間絕緣膜)
20a‧‧‧部位
21‧‧‧孔部
31‧‧‧氧化矽膜
32‧‧‧硬遮罩
33‧‧‧圖案遮罩;SOC膜
34、100‧‧‧填充物
35‧‧‧障壁層
36‧‧‧銅(配線)
37‧‧‧防止反射膜
41‧‧‧聚脲膜
51‧‧‧處理容器
52、74‧‧‧載置台
53‧‧‧燈罩
54‧‧‧紅外線燈
55‧‧‧透射窗
56、71b、72b‧‧‧供給管
57‧‧‧排氣管
70‧‧‧真空容器
71a、72a‧‧‧原料供給源
71c、72c‧‧‧氣化器
73‧‧‧蓮蓬頭
75‧‧‧真空排氣機構
101‧‧‧遮罩
201‧‧‧通孔
202‧‧‧溝渠
W‧‧‧晶圓
【圖1】係顯示本發明實施形態之概要的說明圖。
【圖2】(a)~(d)係顯示本發明第一實施形態之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖3】(e)~(h)係顯示本發明第一實施形態之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖4】(i)~(l)係顯示本發明第一實施形態之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖5】(m)~(o)係顯示本發明第一實施形態之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖6】係顯示藉由共聚合之反應生成具有脲鍵之聚合物的情形的說明圖。
【圖7】(a)、(b)係顯示異氰酸酯之一例之分子構造的分子構造圖。
【圖8】(a)~(d)係顯示具有脲鍵之聚合物形成寡聚物之反應的說明圖。
【圖9】(a)、(b)係顯示使用二級胺生成具有脲鍵之聚合物的情形的說明圖。
【圖10】係顯示使具有脲鍵之單體交聯而生成具有脲鍵之聚合物的情形的說明圖。
【圖11】係顯示用以使異氰酸酯與胺分別以蒸氣形式反應而生成具有脲鍵之聚合物的裝置的截面圖。
【圖12】係顯示用以加熱已形成聚脲膜之基板的加熱裝置的截面圖。
【圖13】(a)~(d)係顯示第一實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖14】(e)~(h)係顯示第一實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖15】(a)~(d)係顯示第一實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖16】(a)~(d)係顯示第一實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖17】(a)~(d)係顯示本發明第二實施形態之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖18】(e)~(h)係顯示本發明第二實施形態之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖19】(a)~(d)係第二實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖20】(e)、(f)係第二實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖21】(a)~(d)係第二實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖22】(e)~(h)係第二實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖23】(a)~(c)係第二實施形態之變形例之製造步驟的一部份的說明圖。
【圖24】係顯示聚脲埋入前之低介電係數膜表面部藉由XPS獲得之組成的圖。
【圖25】係顯示聚脲埋入後之低介電係數膜表面部藉由XPS獲得之組成的圖。
【圖26】係顯示聚脲埋入後之低介電係數膜表面部藉由XPS獲得之組成的圖。
【圖27】係顯示聚脲埋入後之低介電係數膜表面部藉由XPS獲得之組成的圖。
【圖28】係顯示低介電係數膜中之聚脲埋入前後及加熱處理後之吸光度的特性圖。

Claims (12)

  1. 一種半導體裝置之製造方法,其在形成於基板上之作為層間絕緣膜的多孔質低介電係數膜中藉由蝕刻形成溝渠及通孔,且其特徵為包含以下步驟: 聚合物埋入孔部步驟,對該低介電係數膜供給聚合用之原料,並將具有脲鍵之聚合物埋入該低介電係數膜內之孔部; 通孔形成步驟,蝕刻該低介電係數膜以形成通孔; 填充物埋入步驟,於該通孔形成步驟後,將由有機物形成之保護用的填充物埋入該通孔內; 溝渠形成步驟,於該填充物埋入步驟後,蝕刻該低介電係數膜以形成溝渠; 填充物去除步驟,於該溝渠形成步驟後,去除該填充物;及 由低介電係數膜內之孔部去除聚合物步驟,於形成該溝渠後,藉由加熱該基板使該聚合物解聚合,由該低介電係數膜內之孔部去除該聚合物, 該聚合物埋入孔部步驟係進行到形成該溝渠之前。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中該填充物係具有脲鍵之聚合體。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,更包含以下步驟:在該低介電係數膜之表面上形成用以蝕刻溝渠之溝渠用遮罩,然後形成用以蝕刻通孔之通孔用遮罩, 該聚合物埋入孔部步驟係在形成該溝渠用遮罩之後,且在形成該通孔之前進行。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,更包含以下步驟:在該低介電係數膜之表面上形成用以蝕刻溝渠之溝渠用遮罩,然後形成用以蝕刻通孔之通孔用遮罩, 該聚合物埋入孔部步驟係在形成該溝渠用遮罩之前進行。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,該聚合物埋入孔部步驟係與該填充物埋入步驟同時進行。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,於進行該填充物去除步驟後,進行蝕刻位於通孔底部之蝕刻阻擋膜的步驟, 該由低介電係數膜內之孔部去除聚合物步驟係在該蝕刻該蝕刻阻擋膜步驟之後進行。
  7. 一種半導體裝置之製造方法,其在形成於基板上之作為層間絕緣膜的多孔質低介電係數膜中藉由蝕刻形成溝渠及通孔,且其特徵為包含以下步驟: 聚合物埋入步驟,對該低介電係數膜供給聚合用之原料,並將具有脲鍵之聚合物埋入該低介電係數膜內之孔部; 溝渠用遮罩形成步驟,在該低介電係數膜之表面上形成溝渠用遮罩; 溝渠形成步驟,使用該溝渠用遮罩蝕刻該低介電係數膜以形成溝渠; 通孔用遮罩形成步驟,於該溝渠形成步驟後,在該溝渠內形成通孔用遮罩; 通孔形成步驟,於該通孔用遮罩形成步驟後,使用該通孔用遮罩蝕刻該溝渠之底部以形成通孔; 通孔用遮罩去除步驟,於該通孔形成步驟後,去除該通孔用遮罩;及 使聚合物解聚合步驟,於形成該溝渠後,藉由加熱該基板使該聚合物解聚合,由該低介電係數膜內之孔部去除該聚合物。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,該通孔用遮罩係具有脲鍵之聚合體。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第7或8項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,該聚合物埋入步驟係在該溝渠用遮罩形成步驟之後進行。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第7或8項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,該聚合物埋入步驟係在該溝渠用遮罩形成步驟之前進行。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,該聚合物埋入步驟係使異氰酸酯蒸氣及胺蒸氣擴散至該低介電係數膜內以使異氰酸酯與胺聚合反應之步驟。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,該使聚合物解聚合以由該低介電係數膜內之孔部去除該聚合物步驟,係將基板加熱至300℃至400℃來進行。
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JP6960839B2 (ja) 2021-11-05
US11495490B2 (en) 2022-11-08
CN110034063B (zh) 2023-10-20
JP2019106490A (ja) 2019-06-27

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