JP5182092B2 - 光学フィルムとその製造方法、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
光学フィルムとその製造方法、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- PGNWIWKMXVDXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CC=C2SC([S-])=NC2=C1.C1=CC=C2SC([S-])=NC2=C1 PGNWIWKMXVDXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconocene dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zr+4].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
- B29C41/28—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length by depositing flowable material on an endless belt
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0215—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having a regular structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
- G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0268—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the fabrication or manufacturing method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0072—Roughness, e.g. anti-slip
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/035—Ester polymer, e.g. polycarbonate, polyacrylate or polyester
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/50—Protective arrangements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Description
個形成することを特徴とする光学フィルムの製造方法。
表示装置。
2 機能性層
3 微粒子分散液(インク)液滴
4 微粒子
10 インクジェットヘッド
11 支持体
12 流延ダイス
21 溶融ダイス
22 製膜ロール
501 フィルムロール
503 第1コータ
504A、B バックロール
505A、B 乾燥ゾーン
506 紫外線照射部
508 インク供給タンク
509 インクジェット出射部
本発明に係る微粒子分散液は、インクジェット方式により微細な凸構造を形成する組成物を含有することを要するが、該組成物の成分としては、微粒子を必須とし、その他に、熱可塑性樹脂、活性光線硬化型樹脂、または熱硬化性樹脂を含有することが好ましい。
本発明に係る微粒子分散液は、平均粒経が25〜200nmの微粒子を含有することを特徴とする。当該平均粒径は、50〜150nmであることが好ましい。更には、80〜120nmであることがより好ましい。
本発明に係る微粒子分散液は、微粒子の他の成分として、熱可塑性樹脂、活性光線硬化型樹脂、または熱硬化性樹脂を含有しても良い。
、該セルロースエステルと同じか、それよりも低い置換度のセルロースエステルが好ましく用いられる。特に凸部形成面をアルカリケン化処理して偏光子を貼合する場合は該セルロースエステルが好ましく用いられる。セルロースエステルは後述する有機溶媒に溶解させ、微粒子分散液組成物として用いることが出来る。
紫外線硬化樹脂を含有する微粒子分散液に用いられる有機溶媒としては、例えば、炭化水素類、アルコール類、ケトン類、エステル類、グリコールエーテル類、その他の有機溶媒の中から適宜選択し、或いはこれらを混合し利用出来る。例えば、プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル(アルキル基の炭素原子数として1〜4)またはプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル酢酸エステル(アルキル基の炭素原子数として1〜4)等を5質量%以上、より好ましくは5質量%〜80質量%以上含有する上記有機溶媒を用いるのが好ましい。
(微細凸構造の形成)
本発明に係る微細凸構造は、透明基材フィルムの溶液流延製膜方法による光学フィルムの製造方法において、ウェブ中の残留溶媒が5〜400質量%である時に、少なくとも平均粒経が25〜200nmの微粒子を含有する微粒子分散液をインクジェットヘッドを用いて液滴として、吐出し、ウェブの一方の面上に、着弾、付着させて、形成することを特徴とする。
雰囲気の溶媒濃度の測定は、通常溶液流延の際にはエンクロージャー内で、塗布のヘッドから、透明基材(ウェブ)搬送方向に、30cm離れたところで雰囲気の空気を1000cm3集気を行い、ガスクロマトグラフ法で測定することが出来る。
本発明においては光学フィルムの透明基材フィルムとして熱可塑性樹脂フィルムを用いることが好ましい。
本発明に用いられるセルロースエステルの重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)の比Mw/Mnの値は、1.4〜3.0であることが好ましい。尚、本発明においては、セルロースエステルフィルムが、材料として、Mw/Mnの値が1.4〜3.0であるセルロースエステルを含有すればよいが、フィルムに含まれるセルロースエステル(好ましくはセルローストリアセテートまたはセルロースアセテートプロピオネート)全体のMw/Mnの値は1.4〜3.0の範囲であることがより好ましい。セルロースエステルの合成過程で1.4未満とすることは困難であり、ゲル濾過などによって分画することで分子量の揃ったセルロースエステルを得ることは出来る。しかしながらこの方法はコストが著しくかかる。また、3.0以下であると平面性が維持されやすく好ましい。尚、より好ましくは1.7〜2.2である。
溶媒: メチレンクロライド
カラム: Shodex K806,K805,K803G(昭和電工(株)製を3本接続して使用した)
カラム温度:25℃
試料濃度: 0.1質量%
検出器: RI Model 504(GLサイエンス社製)
ポンプ: L6000(日立製作所(株)製)
流量: 1.0ml/min
校正曲線: 標準ポリスチレンSTK standard ポリスチレン(東ソー(株)製)Mw=1000000〜500迄の13サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。13サンプルは、ほぼ等間隔に得ることが好ましい。
式(II) 0≦X≦2.5
中でも1.9≦X≦2.5、0.1≦Y≦1.0のセルロースアセテートプロピオネート(総アシル基置換度=X+Y)が好ましい。アシル基で置換されていない部分は通常水酸基として存在している。これらは公知の方法で合成することが出来る。
可塑剤は特に限定されないが、多価アルコールエステル系可塑剤、リン酸エステル系可塑剤、フタル酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、脂肪酸エステル、グリコレート系可塑剤、多価カルボン酸エステル等から選択される可塑剤を少なくとも1種含むことが好ましい。そのうち、少なくとも1種は多価アルコールエステル系可塑剤であることが好ましい。
但し、R1はn価の有機基、nは2以上の正の整数、OH基はアルコール性、及び/またはフェノール性水酸基を表す。
が挙げられる。
本発明に係るセルロースエステルフィルムは紫外線吸収剤を含有してもよい。紫外線吸収剤は400nm以下の紫外線を吸収することで、耐久性を向上させることを目的としており、特に波長370nmでの透過率が10%以下となるように添加されていることが好ましく、より好ましくは5%以下、更に好ましくは2%以下である。
本発明で用いられるセルロースエステルフィルムには、色味調整のため染料を添加することも出来る。例えば、フィルムの黄色味を抑えるために青色染料を添加してもよい。好ましい染料としてはアンスラキノン系染料が挙げられる。
次に、本発明に用いられるセルロースエステルフィルムの製造方法について説明する。
尚、Mはウェブまたはフィルムを製造中または製造後の任意の時点で採取した試料の質量で、NはMを115℃で1時間の加熱後の質量である。本発明で言う残留溶媒とは前記処理によって蒸発する溶媒のことを言い、以下に限定されないが、具体的な例としてはメチレンクロライド、メタノール、エタノール、ブタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)、などの一般に言われている有機溶媒のことを指しているが、フィルムに性能を持たせるために添加した物質が蒸発などした場合には、これに含めることとする。
本発明に用いられるセルロースエステルフィルムの透湿度は、40℃、90%RHで850g/m2・24h以下であり、好ましくは20〜800g/m2・24hであり、20〜750g/m2・24hであることが特に好ましい。透湿度はJIS Z0208に記載の方法に従い測定することが出来る。
任意の残留溶媒を含むフィルムを試料幅を10mm、長さ130mmに切り出し、23℃、55%RHで24時間保管した試料を、チャック間距離100mmにして引っ張り速度100mm/分で引っ張り試験を行い求めることが出来る。
透過率Tは、分光高度計U−3400(日立製作所(株))を用い、各試料を350〜700nmの波長領域で10nmおきに求めた分光透過率τ(λ)から、380、400、500nmの透過率を算出することが出来る。
JIS K7105に従って、ヘイズメーター(1001DP型、日本電色工業(株)製)を用いて測定し、透明性の指標とすることが出来る。
Rt=((nx+ny)/2−nz)×d
ここにおいて、dはフィルムの厚み(nm)、屈折率nx(フィルムの面内の最大の屈折率、遅相軸方向の屈折率ともいう)、ny(フィルム面内で遅相軸に直角な方向の屈折率)、nz(厚み方向におけるフィルムの屈折率)である。
本発明に用いられるシクロオレフィンポリマーは脂環式構造を含有する重合体樹脂からなるものである。
ポリカーボネート系ポリマーを作製するのに用いられるポリカーボネート系樹脂としては種々があり、化学的性質及び物性の点から芳香族ポリカーボネートが好ましく、特にビスフェノールA系ポリカーボネートが好ましい。その中でも更に好ましくはビスフェノールAにベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環、叉は脂肪族炭化水素基などを導入したビスフェノールA誘導体を用いたものが挙げられるが、特に中央炭素に対して非対称にこれらの基が導入された誘導体を用いて得られた、単位分子内の異方性を減少させた構造のポリカーボネートが好ましい。例えばビスフェノールAの中央炭素の2個のメチル基をベンゼン環に置き換えたもの、ビスフェノールAのそれぞれのベンゼン環の一の水素をメチル基やフェニル基などで中央炭素に対し非対称に置換したものを用いて得られるポリカーボネートが好ましい。
本発明では、ポリ乳酸系ポリマーを用いた透明基材フィルムを用いることも出来る。ポリ乳酸系ポリマーとしては、ポリ乳酸、または乳酸と他のヒドロキシカルボン酸との共重合体があげられる。ポリ乳酸系重合体は1種を単独で、または2種以上の混合物として用いられる。
本発明は前記熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの微細凸構造を設けた面若しくは反対の面上にハードコート層を塗設することが好ましい。ハードコート層は、活性線硬化樹脂及び微粒子を含有するハードコート層であることが好ましい。
52、RC−5171、RC−5180、RC−5181(大日本インキ化学工業(株)製);オーレックスNo.340クリヤ(中国塗料(株)製);サンラッドH−601、RC−750、RC−700、RC−600、RC−500、RC−611、RC−612(三洋化成工業(株)製);SP−1509、SP−1507(昭和高分子(株)製);RCC−15C(グレース・ジャパン(株)製)、アロニックスM−6100、M−8030、M−8060(東亞合成(株)製)、DPHA(日本化薬(株)製)等を適宜選択して利用出来る。
本発明に係る光学フィルムはハードコート層上に、更に反射防止層を設けることができる。
バックコート層/透明基材フィルム/クリアハードコート層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
バックコート層/透明基材フィルム/クリアハードコート層/中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
バックコート層/透明基材フィルム/防眩層/低屈折率層
バックコート層/透明基材フィルム/防眩層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
バックコート層/透明基材フィルム/防眩層/中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
また、中屈折率層若しくは高屈折率層が帯電防止層を兼ねてもよい。
本発明に係る偏光板は一般的な方法で作製することが出来る。本発明の光学フィルムの裏面側をアルカリ鹸化処理し、処理した光学フィルムを、ヨウ素溶液中に浸漬延伸して作製した偏光子の少なくとも一方の面に、完全鹸化型ポリビニルアルコール水溶液を用いて貼り合わせることが好ましい。もう一方の面にも該光学フィルムを用いても、別の偏光板保護フィルムを用いてもよい。反対面側に用いられる偏光板保護フィルムとしては、市販のセルロースエステルフィルムとして、KC8UX2M、KC4UX、KC5UX、KC4UY、KC8UY、KC12UR、KC8UCR−1、KC8UCR−2、KC8UCR−3、KC8UCR−4、KC8UXW−H(コニカミノルタオプト(株)製)等が好ましく用いられる。これらは同種のフィルムを偏光子の両面に用いて偏光板化することも出来、或いは異なる種類のフィルムを組み合わせて偏光板とすることも出来る。これらの偏光板は表示装置の表面若しくは裏面(バックライト側)に使用することが出来る。例えば、KC8UY/偏光子/KC12UR、KC8UX2M/偏光子/KC8UCR−3、KC8UXW−H/偏光子/KC8UCR4、KCUXW−H/偏光子/KCUCR−3等と組み合わせて用いることが出来る。本発明の光学フィルムに対して、もう一方の面に用いられる偏光板保護フィルムは面内リターデーションRoが590nmで、20〜70nm、Rtが70〜400nmの位相差を有している光学補償フィルムであることが好ましい。これらは例えば、特開2002−71957号公報段落番号[0014]〜[0078]、特開2003−170492号公報段落番号[0064]〜[0252]記載の方法で作製することが出来る。
本発明においては、更にディスコチック液晶などの液晶化合物を配向させて形成した光学異方層を有している光学補償フィルムを兼ねる偏光板保護フィルムを用いることが好ましい。例えば、特開2003−98348号公報段落番号[0033]〜[0053]記載の方法で光学異方層を形成することが出来る。本発明の光学フィルムと組み合わせて使用することによって、平面性に優れ、安定した視野角拡大効果を有する偏光板を得ることが出来る。
偏光子としては、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを延伸、染色したものが好ましく用いられる。特に、エチレン単位の含有量1〜4モル%、重合度2000〜4000、けん化度99.0〜99.99モル%のエチレン変性ポリビニルアルコールが好ましく用いられる。中でも熱水切断温度が66〜73℃であるエチレン変性ポリビニルアルコールフィルムが好ましく用いられる。又、フィルムのTD方向に5cm離れた二点間の熱水切断温度の差が1℃以下であることが、色斑を低減させるうえでさらに好ましく、さらにフィルムのTD方向に1cm離れた二点間の熱水切断温度の差が0.5℃以下であることが、色斑を低減させるうえでさらに好ましい。
本発明のポリエステルフィルム及びシクロオレフィン樹脂フィルムとポリビニルアルコール系偏光子とを貼り合わせるのに使用される接着剤としては、十分な接着性を持ち、透明で、偏光機能を阻害しないものであって水性のものが好ましく用いられ、例えば、ポリエステル系接着剤、ポリアクリル系接着剤、エポキシ系接着剤、シアノアクリレート系接着剤、ポリウレタン系接着剤、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルブチラール等のポリビニルアルコール系接着剤などが挙げられる。特にウレタン樹脂系の接着剤が好ましい。
(2)親水性基含有化合物(A)、ポリエステルポリオール(B)及びポリイソシアネート(C)を反応させて親水性基が導入された末端イソシアナト基含有ウレタンポリマーを水に分散させ、ポリアミンと反応させて、アイオノマー樹脂を得る方法など。
本発明の偏光板を表示装置に組み込むことによって、種々の視認性に優れた本発明の表示装置を作製することが出来る。本発明の光学フィルムは反射型、透過型、半透過型LCD或いはTN型、STN型、OCB型、HAN型、VA型(PVA型、MVA型)、IPS型等の各種駆動方式のLCDで好ましく用いられる。また、本発明の光学フィルムは反射防止層の反射光の色むらやぎらつきが著しく少なく、また、平面性に優れ、プラズマディスプレイ、フィールドエミッションディスプレイ、有機ELディスプレイ、無機ELディスプレイ、電子ペーパー等の各種表示装置にも好ましく用いられる。特に画面が30型以上、特に30型〜54型の大画面の表示装置では、色むら、ぎらつきや波打ちむらが少なく、長時間の鑑賞でも目が疲れないという効果があった。
本発明に係る偏光板を、液晶セルの少なくとも一方の面に配置して貼合し、液晶表示装置を作製することが出来る。
(微粒子分散液)
二酸化珪素分散液1
アエロジル972V(日本アエロジル(株)製) 0.12質量部
(一次粒子の平均径16nm、見掛け比重90g/リットル)
エタノール 99.88質量部
をディゾルバーで30分間攪拌混合した後、マントンゴーリンで分散を行い。二酸化珪素分散液1を作製した。
二酸化珪素分散液1を0.1質量部にエタノール2000質量部を投入し、ディゾルバーで30分間攪拌混合し、分散希釈液Aを作製した。
1,3,5トリアジン化合物(下記構造の化合物D) 12質量部
メチレンクロライド 100質量部
(ドープ液Aの調製)
セルロースエステル(リンター綿から合成されたセルローストリアセテート)
100質量部
(Mn=148000、Mw=310000、Mw/Mn=2.1、アセチル基置換度2.9)
トリメチロールプロパントリベンゾエート(下記化合物) 5.0質量部
エチルフタリルエチルグリコレート 5.5質量部
メチレンクロライド 440質量部
エタノール 40質量部
光学フィルム1の作製と同様にして、ウェブの残留溶媒量、分散希釈液種類、インクジェット出射条件、バックロール直径、塗布〜バックロール接触までの時間、塗布〜延伸までの時間、ロール接触〜延伸までの時間、延伸時の残留溶媒量を表1〜3記載のように変化させ、光学フィルム2〜光学フィルム9を作製した。
光学フィルム1と同様にして表1〜3記載の光学フィルムを作製し、該光学フィルムをケン化処理し、インクジェット塗布液塗布面と反対の面に液晶化合物として大日本インキ製UCL−018のキシレン溶液を乾燥膜厚が0.6μmとなるように塗布・乾燥して、45℃にて35秒間熱処理し、酸素濃度0.5%にて、基材温度を35℃にて紫外線を350mJ照射し配向を固定化し、光学フィルム10を作製した。
光学フィルム1と同様にして表1〜3記載の光学フィルムを作製し、該光学フィルムのインクジェット塗布液塗布面と反対の面を長手方向と直交方向にラビング処理を行い、続いてケン化処理し、液晶化合物としてMERCK製のRMS03001のキシレン溶液を乾燥膜厚が0.5μmとなるように塗布・乾燥して、65℃にて110秒間熱処理し、酸素濃度0.5%にて、基材温度を35℃にて紫外線を350mJ照射し配向を固定化し、光学フィルム11を作製した。
光学フィルム1と同様にして表1〜3記載の光学フィルムを作製し、該光学フィルムのインクジェット塗布液塗布面と反対の面を長手方向と直交方向にラビング処理を行い、続いてケン化処理し、液晶化合物としてMERCK製のRMS03011のキシレン溶液を乾燥膜厚が1.1μmとなるように塗布・乾燥して、65℃にて110秒間熱処理し、酸素濃度0.5%にて、基材温度を35℃にて紫外線を350mJ照射し配向を固定化し、光学フィルム12を作製した。
光学フィルム1の作製と同様にして、ウェブの残留溶媒量、分散希釈液種類、インクジェット出射条件、バックロール直径、塗布〜バックロール接触までの時間、塗布〜延伸までの時間、ロール接触〜延伸までの時間、延伸時の残留溶媒量を表1〜3記載のように変化させ、光学フィルム13〜光学フィルム15を作製した。
光学フィルム1と同様にして表1〜3記載の光学フィルムを作製し、該光学フィルムのインクジェット塗布液塗布面と反対の面に、特開2005−70745号公報の実施例2の溶液を乾燥膜厚が3.3μとなるように塗布し、乾燥して光学フィルム16を作製した。
光学フィルム1と同様にして表1〜3記載の光学フィルムを作製し、該光学フィルムのインクジェット塗布液塗布面と反対の面に、BASF社製PaliocolorLC756にLC756を4.8質量%添加し、乾燥膜厚が3.3μとなるように塗布し、乾燥して塗布表面の温度を70℃にし、フィルム側の温度を25℃にして120秒間熱処理を行い、続いて紫外線硬化することで光学フィルム17を作製した。
光学フィルム1と同様にして表1〜3記載の光学フィルムを作製し、該光学フィルムのインクジェット塗布液塗布面と反対の面を長手方向と直交する方向にラビング処理とケン化処理を行い、続いて特開2001−66433号公報の段落番号[0080]の化合物7のトルエン溶液(5質量%)を乾燥膜厚が2.2μmとなるように塗布、熱処理を行い、ホモジニアス配向の膜を連続的に作製し、光学フィルム18を作製した。
ビスフェノールAからなるポリカーボネート樹脂(粘度平均分子量52,000)15質量部をジオキソラン85質量部に少しずつ加えてドープを作製した。このドープを60℃に保持したエンドレスベルト上にクリアランス0.8mmのドタクーブレードで流延して、80℃、風速0.9m/秒の風をあて乾燥、剥離後、残留溶媒が20質量%、雰囲気の溶媒濃度が950ppmにて、前記実施例同様にインクジェットヘッドにて前記分散希釈液Aの塗布を行い、ついで150秒後に塗布面にロールを接触させ、さらにその5秒後に175℃にて1.1倍の延伸を行い、その後150℃、風速1m/秒にて60分加熱処理を行い乾燥した。巻き長は2300mであった。
ゼオノア1020R(日本ゼオン製)100質量部、メチレンクロライド(第1溶媒)300質量部をミキシングタンクに投入し、加熱しながら攪拌して、各成分を溶解し、ポリマー溶液を調製した。続いてエンドレスベルトに塗布し、乾燥条件を変更して剥離残溶を調整して剥離し、その後の乾燥を調整して前記インクジェットヘッドにより前記分散希釈液Aを塗布し、さらに表3に記載の条件で延伸処理を行い光学フィルム22、25、26、37を作製した。
ポリ乳酸100質量部、およびメチレンクロライド400質量部をミキシングタンクに投入し、加温、攪拌して溶解し、ポリマー溶液を調製した。続いてエンドレスベルトに塗布し、乾燥、剥離し、その後の乾燥を調整して前記インクジェットヘッドによりマット剤の分散希釈液を塗布し、さらに表3に記載の条件で延伸処理を行い光学フィルム39を作製した。
光学フィルム1の作製と同様にして、ウェブの残留溶媒量、分散希釈液種類、インクジェット出射条件、バックロール直径、塗布〜バックロール接触までの時間、塗布〜延伸までの時間、ロール接触〜延伸までの時間、延伸時の残留溶媒量を表1〜3記載のように変化させ、光学フィルム20、21、23、24、27〜36、38を作製した。
前記光学フィルム1〜39上に、均一な塗布層となるように下記のハードコート層塗布組成物をダイコーターで、インクジェット塗布液塗布面と反対の面に塗布し、熱風の温度、風速を徐々に強め最終的に85℃で乾燥し、続いて活性光線照射部より0.1J/cm2の照射強度で紫外線照射し、乾燥膜厚で5μmのクリアハードコート層を設けた。
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート単量体 60質量部
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート2量体 20質量部
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート3量体以上の成分 20質量部
光反応開始剤 4質量部
(イルガキュア184(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ(株)製))
プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル 75質量部
メチルエチルケトン 75質量部
次いで、上記ハードコート層の上に下記反射防止層を設け反射防止フィルムを作製した。
下記の低屈折率層組成物1をダイコーターで塗布し、80℃で5分間乾燥させた後、更に120℃で5分間熱硬化させ、更に紫外線を175mJ/cm2照射して硬化させ、厚さ95nmとなるように低屈折率層1を設けた。尚、この低屈折率層1の屈折率は1.45であった。
テトラエトキシシラン580gとエタノール1144gを混合し、これに酢酸水溶液を添加した後に、室温(25℃)にて1時間攪拌することでテトラエトキシシラン加水分解物Aを調製した。
プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル 303質量部
イソプロピルアルコール 305質量部
テトラエトキシシラン加水分解物A 139質量部
γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
(信越化学社製KBM503) 1.6質量部
10%FZ−2207、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル溶液
(日本ユニカー社製) 1.3質量部
但し、光学フィルム21、23、27、28、29には、硬化後の膜厚が3μmとなるようにマイクログラビアコーターを用いて下記組成の溶液を塗布し溶剤を蒸発乾燥後、高圧水銀灯を用いて0.2J/cm2の紫外線照射により硬化させ防眩層を形成した後、反射防止層を設けた。
トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート 30質量部
光反応開始剤 4質量部
(イルガキュア184(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ(株)製))
酢酸エチル 150質量部
プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル 150質量部
シリコン化合物 0.4質量部
(BYK−307(ビックケミージャパン社製))
上記組成物に形成した膜の屈折率が1.60となるように酸化ジルコニウム微粒子(平均粒径10nm)を添加した。酸化ジルコニウムは塗布液に添加する溶媒の一部を用いてあらかじめ分散したものを使用した。
厚さ、120μmのポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、一軸延伸(温度110℃、延伸倍率5倍)した。これをヨウ素0.075g、ヨウ化カリウム5g、水100gからなる水溶液に60秒間浸漬し、次いでヨウ化カリウム6g、ホウ酸7.5g、水100gからなる68℃の水溶液に浸漬した。これを水洗、乾燥し偏光子を得た。
(ドープ液Rの調製)
セルロースエステル(セルロースアセテートプロピオネート アセチル基置換度1.9、プロピオニル基置換度0.8) 100質量部
(Mn=100000、Mw=220000、Mw/Mn=2.2)
トリフェニルホスフェート 8質量部
エチルフタリルエチルグリコレート 2質量部
メチレンクロライド 300質量部
エタノール 60質量部
以上を密閉容器に投入し、加熱し、攪拌しながら、完全に溶解し、安積濾紙(株)製の安積濾紙No.24を使用して濾過し、ドープ液Eを調製した。
アエロジル972V(日本アエロジル(株)製) 10質量部
エタノール 75質量部
以上をディゾルバーで30分間攪拌混合した後、マントンゴーリンで分散を行った。二酸化珪素分散液に75質量部のメチレンクロライドを攪拌しながら投入し、ディゾルバーで30分間攪拌混合し、二酸化珪素分散希釈液Rを作製した。
メチレンクロライド 100質量部
チヌビン109(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ(株)製) 4質量部
チヌビン171(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ(株)製) 4質量部
チヌビン326(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ(株)製) 2質量部
以上を密閉容器に投入し、加熱し、攪拌しながら、完全に溶解し、濾過した。
液晶パネルを以下のようにして作製し、液晶表示装置としての特性を評価した。
(レターデーションの測定)
光学フィルムのレターデーション値(Ro)(Rt)は以下の式によって求める。
Rt=((nx+ny)/2−nz)×d
ここにおいて、dはフィルムの厚み(nm)、屈折率nx(フィルムの面内の最大の屈折率、遅相軸方向の屈折率ともいう)、ny(フィルム面内で遅相軸に直角な方向の屈折率)、nz(厚み方向におけるフィルムの屈折率)である。
光学フィルムの原反を巻き長3000〜12000mのまま倉庫内で1ケ月保管した後、ブロッキングの発生を下記基準にて目視で評価した。
○ :軽い剥離音がする程度でサンプルに跡、変形がない
△ :変形はないがサンプルに少し跡が残る
× :変形がありサンプルに凹凸が残る
偏光板試料作製時における、偏光子とフィルムとの貼合時の界面の微細な泡、異物故障を目視で行うことで以下の指標で△、×はNGとし他にも、折れしわやカールが発生しているものはNGとして、チップカットした偏光板の収率を求めた。
△:泡、異物が少し認められた
×:泡、異物が多く認められた
続いて、偏光板1〜39を100セット準備し、淀川ヒューテック製の偏光板貼合装置を用いてパネルに貼合して、ズレ、気泡(100μm径以上)発生をNGとして収率を求めた。
Claims (17)
- 透明基材フィルムの溶液流延製膜方法による光学フィルムの製造方法において、ウェブ中の残留溶媒が5〜400質量%である時に、少なくとも平均粒経が25〜200nmの微粒子を含有する微粒子分散液をインクジェットヘッドを用いて液滴として、吐出し、ウェブの一方の面上に、着弾、付着させて、微細凸構造を形成し、かつ該微細凸構造の凸部の高さが0.01〜0.5μmである凸部を10000μm2当たり1〜10000個形成することを特徴とする光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ウェブの一方の面に微細凸構造を形成する際の該ウェブ周囲の雰囲気含有溶媒濃度が50〜10000ppmであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ウェブの一方の面を直径50〜1000mmバックロールに当てた状態でもう一方の面に前記微粒子分散液をインクジェットヘッドを用いて付着させることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項又は第2項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ウェブ上に微粒子分散液の付着を行ってから、0.1〜240秒以内に該ウェブの微粒子分散液が付着した面を搬送ロールに接触させることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第3項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ウェブ上に微粒子分散液の付着を行ってから、1〜300秒以内に、該ウェブを搬送方向と直交する方向に1.05〜2.5倍の延伸処理することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第4項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- ウェブの微粒子分散液が付着した面が最初に搬送ロールに接触してから0.5〜240秒以内に、該ウェブを搬送方向と直交する方向に1.05〜2.5倍の延伸処理を行うことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第5項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記延伸処理の際の残留溶媒が0.5質量%〜100質量%であり、延伸処理前後の残留溶媒差が0.4質量%〜99質量%であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項又は第6項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記透明基材フィルムの幅が1.4〜5mであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第7項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記透明基材フィルムの巻き長さが2000〜10000mであり、膜厚が5〜55μmであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第8項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記透明基材フィルムが、セルロースエステル、シクロオレフィン系ポリマー、ポリカーボネート、及びポリ乳酸から選ばれる高分子化合物の少なくとも一種を含有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第9項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求の範囲第1項〜第9項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法によって製造されたフィルムであって、透明基材フィルム上の少なくとも一方の面に光学異方層を設けたことを特徴とする光学フィルム。
- 前記光学異方層が活性線硬化層であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第11項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 波長589nmにおけるRoが1〜400nm、Rtが−400〜400nmであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第11項又は第12項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光学フィルムの少なくとも一方の面にハードコート層、防眩層、反射防止層、帯電防止層から選択される層を設けたことを特徴とする請求の範囲第11項〜第13項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 請求の範囲第11項〜第13項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムを用いたことを特徴とする偏光板。
- 請求の範囲第11項〜第14項のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムを用いたことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求の範囲第15項に記載の偏光板を用いたことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
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