JP4384656B2 - 新規のガラクトシダーゼ酵素活性を生じさせるビフィドバクテリウムビフィダムの新規株 - Google Patents
新規のガラクトシダーゼ酵素活性を生じさせるビフィドバクテリウムビフィダムの新規株 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4384656B2 JP4384656B2 JP2006500267A JP2006500267A JP4384656B2 JP 4384656 B2 JP4384656 B2 JP 4384656B2 JP 2006500267 A JP2006500267 A JP 2006500267A JP 2006500267 A JP2006500267 A JP 2006500267A JP 4384656 B2 JP4384656 B2 JP 4384656B2
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- Prior art keywords
- gal
- glc
- lactose
- mixture
- bifidobacterium bifidum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
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- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/123—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using only microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae; Yoghurt
- A23C9/1234—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using only microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae; Yoghurt characterised by using a Lactobacillus sp. other than Lactobacillus Bulgaricus, including Bificlobacterium sp.
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- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
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Description
米国特許第2002/0086358号は、ビフィドバクテリウム ビフィダムからの新規のβ−ガラクトシダーゼ、とりわけ、高いトランスガラクトシル化活性を持つ酵素の短化バージョンを記述している。該β−ガラクトシダーゼはラクトースと0.5〜60%の該ラクトースの存在下で一緒にインキュベーションを実施することが可能であることが言及されている一方で、トランスガラクトシル化反応で生成された、ガラクトオリゴサッカライドの例示的な最大収率は、44%(添加ラクトース1mgあたりの生成されたオリゴサッカライドのmg)であった。さらに、本米国特許明細書中でのオリゴサッカライドの定義より、生成物が、少なくとも3つの連結糖分子からなることが明白である。
大腸の状態を、実施例1に従って調製した1%(w/v)のGOS混合物なし、および該混合物ありで、増殖培地中、健康なヒトボランティアからの10%(w/v)便ホモジネートを接種させた、3段階の連続発酵(Macfarlane et al.,1998,Microbial Ecology,35,180−187)中で復元した(表2)。モデルは、それぞれの動作容量が270、300、および300mlである、3つの管、V1、V2およびV3からなる。温度を37℃に設定し、pHと共に自動的に制御した。3つの管中の培養pHは、5.5、6.2および6.8にそれぞれ維持した。各発酵器を磁気撹拌し、O2を含まないN2での連続噴霧(15ml/分)によって、嫌気条件を維持した。増殖培地は、以下の成分を含有する。デンプン8g/l、ムチン4g/l、カセイン3g/l、ペプトン水5g/l、トリプトン水5g/l、胆汁N°3 0.4g/l、酵母4.5g/l、FeSO4 0.005g/l、NaCl 4.5g/l、KCl 4.5g/l、KH2PO4 0.5g/l、MgSO4.7H2O 1.25g/l、CaCl2.6H2O 0.15g/l、NaHCO3 1.5g/l、Tween80 1ml、Hemin 0.05g/l、システイン.HCl 0.8g/l。培地を、蠕動ポンプによってV1に加え、V1は連続して、連続チューブを介してV2およびV3に供給される。本システムを約36時間の保持時間で操作した。腸モデルを一晩、培養ポンプを変える前に、平衡に維持し、試験基質を含む培地を導入する前、少なくとも10日間稼動させ、ついでさらに10日間維持した。試料を、開始時点および各サイクルの終わりで回収した。回収した試料容量は5mlであり、この容量を、細菌群を列挙するために使用した。
細菌集団の差を、16S rRNAの診断領域を標的とするように設計したオリゴヌクレオチドプローブで、FISHにより査定を行った。これらは、市販品として合成され、蛍光色素Cy3(Eurogentec UK Ltd.より供給される)でラベルした。使用した分子プローブを表1で示した。総細菌の計数には核酸染色4,6−ジアミジノ−2−フェニルインドール(DAPI)を使用した。発酵管から得た試料を、4%(w/v)パラフィンアルデヒド中で希釈し、4℃にて一晩で定着させた。ついで細胞を1500×gにて5分間遠心分離し、リン酸−緩衝食塩水(PBS、0.1M、pH7.0)にて2回洗浄し、PBS/99%エタノール(1:1、w/v)の混合液中に再懸濁させ、−20℃にて、少なくとも1時間保存した。ついで細胞懸濁液を、ハイブリッド混合液に添加し、一晩放置して、適切な温度にて、各プローブにハイブリッド形成させた。ハイブリッド形成した混合物を、2μm Isopore膜フィルター(Millipore Corporation),Herts,UK)を用いて吸引濾過した。濾液を除去し、SLowFade(Molecular Probes, Eugan,OR,USA)と共にガラススライド上に置き、蛍光顕微鏡(Nicon Eclipse,E400)下で検査した。DAPI染色細胞をUV光下で検査し、ハイブリッド細胞を、DM510フィルターを用いて視覚化した。各スライドに対して、少なくとも15の異なる視野で計数した。
表3より、本発明のGOS混合液が、より良好なプレバイオティック特性(すなわち、ビフィズス菌のより大きな増加、ならびに市販のGOS等価物と比較した場合の、細菌の減少(表2を参照のこと))を示すことがわかる。該プレバイオティック効果は、管1(V1)および2(V2)にてより強く、これは本発明のGOSが、低分子量のオリゴサッカライドからなることを説明している。
実施例1に従って調製したガラクトオリゴサッカライド合成生成物を、Biogel P2(Pharmacia)のカラム上でのゲル濾過によって精製し、水3ml/分で溶出した。
以上の解析より、オリゴサッカライド構造が、テトラサッカライド分画ではGal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−4)−Glc、トリサッカライド分画ではGal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−4)−Glc、Gal(β1−3)−Gal(β1−4)−Glc、そしてジサッカライド区画ではGal(β1−4)−Glc(ラクトース基質)、Gal(β1−3)−Glc、Gal(β1−3)−Gal、Gal(β1−6)−Gal、Gal(α1−6)−Gal(ガラビオース)であると推定された。
ここでGalはガラクトース、Glcはグルコースである。
1.Albersheim P.D.,D.J.Nevins,P.D.English, and A.Karr.1967、「ガス−液体クロマトグラフィーによる、植物細胞壁ポリサッカライド上の糖類の解析方法(A method for the analysis of sugars on plant cell-wall polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography.)Carbohydr Res 5:340-345。
2.Blakeney A.B.,P.J.Harris,R.J.Henry and B.A.Stone.1983。「モノサッカライド解析のための、アルジトール酢酸塩の単純かつ迅速な調製(A simple and rapid preparation of alditol acetates for monosaccharide analysis.)」Carbohydr Res 113:291-299。
3.Carpita N.C.,and E.M.Shia.1989。「部分的にメチル化されたアルジトール酢酸塩に関する、ガスクロマトグラフィー−質量分析(GC−MS)による、糖質類の結合構造(Linkage structure of carbohydrates by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(CD-MS) for partially methylated alditol acetates.)」p。157-216。C.J.Bierman and G.D.McGinnis(ed.),「ガス−液体クロマトグラフィーおよび質量分析による、糖質類の解析(Analysis of carbohydrates by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy.)」CRC Press Poca Raton,Fla。
4.Ciucanu I.,andF.Kerek.1984。「糖質類のペルメチル化のための単純かつ迅速な方法(A simple and rapid method for the permethylation of carbohydrates.) 」Carbohydr Res 131:209-217。
5.Doares S.H.,P.Albersheim,and A.G.Darvill.1991。「複合糖質類のグルコシル結合解析のための、標準品の調製のための改善方法(An improved method for the preparation of standards for the glycosyl-linkage analysis of complex carbohydrates.)」Carbohydr Res 210:311-317。
6.MacCormick C.A.,J.E.Harris,A.P.Cunning,and V.J.Morris.1993。「アセトバクター キシリヌム株の変異体によって生成されたポリサッカライドアセタンの変異体の特性化(Characterization of a variant of polysaccharide acetan produced by a mutan of Acetobacter xylinumstrain)」CR 1/4.J Appl Bacteriol 74:196-199。
7.Sweet D.P.,R.Shapiro,and P.Albersheim.1975。「部分的にメチル化され、部分的にエチル化されたアルジトール酢酸塩に対する種々のGLC応答−因子説による、定量的解析(Quantitative analysis by various GLC response-factor theories for partially methylated and partially ethylated alditol acetates.)」Carbohydr Res 40:217-225。
HT29細胞株は、European Collection of Cell Culutures for Applied Microbiology and Researchより入手した。細胞ストックを、5%(v/v)ウシ胎児血清(FBS)、100mMペニシリン、0.1M ストレプトマイシン、非必須アミノ酸(NEAA×100)および200mM a−グルタミンを含有する高グルコースダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(DMEM)中、湿潤5%CO2中で37℃にて培養した。細胞は、48時間ごとに栄養分を与え、コンフレントになる前に継代した。
異なる濃度のオリゴサッカライド(0.01、0.1、1、10、100mM)を含む血清標準培地(1% v/v)を、Olano−Martin et al.,1003によるオリゴサッカライド感受性のアッセイに使用した。細胞には実験培地(目的のオリゴサッカライドを含む)を与え、該培地を毎日変え、付着細胞の測定を、実験培地を除去し、細胞をCa++を含まないリン酸緩衝食塩水(pH7、9.6g/L)で洗浄することによって実施した。ついで付着細胞をトリプシン処理し、等容量の血清標準培地で中和した。細胞懸濁液を、Isoton II中に希釈し、細胞は、Coulter Counter中で計数した。細胞生存パーセンテージを、以下のように計算した。(図1)
%生存=(処理細胞の平均吸収/対照の平均吸収)×100
HT29細胞は、標準培地を用いて、>90%コンフレントまで、12−ウェル組織培養プレート中で培養した。アッセイを実施する前、最終の細胞栄養補給のために、抗生物質を含まない培地を使用した。
図2で示した結果は、ジサッカライド分画の存在下での、大腸菌(E.coli)EPECおよびS.トリフィムリウム(S.typhiurium)の付着に対する強力な阻害を示唆しており、該阻害はまたGOS混合物においても存在する。トリサッカライドより高次のサッカライド(>tri)分画が混合物に含まれると、S.トリフィムリウムに対する抗付着作用がより低いことが認められる。
Olano-Martin E.,Williams M.R.,Gibson G.R.,Rastall R.A.2003。「ペクチンおよびペクチン−オリゴサッカライドは、ヒト大腸細胞株HT29に対して指向するように、大腸菌O157:H7シガ毒素を阻害する。(Pectins and pectic-oligosaccharides inhibit Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga toxin as directed towards the human colonic cell line HT29.)」FEMS Microbiol Letters 218(1):101-105。
Deltawean 15 NGPの栄養/ミネラル組成は下記の通り。
表5:GOSの存在下で、遠位大腸にてpHの減少があり(1.6%に対して、また特に4%に対して)、これは、SCFAデータ(表6)と組み合わせて、GOS生成物が、近位大腸に到達したことを示唆している(発酵生成物が増加している)。
ケーススタディー1−炎症性腸疾患(IBD)
潰瘍性大腸炎(IBDの2つの主要な形態のうちの1つ)と診断された43歳の女性の患者を、実施例1に従って調製したGOS生成物の効果のケーススタディーとして引用する。
3年間IBSを患っている27歳の男性に、2回の分割用量で、実施例1に従って調製した7g/d GOSを摂取させた。この投与期間より以前では、この男性は膨満感、便秘、腸痛および疲労感を経験していた。これらは、IBSに関連する旧来の症状である。この患者は、6ヶ月間、抗生物質を摂取せず、小麦/グルテンおよび糖を含まない食事を摂取した。
Claims (8)
- ラクトースを、少なくとも1つのジサッカライド、少なくとも1つのトリサッカライド、少なくとも1つのテトラサッカライド、および少なくとも1つのペンタサッカライドを含有する、ガラクトオリゴサッカライド混合物に変換する、ガラクトシダーゼ酵素活性を生じることが可能な、ビフィドバクテリウム ビフィダム(Bifidobacterium bifidum)株であって、2003年3月31日に、Natioal Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria,Aberdeen,UKにて、NCIMB41171の受託番号にて預託された株であり、
前記ガラクトオリゴサッカライド混合物中において、前記ジサッカライドがGal−Galであり、前記トリサッカライドがGal−Gal−Glcであり、前記テトラサッカライドがGal−Gal−Gal−Glcであり、前記ペンタサッカライドがGal−Gal−Gal−Gal−Glcであり、ここでGalはガラクトース残基を、Glcはグルコース残基を表し、
前記ガラクトオリゴサッカライド混合物が、Gal(α1−6)−Gal、Gal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−4)−Glc、Gal(β1−3)−Gal(β1−4)−Glc、Gal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−4)−Glc、およびGal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−6)−Gal(β1−4)−Glcを含む、該株。 - 前記ガラクトオリゴサッカライド混合物を生成するための、請求項1に記載の、ビフィドバクテリウム ビフィダムの株の使用。
- 前記ガラクトオリゴサッカライド混合物が、腸の健康を改善するための製品の一部である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記製品が、日用品、飲料、幼児食、シリアル、ビスケット、菓子、ケーキ、食物サプリメント、栄養補助食品、動物の餌、家禽餌または他の食物または飲料からなる群より選択される、請求項3に記載の使用。
- ビフィズス菌の増殖を促進するための基質を製造する方法であって、ラクトースまたはラクトース含有物質を、請求項1に記載のビフィドバクテリウム ビフィダムの株で処理することを特徴とする、該方法。
- 前記ラクトース含有物質が、市販されているラクトース、全ミルク、セミスキムミルク、スキムミルク、乳清および脂肪添加乳からなる群より選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ミルクが、ウシ、バッファロー、ヒツジまたはヤギより得られる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ビフィドバクテリウム ビフィダム細胞の除去の後に基質を噴霧乾燥させて、粉末を作成することを含む、請求項5〜7のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
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JP2009189374A (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2009-08-27 | Clasado Inc | 新規のガラクトオリゴサッカライド組成物およびその調製法 |
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