JP4733982B2 - 最小侵襲光学−音響撮像システム及び方法 - Google Patents
最小侵襲光学−音響撮像システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、例示を目的とし、限定することを目的とせずに、光ファイバ105における歪み検出FBGセンサ100の一例を全体的に示す断面側面図である。FBGセンサ100は、近くの撮像対象部から受け取られた音響エネルギーを感知し、受け取った音響エネルギーを光ファイバ105内の光信号に変換する。図1の例において、FBGセンサ100は、光ファイバ・クラッド120に囲まれた光ファイバコア115にブラッグ回折格子110A、110Bを含む。ブラッグ回折格子110A、110Bは、一例では長さが約1ミリメートルの歪み感知領域125によって分割される。本例は、これらの回折格子110Aと110Bの間の「光学的変位」を検出することによって歪みを感知する。
一例において、FBGセンサ100は、視覚化される近傍の撮像領域から受け取られた超音波又は他の音響エネルギーによって生成される歪みを感知し、それに応じて光ファイバにおける光信号を変調する。FBGセンサ100の感度を高くすると、撮像が向上する。感度を高くする第1の例は、音響エネルギーによって与えられる所定の動的圧力に対してFBGセンサ100で誘発された歪みの量を増加させることである。第2の例は、FBGセンサ100の歪みの所定の変化に対する光信号の変調を大きくすることである。
本出願人は、圧電トランスデューサを使用して超音波を伝送する撮像ガイドワイヤを実装することが可能であるが、そのような設計は妥協を伴うおそれがあることを認識した。圧電トランスデューサが広い放射パターンで超音波エネルギーを放射する場合は、撮像品質が劣化しうる。逆により小さい圧電トランスデューサを使用して、超音波を伝送すると、必要とされる音伝送エネルギーを達成するためにガイドワイヤに大きな電圧が必要になるおそれがある。より小さいトランスデューサは、より高い電気インピーダンスを有し、同じ音響出力を達成するのにより高い電圧が必要になるためである。当該ガイドワイヤは、また、患者の安全を確保するのに十分な誘電特性を有する材料を使用しなければならない。さらに、電線をガイドワイヤ・アセンブリに付加すると、その製造が複雑になる。
図8は、撮像ガイドワイヤ805又は他の細長いカテーテルの遠位部800の側面図の例を全体的に示す概略図である(一例において、ガイドワイヤ805は、カテーテル又は他の医療器具を例えばガイドワイヤ805で導入し、かつ/又は誘導するのに使用することが可能である)。本例において、撮像ガイドワイヤ805の遠位部800は、ガイドワイヤ805の遠位先端815のわずか、又は極めて近くに位置する1つ又は複数の撮像窓810A、810B、...、810Nを含む。各撮像窓810は、1つ又は複数の光学−音響トランスデューサ325と、対応する1つ又は複数の個別又は一体的音響−光学FBGセンサ100とを含む。一例において、各撮像窓810は、ガイドワイヤ805を血管又は他の内腔に誘導するのを可能にする機械特性を有するガイドワイヤ805の遠位先端815のわずか近くに位置する(図7に示されるような)ブレーズドFBG光学−音響及び音響−光学複合トランスデューサ500のアレイを含む。一例において、ファイバコア115を通じて通信されている光波長を変化させることによって個々の窓に容易に対応できるように、それぞれの撮像窓810A、810B、...、810Nがそれぞれ異なる光波長に対応して設計される。
一例において、音トランスデューサを作製する前に、光ファイバ925をコア910及び遠位先端920又は隔壁1200に接着し、場合によってはガイドワイヤ905にコーティングすることなどによってガイドワイヤ905をアセンブルする。次いで、ガイドワイヤ内の光学−音響トランスデューサ窓810の位置に1つ又は複数の溝を研削することなどによって、光学−音響トランスデューサをガイドワイヤアセンブリ905に組み込む。さらなる例において、光ファイバ925におけるこれらの溝の深さは、光学−音響トランスデューサの共鳴構造を定める。
一例において、ガイドワイヤ905は、ガイドワイヤの近位端におけるカテーテルのガイドワイヤによる挿入又は他の挿入法に対応する。したがって、当該例において、ガイドワイヤ905(任意の近位端インターフェースを含む)は、カテーテルの内径(例えば0.014インチ)より小さいか、又は等しい外径を有する。図13A及び図13Bは、ガイドワイヤ905に容易に係合し、離脱する光結合器の図解例を示す図である。これは、なかでも、カテーテルをガイドワイヤにより挿入し、カテーテルがガイドワイヤにより導入される前、間、又は後で撮像領域を確認するのを容易にする。
図14Aは、撮像ガイドワイヤ905と関連するインターフェース構成要素の一例を全体的に示す構成図である。図14Aの構成図は、光結合器1305によって光電子モジュール1400に結合される撮像ガイドワイヤ905を含む。光電子モジュール1400は、画像処理モジュール1405と、そこから受け取られた音変調光信号を使用して1つ又は複数の音響−光学トランスデューサ付近に撮像領域の可視静止及び/又は動画像を提供するディスプレイを含むユーザ・インターフェース1410とに結合される。一例において、図14Aの構成図に示されるシステム1415は、既存の音撮像システムと実質的に類似している画像処理モジュール1405及びユーザ・インターフェース1410を使用する。
光電子モジュール1400は、1つ又は複数のレーザと、光ファイバ要素とを含む。異なる伝送と受取波長が使用される場合のような一例において、伝送超音波に対してガイドワイヤ905に光を供給するのに第1のレーザが使用され、ガイドワイヤ905に光を供給して、受け取られた超音波によって変調するために個別的な第2のレーザが使用される。本例において、光ファイバ・マルチプレクサは、(ガイドワイヤの光ファイバ925の特定の1つに対応付けられた)各チャネルを伝送と受取レーザ及び対応する光学素子に結合させる。これによって、システムの複雑さとコストが低減される。
一例において、解剖組織の1つの二次元切片を提示する代わりに、所望の体積の患者の解剖組織又は他の対象撮像領域の確認を可能にする三次元視覚画像を提供するようにシステムを動作させる。これにより、医師が、他の解剖組織に対する病変などの構造体の詳細な空間的配置を迅速に観察することが可能になる。ガイドワイヤ905が、光ファイバ当たり10までの光学−音響トランスデューサ窓を有する30の順次アクセス光ファイバを含む一例において、1つの画像フレームに対してすべてのトランスデューサ窓から画像情報を集めるのに30×10=300T/Rのサイクルが用いられる。これは、上述のように、2cmの範囲に対して割り当てられた1000の当該サイクル内に十分におさまる。したがって、当該実施形態は、ビデオ速度(例えば各トランスデューサ窓に対して1秒当たり約30フレームの速度)で各光ファイバの10のすべてのトランスデューサ窓から実質的に同時画像を得ることが可能になる。これにより、他の撮像技術に比べて独自の利点を提供するリアルタイムの立体データ取得が可能になる。なかでも、当該リアルタイムの立体データ取得は、血管壁の形状の視覚化、斑堆積物の広範囲かつ厳密な位置特定、脆弱な斑を識別する能力を含む三次元のリアルタイムな血管撮像を可能にする。
図15は、本例では、ファイバコア105とファイバ・クラッド120を含み、被膜930に覆われた光ファイバ105に組み込まれている代替的な音響−光学トランスデューサ1500の一例を全体的に示す断面概略図である。図15の図解例において、トランスデューサ1500は、コア115内のブレーズドFBG330と、クラッド120内の半透明変形性(又は空)領域1505と、半透明領域1505の少なくとも一部に重なる音響変形性光反射表面領域1510とを含む。一例において、音響−光学トランスデューサ1500は、音響−光学トランスデューサ1500によって受け取られる音響エネルギーを近傍の対象撮像領域に生成する光学−音響トランスデューサ325とともに、撮像ガイドワイヤ805の窓810内に作製される。
上記例のいくつかを(例えば脆弱性の斑を確認し、かつ/又は識別するための)血管内撮像に関して説明したが、本システム、デバイス及び方法は、任意の他の身体部分の撮像にも適用可能である。例えば、撮像を行うために、例えばガイドワイヤ、又は上述した他の細長い体を生検針、腹腔検査デバイス、又は任意の他の内腔もしくは窩洞に挿入することが可能である。さらに、当該撮像は、細長い体を内腔に挿入する必要はなく、例えば、代替的に、撮像対象領域の一部に撮像装置を巻きつけることが可能である。
Claims (20)
- 少なくとも1つの光ファイバを含む、近位端及び遠位端を有する細長い本体と、
前記光ファイバにおける第1の光信号に応答して前記本体のある領域を撮像するために音響エネルギーを生成するように構成された前記本体の光学−音響トランスデューサと、そして
同じ前記光ファイバにおいて前記本体の前記領域からの音響エネルギーを感知し応答第2光信号を提供するように構成された前記本体の音響−光学トランスデューサと
を含む撮像装置。 - 前記細長い本体は、カテーテルの内腔への導入及び内腔内でのカテーテルの誘導の少なくとも一方に対応してサイズが設定され、成形されたガイドワイヤを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記細長い本体は、円筒円周の周りに配置された複数の光ファイバを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第2の光信号を使用して、前記細長い本体の前記遠端付近の前記領域の画像を提供するように構成されたディスプレイを備えたユーザ・インターフェースをさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記音響−光学トランスデューサは、少なくとも1つのブラッグ回折格子を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ブラッグ回折格子はブレーズド・ブラッグ回折格子を含む請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記光学−音響トランスデューサが、光音響応答を生成するために前記光ファイバの外側に位置して前記光ファイバの前記コアからの光を受信することができる光学音響材料を含む請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記音響−光学トランスデューサは、第1のブラッグ回折格子と、第2のブラッグ回折格子と、前記第1のブラッグ回折格子と第2のブラッグ回折格子との間に配置されたブレーズドされた第3のブラッグ回折格子とを含む干渉計を含む請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記第1及び第2の光信号の少なくとも1つを伝送するために、前記細長い本体の前記近位端又はその付近に結合されるようにサイズ設定及び成形された光結合器をさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記細長い本体は、実質的に円筒形で、その円筒円周の周りに配置された複数の光ファイバを含み、各光ファイバは、前記細長い本体に、光学−音響トランスデューサと音響−光学トランスデューサとを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記光学−音響トランスデューサと前記音響−光学トランスデューサは、音響エネルギーを生成し、音マッチング層を形成するための共通の光学音響材料を共用する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記細長い本体の一部に光結合されるように構成された光電子モジュールをさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記光電子モジュールに結合された画像処理モジュールをさらに含む請求項12に記載の装置。
- 光電子モジュールに結合され、斑を認識するように構成された組織特徴付けモジュールと、
前記組織特徴付けモジュールに結合され、前記ユーザ・インターフェースに結合されて、前記斑を視覚的に特異的に表示する画像強調モジュールとをさらに含む請求項13に記載の装置。 - 近位部及び遠位部と、実質的に円筒形の円周とを含む細長いの実質的に円筒形のガイドワイヤコアと、
前記ガイドワイヤコアの前記円筒円周に沿って配置され、それぞれが光学−音響トランスデューサ及び音響−光学トランスデューサの少なくとも1つを含む複数の細長い光ファイバと
をさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記ガイドワイヤは、血管に挿入されるようにサイズ設定及び成形されている請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記ガイドワイヤは、前記ガイドワイヤを血管に挿入するときにカテーテルのガイドワイヤによる挿入を可能にするようにサイズ設定及び成形されている請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記ガイドワイヤコアは、前記ガイドワイヤの遠位部付近に減少した円筒径を含む請求項15に記載の装置。
- 光学−音響トランスデューサ及び音響−光学トランスデューサの前記少なくとも1つは、ブレーズド・ブラッグ回折格子を含む請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記音響−光学トランスデューサは、干渉的に協働するように配置された少なくとも2つのブレーズド・ブラッグ回折格子を含む請求項19に記載の装置。
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US20100135111A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US7447388B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
JP5278831B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
CA2501048A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
US9339192B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
US9192307B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
US8059923B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
AU2003299911A8 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
US20070133925A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
EP1555942B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
EP1555942B8 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
US7660492B2 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
US7245789B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 |
WO2004032746A2 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
JP2010221048A (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
US20140254975A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
US20120108943A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
AU2003299911A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
US20040067000A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
EP1555942A2 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
WO2004032746A3 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
US8731340B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
JP2006501930A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
US20090059727A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
US8391652B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 |
US20130178729A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
US20160007860A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
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