JP4016984B2 - 半導体装置、半導体装置の製造方法、回路基板、及び電子機器 - Google Patents
半導体装置、半導体装置の製造方法、回路基板、及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4016984B2 JP4016984B2 JP2004369081A JP2004369081A JP4016984B2 JP 4016984 B2 JP4016984 B2 JP 4016984B2 JP 2004369081 A JP2004369081 A JP 2004369081A JP 2004369081 A JP2004369081 A JP 2004369081A JP 4016984 B2 JP4016984 B2 JP 4016984B2
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Description
前記半導体装置の積層体は、最下層の半導体装置を実装するインターポーザ基板を無くすことで、薄型化を図ることができる。そして、インターポーザ基板を不要とするためには、半導体基板から突出した貫通電極に接続する配線層を形成して、半導体装置の再配線化を行い、半導体装置の薄型化を図る方法が考えられる。しかしながら、その場合には、前記貫通電極と前記半導体基板との間の段差により、前記配線層に断線が生じ易くなるといった新たな課題が生じてしまう。
そこで、半導体基板上に樹脂層を設けることで前記の段差を小さくし、配線層の断線することに考え至り、本発明を完成させた。
また、第1の樹脂層が設けられていることで、半導体装置を基板上に実装した際に外部接続端子及び配線層に外力がかかった場合でも、前記第1の樹脂層が応力緩和層として機能し、配線層と貫通電極との接続部への力を緩和するようになる。よって、この接続部での接続信頼性が高いものとなる。
また、貫通電極に接続する外部接続端子を備えることで、インターポーザ基板を用いることなく半導体装置に再配置配線が形成されたものとなる。したがって、半導体装置は、インターポーザ基板が不要となり、更なる小型化、薄型化が図られたものとなる。
さらに、第2の樹脂層は、前記外部接続端子に接続する配線層を露出しているので、外部接続端子を形成する際に、前記第2の樹脂層を隔壁として利用できる。また、前記配線層を覆う第2の樹脂層を備えているので、配線層を保護することができる。そして、前記第2の樹脂層が前記第1の樹脂層より薄く形成されているので、第2の樹脂層の膜応力を小さくでき、半導体基板に生じる反りを緩和することができる。
このようにすれば、第1の樹脂層上に形成される第2の樹脂層の面積が小さくなり、半導体基板に生じる反りを更に小さくすることができる。
このようにすれば、半導体基板の裏面に第3の樹脂層を設けているので、半導体基板の能動面に形成した第1の樹脂層及び第2の樹脂層によって半導体基板に生じる反りを緩和することができる。また、前記第3の樹脂は少なくとも貫通電極の一部を露出しているので、前記裏面側の貫通電極に接続することで半導体装置を積層することができる。
このようにすれば、インターポーザ基板を不要にした半導体装置に、他の半導体層や電子部品を積層されているので、小型かつ高密度で高機能を有した半導体装置となる。
このようにすれば、前記半導体基板の裏面側に突出した貫通電極に接続する第2の配線層を有しているので、例えばこの第2の配線層を種々に配置させることで半導体装置上に実装可能な半導体装置、及び電子部品の選択の自由度を向上させることができる。
このようにすれば、樹脂層によって封止することで、半導体装置に実装された他の半導体装置、又は電子部品を確実に保持することができ、半導体装置の信頼性を向上することができる。
本発明の半導体装置の製造方法によれば、前記開口の高さが能動面側に突出した貫通電極と半導体基板との段差より低く形成されので、前記開口によって前記貫通電極と前記配線との間の断線を防止することができる。また、第1の樹脂層に設けられた開口がテーパ形状をなすので、配線層がテーパ形状に沿ってなめらかに第1の配線と接続することができる。よって、半導体基板と貫通電極との間に生じる凹凸によって、配線層の断線を防止することができる。
また、前記配線層に接続する外部接続端子を形成しているので、半導体装置を基板上に実装した際に外部接続端子に外力が加わった場合でも、第1の樹脂層が応力緩和層として機能するようになる。よって、配線層と貫通電極との接続部における接続信頼性を向上できる。
また、貫通電極に接続する外部接続端子を形成することで、インターポーザ基板を用いることなく、半導体装置に再配置配線を形成することができる。よって、インターポーザ基板が不要となり、半導体装置の小型化、薄型化を図ることができる。
さらに、第2の樹脂層は、前記外部接続端子に接続する配線層を露出しているので、外部接続端子を形成する際に、前記第2の樹脂層を隔壁として利用できる。また、前記配線層を覆う第2の樹脂層を備えているので、配線層を保護することができる。そして、前記第2の樹脂層が前記第1の樹脂層より薄く形成されているので、第2の樹脂層の膜応力を小さくでき、半導体基板に生じる反りを緩和することができる。
このようにすれば、1つの半導体ウエハ上に複数の半導体装置を形成した後、切断することで個片化した半導体装置を形成することができるので、半導体装置の生産性を向上することができる。
このようにすれば、前記第1の樹脂層が切断部分に形成されていないので、半導体装置を個片化する際の前記第1の樹脂層の剥離を防止することができる。
例えば、半導体基板に貫通孔を形成し、貫通電極を形成する場合、半導体基板が薄いと割れてしまうおそれがある。そこで、本発明を採用すれば、半導体基板に穴を形成した後、この穴に導電部を形成し、裏面側から半導体基板を薄くして貫通電極を形成しているので、貫通電極を備え、半導体基板の割れを防止した小型の半導体装置を得ることができる。
このようにすれば、前記半導体基板の裏面に形成した第3の樹脂層によって、前記能動面に形成した前記第1の樹脂層の膜応力を抑えることで、半導体基板及び半導体ウエハの反りを緩和することができる。
このようにすれば、前記貫通電極を少なくとも露出させる開口を形成しているので、前記貫通電極の形状が小さい場合でも、前記第3の樹脂層を形成する際の貫通電極に対するアライメントを容易にすることができる。また、第3の樹脂層を硬化させる際に、第3の樹脂層がダレることで第3の樹脂層と貫通電極とを接触させるようになる。よって、例えば半導体装置を積層する際に、貫通電極間に設けるろう材が垂れ下がった場合でも、前記第3の樹脂層によって半導体基板に直接接触しないため、ショートを防止できる。
このようにすれば、前記第3の樹脂を形成する際に、前記半導体装置とアライメントする必要がないので、製造工程を簡略化することが出来る。また、前述した場合と同様に、前記第3の樹脂層によって、半導体装置の積層時におけるショートを防止できる。
このようにすれば、前記第3の樹脂を形成する際に、前記半導体装置とアライメントする必要がないので、製造工程を簡略化することが出来る。また、前述した場合と同様に、前記第3の樹脂層によって、半導体装置の積層時におけるショートを防止できる。
本発明の回路基板によれば、インターポーザ基板を使用することなく回路基板に実装でき、再配線部での断線を防止し、薄型化及び高密度化が図られた半導体装置を備えているので、この半導体装置を備えた回路基板自体も小型で信頼性の高いものとなる。
本発明の電子機器によれば、前記小型で信頼性の高い回路基板を備えているので、この回路基板を備えた電子機器は小型で信頼性の高いものとなる。
まず、本発明の半導体装置について説明する。
図1は、本発明の半導体装置1を示す図である。図1に示すように、半導体装置1は、シリコンウエハを切断したシリコン基板からなる半導体基板10と、トランジスタやメモリ素子、その他の電子素子からなる集積回路(図示せず)が形成された前記半導体基板10の能動面10Aと、この能動面10Aの反対側の裏面10Bとを貫通する貫通電極12とを備えている。本実施形態における貫通電極30は、能動面側の端子部分の外形は、裏面側の端子部分の外形に比べて大きく、平面視円形状又は正方形状等に形成されたものである。また、前記半導体基板10には、前記貫通電極12を形成するための穴部12Hが形成されている。
前記穴部12Hには絶縁膜13が設けられており、前記貫通電極12と前記半導体基板10とを電気的に絶縁するようにしている。なお、以下の説明において、前記能動面10A側に突出した貫通電極12を第1電極部12Aとし、前記裏面10B側に突出した貫通電極12を第2電極部12Bとする。
そして、前記能動面10A側の前記半導体基板10上には、前記能動面10A側に突出した前記第1電極部12Aの高さよりも厚く(本実施形態では、20μm)、ポリイミド樹脂等の感光性樹脂からなる第1の樹脂層18が形成されている。
また、前記第2の樹脂層22は、後述する外部接続端子に接続する部分を露出させた状態となっている。そして、前記第2の樹脂層22から露出した配線層21上には、ハンダボール(外部接続端子)23が設けられている。なお、前記第2の樹脂層22は、ハンダボール23を形成する際の隔壁として利用できる程度の厚みに形成されていることがこのましい。
したがって、前記ハンダボール23及び前記配線層21によって、前記半導体基板10に設けられた貫通電極12に対して再配置配線を形成することで、半導体装置1の実装性を向上させるようになっている。
まず、図2に示すように、シリコンウエハからなる半導体基板10の能動面10A上に下地層11を形成し、その下地層11上に電極15を形成する。ここで、半導体基板10の前記能動面10A上には、例えばトランジスタ、メモリ素子、その他の電子素子を含む集積回路(不図示)が形成されている。前記下地層11は絶縁層であって、シリコン(Si)の酸化膜(SiO2)からなっている。前記電極15は、チタン(Ti)、窒化チタン(TiN)、アルミニウム(Al)、銅(Cu)等によって形成されていて、前記集積回路と電気的に接続する。そして、下地層11及び電極15を覆うように、第1絶縁層14を形成する。
そして、エッチング処理を行い、電極15を覆う第1絶縁層14の一部を除去して、開口部を形成する。次に、前記開口部を形成した第1絶縁層14上のフォトレジストをマスクとして、ドライエッチングを行うことで、電極15を貫通し、下地層11、及び半導体基板10の一部が除去される。これにより、図3に示すように、半導体基板10の能動面10A側の一部に穴部12Hを形成できる。
なお、本実施形態における貫通電極12を形成する工程には、TiN、Cuをスパッタ法で形成(積層)する工程と、Cuをめっき法で形成する工程とが含まれる。また、TiW、Cuをスパッタ法で形成(積層)する工程と、Cuをめっき法で形成する工程とが含まれたものであってもよい。また、貫通電極12の形成方法としては、上述した方法に限らず、導電ペースト、溶融金属、金属ワイヤ等を埋め込んでもよい。
次に、図6に示すように、前記半導体基板10の能動面10Aには、この能動面10A側に突出した前記第1電極部12Aの高さより厚い、20μmの厚みの第1の樹脂層18を形成する。このとき、前記第1の樹脂層18は、後述するシリコンウエハ(半導体基板10)の切断部分に重ならないように形成することが好ましい。このようにすれば、シリコンウエハを切断して半導体装置1を個片化する際に、前記第1の樹脂層18が切断され、剥離することを防止できる。
このようにして、前記半導体基板10上に第1の樹脂層18を形成できる。
次に、図7に示すように、前記開口18Hを介して前記第1電極部12Aに接続する配線層21を前記第1の樹脂層18上に形成する。
前記配線層21は、銅(Cu)、クロム(Cr)、チタン(Ti)、ニッケル(Ni)、チタンタングステン(TiW)、金(Au)、銀(Ag)、アルミニウム(Al)、ニッケルバナジウム(NiV)、タングステン(W)、窒化チタン(TiN)、Pd(パラジウム)のうち少なくとも1つを含む材料で形成されており、例えばスパッタ法により形成される。また、これらの材料のうち少なくとも2つの材料を積層することで配線層21を形成してもよい。本実施形態における配線層21を形成する工程には、TiW、Cuの順にスパッタ法により形成し、Cuをメッキする工程が含まれる。また、液滴吐出法を用いて、導電材料を吐出して焼成させることで、前記配線層21を形成してもよい。
このようにして、前記開口18Hを介して、前記第1電極部12Aに接続する配線層21が形成できる。
次に、図8に示すように、前記第1の樹脂18上に、前記配線層21の厚み(20μm未満)よりも厚く、前記第1の樹脂層18よりも薄い第2の樹脂層22を形成する。なお、前記第2の樹脂層22の材料としては、前記第1の樹脂層18と同じ材料を用いることができる。
前記第2の樹脂層22の形成方法としては、例えば前記第1の樹脂層18の全面を覆うようにして、前記第1の樹脂層18上に塗布する。このとき、例えば前記第2の樹脂層22として感光性樹脂を用いる。よって、露光マスクを用いて、露光し現像を行うことで、後述するハンダボール23を接続する部分のみを現像することで除去し、前記配線層21の一部を露出させた状態に形成する。また、液滴吐出法を用いることで、所望の位置に樹脂を吐出することで、前記ハンダボール23の接続部を露出させた第2の樹脂層22を形成するようにしてもよい。
次に、図9に示すように、紫外光(UV光)の照射により剥離可能な接着剤28で、前記半導体基板10の能動面10A側にガラス板200を貼り付ける。このガラス板200はWSS(Wafer SupportSystem)と呼ばれるものの一部であって、半導体基板(シリコンウエハ)10はガラス板200に支持された状態となる。そして、半導体基板(シリコンウエハ)10をガラス板200を貼り付けた状態で、半導体基板10のに対して研削処理、ドライエッチング処理、あるいはウエットエッチング処理等の所定の薄型加工が施される。また、これらの処理を併用してもよい。
これにより、図10に示すように、半導体基板10が薄くされるとともに、貫通電極12の一端部が、裏面側10B側より露出することで、第2電極部12Bとなる。このとき、前記第2電極部12Bの側面部は、絶縁層13によって一部が覆われた状態となっている。
次に、図11に示すように、前記半導体基板10の裏面10Bに、少なくとも前記貫通電極12の第2電極部12Bの端面を露出させる第3の樹脂層24を形成する。なお、前記第2電極部12Bの端面の露出は、例えば前記第2電極部12B上にろう材などを介して半導体チップなどを実装する場合に、前記半導体チップの端子と前記第2電極部12Bとが、導通できる程度の露出となっている。
第1の方法としては、例えばポリイミド樹脂などの感光性樹脂材料を用いて前記半導体基板10の裏面10Bに塗布した後、露光マスクを用いて、露光し、さらに現像することで、裏面10B側に突出した第2電極部12Bの外径より大きい開口を形成する。よって、前記貫通電極12の形状が小さい場合でも、前記第3の樹脂層24を形成する際の貫通電極12に対するアライメントを容易にすることができる。
そして、この感光性樹脂を熱硬化させる際の樹脂ダレを利用することで、前記貫通電極12と前記感光性樹脂とを密着させる。このようにして、第3の樹脂層24は、前記貫通電極12を貫通させた状態に形成されたものとなる。
このとき、スピンコート法によって塗布する樹脂の膜厚を前記裏面10Bから突出する第2電極部12Bを僅かに覆うようにして形成することが好ましい。このようにすれば、プラズマ処理によって除去する樹脂の量が少なくなり、プラズマ処理を行う時間を短くすることができる。
また、前記第3の樹脂24を形成する際して、スピンコート法を用いているので、前記半導体基板10に対して正確なアライメントを行う必要がなく、前記第3の樹脂層24の製造工程を簡略化することができる。
このようにして、第3の樹脂層24は、前記貫通電極12によって貫通された状態に形成される。
同様に、前記半導体基板10に対して正確なアライメントを行う必要がないので、前記第3の樹脂層24の製造工程を簡略化することができる。
このとき、モールドした樹脂35による残留応力が生じにくいように、樹脂35は低応力樹脂を用いることが好ましい。このようにすることで、積層された半導体装置が樹脂で覆われるため、特に耐湿度信頼性を向上させることができ、この積層部を備える半導体装置1の信頼性を向上できる。
また、貫通電極12に接続するハンダボール23を形成することで、半導体装置1に再配置配線を形成することができ、インターポーザ基板を不要にすることができる。よって、インターポーザ基板がなくなることで、半導体装置1の小型化を図ることができる。
また、インターポーザ基板を不要にした半導体装置1上に電子部品60を実装しているので、小型で高機能を有した半導体装置1を得る事ができる。
また、本実施形態では、シリコンウエハ100上に半導体装置1を同時に一括して形成する場合について説明したが、半導体装置1を半導体基板10上に個々に形成し、この半導体装置1上に他の半導体部品60を積層するようにしてもよい。
このように、第2電極部12Bに接続する第2の配線層27を有しているので、この第2の配線層を種々に配置させることで、この半導体装置1上に実装できる異種の半導体装置、及び電子部品80の端子の配置形状や配置する位置等を決定する自由度を向上できる。
なお、前記第2の配線層27を形成する際に、インダクタ、抵抗、キャパシタ等を形成するようにしてもよい。また、前記第2電極部12Bには、弾性表面波素子、水晶振動子、圧電振動子、圧電音叉等の電子素子を接続するようにしてもよい。
そして、この電気パッドに半導体装置1のハンダボール23が電気的に接続されることにより、前記積層体2は回路基板150上に実装されている。
また、再配置配線での断線を防止し、小型化及び薄型化が図られた半導体装置1を備えているので、この半導体装置1を含む積層体2を備えた回路基板150自体も小型で信頼性が高いものとなる。
本発明の携帯電話300によれば、前述した小型で信頼性の高い回路基板150を備えているので、この回路基板150を備えた電子機器自体も小型で信頼性が高いものとなる。
なお、電子機器は、前記携帯電話300に限られる訳ではなく、種々の電子機器に適用することができる。例えば、液晶プロジェクタ、マルチメディア対応のパーソナルコンピュータ(PC)及びエンジニアリング・ワークステーション(EWS)、ページャ、ワードプロセッサ、テレビ、ビューファインダ型又はモニタ直視型のビデオテープレコーダ、電子手帳、電子卓上計算機、カーナビゲーション装置、POS端末、タッチパネルを備えた装置等の電子機器に適用することが可能である。
Claims (6)
- 半導体基板と、該半導体基板を貫通し、集積回路が形成された半導体基板の能動面、及びその裏面から突出する貫通電極と、を備えた半導体装置において、
前記半導体基板の能動面側に設けられ、かつ前記能動面側に突出した貫通電極の高さよりも厚く、該貫通電極の少なくとも一部を露出し、前記貫通電極に向かって内径が狭められるテーパ状の開口を有した第1の樹脂層と、
該第1の樹脂層上に設けられ、かつ前記開口を介して前記貫通電極の上面に接続する配線層と、
該配線層に接続する外部接続端子と、
前記配線層の厚みよりも厚く、かつ前記第1の樹脂層よりも薄く、前記第1の樹脂上にて前記配線層の前記外部接続端子に接続する部分を露出させた状態に設けられる第2の樹脂層とを備え、
前記第1の樹脂層は、前記開口の高さが前記半導体基板と前記貫通電極との間に生じる段差より低くなる膜厚に設定されることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記半導体基板の裏面には、少なくとも前記貫通電極の端面を露出させる第3の樹脂層が設けられており、
前記半導体基板の裏面側に突出した前記貫通電極に接続し、前記半導体基板の中央部に向かって形成される第2の配線層を有し、該第2の配線層に他の半導体装置、又は電子部品が接続されてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 半導体基板に、集積回路が形成された前記半導体基板の能動面側、及びその裏面側に突出する貫通電極を形成する工程と、
前記能動面側に突出した貫通電極の高さより厚く、かつ前記貫通電極の少なくとも一部を露出し、前記貫通電極に向かって内径が狭められるテーパ状の開口を有する第1の樹脂層を形成する工程と、
前記開口を介して前記貫通電極の上面に接続する配線層を形成する工程と、前記配線層に接続する外部接続端子を形成する工程と、前記配線層の厚みよりも厚く、かつ前記第1の樹脂層よりも薄く、前記配線層の前記外部接続端子に接続する部分を露出させる第2の樹脂層を前記第1の樹脂層上に形成する工程とを備えており、
前記第1の樹脂層の形成工程では、該第1の樹脂層の膜厚が前記開口の高さが前記半導体基板と前記貫通電極との間に生じる段差より低くなる膜厚に設定されることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記半導体基板の裏面に、少なくとも前記貫通電極を露出させる第3の樹脂層を形成する工程と、
前記半導体基板の裏面側に突出した前記貫通電極に接続し、前記半導体基板の中央部に向かう第2の配線層を形成する工程と、
該第2の配線層に他の半導体装置、又は電子部品を接続する工程と、を備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置を備えたことを特徴とする回路基板。
- 請求項5に記載の回路基板を備えたことを特徴とする電子機器。
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US11/305,471 US7528476B2 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-16 | Semiconductor device, method for manufacturing semiconductor device, circuit board, and electronic instrument |
KR1020050124585A KR100682158B1 (ko) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-16 | 반도체 장치, 반도체 장치의 제조 방법, 회로 기판 및전자기기 |
CNB2005101377203A CN100428465C (zh) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-19 | 半导体装置及其制造方法、电路基板、以及电子仪器 |
TW094145139A TWI293206B (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-19 | Semiconductor device, method for manufacturing semiconductor device, circuit board, and electronic instrument |
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US20060131721A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
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