PT91096B - Composicao de enxerto de tecido - Google Patents
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Description
PURDUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION
MÉTODO PARA A PREPARAÇÃO DE UMA COMPOSIÇÃO DE ENXERTO DE TECIDO
MEMÓRIA DESCRITIVA
Resumo
Este invento relaciona-se com um método para a preparação de uma composição de enxerto de tecido a partir de um segmento do intestino delgado. A referida composição de enxerto de tecido compreende a túnica submucosa de um segmento do intestino delgado de um vertebrado de sangue quente em que a túnica submucosa é separada da túnica muscularis e que tem pelo menos a porção luminal da túnica mucosa. A composição de enxerto de tecido revelou possuir excelentes características mecânicas, assim como características de não-alergenicidade e de não-trombogenicidade em aplicações como autoenxertos vasculares, aloenxertos vasculares, e heteroenxertos vasculares.
FUNDAMENTOS DO INVENTO
Os materiais de enxerto de tecido atingiram hoje em dia um considerável significado clínico e económico. Avalia-se que em 19Só foram gastos $130 milhões apenas em enxertos vasculares, não incluindo os enxertos para bypass das artérias coronárias. Contudo as taxas de êxito para os processos de enxerto vascular são baixas em comparação com as da maior parte das outras técnicas cirúrgicas. Por exemplo, uma patencia cumulativa de 5 50X ê considerada excelente para enxertos vasculares de diâmetro. Essas taxas de êxito baixas resultam, em grande anos de pequena parte, materiais de uma ou mais deficiências :ísicas ou funcionais nos de enxerto correntemente utilizados na clínica.
A identificação de materiais apropriados para enxertos de tecido é particularmente difícil porque esses materiais devem possuir uma série de propriedades díspares.Por exemplo, os materiais de enxerto vascular devem não só apresentar estabilidade mecênica em situações de esforço contínuo, mas devem também ter uma. porosidade adequada para capi1 arização, resistência à pressão semelhante á do tecido hospedeira, e potenciais Zeta erem não trombogénicos). Além prefeZiltamerite negativos (de modo a disso devem ser não-a 1 ergénicos, não ca.rcinoqénicos, e de rência de fabrico não dispendioso.
Poucos, ou nenhuns, materiais de enxerto de tecido possuem todas as propriedades desejáveis. As referências bibliográficas da investigação e desenvolvimento no campo dos enxertos <ascu 1 ares ref 1 ec tem um esforço constante significativo para u1trapassar de f i.l. i. ênc ias ι_omuπ s dus mter i a i en xerto rorrentemente conhecidos owJ vKieiNM.
como
Foram utilizados materiais tanto sintéticos autogéneos para enxertos vasculares. Entre os sintéticos, o politetrafluoroetileno expandido (PTFE) é um material para enxerto vascular habitual mente utilizado, particularmente para cirurgias de bypass para vasos pequenos. Contudo, os enxertos de PTFE expandido são susceptíveis a hiperplasia neointima e a trombose tardia do enxerto (por exemplo, taxas de patencia de 6 anos de? aproximadamen te 5Θ7. para os bypasses f emoropopl i teus) . Os enxertos de PTFE são referidos como apresentando taxas de êxito ainda mais baixas quando utilizados na circulação venosa.
Um outro material sintético - Dacron R - é frequentemente utilizado para processos de enxertos vasculares de grande diâmetro (por exemplo, enxertos na aorta infrarenal>. Knitted Dacron contudo, tem uma porosidade reiativamente elevada e deve ser pré-coagu1ado antes da implantação a fim de evitar uma hemorragia intensa. Este processo de pré-coagu1 ação nem sempre é R prático ou coroado de êxito. Woven Dacron , embora menos poroso, apresenta uma resistência à pressão de apenas 207, da encontrada na aorta normal. F.inalmente os enxertos de Dacron^ actuam pobremente em artérias ou veias de pequeno diâmetro onde o fluxo sanguíneo é relativamente lento.
Um dos problemas mais significativos associados à utilização de produtos sintéticos como materiais de enxerto de tecido é o facto dos materiais sintéticos apresentarem uma baixa resistência à infecção. As taxas ção do enxerto sintético estão a de infecção a seguir à imolantaa uma mo r dade de 667». Os materiais sintéticos têm tendencia para albergar m i c ro o r g an i smos η os seus inter s t i c i os e , q uan d o c: on t a m i nad os, s ã d extremamente refractários á terapêutica antibacteriana. A explantação dos enxertos sintéticos infectados é virtualmente inevitábad original
Mais recentemente os ção de pele sintética s de utilizando células humanas viv 4.604.346, 4.546.5O0, 4.539.716 investigadores referiram preparaequivalentes de vasos sanguíneos as. Ver Patentes dos E.U.A. Nos. , 4.485.097, e 4.485.096.
Entre os materiais a.utoqéneos, a veia safena, a veiei umbilical humana, o intestino delgado invertido, e a artéria radial foram todos usados, mas cada um destes materiais apresentou também deficiências significativas. A veia safena pode ter um tamanho inapropriado para certos processos ou pode não se encontrar disponível devido a lesão por doença. Além disso, a veia safena pode apresentar varicosidades inaceitáveis e padece de aterogenese acelerada após arteriolização. Tanto os enxertos umbilicais como os enxertos de intestino delgada invertido são atingidos rápidamente por trombose e por formação posterior de aneurisma. Finalmente, a artéria radial apresenta utilidade limitada devido ao facto de ser de difícil colheita e de se poder deteriorar após a implantação do enxerto.
Constitui assim um objectivo deste invento proporcionar um material para enxerto de tecido gue não apresente muitas das deficiências associadas a muitos materiais de enxerto actualmente utilizados clínicamente.
Um outro objectivo deste invento consiste em proporcionar um método para preparar um novo material de enxerto de tecido a partir de um corte de intestino delgado.
Ainda um outro objectivo deste invento é o de proporcionar um método para utilização de um novo imaterial para enxerto de tecido com múltiplas finalidades em aplicações em autoenxertos, al o-enxertos e heteroenxertos.
BAD ORIGINal
Ainda ura outro objectivo deste invento é o de proporcionar ura método para utilização de uma. nova composição ae enxerta de tecido para substituição de vasos sanguíneos.
DESCRIÇgQ BREVE DO DESENHO
A Fig. 1 representa um corte transversal do intestino delgado.
DESCRIçao DETALHADA DQ INVENTO
Este invento é dirigido a uma composição de enxerta de tecido compreendendo principalmente a túnica submucosa de um segmento do intestino delgado de um vertebrado de sangue quente. A túnica submucosa é separada da túnica muscularis e pelo menos a porção luminal da túnica mucosa do corte do intestino delgado. Forque a presente composição de enxerto de tecido revelou possuir excelentes características funcionais em aplicações como au.toenxertos; vasculares e como aloenxertos vasculares, prevê—se que as composiçoes de enxerto de tecido deste invento vão encontrar ampla utilização mesmo como heteroenxertos em aplicações de enxertos tanto vasculares como noutros tecidos. Os requerentes descobriram que a. presente composição de enxerto de tecido apresenta múltiplas características físicas e biológicas que a tornam particu1armente adaptada para aplicações em enxertos de tec i d os .
Numa apresentação preferida deste invento, o material do enxerto de tecido compreende tecido da submucosa e tecida da mucosa basilar separados a partir de um corte de intestino delgado, com maior preferência do jejuno, uma porção do intestino delgado que se estende entre o duodeno e o íleo. 0 intestino delgado, antes da sua manipulação (separação de laminas) para
BAD ORIGINAL mucosa, particularmente a. lamina muscularis da mucosa Ε e o stratum compactum F. Aquelas camadas colectivamente são aqui a seguir referidas como a Submucosa dei Intestino Delgado (SIS).
Um autoenxerto de SIS de acordo com este invento pode ser preparado, por exemplo, fazendo primeiro a ressecçSo de um segmento do jejuno proximal autogéneo a seguir a uma incisão de laparotomia na linha média. 0 segmento de jejuna de que se fez a ressecçSo é então envolvido em esponjas cirúrgicas que foram embebidas em solução salina fisiológico (liquido fisiológico). Depois da anastomose intestinal ficar completa, o segmento intestinal de que se fez a ressecçSo é preparado de acordo com o método deste invento aqui a seguir descrito para utilização como material para enxerto de tecido. De um modo semelhante, os aloenxertos são preparados a partir de tecido intestinal removido de dadores de orgão/tecido da mesma espécie. Os heteroenxertos podem ser preparados, por exemplo, a partir de tecido intestinal felino, porcino ou bovino recuperado de animais sacrificados em operaçSes realizadas em matadouros. Até agora, foram encontradas diferenças morfológicas mínimas nos tecidos intestinais das diferentes espécies. Na verdade, verificou-se que o aspecto histológico do tecido de enxerto humano de acordo com este invento era quase idêntico ao do cão.A única diferença morfológica reconhecível era constituída por um stratum compactum ligeiramente menos denso no tecido humano.
D material de enxerto de tecido deste invento é preparado raspando o tecido intestinal a fim de remover as camadas exteriores incluindo tanto a túnica serosa como a túnica muscularis (camadas B e C na Fig. 1) e as camadas interiores incluindo pelo menos a porção lum.inal (camada G) da túnica mucosa (camadas E a G na Fig 1). Em condiçSes de raspaqem suave a túnica mucosa é deslaminada entre o stratum compactum (camada F) e a lamina basal bad da camada G. Mais particularmente, a seguir á remoção de quisquer tecidos mesentéricos do segmento intestinal utilizando, por exemplo, fórceps Adson-Brown e tesouras Metzenbaum, a tu.nica serosa e a túnica muscularis Cas camadas de tecido exteriores) são separadas do segmento intestinal por raspagem usando um movimento de esfregar longitudinal com um cabo de bisturi e gaze humedecida. A seguir à eversão do segmento intestinal, a porção lurninal da túnica mucosa ê separada do tecido subjacente usando o mesmo movimento de esfregar.Tem que se ter cuidada para evitar a perfuração da submucosa. São também removidos quaisquer apêndices de tecido das camadas separadas que permaneçam na superfície do enxerto. Facultativamente, o segmento intestinal pode ser primeiramente evertido, sendo em seguida liberto das camadas luminais, e sendo em seguida reinserido na sua orientação primitiva para remoção da túnica serosa e da túnica muscularis. 0 material de enxerto é constituído por um tubo de tecido translúcido, esbranquiçado, com aproximadamente 0,1 mm de espessura, consistindo tipicamente na túnica submucosa juntamente com a lamina muscularis da mucosa e o stratum compactum. Para a preparação do enxerto vascular, o enxerto preparado é evertido para a sua orientação primitiva de modo a que o stratum compactum sirva de superfície lurninal do enxerto.
material de enxerto preparado é tipicamente lavado com solução salina e colocado numa solução de sulfato de neomicina a 107. durante aproximadamente '20 minutos, e após esse período de tempo o material de enxerto está pronto para ser utilizado. Os enxertos são aplicados usando processos cirúrgicos de rotina habitualmente utilizados para aplicaçSes de enxertos de tecido. Para utilização em aplicaçSes de enxertos de tecido não vasculares, o material de enxerto tubular pode ser cortado longitudinalmente e enrolado para formar um remendo” de tecido. Na verdade, o processo total de separação de tecidos anteriormente descrito r 3
BAD ORIGINAL j pode ser realizado em remendos de tecido intestinal preparados cortando o segmento intestinal longitudinalmente e desenrolando—o para formar um remendo de pré-enxerto. Os remendos preparados de enxertos de tecido podem ser utilizados, por exemplo, como um material para enxerta da pele ou para a reparação de outros defeitos de tecidos do corpo adaptando—os para aplicação cirúrgica de um remendo de enxerto de tecido tendo caracteristicas físicas e funcionais da presente composição de enxerto.
Para utilização em enxertos vasculares, o enxerto deve ter um diâmetro mais ou menos igual ao diâmetro do vaso sanguíneo recipiente. Isto é realizado manipulando o enxerto de tecida de modo a. definir um cilindro tendo um diâmetro aproximadamente igual ao do vaso sanguíneo recipiente e suturando ou fechando bem de qualquer outro modo o enxerto de tecido longitudinalmente a. fim de formar o referido enxerto vascular. Assim, por exemplo, um enxerto vascular pode ser preparado seleccionando uma haste de vidro estéril tendo um diâmetro exterior igual ao do vaso sanguíneo recipiente e introduzindo a haste de vidro no lume do enxerta . 0 tecido redundante é então reunido e o diâmetro do lume desejado é conseguido suturando ao longo do comprimento do enxerto (por exemplo, usando duas linhas contínuas de sutura ou uma única linha, de sutura interrompida) ou usando outras técnicas de fechar bem tecidos reconhecidas nesta técnica.
Consistente com os objectivos deste invento, a composição SIS possui, propriedades mecânicas altamente desejáveis para matérias de enxerto de tecido, incluindo índice de porosidade baixo, elevada maleabilidade, e um ponto de pressão de rebentamento elevado. Quanto á porosidade, qualquer especialista nesta técnica terá em consideração que o material do enxerto de tecido deverá, ter uma porosidade suficientemente baixa de modo a evitar hemorragia intraoperatória embora tendo uma porosidade
BAD ORIGINAL suficientemente elevada para permitir -a extensão de u.m vasa vasorum recentemente desenvolvido através do material de enxerto a fim de alimentar a. neointima e a superfície luminal. A porosidade de um material de enxerto é medida tipicamente em termos de
-1 ml de áqua passados por cm min com uuma pressão de topo de 120 mm Hg. □ índice de porosidade do material de enxerta SIS é 10, muito mais baixo do que o de outros materiais de enxerto correntemente conhecidos nesta técnica. (Woven Dacrori^, por exemplo, tem um índice de porosidade de 5Õ). Contudo apesar deste baixo índice de porosidade, o SIS é ainda suficientemente poroso para permitir a ocorrência de neocapilarização no interior do enxerto de SIS. Nas aplicações de enxerto vascular as composições de SIS permitem a formação de capilares cheios de sangue no interior do enxerto estendendo-se até á superfície luminal quatro dias logo após a cirurgia.
Mo que se refere à resistência à pressão do enxerto, foi descrita nesta técnica a existência de uma relação directa entre a resistência à pressão e a patencia. Idealmente um material de enxerto deve possuir pelo menos uma resistência à pressão semelhante à do tecido qu.e ele substitui. A resistência à pressão longitudinal do material de enxerto SIS foi medida por meio da utilização de um teste tensil simples. Formou-se o comprimento do calibre inicial com duas marcas de tinta com 5,õ cm de distância. 0 alongamento e a força aplicada foram medidos quando as amostras foram carregadas a uma taxa de tensão de 32 cm/cm/min., proporcionando os resultados que se seguem:
'í bad original
Resistência à pressão do enxerto de SIS: 0,045 cm/N por cm
Resistência à pressão da aorta de cão normal: Θ,017 cm/N por cm de comprimento
Assim, os materiais de enxerto SIS apresentam na realidade uma resistência à pressão maior do que a da aorta normal. Isto constitui um progresso significativo em relação às técnicas anterioras no campo dos enxertos vasculares. Todos os enxertos sintéticos presentemente disponíveis são 3 a 10 vezes menos resistentes à pressão do que a artéria natural e proporcionalmente estão mais sujeitos a trombose do que a artéria natural. □ método das técnicas anteriores para compensação deste desajustamento da resistência à pressão consiste em utilizar um material de enxerto com um diâmetro maior do que a artéria natural adjacente. Esta técnica, contudo, acarretou problemas adicionais. A velocidade do sanque é menor através do segmento de enxerto com um diâmetro maior. Por isso, existe uma menor força de cisalhamento na parede do enxerto. Nestas condiçSes, são mais prováveis o depósito de plaquetas e de fibrina com subsequente trombose. Pe?lo contrário, porque o material SIS demonstra uma tão elevada resistência à pressão, os enxertos de SIS isodiamétricos podem ser utilizados sem a ocorrência desses problemas.
ponto de poderia pressão tubular en ::er to presente material de enxerto de SIS revelou ter pressão de rebentamento muito para além do que encontrar fisiológicamente. Foi realizado um teste de rebentamento ligando um segmento de enxerto de a cilindros com 25 mm de diâmetro e pressurizando com gás azoto com uma taxa de fluxo constante. Fo um de
SIS o
ram
BAD ORIGINAL usadas duas taxas de fluxo. Com a taxa de fluxo mais baixa,, a pressão inicialmente aumentou para em seguida cair e estabilizou à medida que a saida de gás através da parede do enxerta se equilibrou com a entrada de qás. Com a taxa de fluxo mais elevada, a pressão subiu imediatamente até condiçoes de rebentamento a aproximadamente 400 mm Hg, indicando que o material de enxerto pode fácilmente suportar as pressões pulsáteis contínuas encontradas na utilização de enxertos vasculares fisiológicamente normais.
EXEMPLOS
Exemplo 1. Submucosa do Intestino Delgado como um Enxerto Arterial de Grande Diâmetro
Foi realizada uma série de experiências que testaram a capacidade de três diferentes configuraçSes do intestino delgado para servirem como enxertos vasculares na aorta infrarenal do cão. A primeira experiência utilizou um segmento de jejuno não invertido, com a espessura total, ou com um fornecimento neurovascular mesentérico intacto ou com um segmento isolado, livre, como o material de enxerta. A mucosa intestinal constituiu a interface sangue-enxerto. Os 4 cães desta experiência morreram todos no espaço de 13 horas após a cirurgia por trombose do segmento do enxerto e hemorragia a partir das linhas de sutura.
isolado e in ter face enxerto
A segunda experiência utilizou um segmento de jejuno invertido como enxerto com a. túnica serosa, servindo de s a n que- en x e r to. U t i 1 i z a r am—se 2 c ã e s n e s t a e pe r i ê n c i a. „ no primeiro cão ficou trombosado 4 horas após a cirurgia, e o segundo cão morreu de hemorragia aguda no sítio da anastomose proxima.l 4 dias- após a cirurgia.
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- 13 A terceira experiência testou a. utilização de apenas uma porção da parede intestinal como material de enxerto. Foi recolhido de cada. cão um segmento livre da porção superior de jejuno e então a maior parte da mucosa foi removida raspando rudemente a superfície luminal com um cabo de bisturi. Pelo mesmo processo,, foram então removidas a serosa e a túnica muscularis. □ tecido gue permaneceu após esta manipulação aparentemente brutal do segmento do intestino era constituído por uma secção da submucosa e de mucosa basilar com ΙΟΘμ de espessura. Este enxerto foi então colocado na aorta infrarenal de 15 cães tendo tido im êxito notável. Os resumidos a seguir resultados desta terceira experiência são
Treze dos 15 cães mantiveram enxertos patentes até à altura em que foram sacrificados. Onze cães foram sacrificadas em vários tempos após a cirurgia variando entre 4 dias e 1 ano. animais não revelaram quaisquer sinais de infecção, formação aneurisma ou trombose do enxerto. A insu
Os de do enxerto observada em dois cães foi causada por erro técnico, incluindo má colocação dos agrafos de ligação metálicos e má técnica de anastomose. Dois animais permanecem vivos na altura da elaboração deste texto os quais estão sendo monitorizados para informação sobre a patencia do enxerto a longo prazo.
A patencia dos enxertos foi verificada por meio de radiografia de contraste positiva no espaço de quatro a sete dias após a. cirurgia, e em seguida cada 6 a. 8 semanas. Além disso, a patencia do enxerto foi monitorizada clinicamente observando a presença, de um pulso femural forte e a. inexistência de edema das patas posteriores.
Onze dos cães que mantiveram enxertos patentes foram sacrificados em vários intervalas de tempo após a cirurgia (4,, 7,
BAD ORIGINAL e 14 dias, e 9, 11, 13, 17, 26, 44, e 52 semanas). Imediatamente antes de serem sacrificados, os animais foram submetidos a uma angiografia adicional para confirmar a patencia do enxerta e para proporcionar uma radiografia comparativa para avaliação da dilatação, estenose e formação de aneurisma no enxerto. Os orce cães revelaram todos uma patencia completa sem evidencia de alterações luminais prejudiciais.
A observação macroscópica destes segmentos de enxerto revelou uma superfície luminal brilhante com areas vermelhas e brancas combinadas ao acaso e sem evidencia de formação de trombos» Verificou-se a acumulação de um tecido conjuntivo dura circundante o qual se apresentou em confluência com a parede do enxerta. Todos os especimens examinadas antes de b meses após a cirurgia não revelaram qualquer evidência, de crescimento celular endotelial sabre a superfície do enxerto. A superfície destes enxertos ficou, coberta por uma camada plana, moderadamente densa e organizada de colagénio,
O exame histopatológico de especimens às 26, 44 e 52 semanas revelou a existência de células do tipo endotelial que cobriam parcialmente uma camada delgada (aproximadamente 500p) de fibrina densamente organizada. Toda a tecido se encontrava infiltrado com capilares cheis de sangue, e o bordo externo do material de enxerta original não se conseguia distinguir do tecido conjuntivo envolvente. D exame por microscopia electróníca de varredura da superfície luminal revelou uma camada de células achatadas, que não se consegue distinguir das células endote— liais, com pseudcpodia alongada. A avaliação por microscopia electróníca do transmissão destes- segmentos de enxerto também sugeriram a presença de células endoteliais cobrindo a superfície luminal ·. Além disso, a presença de Factor VIII: Antigénio Afim, detectado por coloração imunof lu.orescen te, suqeriu. também a
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origem endotelial destas células de. superfície luroinal do enxerto. D material do enxerto foi também testado· quanto à presença de células endoteliais fazendo um ensaio quanto à presença de factor relaxante derivado do· endotelio. A acetilcolina foi aplicada à superfície dos especíroens de enxerta e a efluente foi recolhido. 0 efluente revelou, através de observação do relaxamento do músculo liso numa preparação de aorta da ratazana, conter factor relaxante derivado do endotelio.
A pressão sanguínea na porção cefálica, na porção distai e no interior do enxerte· de SIS foi determinada em cada um dos IO cães sacrifiçados. As pressões revelaram-se idênticas nas 3 localizações em cada um dos cães, reflectindo uma inexistência de efeitos hemodinSmicos prejudiciais originados pelo material de enxerto SIS.
□ s parâmetros laboratoriais que se seguem foram medidos antes da cirurgia, um dia após a cirurgia, e em seguida em vários tempos adicionais durante meses subsequentes em todos os cães: hematócrito, tempo de protrombina, tempo de tromboplastina parcialmente activada, contagem de plaquetas, fórmula e contagem completa, e um perfil químico abreviado do soro. Os resultados obtidos com estes exames laboratoriais em todos os tempos revelaram que os animais estavam normais. Administrou-se a estes at.nimais um tratamento com doses baixas de heparina (óúO unidades IV) durante o processo cirúrgico, mas não se lhes administrou anticoagulante durante o período pós-operatório. A não existência de quaisquer alterações nos testes de coagulação e nas contaqens de plaquetas foi particularmente encorajante tendo em conta o sistema de coagulação rela.tivamente hiperactivo cio cão em comparação com o do homem.
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Exemplo 2. Submucosa do Intestino Delgado oomo um Enxerto
Arterial de Pequeno Diâmetro
Esta experiência envolveu a implantação em dezoito cães de um total de 3ó enxertos tanto na artéria femoral como na artéria carótida. Trinta e três dos trinta e seis enxertos permaneceram patentes. Foram feitas medições 1aboratoriais nestes animais idênticas às do primeiro estudo não tendo sido observadas quaisquer anomalias. Além disso, utilizou-se formação de imagem por ultrasons em 2 dimensões convencionais para medir a patencia. e o diâmetro do vaso em corte transversal.
exame anátomopatológico do tecido do enxerto a partir de um cão sacrificado quatro dias após cirurgia revelou uma superfície luminal não trombótica e uma anastomose proximal moderadamente estenótica. D exame histológico revelou a presença precoce de capilares cheios de sangue na parede do enxerto, o que representa uma defesa natural do organismo em relação à. infecção. Cinco destes doentes permaneceram vivos na altura da elaboração deste texto para posterior avaliação. D cão com maior sobrevivência neste estudo tem agora 7 meses de vida após cirurgia.
Exemplo 3, Submucosa do Intestino Delgado como um Enxerto Venoso
Lava pu cães e homem ') tenham v a m e n t e en xerto
Nesta experiência, o enxerto SIS foi colocado na veia sterior (análoga à veia cava inferior no homem) de dois na veia cava anterior (análoga à veia cava superior no de cinco cães. Embora. os enxertos na veia cava posterior permanecido patentes durante apenas 11 e 14 dias respecti, o exame anátomopatológico revelou gue o insucesso dos s se ficou a dever a erros técnicos em que o sítio da bad ORSGíNAL anastoroose inferior ficou, estenosado (S ω de diâmetro em comparação com os IA mm de diâmetro adjacente na veia cava natural e no enxerto proximal). Além disso, as superfícies luminais de ambos os enxertos encontravam-se cobertas por um pseudoepitelio não trombótico composto por fibrina firmemente unida e por tecido conjuntivo colagénio imaturo.
Os enxertos na veia cava anterior permaneceram patentes até se sacrificarem três dos cães nos dias 7, 14 e 21 respectivamente, após cirurgia. Dois dos cães permanecem vivos na altura da elaboração deste texto com enxertos patentes às 7 semanas após a cirurgia. A linha de sutura proximal nos três cães revelou evidência de trombose precoce no local em que se tinha invertido uma beira do enxerto o que estava, na origem de um fluxo sanguíneo turbulento, mas a restante porção do enxerto mostravase não trombótico. Além disso, os exames anatomopatológico e histológico revelaram que o enxerto se encontrava revestido por uma superfície vermelha lisa, brilhante com um aspecto idêntico ao cios enxertos anteriores estudados em experiências prévias.
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Exempla 4 Submucosa do Intestino Delgado como um ftloenxerto Arterial
SIS tem sido utilizado como um aloenxerto de grande diâmetro na aorta do cão. Os aloenxertos foram realizados do mesmo modo que o descrito anteriormente para o nosso estudo de enxertos aorticos. Na altura da elaboração deste texto os animais do teste têm apenas 8 semanas de vida após a cirurgia, mas não apresentam quaisquer sinais de trombose, infecção ou formação de aneurisma no enxerto (como é documentado por angiogramas).
Ε xem pio 5. Submucosa do Intestino Delgado como um
Heteroenxerto Arterial □ SIS tem sido utilizado como um heteroenxerto no cão. 0 enxerto com SIS de origem felina foi preparado de acordo com os processos aqui anteriormente descritos e foi colocado num cão. Na altura da elaboração deste texto, o animal do teste tinha duas semanas de vida após a cirurgia e não apresentava quaisquer sinais prejudiciais.
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Claims (1)
- REIVINDICAÇÕES:lê - Composição de enxerto de tecido carac terizada por compreender a túnica submucosa, a muscularis mucosa e o stratum compactum da túnica mucosa de um segmento do tecido intestinal de um vertebrado de sangue quente, sendo a túnica submucosa, muscularis mucosa e statum compactum deslaminados da túnica muscularis e da porção luminal da túnica mucosa do referido segmento do tecido intestinal.22 - Composição do enxerto de tecido Reivindicação 1 caractecizada por o segmento do de acordo com a tecido intestinal ser retirado do intestino delgado.32 - Composição de reivindicação 2 caracterizada ser retirado do jejuno.enxerto de tecido por o segmento de de acordo com a tecido intestinal42 - Composição de enxerto de tecido de acordo com a reivindicação 1 csracteriazda por ser formada num cilindro tendo um diâmetro dc> lume pré—determinado e suturada ao longo do comprimento do cilindro.52 - Composição de enxerto de tecido de acordo com a reivindicação 4 caracterizada pctr o stratum compactum formar a superfície luminal do cilindro,.62 — Composição do enxerto de tecido de acordo com a reivindicação 2 caracterizada por ser formada num cilindro tendo um diâmetro de lume pré—determinado e suturada ao longo do comprimento do cilindro,.BAD ORIGINA7â - Composição do enxerta de teoido de acorda com reivindicação 6 caracterizada por o stratum compactum formar superfície luminal do cilindro.Lisboa, 7 de Julho de 198?J. PEREIRA DA CRUZ Agmts Oficial Ja Prepriíóiah In4usíri»l VlCTCft CORD®N. io-a.1200 LISBOA1.·RUABAD ORIGINAL ; jáFOLHA ÚNICA
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