JP4861120B2 - 負極活物質、その製造方法、並びにそれを採用した負極及びリチウム電池 - Google Patents
負極活物質、その製造方法、並びにそれを採用した負極及びリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4861120B2 JP4861120B2 JP2006282886A JP2006282886A JP4861120B2 JP 4861120 B2 JP4861120 B2 JP 4861120B2 JP 2006282886 A JP2006282886 A JP 2006282886A JP 2006282886 A JP2006282886 A JP 2006282886A JP 4861120 B2 JP4861120 B2 JP 4861120B2
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- active material
- metal
- electrode active
- core particles
- Prior art date
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 110
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010316 high energy milling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbonate Chemical compound N.N.OC(O)=O PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003361 porogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- -1 more specifically Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- LRMILOBPOZGOSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;carboxylato carbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)OC([O-])=O LRMILOBPOZGOSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyldioxolane Chemical compound CC1COOC1 LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003722 High energy mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010294 electrolyte impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/626—Metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
<負極活物質の製造>
直径43μm未満のシリコン金属粉末1g、分子量500のポリビニルアルコール(PVA)粉末1g及びシュウ酸3gを混合して、高エネルギーの機械式ミーリング器(SPEX CertiPrep 8000M)を使用して粉砕した。次いで、前記粉砕された混合物を、アルゴン雰囲気で800℃で10時間熱処理してPVAを完全に炭化させた後、すり鉢で粉砕して負極活物質を製造した。
直径43μmのシリコン金属粉末1gをそのまま負極活物質として使用した。
直径43μmのシリコン金属粉末1g及び分子量500のポリビニルアルコール(PVA)1gを10mlの蒸溜水に入れて、PVAが完全に溶解されるまで攪拌した後、水が完全に蒸発するまで攪拌し続けつつ徐々に加熱して、前記3つの物質が混合された状態の固体を得た。前記固体状態の物質をアルゴン雰囲気で800℃で10時間熱処理してPVAを完全に炭化させた後、すり鉢で粉砕して、シリコン粒子上に炭素被膜がコーティングされた負極活物質の粉末を得た。
<負極の製造>
前記実施例1で製造した活物質粉末1g、平均径10μmの黒鉛粉末8.6g、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)10wt%、2g及びカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)0.2gを混合し、20mLの蒸溜水を投入した後、機械式攪拌器で30分間攪拌してスラリーを製造した。
前記実施例1で製造した活物質粉末1gの代りに、前記比較例1のシリコン粉末1gを使用したことを除いては、前記実施例2と同じ方法で製造した。
前記実施例1で製造した活物質粉末1gの代りに、前記比較例2で製造した負極活物質1gを使用したことを除いては、前記実施例2と同じ方法で製造した。
<リチウム電池の製造>
実施例2で製造した前記負極板をリチウム金属の反対電極とし、PTFE隔離膜(セパレータ)と1M LiPF6とがEC(エチレンカーボネート)+DEC(ジエチルカーボネート)(3:7)に溶けている溶液を電解質として、2015規格のコインセルをそれぞれ製造した。
比較例3で製造した前記負極板を使用したことを除いては、実施例3と同じ方法で製造した。
比較例4で製造した前記負極板を使用したことを除いては、実施例3と同じ方法で製造した。
<充放電の実験>
Claims (16)
- 複数の金属コア粒子と、
前記複数の金属コア粒子と電気的に連結している複数の金属ナノワイヤーと、
前記複数の金属コア粒子と前記複数の金属ナノワイヤーとの間に存在する複数の孔隙と、
前記金属コア粒子及び前記金属ナノワイヤーの表面上に存在する炭素系コーティング層と、を備えた負極活物質であって、
前記金属ナノワイヤー及び金属コア粒子は、リチウムと合金を形成できる金属からなり、且つ同じ組成を有しており、
前記金属ナノワイヤー及び金属コア粒子は、不規則に3次元的に配置されていることを特徴とする負極活物質。 - 前記金属ナノワイヤー及び金属コア粒子は、Si、Sn、Al、Ge、Pb、Bi、Sb及びこれらの合金からなる群から選択された1つ以上の金属を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記炭素系コーティング層は、高分子材料の焼成物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記高分子材料は、ビニル系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、セルロース系樹脂、ピッチ系樹脂及びタール系樹脂からなる群から選択された1つ以上の樹脂を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記負極活物質は、炭素系活物質を追加的に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記炭素系活物質は、繊維状の炭素系活物質であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の負極活物質。
- 請求項1ないし請求項6のうち何れか1項に記載の負極活物質を含むことを特徴とする負極電極。
- 請求項7に記載の負極電極を採用したことを特徴とするリチウム電池。
- リチウムと合金を形成できる金属からなる金属粒子粉末、高分子材料及び気孔形成物質を混合して混合物を形成する工程と、
前記混合物を粉砕して、前記金属粒子粉末から複数の金属コア粒子を形成する工程と、
前記粉砕された混合物を焼成させる工程と、を含み、
前記粉砕された混合物を焼成させる工程は、前記複数の金属コア粒子を電気的に連結させる複数の金属ナノワイヤーを成長させ、前記高分子材料を炭化させて前記複数の金属コア粒子及び前記複数の金属ナノワイヤーの表面上に炭素系コーティング層を形成し、及び前記気孔形成物質を気化させて前記複数の金属コア粒子と前記複数の金属ナノワイヤーとの間に複数の孔隙を形成させ、
前記金属ナノワイヤー及び金属コア粒子は、同じ組成を有していることを特徴とする負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記金属粒子粉末は、Si、Sn、Al、Ge、Pb、Bi、Sb及びこれらの合金からなる群から選択された1つ以上の金属を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記高分子材料は、ビニル系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、セルロース系樹脂、ピッチ系樹脂及びタール系樹脂からなる群から選択された1つ以上の樹脂を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記気孔形成物質は、シュウ酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、グリシン、炭酸アンモニウム、二炭酸アンモニウム及びシュウ酸アンモニウムからなる群から選択された1つ以上の化合物であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記粉砕工程で使用する粉砕方法は、高エネルギーミーリング、メカノフージョン及びハンマー・ミルからなる群から選択された一つであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記焼成工程における焼成温度は、500ないし1400℃であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記混合物の製造工程における金属粒子粉末に対する高分子材料の混合比は、1:50ないし10:1重量比であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記混合物形成工程において、前記金属粒子粉末はシリコンであり、前記高分子材料はポリビニルアルコールであり、前記気孔形成物質はシュウ酸であり、
前記粉砕工程における粉砕方法は、高エネルギーミーリングによる粉砕であり、
前記焼成工程における焼成温度は、700ないし1000℃であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
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US20070087268A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
US8628884B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
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