JP6358808B2 - スポーツ衣料用の緩衝要素を製造するための方法 - Google Patents
スポーツ衣料用の緩衝要素を製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/12—Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
- B29D35/14—Multilayered parts
- B29D35/142—Soles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/187—Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
- A43D29/00—Machines for making soles from strips of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/34—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/20—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for porous or cellular articles, e.g. of foam plastics, coarse-pored
- B29C67/205—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for porous or cellular articles, e.g. of foam plastics, coarse-pored comprising surface fusion, and bonding of particles to form voids, e.g. sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/0054—Producing footwear by compression moulding, vulcanising or the like; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/0054—Producing footwear by compression moulding, vulcanising or the like; Apparatus therefor
- B29D35/0063—Moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/12—Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
- B29D35/128—Moulds or apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/12—Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
- B29D35/14—Multilayered parts
- B29D35/148—Moulds or apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
- C08J9/236—Forming foamed products using binding agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/34—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
- B29C2043/345—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means using gas, e.g. air, to transport non liquid material
- B29C2043/3455—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means using gas, e.g. air, to transport non liquid material for particles, powder, fibres, e.g. fluidized or sprayed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3415—Heating or cooling
- B29C44/3426—Heating by introducing steam in the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2675/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2905/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as mould material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/48—Wearing apparel
- B29L2031/50—Footwear, e.g. shoes or parts thereof
- B29L2031/504—Soles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Description
1.発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子からスポーツ衣料用の緩衝要素を製造するための方法であって、
a.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で型を充填するステップ
を含み、
b.粒子は、輸送液体流および/または蒸気流中において型内に充填される、方法。
2.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子は、圧力および/または熱および/または蒸気により型内において処理される、例1に記載の方法。
3.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子は、加圧下において型内に充填される、例1または例2に記載の方法。
4.圧力および/または熱および/または蒸気による処理の前に、輸送液体は、型から少なくとも部分的に除去される、例2または例3に記載の方法。
5.型内に留まる輸送液体が、圧力処理および/または熱処理および/または蒸気処理の影響下で固化する、例2から例4のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
6.圧力処理および/または熱処理および/または蒸気処理の終了後に、液体および/または固化した液体は、緩衝要素からの圧力により、少なくとも部分的に溶解するおよび/または溶融するおよび/または除去される、例2から例5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
7.発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子からスポーツ衣料用の緩衝要素を製造するための方法であって、
a.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で型を充填するステップと、
b.型の壁部の少なくとも一部分を、型の壁部のこの部分に隣接して位置する発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子を少なくとも部分的にまたは全て溶融する温度にまで加熱するステップと
を含む、方法。
8.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子は、圧力および/または熱および/または蒸気により型内において処理される、例7に記載の方法。
9.ステップbにおいて加熱される型の壁部の少なくとも前記部分は、構造化表面を有する、例7または例8に記載の方法。
10.少なくとも部分的に溶融される粒子は、冷却後に、緩衝要素を選択的に硬化させるように構成される、例7から例9のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
11.発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子からスポーツ衣料用の緩衝要素を製造するための方法であって、
a.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で型を充填するステップと、
b.液体マトリクス材料で発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子を被覆することにより、マトリクス材料内における粒子の実質的に均一な分布を実現するステップと
を含む、方法。
12.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子および/またはマトリクス材料は、圧力および/または熱および/または蒸気によりさらに処理される、例11に記載の方法。
13.発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子からスポーツ衣料用の緩衝要素を製造するための方法であって、
a.型内に機能要素を配置するステップと、
b.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で型を充填するステップと
を含み、
c1.充填は、型内の少なくとも2つの開口を介して行われる、および/または
c2.充填は、型の異なる複数の可動部分の間で行われる、方法。
14.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子は、型内において圧力および/または熱および/または蒸気により処理される、例13に記載の方法。
15.少なくとも2つの開口は、発泡された材料からなり、充填される複数の粒子が、少なくとも2つの異なる側から機能要素を囲むような態様で配置される、例13または例14に記載の方法。
16.機能要素は、例11または例12の方法により製造された緩衝要素を備える、例13から例15のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
17.機能要素は、フォイル、特に熱可塑性ウレタンを含むフォイルを備える、例13から例16のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
18.フォイルは、第2の発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子を収用する容器として提供される、前述の例17に記載の方法。
19.機能要素は、発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子を含まない、例13から例15または例17から例18のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
20.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子および/または第2の発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子は、原料および/またはサイズおよび/または密度および/または色において異なる少なくとも2つの異なる種類の粒子の混合物を含む、先述の例1から例19のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
21.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子および/または第2の発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子は、以下の材料、すなわち、発泡エチレン酢酸ビニル、発泡熱可塑性ウレタン、発泡ポリプロピレン、発泡ポリアミド、発泡ポリエーテルブロックアミド、発泡ポリオキシメチレン、発泡ポリスチレン、発泡ポリエチレン、発泡ポリオキシエチレン、発泡エチレンプロピレンジエンモノマーの中の1つまたは複数を含む、先述の例1から例20のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
22.緩衝要素は、シューズ用のソールの一部分として提供される、先述の例1から例21のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
23.方法の個別のステップが、自動製作設備の2つ以上のステーションにおいて行われる、先述の例1から例22のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
24.自動製作設備は、以下のステーション、すなわち、型内に機能要素を配置するためのステーション、発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で型を充填するための充填ステーション、蒸気ステーション、熱処理ステーション、冷却ステーション、安定化ステーション、および取外しステーションの中の少なくとも2つを備える、例23に記載の方法。
25.発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で充填されることとなる型は、自動的におよび/またはコンピュータの制御下において、自動製作設備のあるステーションから次のステーションへと移動される、例23または例24に記載の方法。
26.製作設備は、コンピュータの制御下において複数の型から発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で充填されるべき型を選択する、例23から例25のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
110 発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子
120 型
122 第1の部分
125 第2の部分
130 輸送液体流および/または蒸気流
140 収集槽
150 入口パイプ
200 方法
210 発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子
220 型
222 第1の部分
225 第2の部分
230 部分
300 緩衝要素
310 ハニカム
320 細チャネル
400 緩衝要素
410 不規則な突出部
420 不規則なくぼみ部
500 ミッドソール
510 ランダムに配置された複数の粒子
520 固化したマトリクス材料
600 方法
602 充填
605 圧縮
610 発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子
620 ネガ型、型
625 開口
630 スタンプ、型
635 開口
640 機能要素
700 方法
702 型の充填
705 移動
710 発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子
720 部分
725 開口
730 部分
740 機能要素
800 自動製作設備
805 型内に機能要素を配置するためのステーション
810 発泡された材料からなる、複数の粒子で型を充填するための充填ステーション
820 蒸気ステーション
825 蒸気ステーション
830 熱処理ステーション
840 冷却ステーション
850 安定化ステーション
860 取外しステーション
870 一連のさらなる処理ステップ
900 自動製作設備
910 ステーション
920 ステーション
930 ステーション
1000 方法
1010 発泡された材料
1020 可動スタンプ
1030 ネガ型
1040 機能要素
1100 方法
1110 充填
1120 可動スタンプ
1125 可動スタンプ
1130 静止部分
1135 静止部分
1140 機能要素
1200 方法600の実施形態の一変形例
1240 フォイル
1245 第2の発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子
Claims (15)
- 発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)からスポーツ衣料用(例えば、スポーツシューズ用)の緩衝要素を製造するための方法であって、
a.型(120、122、125、220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)内に機能要素(640、740、1040、1140、1240)を前記型に接触しないように配置するステップと、
b.前記発泡された材料からなる、前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)で前記型(120、122、125、220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)を充填するステップと
を含み、
c1.前記充填するステップは、前記型(620、630、1020、1120)内の少なくとも2つの開口(625、635)を介して行われる、および/または
c2.前記充填するステップは、前記型の異なる複数の可動部分(122、125、222、225、720、730、1020、1120、1125)の間で行われ、
前記機能要素は、前記緩衝要素の寸法安定性に対して影響を及ぼすように機能する、方法。 - 前記発泡された材料からなる、前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)は、圧力および/または熱および/または蒸気により前記型(120、122、125,220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)内において処理される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも2つの開口(625、635、725)は、前記発泡された材料からなる、前記充填される前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)が、少なくとも2つの異なる側から前記機能要素(640、740、1040、1140、1240)を囲むような態様で配置される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記機能要素(640、740、1040、1140、1240)は、フォイル(1240)、特に熱可塑性ウレタンを含むフォイル(1240)を備える、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フォイル(1240)は、第2の発泡された材料からなる、ランダムに配置された複数の粒子(1245)を収容する容器(1240)として提供される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記機能要素(640、740、1040、1140、1240)は、前記発泡された材料からなる、前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)を含まない、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)は、輸送液体の流れ(130)および/または蒸気の流れ(130)内において前記型(120、122、125、220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)内へと充填される、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 圧力および/または熱および/または蒸気による処理の前に、前記輸送液体は、前記型(120、122、125、220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)から少なくとも部分的に除去される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記型(120、122、125、220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)内に残留する前記輸送液体は、前記圧力処理および/または前記熱処理および/または前記蒸気処理の影響下において固化する、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- 前記圧力処理および/または前記熱処理および/または前記蒸気処理の終了後に、前記液体および/または前記固化した液体は、前記緩衝要素(300、400、500)からの圧力により少なくとも部分的に溶解する、および/または溶融する、および/または除去される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記型(120、122、125、220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)の壁部の少なくとも一部分(230)を、前記型(120、122、125、220、222、225、620、630、720、730、1020、1030、1120、1125、1130、1135)の前記壁部の前記部分(230)に隣接して位置する前記発泡された材料からなる、前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)を少なくとも部分的にまたは完全に溶融する温度にまで加熱するステップをさらに含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 液体マトリクス材料で前記発泡された材料からなる、前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)を被覆することにより、前記液体マトリクス材料内における前記粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)の実質的に均一な分布を実現するステップをさらに含む、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記発泡された材料からなる、前記複数の粒子(110、210、510、610、710、1010、1110)および/または前記第2の発泡された材料からなる、前記複数の粒子(1245)は、原料および/またはサイズおよび/または密度および/または色において異なる、少なくとも2つの異なる種類の粒子の混合物を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記緩衝要素(300、400、500)は、シューズ用のソールの一部として提供される、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法の前記各ステップは、自動製作設備(800、900)の2つ以上のステーション(805、810、820、825、830、840、850、860、910、920)において行われる、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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