SK1552001A3 - Method for phosphatizing, rerinsing and cathodic electro-dipcoating - Google Patents
Method for phosphatizing, rerinsing and cathodic electro-dipcoating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK1552001A3 SK1552001A3 SK155-2001A SK1552001A SK1552001A3 SK 1552001 A3 SK1552001 A3 SK 1552001A3 SK 1552001 A SK1552001 A SK 1552001A SK 1552001 A3 SK1552001 A3 SK 1552001A3
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- ions
- phosphating
- process step
- solution
- phosphated
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 27
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 44
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 24
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 6
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012487 rinsing solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- ONMOULMPIIOVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-Nitrobenzene sulphonate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 ONMOULMPIIOVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- AFPHTEQTJZKQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 AFPHTEQTJZKQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONMOULMPIIOVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 98-47-5 Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ONMOULMPIIOVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmorpholine N-oxide Chemical group CN1(=O)CCOCC1 LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVGMCVRSUKTFHN-UHFFFAOYSA-G [F-].[Zr+4].[Al+3].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] Chemical class [F-].[Zr+4].[Al+3].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] RVGMCVRSUKTFHN-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004973 alkali metal peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) Chemical compound [Ce+3] XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001179 chromel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LVYZJEPLMYTTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum chloride pentahydroxide dihydrate Chemical compound [Cl-].[Al+3].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].O.O LVYZJEPLMYTTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000159 nickel phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K nickel(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ni+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UJJUJHTVDYXQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJJUJHTVDYXQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Zr](F)(F)F OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/20—Pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
- C23C22/182—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations containing also zinc cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/364—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also manganese cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19834796A DE19834796A1 (de) | 1998-08-01 | 1998-08-01 | Verfahren zur Phosphatierung, Nachspülung und kathodischer Elektrotauchlackierung |
| PCT/EP1999/005273 WO2000008231A1 (de) | 1998-08-01 | 1999-07-23 | Verfahren zur phosphatierung, nachspülung und kathodischer elektrotauchlackierung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK1552001A3 true SK1552001A3 (en) | 2001-10-08 |
Family
ID=7876147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK155-2001A SK1552001A3 (en) | 1998-08-01 | 1999-07-23 | Method for phosphatizing, rerinsing and cathodic electro-dipcoating |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6447662B1 (cs) |
| EP (1) | EP1114202A1 (cs) |
| JP (1) | JP2004500479A (cs) |
| KR (1) | KR20010072179A (cs) |
| CN (1) | CN1311827A (cs) |
| AU (1) | AU5371499A (cs) |
| BR (1) | BR9912841A (cs) |
| CA (1) | CA2339234A1 (cs) |
| CZ (1) | CZ2001409A3 (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE19834796A1 (cs) |
| PL (1) | PL345590A1 (cs) |
| SK (1) | SK1552001A3 (cs) |
| TR (1) | TR200100243T2 (cs) |
| WO (1) | WO2000008231A1 (cs) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19958192A1 (de) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Phosphatierung, Nachspülung und kathodischer Elektrotauchlackierung |
| DE10056628B4 (de) * | 2000-11-15 | 2004-07-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Fraktionierte Regenerierung eines mit Nickelionen beladenen schwach sauren Ionenaustauschers |
| CN100374620C (zh) * | 2002-07-10 | 2008-03-12 | 坎梅陶尔股份有限公司 | 金属表面的涂层方法 |
| DE102004007361B4 (de) * | 2003-02-24 | 2005-10-06 | Innovent E.V. | Verfahren zur Modifizierung von verzinkten Stahloberflächen und Schwarzstahloberflächen |
| DE10323305B4 (de) * | 2003-05-23 | 2006-03-30 | Chemetall Gmbh | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von metallischen Oberflächen mit einer Wasserstoffperoxid enthaltenden Phosphatierungslösung, Phosphatierlösung und Verwendung der behandelten Gegenstände |
| KR101043076B1 (ko) * | 2003-11-24 | 2011-06-21 | 주식회사 포스코 | 아연계 전기도금강판의 인산염 피막 형성용 조성물 및이를 이용한 인산염 처리방법 |
| US8030246B2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2011-10-04 | American Superconductor Corporation | Low resistance splice for high temperature superconductor wires |
| US20080314479A1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-25 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | High manganese cobalt-modified zinc phosphate conversion coating |
| US8282801B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-10-09 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Methods for passivating a metal substrate and related coated metal substrates |
| DE102010001686A1 (de) | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-11 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, 40589 | Zusammensetzung für die alkalische Passivierung von Zinkoberflächen |
| JP5861249B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-15 | 2016-02-16 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | 容器用鋼板の製造方法 |
| CN102114463B (zh) * | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-07 | 康海燕 | 一种减少氧化物涂层氚滞留的方法 |
| EP2503025B1 (de) * | 2011-03-22 | 2013-07-03 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Mehrstufige korrosionsschützende Behandlung metallischer Bauteile, die zumindest teilweise Oberflächen von Zink oder Zinklegierungen aufweisen |
| JP6129180B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-08 | 2017-05-17 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | 金属表面処理液、金属基材の表面処理方法及びそれにより得られた金属基材 |
| CN104685099A (zh) | 2012-08-29 | 2015-06-03 | Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 | 含锂的锆预处理组合物,处理金属基材的相关方法,和相关的经涂覆的金属基材 |
| SG11201501408RA (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2015-03-30 | Ppg Ind Ohio Inc | Zirconium pretreatment compositions containing molybdenum, associated methods for treating metal substrates, and related coated metal substrates |
| WO2016162423A1 (de) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Chemetall Gmbh | Verfahren zur nickelfreien phosphatierung von metallischen oberflächen |
| DE102016206417A1 (de) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Fördergestellbehandlung zur unterdrückung anlagenbedingter phosphatüberschleppung in einer prozessfolge zur tauchlackierung |
| DE102016206418A1 (de) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Unterdrückung anlagenbedingter phosphatüberschleppung in einer prozessfolge zur tauchlackierung |
| RU2729485C1 (ru) | 2016-08-24 | 2020-08-07 | Ппг Индастриз Огайо, Инк. | Железосодержащая композиция очистителя |
| CN106424673B (zh) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-10-26 | 云南驰宏资源综合利用有限公司 | 一种减缓铅锭表面氧化腐蚀的方法 |
| CN108342723B (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-02-07 | 常州市春雷浩宇环保科技有限公司 | 一种适用于锌系磷化液的无渣促进剂 |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA950402A (en) | 1970-01-06 | 1974-07-02 | Amchem Products | Process for applying a white paint electrophoretically |
| US3695942A (en) | 1970-12-02 | 1972-10-03 | Amchem Prod | Zirconium rinse for phosphate coated metal surfaces |
| JPS535622B2 (cs) | 1973-02-12 | 1978-03-01 | ||
| US3895970A (en) | 1973-06-11 | 1975-07-22 | Pennwalt Corp | Sealing rinse for phosphate coatings of metal |
| JPS57152472A (en) | 1981-03-16 | 1982-09-20 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Phosphating method for metallic surface for cation type electrodeposition painting |
| JPS5935681A (ja) | 1982-08-24 | 1984-02-27 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | カチオン型電着塗装用金属表面のリン酸塩処理方法 |
| DE3400339A1 (de) | 1984-01-07 | 1985-08-29 | Gerhard Collardin GmbH, 5000 Köln | Verfahren zur nachpassivierung von phosphatierten metalloberflaechen unter verwendung von nickel- und/oder kupfer-kationen enthaltenden loesungen |
| EP0544650B1 (en) | 1985-08-27 | 1997-11-26 | HENKEL CORPORATION (a Delaware Corp.) | A process for phosphate-coating metal surfaces |
| US4865653A (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1989-09-12 | Henkel Corporation | Zinc phosphate coating process |
| AU610313B2 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1991-05-16 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Process for phosphating metal surfaces |
| SU1740028A1 (ru) | 1988-02-25 | 1992-06-15 | Предприятие П/Я А-7896 | Способ управлени процессом выщелачивани полидисперсных материалов в вертикальном аппарате |
| DE3920296A1 (de) | 1989-06-21 | 1991-01-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von mangan- und magnesiumhaltigen zinkphosphatueberzuegen |
| DE3924984A1 (de) | 1989-07-28 | 1991-01-31 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur passivierenden nachspuelung von phosphatschichten |
| AU8107191A (en) | 1990-07-02 | 1992-01-23 | National Jewish Center For Immunology And Respiratory Medicine | Process for obtaining pure peptide transfer factor, transfer factor thus obtained and uses thereof |
| DE4041091A1 (de) | 1990-12-21 | 1992-06-25 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur nachspuelung von konversionsschichten |
| EP0660975A1 (de) | 1993-07-19 | 1995-07-05 | Melcher Ag | Ladungspumpe |
| DE4330002C1 (de) * | 1993-09-04 | 1995-03-23 | Herberts Gmbh | Verfahren zur Lackierung von metallischen Substraten und Anwendung des Verfahrens |
| DE4330104A1 (de) | 1993-09-06 | 1995-03-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Nickel- und Kupfer-freies Phosphatierverfahren |
| AU678284B2 (en) | 1993-09-06 | 1997-05-22 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Nickel-free phosphatization process |
| DE4341041A1 (de) | 1993-12-02 | 1995-06-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Nickelfreies Phosphatierverfahren mit m-Nitrobenzolsulfonat |
| DE4434593A1 (de) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-04 | Herberts Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer korrosionsschützenden, gut haftenden Lackierung und die dabei erhaltenen Werkstücke |
| DE19511573A1 (de) | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Phosphatierung mit metallhaltiger Nachspülung |
| DE19634685A1 (de) | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Wässrige Lösung und Verfahren zur Phosphatierung metallischer Oberflächen |
| DE19705701A1 (de) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-08-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Niedrig-Nickel-Phosphatierung mit metallhaltiger Nachspülung |
| DE19733978A1 (de) | 1997-08-06 | 1999-02-11 | Henkel Kgaa | Mit N-Oxiden beschleunigtes Phosphatierverfahren |
-
1998
- 1998-08-01 DE DE19834796A patent/DE19834796A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-07-23 WO PCT/EP1999/005273 patent/WO2000008231A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-23 TR TR2001/00243T patent/TR200100243T2/xx unknown
- 1999-07-23 CA CA002339234A patent/CA2339234A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-23 CN CN99809241A patent/CN1311827A/zh active Pending
- 1999-07-23 EP EP99939400A patent/EP1114202A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-23 US US09/744,759 patent/US6447662B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-23 JP JP2000563851A patent/JP2004500479A/ja active Pending
- 1999-07-23 CZ CZ2001409A patent/CZ2001409A3/cs unknown
- 1999-07-23 BR BR9912841-1A patent/BR9912841A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-23 SK SK155-2001A patent/SK1552001A3/sk unknown
- 1999-07-23 KR KR1020017001396A patent/KR20010072179A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-23 AU AU53714/99A patent/AU5371499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-23 PL PL99345590A patent/PL345590A1/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010072179A (ko) | 2001-07-31 |
| CA2339234A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
| DE19834796A1 (de) | 2000-02-03 |
| CN1311827A (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
| AU5371499A (en) | 2000-02-28 |
| JP2004500479A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
| TR200100243T2 (tr) | 2001-05-21 |
| US6447662B1 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
| BR9912841A (pt) | 2001-05-02 |
| CZ2001409A3 (cs) | 2001-08-15 |
| WO2000008231A1 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
| PL345590A1 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
| EP1114202A1 (de) | 2001-07-11 |
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