JP6032342B2 - 基板、半導体装置およびこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
基板、半導体装置およびこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6032342B2 JP6032342B2 JP2015221441A JP2015221441A JP6032342B2 JP 6032342 B2 JP6032342 B2 JP 6032342B2 JP 2015221441 A JP2015221441 A JP 2015221441A JP 2015221441 A JP2015221441 A JP 2015221441A JP 6032342 B2 JP6032342 B2 JP 6032342B2
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Description
図1および図2に示した基板1は、炭化珪素の単結晶からなる基板1であって、当該基板1の表面11における表面粗さRaの平均値が0.5nm以下、当該表面粗さRaの標準偏差σが0.2nm以下となっている。また、当該基板1の裏面12における表面粗さRaの平均値が0.3nm以上10nm以下となっており、当該表面粗さRaの標準偏差σが3nm以下となっている。また、基板1の表面の直径Dは110mm以上である。このように、表面11に加えて裏面12についても表面粗さが管理された基板1においては、表面11に炭化珪素のエピタキシャル膜を成長させる際に裏面12と当該基板1が搭載された成膜装置のサセプタとの間の接触状態を裏面12全体で均一化することができる。このため、局所的な接触状態のばらつきが発生することに起因する基板1での温度分布の発生を抑制できる。このため、形成されるエピタキシャル膜の結晶性や不純物濃度といった膜質の均一性を向上させることができる。この結果、当該エピタキシャル膜を利用して形成された半導体装置の特性がばらつくことを抑制でき、結果的に形成される半導体装置の歩留りを向上させることができる。
100≦D/T≦1000
0≦Wb/T≦0.2
という関係式を満足することが好ましい。この場合、比較的大型であって反りの少ない基板1に本発明を適用することになり、エピタキシャル層の形成工程や半導体素子の製造工程における不良の発生確率を低減できるという本発明の効果が顕著になる。
本発明の参考例による基板の一例として、複合基板および当該複合基板を用いた半導体素子を以下のように作製し、作製した半導体素子の歩留りを調査した。
昇華法により、SiCの単結晶を成長してインゴットを形成した。グラファイトからなる容器内に単結晶炭化珪素からなる種基板と、炭化珪素からなる原料粉末とを挿入した。種基板には主面が(0001)面であり直径50mmのSiC単結晶基板を用いた。次に、原料粉末が加熱されることにより炭化珪素が昇華し、種基板上に再結晶化する。このとき、不純物として窒素を導入しつつ再結晶化を進行させた。そして、種基板上に所望の大きさの結晶が成長した時点で加熱を停止し、容器内から単結晶炭化珪素の結晶を取り出した。インゴットの窒素濃度は1×E19/cm3であった。そして、外周研削機により、インゴットにおける結晶の成長面、下地基板面、外周を研削加工し、SiCからなり成形されたインゴットを得た。
上述した試料No.1〜17のそれぞれの基板を用いて、半導体素子(デバイス)を作成した。半導体素子の構造は、縦型MOSFETの一種であるUMOS構造とした。当該半導体素子の断面構造は、図5に示した半導体素子と同様である。
そして、形成された半導体素子について、各試料ごとに歩留りを調査した。その結果を表1に示す。
単結晶タイル基板の面方位を参考例1とは異ならせて、複合基板および当該複合基板を用いた半導体素子を作製し、作製した半導体素子の歩留りを調査した。
単結晶タイル基板の面方位を{0001}とした以外は、参考例1と同様の条件で複合基板を作成した。単結晶タイル基板の面方位は、インゴットをスライスする時の切断方向で制御した。スライス後の基板の厚みは250μmとした。そして、平面加工の加工条件を調整することにより、本発明の参考例となる試料および本発明の範囲外となる比較例の試料を準備した。
参考例および比較例の試料である基板を用いて、基本的に参考例1と同様にUMOS構造の半導体素子を形成した。
基板の主表面における面方位が{0001}である複合基板においても、本発明の参考例の試料については、表面粗さ、裏面粗さを制御したことに起因して、参考例1の場合と同様に良好な歩留りおよびデバイス特性を得ることができた。一方、比較例の試料については、参考例の試料と比べて歩留りは低かった。
本発明の参考例による基板の一例として、単一の単結晶SiCからなる基板および当該基板を用いた半導体素子を以下のように作製し、作製した半導体素子の歩留りを調査した。
昇華法により、SiCの単結晶を成長してインゴットを形成した。種基板には主面が(0001)面であり直径100mmのSiC単結晶基板を用いた。窒素濃度は6×E18/cm3であった。そして、外周研削機により、インゴットにおける結晶の成長面、下地基板面、外周を研削加工し、SiCからなり成形されたインゴットを得た。
上述した参考例および比較例の試料である基板を用いて、基本的に参考例1と同様にUMOS構造の半導体素子を形成した。
そして、形成された半導体素子について、各試料ごとに歩留りを調査した。その結果を表2に示す。
本発明の参考例による基板の一例として、上述した参考例3と同様に、単一の単結晶SiCからなる基板および当該基板を用いた半導体素子を以下のように作製し、作製した半導体素子の歩留りを調査した。
昇華法により、SiCの単結晶を成長してインゴットを形成した。種基板には主面が(0001)面であり直径100mmのSiC単結晶基板を用いた。窒素濃度は6×E18/cm3であった。そして、外周研削機により、インゴットにおける結晶の成長面、下地基板面、外周を研削加工し、SiCからなり成形されたインゴットを得た。
上述した参考例および比較例の試料である基板を用いて、図7に示したDMOS構造の半導体素子を形成した。
そして、形成された半導体素子について、各試料ごとに歩留りを調査した。その結果を表3に示す。
Claims (12)
- 表面および裏面を有し、前記表面が単結晶炭化珪素からなる基板であって、
前記表面における表面粗さRaの平均値が0.5nm以下であって、前記表面粗さRaの標準偏差が0.2nm以下であり、
前記裏面における表面粗さRaの平均値が0.3nm未満であり、前記裏面の反りが60μm以下であり、
前記表面の直径が110mm以上であり、
前記裏面の反りとは、前記裏面について二次元の位置データで表される複数の測定点にそれぞれ対応する複数の変位値から最小自乗平面を算出し、前記最小自乗平面に対して一方側に最も大きな変位値と前記最小自乗平面との距離、および他方側に最も大きな変位値と前記最小自乗平面との距離の和として算出される値である、基板。 - 前記単結晶炭化珪素における窒素濃度が2×1019/cm3以下である、請求項1に記載の基板。
- 前記単結晶炭化珪素における窒素濃度が4×1018/cm3以上2×1019/cm3以下である、請求項2に記載の基板。
- 前記表面の直径をDとし、前記基板の厚みをTとし、前記裏面の反りをWbとした場合に、
100≦D/T≦1000
0≦Wb/T≦0.2
という関係式を満足する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の基板。 - 前記表面の直径が125mm以上300mm以下である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の基板。
- 前記表面の炭化珪素の結晶構造が4H型であり、
前記表面が、{0001}面に対するオフ角が0.1°以上10°以下となっている結晶面を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の基板。 - 前記表面の炭化珪素の結晶構造が4H型であり、
前記表面が、{03−38}面に対するオフ角が4°以下となっている結晶面を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の基板。 - 前記表面の炭化珪素の結晶構造が4H型であり、
前記表面が、{000−1}面に対するオフ角が0.01°以上6°以下となっている結晶面を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の基板。 - 前記基板は、単一の単結晶炭化珪素により構成される、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の基板。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の基板と、
前記基板の前記表面上に形成された、炭化珪素からなるエピタキシャル層と、
前記エピタキシャル層上に形成された電極とを備える、半導体装置。 - 炭化珪素からなるインゴットを準備する工程と、
前記インゴットをスライスして、表面および裏面を有するとともに前記表面の直径が110mm以上である基板を得る工程と、
前記基板の前記表面および前記裏面を研磨する工程とを備え、
前記研磨する工程では、研磨する工程における抵抗係数を制御することによって、前記表面における表面粗さRaの平均値が0.5nm以下であって、前記表面粗さRaの標準偏差が0.2nm以下となり、前記裏面における表面粗さRaの平均値が0.3nm未満となり、前記裏面の反りが60μm以下となるように、前記表面および前記裏面を研磨し、
前記裏面の反りとは、前記裏面について二次元の位置データで表される複数の測定点にそれぞれ対応する複数の変位値から最小自乗平面を算出し、前記最小自乗平面に対して一方側に最も大きな変位値と前記最小自乗平面との距離、および他方側に最も大きな変位値と前記最小自乗平面との距離の和として算出される値である、基板の製造方法。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の基板を準備する工程と、
前記基板の前記表面上に、炭化珪素からなるエピタキシャル層を形成する工程と、
前記エピタキシャル層上に電極を形成する工程とを備える、半導体装置の製造方法。
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US8872189B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
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US9117758B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
JP6222330B2 (ja) | 2017-11-01 |
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