JP7004958B2 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7004958B2 JP7004958B2 JP2018509422A JP2018509422A JP7004958B2 JP 7004958 B2 JP7004958 B2 JP 7004958B2 JP 2018509422 A JP2018509422 A JP 2018509422A JP 2018509422 A JP2018509422 A JP 2018509422A JP 7004958 B2 JP7004958 B2 JP 7004958B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Description
以下、各構成要件につき詳述する。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体を得るために用いるヒドラジド誘導体は、下記式(1)~(3)で表される。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体を得るため、場合により用いられるテトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記式(4)で表される。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物の具体例を以下に挙げる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体を得るため、場合により用いられるジイソシアネートは、下記式(5)で表される。
本発明の重合体は上記式(1)~(3)から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物と、上記式(4)及び上記式(5)から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物とを反応させて得られる反応によって得られるが、一部のジヒドラジド誘導体を下記式(6)で表される化合物(ジアミン)に置き換えて併用しても良い。ジアミンは種類が豊富であり、また様々な機能団を有する有機基を持つ化合物が多く、上記の重合体では発現が難しい機能を得る場合、並行が好ましい場合がある。
式中、R4はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、メチル基又はエチル基を表す。
本発明に用いられる重合体は、下記P1及びP2から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造単位を有する。
本発明の重合体を得る為の反応に用いる有機溶媒としては、生成した重合体が溶解するものであれば特に限定されない。その具体例を以下に挙げる。
本発明に用いる重合体はポリアミック酸同様脱水閉環によりイミド化反応をさせることができる。本発明の重合体をイミド化させる方法としては、重合体の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化、重合体の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。
本発明の重合体の反応溶液から、生成したイミド化重合体を回収する場合には、反応溶液を貧溶媒に投入して沈殿させれば良い。沈殿に用いる貧溶媒としてはメタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、ブチルセルソルブ、ヘプタン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、エタノール、トルエン、ベンゼン、水などを挙げることができる。貧溶媒に投入して沈殿させたポリマーは濾過して回収した後、常圧あるいは減圧下で、常温あるいは加熱して乾燥することができる。また、沈殿回収した重合体を、有機溶媒に再溶解させ、再沈殿回収する操作を2から10回繰り返すと、重合体中の不純物を少なくすることができる。この際の貧溶媒として、例えば、アルコール類、ケトン類、炭化水素などが挙げられ、これらの内から選ばれる3種類以上の貧溶媒を用いると、より一層精製の効率が上がるので好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、液晶配向膜を形成するための塗布液であり、樹脂被膜を形成するための樹脂成分が有機溶媒に溶解した溶液である。ここで、前記の樹脂成分は、上記した本発明の重合体から選ばれる少なくとも一種の重合体を含む樹脂成分である。その際、樹脂成分の含有量は2質量%から20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは3質量%から15質量%、特に好ましくは3から10質量%である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、又は垂直配向用途などでは配向処理無しで液晶配向膜として用いることができる。この際、用いる基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、若しくはアクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板などを用いることができる。また、液晶駆動のためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いることがプロセスの簡素化の観点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミ等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
下記液晶配向剤の調製で用いた略号は以下のとおりである。
TDA:3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
TCA:2,3,5-トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸-1,4,2,3-二無水物
IDI:イソホロンジイソシアネート
O-TolDI:オルト-ジイソシアン酸トリレン
4IBI:(イソシアナトメチル)フェニル-イソシアネート
OXDHyd:オキサリルジヒドラジド
C4DHyd:アジポイルジヒドラジド
mPhDhyd:メタフェニレンジヒドラジド
4APhDHyd:4-アミノフェニルヒドラジド
DA-3MG:1,3-ジ(4-アミノフェノキシ)プロパン
PCH7AB:4-(4-(4-ヘプチルシクロヘキシル)フェノキシ)ベンゼン―1,3-ジアミン
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
装置:株式会社センシュー科学製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200)、
カラム:昭和電工株式会社製Shodexカラム(KD-803、KD-805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー株式会社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
実施例1
TDA、IDI(70)/C4DHyd(重合体1)の重合と配向剤(AL-1)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50mlの4口フラスコに、TDA1.00g(3.33mmol)、とIDI1.73g(7.77mmol))を測り取り、NMP15.9gを用いて溶解させ、C4DHydを1.84g(1.08mmol)加え、更にNMPを10.0g加え、60℃で16時間撹拌し、約15質量%の濃度で重合反応させた。反応が進むにつれ溶液がスラリー状態から透明になり粘性のある液体に変化した。反応終了後の粘度は約280mPasであり、重量平均分子量は約22300であった。
TCA、IDI(70)/mPhDHyd(重合体2)の重合と配向剤(AL-2)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50mlの4口フラスコに、TCA1.00g(4.46mmol)、とIDI 2.31g(10.41mmol))を測り取り、NMP24.4gを用いて溶解させ、mPhDhydを2.76g(14.21mmol)加え、更にNMPを10.0g加え、60℃で16時間撹拌し、約15質量%の濃度で重合反応させた。反応が進むにつれ溶液がスラリー状態から透明になり粘性のある液体に変化した。反応終了後の粘度は約390mPasであり、重量平均分子量は約31500であった。
TDA,IDI(50)/OXDHyd(重合体3)の重合と配向剤(AL-3)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50mlの4口フラスコに、TDA1.00g(3.33mmol)とIDI 0.74g(3.33mmol))を測り取り、NMP 10.2gを用いて溶解させ、OXDHydを0.76g(6.39mmol)加え、更にNMPを4.0g加え、60℃で16時間撹拌し、約15質量%の濃度で重合反応させた。反応が進むにつれ溶液がスラリー状態から透明になり粘性のある液体に変化した。反応終了後の粘度は約314mPasであり、重量平均分子量は約26300であった。
TDA、IDI(50)/DA-3MG、OxDHyd(70)(重合体4)の重合と配向剤(AL-4)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50Mlの4口フラスコに、IDI0.74g(3.33mmol)を測りとり、NMP7.1gを用いて希釈し、DA-3MGを0.52g(2.00mmol)加え、室温で3時間反応させ、TDA1.00g(3.33mmol)を加え、NMPを8.6g加えて溶解させ、OxDHydを0.52g(4.47mmol)加え、60℃で1時間、室温で24時間反応させた。反応終了後の粘度は約512mPasであり、重量平均分子量は34300であった。
BODA、O-TolDI(50)/C4Dhyd、PCH7AB(30)(重合体5)の重合と配向剤(AL-5)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50Mlの4口フラスコにO-TolDI0.70g(4.00mmol)を測り取り、NMPを6.77g加え希釈し、PCH7ABを0.91g(2.40mmol)加え、室温で1時間反応させた後、BODAを1.00g(4.00mmol)加え、更にNMPをg加え溶解させ、C4DHyd0.94g(5.38mmol)を加え、60℃24時間反応させた。反応が進むにつれ溶液がスラリー状態から透明になり粘性のある液体に変化した。反応終了後の粘度は約210mPasであり、重量平均分子量は約19900であった。
TDA、IDI(70)/C4DHyd(重合体1)の化学イミド化(重合体6)の合成と配向剤(AL-6)の調整
マグネティックスターラーを備え付けた100mlの三角フラスコに、実施例1で得られる重合体を20.0g測りとり、NMPを30.0g測り取り、無水酢酸を1.02g(9.99mmol)、ピリジンを0.40g(5.00mmol)加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。反応終了後10℃以下に冷却したメタノール100ml中に注ぎ個体を析出させ、ろ過により祖物を回収し、更に50mlのメタノールを用いて2回分散洗浄を行い、真空下60℃で乾燥させることにより白色の個体として重合体6を得た。
TDA/C4DHyd(重合体7)の合成と配向剤(AL-7)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50mlの4口フラスコにTDA1.00g(3.33mmol)測り取り、NMP8.84gで溶解させ、C4DHydを0.56g(3.20mmol)加え、室温で24時間反応させた。反応終了後の粘度は約290mPasであり、重量平均分子量は約25100であった。
IsoDI/C4DHyd(重合体8)の合成と配向剤(AL-8)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50mlの4口フラスコにIsoDI1.00g(4.50mmol)測り取り、NMP9.80gで溶解させ、C4DHydを0.73g(4.18mmol)加え、室温で24時間反応させた。反応終了後の粘度は約230mPasであり、重量平均分子量は約24400であった。
CBDA/DA-3MG ポリアミド酸(PAA-1)の合成と配向剤(AL-9)の調整
メカニカルスターラーを備えた50mlの4口フラスコにDA-3MGを1.00g(3.87mmol)と測り取り、NMP9.75gを加え溶解させ、10℃まで冷却し、CBDA 0.72g(3.68mmol)を加え室温に戻し6時間反応させた。反応終了後の粘度は330mPasであり、重量平均分子量は32000であった。
日産化学株式会社社製のSE-7492を比較対象の液晶配向剤として用いた。
液晶配向剤を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、洗浄したCr板上に配向膜印刷機(日本写真印刷株式会社製「オングストローマー」)を用いてフレキソ印刷を行なうことにより塗布性試験を行なった。
アニロックスロールに約1.0mLの液晶配向剤を滴下し、空運転を10回実施した後、10分間印刷機を止め、印刷版を乾燥させた。その後、Cr基板1枚に印刷を行い、印刷後の基板は70℃のホットプレート上に5分間放置して、塗膜の仮乾燥を行い、膜状態の観察を行った。観察は目視と光学顕微鏡(株式会社ニコン製「ECLIPSE ME600」)にて50倍で観察し、主に膜厚ムラやエッジ部の膜厚ムラの観察を行った。
液晶配向性および電圧保持率は以下のようにして評価した。
液晶配向剤を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、電極付き基板(横30mm×縦40mmの大きさで、厚さが1.1mmのガラス基板。電極は幅10mm×長さ40mmの矩形で、厚さ35nmのITO電極)に、スピンコート塗布にて塗布した。50℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、180℃のIR式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させて液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この液晶配向膜をレーヨン布(吉川化工株式会社製YA-20R)でラビング(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:20mm/sec、押し込み長:0.4mm)した後、純水中にて1分間超音波照射をして洗浄を行い、エアブローにて水滴を除去した後、80℃で15分間乾燥して液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
液晶配向剤を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、電極付き基板(横30mm×縦40mmの大きさで、厚さが1.1mmのガラス基板。電極は幅10mm×長さ40mmの矩形で、厚さ35nmのITO電極)に、スピンコート塗布にて塗布した。50℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、180℃のIR式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させて液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この液晶配向膜をレーヨン布(吉川化工製YA-20R)でラビング(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:20mm/sec、押し込み長:0.4mm)した後、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡を用いてラビング耐性の評価を下記の基準に従って行った。
<評価基準>
○: 剥離がなく良好な場合
△: 削れカスや傷が多く見られた
×: 剥離している場合
比較例1および2はポリアミック酸やポリイミドから成る液晶配向剤である。ポリアミック酸である比較例1の材料においては、ポリアミック酸は溶解性が非常に高いため良好な印刷性が得られたが、これらを液晶配向膜として使用する場合、高温で加熱することによってイミド化反応をさせる必要があるため、イミド化反応が起こらない180℃での焼成では十分な特性を得ることが出来ないことが考えられた。比較例2(SE-7492)も同様と考えられた。
一方、本発明の重合体は溶媒に対する溶解性が高く、良好な印刷性を得ることができた。また非常に水素結合性の強い骨格を有しているため、溶媒を除去するだけで高い機械強度を得ることができ、それに基づき良好な配向膜特性を得ることができた。
Claims (8)
- 上記式(4)の化合物を0~90mol%の範囲で併用する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を用いた、液晶配向膜。
- 請求項7に記載の液晶配向膜を具備した、液晶表示素子。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2016072569 | 2016-03-31 | ||
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JP2008070893A (ja) | 1998-08-26 | 2008-03-27 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | 液晶配向処理剤及びそれを用いた液晶素子並びに液晶の配向方法 |
JP2012098715A (ja) | 2010-10-06 | 2012-05-24 | Hitachi Displays Ltd | 配向膜、配向膜形成用組成物、および液晶表示装置 |
JP2014205819A (ja) | 2013-03-21 | 2014-10-30 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶表示素子、およびテトラカルボン酸二無水物 |
JP2014529000A (ja) | 2011-10-03 | 2014-10-30 | ロリク アーゲーRolic Ag | 光アライニング材料 |
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JPH07104301A (ja) * | 1993-10-05 | 1995-04-21 | Hitachi Ltd | 液晶表示素子およびその製造方法 |
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WO2006126555A1 (ja) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | 液晶配向処理剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
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JP2012098715A (ja) | 2010-10-06 | 2012-05-24 | Hitachi Displays Ltd | 配向膜、配向膜形成用組成物、および液晶表示装置 |
JP2014529000A (ja) | 2011-10-03 | 2014-10-30 | ロリク アーゲーRolic Ag | 光アライニング材料 |
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