NO320552B1 - Elektrokjemisk energilager og/eller effektleverende celler med pH-styring - Google Patents
Elektrokjemisk energilager og/eller effektleverende celler med pH-styring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO320552B1 NO320552B1 NO19951377A NO951377A NO320552B1 NO 320552 B1 NO320552 B1 NO 320552B1 NO 19951377 A NO19951377 A NO 19951377A NO 951377 A NO951377 A NO 951377A NO 320552 B1 NO320552 B1 NO 320552B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- cell
- electrolyte
- electrode
- ions
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 title 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- XWTFVTOZYCMQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].[Br] Chemical compound [S].[Br] XWTFVTOZYCMQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].[Zn] Chemical compound [Br].[Zn] ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020275 Na2Sx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GHSVBKGWTWVLFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Br+].[Br-] Chemical compound [Br+].[Br-] GHSVBKGWTWVLFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WLFQVYGQQKKEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl+].[Cl-] Chemical compound [Cl+].[Cl-] WLFQVYGQQKKEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1l2u0q Chemical compound Br[Br-]Br GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006727 cell loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004850 liquid epoxy resins (LERs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011268 retreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium disulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-][S-] SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium feredetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019086 sulfide ion homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US96111192A | 1992-10-14 | 1992-10-14 | |
| PCT/GB1993/002107 WO1994009522A1 (en) | 1992-10-14 | 1993-10-13 | ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE AND/OR POWER DELIVERY CELL WITH pH CONTROL |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO951377L NO951377L (no) | 1995-04-07 |
| NO951377D0 NO951377D0 (no) | 1995-04-07 |
| NO320552B1 true NO320552B1 (no) | 2005-12-19 |
Family
ID=25504071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19951377A NO320552B1 (no) | 1992-10-14 | 1995-04-07 | Elektrokjemisk energilager og/eller effektleverende celler med pH-styring |
Country Status (32)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5439757A (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP0664929B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP3452357B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR100271530B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN1043549C (ko) |
| AT (1) | ATE139372T1 (ko) |
| AU (1) | AU671863B2 (ko) |
| BG (1) | BG61627B1 (ko) |
| BR (1) | BR9307234A (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA2145883C (ko) |
| CZ (1) | CZ283673B6 (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE69303179T2 (ko) |
| DK (1) | DK0664929T3 (ko) |
| DZ (1) | DZ1723A1 (ko) |
| EG (1) | EG20194A (ko) |
| ES (1) | ES2089853T3 (ko) |
| FI (1) | FI108684B (ko) |
| GR (1) | GR3020714T3 (ko) |
| HK (1) | HK1001071A1 (ko) |
| HU (1) | HU217396B (ko) |
| IL (1) | IL107236A (ko) |
| MY (1) | MY111072A (ko) |
| NO (1) | NO320552B1 (ko) |
| NZ (1) | NZ256709A (ko) |
| PH (1) | PH31083A (ko) |
| PL (1) | PL173296B1 (ko) |
| RU (1) | RU2110118C1 (ko) |
| SG (1) | SG52426A1 (ko) |
| SK (1) | SK280749B6 (ko) |
| UA (1) | UA26101C2 (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO1994009522A1 (ko) |
| ZA (1) | ZA937283B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE367661T1 (de) * | 1998-06-09 | 2007-08-15 | Farnow Technologies Pty Ltd | Redoxgelbatterie |
| GB9913185D0 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 1999-08-04 | Nat Power Plc | Sulfur precipitation detector |
| GB9928344D0 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2000-01-26 | Nat Power Plc | Electrolyte rebalancing system |
| MY124198A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2006-06-30 | Regenesys Tech Limited | Electrolyte rebalancing system |
| GB2362752B (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2002-06-05 | Innogy Ltd | Method of operating a fuel cell |
| GB2372875B (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2003-04-16 | Innogy Ltd | Process for operating a regenerative fuel cell |
| GB2374722B (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2003-05-28 | Innogy Technology Ventures Ltd | Regenerative fuel cell with pH control |
| AU2003901763A0 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2003-05-01 | Michael Kazacos | Novel bromide redox flow cells and batteries |
| CN1320680C (zh) * | 2004-06-24 | 2007-06-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 多硫化钠/溴储能电池的阳极电解液制备方法 |
| KR100657965B1 (ko) | 2005-08-10 | 2006-12-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유체의 ｐＨ를 전기화학적으로 조절하기 위한 미세유동장치및 그를 이용하여 ｐＨ를 조절하는 방법 |
| CA2668720A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-22 | Yale University | Osmotic heat engine |
| WO2010065791A2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-10 | Oasys Water, Inc. | Utility scale osmotic grid storage |
| US20100328248A1 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Ocular Lcd Inc. | Capacitive touch screen with reduced electrode trace resistance |
| CN102511106A (zh) * | 2009-09-28 | 2012-06-20 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 电池和能量系统 |
| EP2491610B1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2017-06-28 | RedFlow R&D Pty Ltd | Recombinator for flowing electrolyte battery |
| CN102823046B (zh) | 2010-03-30 | 2016-08-03 | 应用材料公司 | 液流电池组 |
| EP2625577B1 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2019-06-26 | Terumo BCT, Inc. | Customizable methods and systems of growing and harvesting cells in a hollow fiber bioreactor system |
| JP2015519718A (ja) | 2012-06-15 | 2015-07-09 | ユニバーシティー オブ デラウェア | 多重膜、多重電解質のレドックスフロー電池設計 |
| US20140050999A1 (en) * | 2012-08-19 | 2014-02-20 | Ftorion, Inc. | Flow Battery And Regeneration System |
| US9865895B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2018-01-09 | Ess Tech, Inc. | Methods to prepare stable electrolytes for iron redox flow batteries |
| CN103259032B (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2016-06-08 | 单萌 | 一种常温热发电方法及其装置 |
| US10181615B2 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2019-01-15 | Ess Tech, Inc. | Method and system for rebalancing electrolytes in a redox flow battery system |
| US10230125B2 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2019-03-12 | Ess Tech, Inc. | Method and system to maintain electrolyte stability for all-iron redox flow batteries |
| US9509011B2 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2016-11-29 | Ess Tech, Inc. | Method and system for rebalancing electrolytes in a redox flow battery system |
| WO2015026393A1 (en) * | 2013-08-18 | 2015-02-26 | Ftorion, Inc. | Flow battery and regeneration system with improved safety |
| JP6633522B2 (ja) | 2013-11-16 | 2020-01-22 | テルモ ビーシーティー、インコーポレーテッド | バイオリアクターにおける細胞増殖 |
| WO2015148704A1 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-01 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Passive replacement of media |
| WO2016049421A1 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-31 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Scheduled feed |
| DE102014225612A1 (de) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Regeneration der Elektrolytlösung eines Redox-Flow-Akkumulators |
| RO130718B1 (ro) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-09-29 | Iuliu Ionescu | Sistem de baterie electrică cu putere mărită |
| KR102537923B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-14 | 2023-05-26 | 록히드 마틴 에너지, 엘엘씨 | 바이폴라 막을 가진 플로우 배터리 평형화 셀 및 이것의 사용 방법 |
| WO2016168360A1 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Flow battery balancing cells having a bipolar membrane for simultaneous modification of a negative electrolyte solution and a positive electrolyte solution |
| WO2017004592A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-05 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Cell growth with mechanical stimuli |
| DE102015010083A1 (de) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-09 | Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena | Redox-Flow-Zelle zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie und deren Verwendung |
| US11965175B2 (en) | 2016-05-25 | 2024-04-23 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Cell expansion |
| US11685883B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2023-06-27 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Methods and systems for coating a cell growth surface |
| US11104874B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Coating a bioreactor |
| US10714785B2 (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2020-07-14 | Vionx Energy Corporation | Systems and methods for electrolyte storage and detecting faults in flow batteries |
| EP3656841A1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2020-05-27 | Terumo BCT, Inc. | Cell expansion |
| US11624046B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-04-11 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Cell expansion |
| US10923723B1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2021-02-16 | Richard Carl Auchterlonie | Electro-conductive polymers of halogenated para-aminophenol, and electrochemical cells employing same |
| WO2018207367A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-15 | 日立化成株式会社 | 水溶液系二次電池、水溶液系二次電池の充放電方法、水溶液系二次電池用電解液、フロー電池システム及び発電システム |
| CN108448047A (zh) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-24 | 元创绿能科技股份有限公司 | 电瓶液之充电装置 |
| US11469452B2 (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2022-10-11 | Hunt Energy Enterprises, L.L.C. | Capacity regenerable excess electrolyte Zn ion battery |
| RU198023U1 (ru) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-15 | Акционерное общество "Энергия" (АО "Энергия") | Батарея электрохимической системы литий-диоксид марганца с органическим электролитом |
| US12043823B2 (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2024-07-23 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Cell capture and expansion |
| WO2023288075A1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-19 | Switchback Systems, Inc. | Electrochemical fluidic valve and devices containing the same |
Family Cites Families (49)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL76387C (ko) * | 1949-03-24 | |||
| US3121028A (en) * | 1959-06-29 | 1964-02-11 | Ethyl Corp | High performance battery |
| US3077507A (en) * | 1960-05-16 | 1963-02-12 | Union Carbide Corp | Fuel cell electrode |
| US3227585A (en) * | 1960-11-07 | 1966-01-04 | Leesona Corp | Fuel cell |
| FR1291005A (fr) * | 1961-03-09 | 1962-04-20 | Electricite De France | Perfectionnements aux électrodes de puissance à oxygène |
| FR1365569A (fr) * | 1962-09-14 | 1964-07-03 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Procédé de régénération d'oxydants primaires dans des piles électrochimiques |
| US3350227A (en) * | 1962-09-14 | 1967-10-31 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method of regenerating nitric acid oxidant of fuel cell |
| DE1571985A1 (de) * | 1966-07-06 | 1971-02-25 | Chemie Technik Gmbh | Verfahren zur anodischen Oxydation von sulfidischen Verbindungen |
| DE1671970C3 (de) * | 1967-02-18 | 1973-12-20 | Varta Batterie, 3000 Hannover | Batterie von Brennstoffelementen oder Elektrolyseuren und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| BE710652A (ko) * | 1967-02-24 | 1968-06-17 | ||
| FR1522304A (fr) * | 1967-02-24 | 1968-04-26 | Alsthom Cgee | Batterie compacte de piles à combustible |
| US3540934A (en) * | 1967-07-11 | 1970-11-17 | Jan Boeke | Multiple cell redox battery |
| CH509672A (it) * | 1969-04-23 | 1971-06-30 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | Elettrodo per accumulatori elettrici a alogenuro di zinco in elettrolita acquoso del tipo a catodo solubile ed anodo disciolto |
| US3663300A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1972-05-16 | Leonard Nanis | Foam electrolyte, fuel cell, and method for increasing effectiveness of fuel cells |
| US3920444A (en) * | 1970-12-21 | 1975-11-18 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Method comprising the use of N-substituted perfluoroalkyanesulfonamides as herbicidal and plant growth modifying agents, and composition |
| FR2146144A1 (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1973-03-02 | Alsthom | Rechargeable electrochemical cell - with alkaline electrolyte and stacked thin plate elements |
| GB1364795A (en) * | 1972-05-16 | 1974-08-29 | Nanis L | Fuel cells |
| US3920474A (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1975-11-18 | Gen Engineering Lab Inc | Method of operating a fuel cell using sulfide fuel |
| US4053684A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1977-10-11 | Gel, Inc. | Method of operating a fuel cell |
| US4038460A (en) * | 1976-03-17 | 1977-07-26 | Eco-Control, Inc. | Halogen complexing ethers |
| US4064324A (en) * | 1976-04-07 | 1977-12-20 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Metal-Halogenelectrochemical cell |
| US4069371A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1978-01-17 | Gel, Inc. | Energy conversion |
| US4230549A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1980-10-28 | Rai Research Corporation | Separator membranes for electrochemical cells |
| US4117204A (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1978-09-26 | General Engineering Labs. | Sulfite anolyte and persulfate catholyte fuel cell |
| US4180623A (en) * | 1977-12-19 | 1979-12-25 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Electrically rechargeable battery |
| US4218519A (en) * | 1978-09-01 | 1980-08-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Configuration for a gas redox fuel cell employing an ion exchange membrane |
| IL56621A (en) * | 1979-02-07 | 1982-08-31 | Yeda Res & Dev | Electrocatalytically active electrodes |
| US4215182A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1980-07-29 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Conversion of solar energy to chemical and electrical energy |
| IL59925A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1983-09-30 | Yeda Res & Dev | Storage of electrical energy with a tin-tin-sulfide sulfur/sulfide system |
| US4343474A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-08-10 | Steven Caney | Multiple game device |
| US4339473A (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-07-13 | Rai Research Corporation | Gamma radiation grafting process for preparing separator membranes for electrochemical cells |
| US4407902A (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1983-10-04 | Ford Motor Company | Chemically regenerable redox fuel cell and method of operating the same |
| US4343868A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-08-10 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Hydrogen ion-producing cell and technique for controlling the pH of battery electrolytes |
| US4328287A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1982-05-04 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Gas flow through electrodes |
| US4485154A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1984-11-27 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Electrically rechargeable anionically active reduction-oxidation electrical storage-supply system |
| US4469760A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1984-09-04 | Electric Power Research, Institute | Redox battery including a bromine positive electrode and a chromium ion negative electrode, and method |
| US4390602A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-06-28 | Struthers Ralph C | Fuel cell |
| US4414090A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1983-11-08 | Rai Research Corporation | Separator membranes for redox-type electrochemical cells |
| ATE58262T1 (de) * | 1983-12-19 | 1990-11-15 | Energiespeicher & Antriebssyst | Galvanisches element, insbesondere sekundaerelement und verfahren zur herstellung desselben. |
| US4614693A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1986-09-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Metal-halogen secondary battery |
| JPS61206180A (ja) * | 1985-03-08 | 1986-09-12 | Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd | 亜鉛‐臭素電池の電解液 |
| US4786567A (en) * | 1986-02-11 | 1988-11-22 | Unisearch Limited | All-vanadium redox battery |
| JPS63195970A (ja) * | 1987-02-09 | 1988-08-15 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | レドツクスフロ−電池 |
| JPS63205057A (ja) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-08-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | レドツクスフロ−電池 |
| JPH0656767B2 (ja) * | 1987-03-09 | 1994-07-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | レドツクスフロ−電池 |
| US4828942A (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-05-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Polysulfide battery |
| WO1989005528A1 (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-06-15 | Unisearch Limited | Vanadium charging cell and vanadium dual battery system |
| JP2748379B2 (ja) * | 1988-01-11 | 1998-05-06 | 株式会社明電舎 | 電解液循環形積層二次電池 |
| WO1990003666A1 (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-04-05 | Unisearch Limited | State of charge of redox cell |
-
1993
- 1993-09-29 US US08/128,126 patent/US5439757A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-30 ZA ZA937283A patent/ZA937283B/xx unknown
- 1993-10-04 PH PH47005A patent/PH31083A/en unknown
- 1993-10-08 MY MYPI93002065A patent/MY111072A/en unknown
- 1993-10-11 IL IL10723693A patent/IL107236A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 AU AU51535/93A patent/AU671863B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-13 RU RU95109922A patent/RU2110118C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 SG SG1996004383A patent/SG52426A1/en unknown
- 1993-10-13 BR BR9307234-1A patent/BR9307234A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 PL PL93308266A patent/PL173296B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 DZ DZ930113A patent/DZ1723A1/fr active
- 1993-10-13 UA UA95038276A patent/UA26101C2/uk unknown
- 1993-10-13 JP JP50975794A patent/JP3452357B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-13 SK SK481-95A patent/SK280749B6/sk unknown
- 1993-10-13 AT AT93922593T patent/ATE139372T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 DE DE69303179T patent/DE69303179T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-13 HU HU9500843A patent/HU217396B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 WO PCT/GB1993/002107 patent/WO1994009522A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-10-13 CA CA002145883A patent/CA2145883C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-13 CN CN93119108A patent/CN1043549C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-13 EP EP93922593A patent/EP0664929B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-13 NZ NZ256709A patent/NZ256709A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 EG EG65593A patent/EG20194A/xx active
- 1993-10-13 KR KR1019950701483A patent/KR100271530B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 ES ES93922593T patent/ES2089853T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-13 CZ CZ95954A patent/CZ283673B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-13 DK DK93922593.4T patent/DK0664929T3/da active
-
1995
- 1995-04-07 NO NO19951377A patent/NO320552B1/no unknown
- 1995-04-11 BG BG99562A patent/BG61627B1/bg unknown
- 1995-04-13 FI FI951815A patent/FI108684B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-08-02 GR GR960402078T patent/GR3020714T3/el unknown
-
1998
- 1998-01-09 HK HK98100168A patent/HK1001071A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| NO320552B1 (no) | Elektrokjemisk energilager og/eller effektleverende celler med pH-styring | |
| KR102637510B1 (ko) | 음의 전해질 용액 및 양의 전해질 용액을 동시에 개질시키기 위한 바이폴라 막을 갖는 플로우 배터리 평형화 셀 | |
| US5496659A (en) | Electrochemical apparatus for energy storage and/or power delivery comprising multi-compartment cells | |
| US5422197A (en) | Electrochemical energy storage and power delivery process utilizing iron-sulfur couple | |
| KR102537923B1 (ko) | 바이폴라 막을 가진 플로우 배터리 평형화 셀 및 이것의 사용 방법 | |
| KR102383212B1 (ko) | 유동 배터리 내의 충전 상태 및 산성을 동시에 개선시키기 위한 3-챔버 전기화학 밸런싱 셀 | |
| JPH08502386A (ja) | 空気電極を用いた電力配給用電気化学的装置 | |
| SK131896A3 (en) | A modified cation exchange membrane for electrochemical cells and method for the preparation of such membrane | |
| AU672049B2 (en) | Electrochemical energy storage and power delivery process utilizing iron-sulfur couple |