JP3090949B2 - 止血を併せて行う二極式電気外科用切断装置 - Google Patents

止血を併せて行う二極式電気外科用切断装置

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Publication number
JP3090949B2
JP3090949B2 JP05500642A JP50064293A JP3090949B2 JP 3090949 B2 JP3090949 B2 JP 3090949B2 JP 05500642 A JP05500642 A JP 05500642A JP 50064293 A JP50064293 A JP 50064293A JP 3090949 B2 JP3090949 B2 JP 3090949B2
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Prior art keywords
shearing
cutting blade
layer
electrode
cutting
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JPH07507417A (ja
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イー. イガーズ,フィリップ
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バイタル メディカル プロダクツ コーポレイション
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B18/1445Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0005Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
    • G02B6/001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted along at least a portion of the lateral surface of the fibre
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0096Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the lights guides being of the hollow type
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    • A61B17/225Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [ESWL], e.g. by using ultrasonic waves
    • A61B17/2256Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [ESWL], e.g. by using ultrasonic waves with means for locating or checking the concrement, e.g. X-ray apparatus, imaging means
    • A61B17/2258Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [ESWL], e.g. by using ultrasonic waves with means for locating or checking the concrement, e.g. X-ray apparatus, imaging means integrated in a central portion of the shock wave apparatus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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    • A61B18/1815Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00107Coatings on the energy applicator
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00107Coatings on the energy applicator
    • A61B2018/00119Coatings on the energy applicator with metal oxide nitride
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/0066Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control
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    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • A61B2018/1213Generators therefor creating an arc
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • A61B2018/1246Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity
    • A61B2018/126Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity bipolar
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1412Blade
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1412Blade
    • A61B2018/1415Blade multiple blades
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B2018/146Scissors
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    • A61B2018/1861Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument inserted into a body lumen or cavity, e.g. a catheter
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    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/033Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin
    • A61B2090/034Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin abutting on parts of the device itself

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は止血を併せて行う向上した電気外科用器具に
関する。詳しくは、組織の切断および止血を行うため
の、向上した二極式電気外科用器具に関する。
発明の背景 手術において、手術時間の大部分は出血の制御に費や
される。特に、組織を切開または切断するとき起こる出
血により、執刀医が部位をはっきりと見ることができな
い、手術が長引く、また切断の精度が悪くなるなどの問
題が起こり得る。手術中の出血により輸血が必要となる
ため、患者に危害を及ぼす危険度が増大する。
切開手術の前、手術中、および手術後の切開される組
織からの出血を減らすための、止血を併せて行う外科手
術がいくつか知られている。このような方法の1つで
は、加熱要素を用いて切断される組織に熱を伝達し、こ
れによってコラーゲンを改質する。器具から組織に伝達
された熱により、コラーゲンの薄い膜が形成され、これ
が切断された血管および毛細管を密閉して出血を減ら
す。局所的に熱を加えることにより、回復が遅れる原因
となり得る組織の壊死または損傷が少なくてすむ。
患者の組織の両側に2本の電極を置いてこの間に高周
波すなわちラジオ周波電流を通して組織の切断および止
血の両方を行う電気外科方法もまた知られている。組織
に電流を通すことにより、電流密度および電流が通る組
織の抵抗の関数として、組織にジュール(オーミック)
熱が与えられる。このような加熱により組織のタンパク
質が変性して血塊が形成され、出血部位が密閉される 単極性電気外科用器具は、執刀医が手に持つ取っ手の
端部の小さな電極と、患者の下に患者に接触させて配置
する大きな電極プレートとを使用する。電気回路を構成
するのに必要な2つの電極の一方のみが執刀医によって
操作され、手術が行われている組織の上またはその近く
に置かれる。他方の電極は患者の下の大きなプレートで
ある。電気外科用電源により、これら2つの電極間に数
千ボルトの高周波電圧スパイクが印加され、これによ
り、執刀医が保持する小さな操作電極から最も近くの組
織へ、次に患者の体を通って患者の下の大きな電極プレ
ートへ至るアークが生成される。電流は患者の体内では
熱に変換される。電流が最も集中する、手に持った小さ
な電極の直下の組織が最も熱くなる。
この単極性電気焼灼法の主な欠点は、電流が完全に患
者の体を突き抜けることである。これら高周波電流は小
さな電極から近くの標的ではない生体組織にアークを生
成、または患者の体内を流れるとき迷走路を通ることも
あり得るため、電極の近くおよびある程度離れた位置の
組織に損傷を与え得る。
単極性電気外科装置の別の欠点は、組織の炭化など、
高電圧のアークによって過度の組織損傷が引き起こさ
れ、傷の回復が難しくなることである。さらに、単極性
装置では通常、煙が発生し部位がはっきり見えなくなる
ため、煙を手術部位から除去する必要が生じる。
二極式電気外科装置では、2つの電極は接近して配置
され、組織と接触する表面積は同じである。従って、電
流は、電極間に置かれこれらと電気的に接続する組織の
みに局所的に流れる。
従来の電気外科用装置では、患者の組織を通る電流を
制御して、隣接する組織まで加熱して望ましくない外傷
を引き起こさずに局所領域の止血を行うことが困難であ
る。二極式電気外科用装置を導入することにより電流を
局所的に流すことができるが、従来の二極式電気外科用
装置では、電流を選択的に印加することは困難である。
例えば、Hildebrandtらの米国特許第3,651,811号およ
びソビエト連邦特許第575,103号には、活性電極を形成
する対向する切断刃を有する二極式電気外科用はさみが
記載されている。これらの装置では、執刀医は、組織内
の血管を連続的に凝血させ、次にこの組織をはさみの刃
によって機械的に切断することが可能である。しかし、
これらの装置では、組織内の止血を行い次に組織を切断
する別々の工程の間、執刀医は電極への電力供給を周期
的に行う必要があるのは明かである。特に、これらの従
来技術では、執刀医は先ず電極に通電してから組織を把
持して止血を行う。組織内の血管が凝血すると、電極へ
の通電は停止され、はさみの刃を完全に閉じてから組織
を機械的に切断する。次の切断を行うためには、はさみ
を再配置し、再びはさみへの通電を周期的に行って組織
の凝血を行う。通電中に刃が互いに接触すると電源が短
絡または損傷し得るため、これらの装置のいずれも電極
を連続して通電状態に維持することはできないようにみ
える。
従って、従来の止血を併せて行う二極式電気外科用切
断装置の主な欠点は、電流を選択的に供給して、組織内
のある部位を止血すると同時に、止血のためにすでに加
熱された組織を切断するという課題についての認識もな
ければこれを解決してもいないことである。従って、電
極を短絡させずに、また組織を止血するための電流供給
を妨げずに、電流供給位置が切断点に先行するようにこ
れを自動的および連続的に調整する、二極式電気外科用
器具を提供することが望まれる。
従来の二極式電気外科用装置の別の欠点は、電極表面
に血塊が堆積し易いことである。このような堆積は装置
の切断能力を低下させ、組織が装置に固着する原因とな
り、また手術部位で装置を操作する執刀医の腕を鈍らせ
る。
また、従来の二極式電気外科用装置は、電極の近くで
電流の漏洩が起こり易いという欠点がある。これは同様
に、電気外科用器具の非活性表面に血塊が堆積する結果
となり得る。
従って、器具の表面に血塊が堆積するのを押え、これ
によって手術部位での器具の操作性を向上させ、また隣
接する組織に外傷が生じるのを押さえる、電気外科用器
具を提供することが望まれる。
現時点では、平坦な組織領域の切断および止血を行う
ための二極式電気外科用器具で、上述の問題を認識また
はこれらを解決しているものはない。組織内の止血を行
うと同時にこの組織を切断するための、止血を併せて行
う向上した電気外科用はさみ型装置は以前として必要と
されている。
発明の要旨 従って、本発明の目的は、組織の止血を行うと同時
に、はさみ部材の切断刃部に沿って前進する切断点で連
続して機械的に組織を切断する、二極式電気外科用はさ
み型切断器具を提供することである。
本発明の他の目的は、執刀医が、組織の止血を行う工
程および組織を機械的に切断する工程の間、はさみ部材
の電極を導電および非導電にする必要のない、電気外科
用はさみ型切断器具を提供することである。従って、本
発明の原理に従って形成される器具は、切断の間に電極
が短絡する可能性が低減され、これにより、止血を行い
ながら連続的に組織を切断することが可能となる。この
結果、断続的で非連続的な方法で個別の組織部位の止血
および切断を行う従来の装置に比べて、より円滑で精度
の高い切断を行う器具が得られる。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、器具の作動および非差動
表面への血塊の堆積および組織の固着を低減する、止血
を併せて行う向上した電気外科用はさみ型切断器具を提
供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、電気外科用器具を用いて
止血を行いながら組織を切断することにより、執刀医が
電気外科用器具を連続的に使用するために必要とされる
工程数を低減する方法を提供することである。
本発明の他の目的は、器具の表面への血塊の堆積およ
び組織の固着を低減する電気外科用器具を使用する方法
を提供することである。
上記のおよび他の目的は本発明の原理に従って、二極
式電気外科用はさみ型器具を提供することによって達成
される。この器具において、各はさみ部材は、組織の止
血を行うための電極と、組織を機械的に切断するための
剪断表面とを備えている。器具を操作している間、はさ
み部材の電気活性部分はいかなる地点でも互いに接触し
ないように、はさみの少なくとも一方の剪断表面には絶
縁材料よりなる層が配備される。従って、電流ははさみ
部材間を組織を通って流れるが、止血を停止させるよう
な短絡は起こらない。この配置によれば、止血と切断と
は、はさみの刃部間に置かれる組織に沿って連続的に行
われる。
特に、本発明により形成される電気外科用器具は、第
1および第2はさみ部材を有するはさみ型器具を含む。
各はさみ部材は、刃型部分すなわち剪断表面を有する剪
断部材と切断刃部と外側表面とを備える。第1および第
2はさみ部材は、各々の剪断表面が従来のはさみ状の切
断動作においてある移動領域にわたって移動するよう
に、連結手段によって連結される。周知のように、この
切断動作は、移動領域にわたって各々の剪断部材の切断
刃部に沿って移動する切断点を定義する。本発明の器具
は、各剪断部材に配備された、高周波電流を供給する電
源に接続された電極をさらに含む。各剪断部材の電極が
移動領域では互いに接触しないように、電極間には電気
絶縁材料が配備される。絶縁材料は、電流が切断点から
離れた各剪断部材の電極間は通るが剪断表面間は通らな
いように配備される。
本発明の第1の実施態様では、第1および第2剪断部
材は、各々第1および第2電極を含むように、導電性材
料により形成される。剪断表面の少なくとも一方には電
気絶縁材料よりなる第1の層が配備され、これによりこ
の剪断部材の切断刃部および剪断表面が形成される。こ
れらの実施態様では、剪断部材が連結手段によって電気
的に絶縁されるように、連結手段は電気絶縁材料を含
む。絶縁材料よりなる第1の層は、剪断表面の一方に配
備される場合でも両方に配置される場合でも、全体の厚
さは0.050mm〜1.270mm(0.002〜0.050インチ)の範囲、
好ましくは0.076〜0.178mm(0.003〜0.007インチ)の範
囲である。
本発明の利点をさらに得るために、第1の実施態様の
器具の各々は以下のものを1つ以上含み得る。すなわ
ち、剪断部材の外側表面の一方または両方に導電性およ
び熱伝導性が高い材料よりなる層、切断刃部に近接する
領域以外の剪断部材の外側表面に配備される絶縁材料よ
りなる第2の層、および組織と接触する器具の最外部に
配備される粘着防止材料よりなる層である。これらの層
により、はさみの非作動表面への血塊の堆積が低減し、
これにより隣接する組織の固着および組織への外傷が低
減する。また、器具の操作性および執刀医の視界が向上
するため、切断の精度が高くなる。
剪断表面の一方に第1の硬度を有する第1の層、およ
び他方の剪断表面に第2の異なる硬度を有する第2の層
を形成することによって、自らを先鋭化する特性を得る
ことができる。剪断表面の一方に他方より硬い材料を使
用すると、2〜3回の操作サイクル後には整合の優れた
切断刃部が得られ、繰り返し使用しても切断刃部は先鋭
に維持される。
本発明の第2の実施態様では、第1および第2の剪断
部材は非導電性材料によって形成され、電極は各剪断部
材の外側表面に配備される導電性材料よりなる層を含
む。この配置では、電気絶縁材料が剪断部材を構成す
る。各々の剪断部材の導電層は、切断点が移動領域にわ
たって移動するとき、切断点で0.050mm〜1.270mm(0.00
2〜0.050インチ)、好ましくは0.076〜0.178mm(0.003
〜0.007インチ)の範囲の距離だけ離れている。各剪断
部材の導電性材料よりなる層は、導電性および熱伝導性
が高い材料よりなる内部層と、導電性および熱伝導性が
高く耐酸化性の材料よりなる外部層とを含み得、該外部
層が該内部層の上に重ねられ電気接触している。
本発明の第2の実施態様の器具の各変形例では、導電
層を覆う粘着層、および各剪断部材の切断刃部に近接す
る領域以外の導電層をすべて覆う電気絶縁材料よりなる
層を含み得る。
本発明はまた、組織の止血を行うと同時にこの組織を
連続して機械的に切断し、しかも顕著な血塊の堆積また
は固着を起こさない、二極式電気外科用器具を使用する
方法を含む。この方法は以下の工程を包含する。
(a)各々が剪断表面と切断刃部と電極とを備えた第1
および第2剪断部材を配備する工程。剪断部材は、剪断
表面がある移動領域にわたって切断刃部に沿って移動す
る切断点を定義するはさみ状の動作においてその移動領
域にわたって対向して移動するように互いに連結され
る。
(b)電極を電源に接続する工程。
(c)電源においてほぼ定電圧レベルの出力を選択およ
びこれを維持する工程。この電圧レベルの出力は電源に
接続される負荷のインピーダンスに左右されない。
(d)第1および第2電極が上記の移動領域において互
いに接触しないように、これら電極間に電気絶縁材料を
配備する工程。
(e)高周波電流が電極間を切断点から離れた組織を通
って流れるが、剪断表面間は流れないように、電極を切
断される組織と電気接触状態で配置する工程。および、 (f)第1および第2剪断部材を上記移動領域にわたっ
て移動させ、これにより電流を切断点から離れた領域の
組織に通すことで、組織の止血と切断点での組織の切断
とを同時に行う工程。
本発明の方法は、本発明を用いるための適切な電圧お
よび電流範囲を選択する工程を包含する。本方法は、1
に近い波高率すなわちピーク電圧対二乗平均(RMS)電
圧の比率を有する交流電圧波形を使用することをさらに
包含する。
図面の簡単な説明 本発明の上記および他の目的および利点は、添付の図
面を参照して以下の詳細な説明を考慮すれば明かであ
る。図面において、類似の参照番号は類似の構成部分を
示す。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施態様の典型的な例により
形成されるはさみの斜視図である。
図2は、剪断部材間に組織を挟んだ状態の、図1のは
さみの側面図である。
図3は、図2のライン3−3に沿った断面図である。
図4〜図8は、本発明の様々な変形実施態様のため
の、図2に類似した断面図である。
発明の詳細な説明 図1〜図3は、患者の組織100の止血および剪断を同
時に行うための二極式電気外科用はさみ10を示す。はさ
み10は、留め具40によって旋回可能に連結された第1は
さみ部20と第2はさみ部30とを備えている。本発明によ
り形成される第1の実施態様では、はさみ部20は導電性
材料により形成され、一方の端部に第1剪断部材21を有
する。剪断部材21は、剪断表面22と切断刃部23と外側表
面24とを含む第1の電極を形成する。はさみ部20は他方
の端部に、好ましくは、はさみ部20を操作するための親
指孔または指孔を備えた形状の支持部材25と、電極をケ
ーブル27を介して既知の定常電圧源10に接続させる電気
接続部26とを備えている。はさみ部30も同様に導電性材
料よりなり、一方の端部に剪断部材31を有する。剪断部
材31は、剪断表面32と切断刃部33と外側表面34とを含む
第2の電極を形成する。はさみ部30は他方の端部に、好
ましくは、はさみ部30を操作するための親指孔または指
孔を備えた形状の支持部材35と、ケーブル37を介して電
源110に接続する電気接続部36とを備えている。
電源110は、選択可能な出力レベルでほぼ定電圧を有
する高周波電圧源であり得る。このような装置は、例え
ば、米国特許第4,092,986号および第4,969,885号に記載
されている。本発明と共に使用される電源は、好ましく
は、ユーザーの選択したレベルでほぼ一定であり、電極
による電気抵抗には左右されない出力電圧レベルを供給
する。
はさみの作業表面に血塊が堆積するのを低減するため
に、出願人は、負荷インピーダンス、低い電源インピー
ダンス、および1に近い波高率すなわちピーク電圧対RM
S電圧の比率を有する交流電圧波形に左右されないほぼ
定電圧の出力を供給する電源を開発した。このような電
源によって通電されると、本発明は、組織にアークまた
は炭化を発生させずに、また血塊の堆積もほとんどな
く、止血をきわめて良好に行うことが観察されている。
はさみ部20および30は好ましくは、はさみ状の先鋭な
切断刃部23および33を保持し得る、ステンレススチール
またはマルテンサイトステンレススチールなどの硬質の
構造材料により形成される。もしくは、銅または銅合金
などの、導電性および熱伝導性が高く、また組織を剪断
するのに十分な構造的強度を有する材料を使用し得る。
はさみ部20および30は留め具40によって旋回可能に対向
して連結され、これにより剪断部材の剪断表面22および
32と切断刃部23および33とは、ある移動領域にわたって
はさみ状に対向して移動し、間に挟んだ組織100を切断
する。
留め具40は例えば、旋回点ではさみ部20および30を電
気的に絶縁するネジまたはリベットであり得る。留め具
は、例えばポリアミドまたはナイロンなどの絶縁材料に
より形成され得る。もしくは、留め具40は、ナイロン製
ブッシングによってはさみ部20および30の一方または両
方から絶縁されるステンレススチール製のネジなどの、
非絶縁材料と絶縁材料との組み合せで有り得る。
はさみ支持部材25および35は、これら支持部材を互い
からおよびはさみ10を使用している執刀医から電気的に
絶縁するために領域L1に絶縁コーティング11を有する。
絶縁コーティング11は塩化ビニル、ナイロン、または他
のプラスチック絶縁材料を含み得、はさみ10の、組織を
切断するために使用されない領域に塗布され得る。
図3に示すように、剪断部材の剪断表面22および32以
外の、各々の外側表面24および34は、例えば銀または銅
などの、導電性および熱伝導性が高い材料よりなるコー
ティング12を有し得る。コーティング12は外側表面24お
よび34と、剪断部材21および31が互いに相対移動すると
きこれら表面と接触する組織との間を良好に電気接触さ
せる。
コーティング12は、コーティングの熱伝導表面領域を
通して熱を放散させることによって、剪断部材21および
31の外側表面24および34の局所的な加熱を押さえる。コ
ーティング12はまた、剪断部材21および31でジュール熱
が発生する可能性を減らす。これは局所的な電流がコー
ティング12全体にわたって再分配されるためである。こ
の結果、コーティング12は、使用中に、血液および組織
が熱により変質するのをならびにこれらがはさみ10の外
側表面24および34に固着するのを押さえる。
剪断表面22および32の各々には、電気絶縁材料よりな
る薄膜コーティング13が形成され、少なくとも、はさみ
部20および30の全移動領域内で互いに接触し得る限りの
剪断表面を覆う。絶縁コーティング13は切断刃部23およ
び33を覆うため、切断刃部は電気的に不活性であり非導
電性である。
図4に示すように、1つの変形実施態様では、絶縁コ
ーティング13は剪断部材31の剪断表面32にのみ設けられ
る。他方の剪断表面21および切断刃部23は電気的に活性
すなわち導電性である。この実施態様では、はさみ部20
および30間の電気絶縁は単一層の絶縁材料によって行わ
れる。
絶縁コーティング13によって、二極式電極を形成する
はさみ部が互いに相対移動すると、電流は剪断部材21の
外側表面24と剪断部材31の外側表面34との間を流れる
が、はさみ部20および30が互いに電気接触することはな
い。この構成によって、切断刃部は、短絡を生じさせる
ことなく互いに接触して組織を切断することができ、こ
れにより組織を通る血管を同時に凝血させることができ
る。はさみ部が互いに近接して閉じるとき、コーティン
グ13により対向する剪断表面22および32間を電流が直接
流れるのが実質的に防止される。電流は電極間の最も抵
抗が小さい通路、すなわち、剪断部材の外側表面24およ
び34の各々の領域28および38と直接接触する組織を通っ
て流れる。例えば、はさみ10は、より硬いコーティング
を塗布することによって得られる自己先鋭化特性がなけ
れば繰り返しの使用によって切断刃部の鋭度を保持し得
ない材料によっても製造され得る。この特性ははさみ10
を使い捨て用として構成するとき、または剪断部材21お
よび31を各支持部材25および35(図示せず)から取り外
して使い捨てとするとき特に有利である。
絶縁性コーティング13は、0.050mm〜約1.270mm(0.00
2〜0.050インチ)の範囲、好ましくは0.076〜0.178mm
(0.003〜0.007インチ)の範囲の厚さを有する層として
堆積される。絶縁層13の厚さが0.025mm(0.001インチ)
以下では電極の短絡を防ぐには不十分であることが分か
った。0.050mm(0.002インチ)より厚く1.270mm(0.050
インチ)より薄い絶縁層により十分な止血が得られる。
しかし、電流が組織を流れる領域では、対向する電極の
近位の通電部分間の最小距離が大きいほど、組織を通る
電流路は長くなり、また所望の程度の止血を得るのが困
難になることが観察されている。上述のセラミック絶縁
材料では、1.270mm(0.050インチ)を超える絶縁層の厚
さはほとんどの適用にとって大きすぎると考えられる。
図1のはさみの別の実施態様を図5に示す。このはさ
みは、図3に関連して述べたものと同じ方法で形成され
るが、コーティング12上に粘着防止材料よりなるコーテ
ィング14が形成されている。コーティング14を構成する
粘着防止材料は、高周波電流を貫通させ得、血液および
組織が剪断部材の外側表面24および34に固着および堆積
するのをさらに低減させる。コーティング14のための適
切な粘着防止材料としては過フッ化炭化水素材料、導電
体を充填した過フッ化炭化水素コーティング、または厚
さが約0.0051mm(0.0002インチ)より小さい(しかし電
気絶縁性であり得る)薄膜の過フッ化炭化水素コーティ
ング、例えば、デュポン社から市販されているVyolex 1
0002がある。
図6は、本発明の二極式電気外科用器具のさらに別の
実施態様を示す。この実施態様は、剪断部材21および31
の外側表面24および34には粘着防止材料よりなるコーテ
ィング14のみが形成され、電気絶縁コーティング12は塗
布されない点を除いては、図4の実施態様と同様であ
る。
図7は、本発明の別の変形実施態様を示す。この実施
態様は図4に関連して述べたものと実質的に同じであ
る。しかし、この実施態様は以下の点で異なる。すなわ
ち、図4の実施態様の導電性コーティング12の代わり
に、剪断部材21および31の外側表面24および34に電気絶
縁層15が形成される。層15は切断刃部23および33に直接
隣接する領域28および38には形成されない。絶縁層15
は、切断刃部23および33に隣接した領域28および38を介
する以外に電流が組織に流れるのを妨げる。従って、組
織の加熱は剪断領域内のおよびこれに先行する領域に局
所化されるため、剪断部材21および31の外側表面の絶縁
層15によって覆われる部分に近接する組織にジュール熱
が発生するのを低減する。絶縁層15に使用される適切な
材料としては、酸化アルミニウム、過フッ化炭化水素、
ポリアミド、およびシリコーンをベースにしたコーティ
ングがある。
図8は、本発明により形成される第2の実施態様の1
つの実施例である。類似した構成部品は類似した参照番
号で示す。本実施態様は外観は図1のはさみに類似する
が、対向する剪断部材21′および31′は電気絶縁材料、
例えば、酸化ジルコニウムまたは酸化アルミニウムをベ
ースとしたセラミックなどのセラミック材料により形成
される。部材21′および31′の外側表面、すなわち剪断
表面22′および32′ならびに切断刃部23′および33′以
外の部分は、導電性および熱伝導性が高い材料、すなわ
ち銅、銀、またはニッケルを含むコーティング16を有す
る。このように、コーティング16によって、剪断部材2
1′および31′の外側表面24′および34′に塗布された
コーティング16間に挟まれた組織を通って高周波電流を
伝導させるための対向する電極が提供される。この実施
態様では、コーティング16は、切断刃部23′および33′
に最も近い電流路部分が0.050mm〜1.270mm(0.002〜0.0
50インチ)、より好ましくは0.076〜0.178mm(0.003〜
0.007インチ)より離れるように、剪断部材21′および3
1′の外側表面のほとんどを覆う。図8の実施態様の構
成では、剪断部材21′および31′により電極間に所望の
絶縁材料が提供される。
実施例 図1〜図3および図4に示す実施態様のはさみは、マ
ルテンサイトステンレススチール材料(グレードAISI 4
20)により形成されている。はさみ部20および30は公称
で長さ177.8mm(7インチ)、留め具40から先の長さは3
8.1mm(1.5インチ)とした。剪断部材21および31は幅2.
5〜7.6mm(0.1〜0.3インチ)および厚さ1.78〜2.54mm
(0.07〜0.10インチ)で、寸法はピボットから遠いほど
小さい。剪断部材31の剪断表面32にはプラズマ溶射アル
ミナによって絶縁コーティング13を0.076〜0.178mm(0.
003〜0.007インチ)の範囲の厚さに堆積した。コーティ
ング13は、全移動領域において対向する部材21に接触す
る部材31の長さに沿って塗布した。外側表面24および34
には、従来の電気メッキ方法により次の3つの層からな
る導電性および熱伝導性が高い材料よりなるコーティン
グ12を形成した。すなわち、 0.050〜0.076mm(0.002〜0.003インチ)の厚さの銅より
なる第1の層、剪断表面以外のすべての表面に堆積、 0.254〜1.016mm(0.010〜0.040インチ)の厚さのニッケ
ルよりなる第2の層、上記銅層の上に堆積、および 0.508〜1.016mm(0.020〜0.040インチ)の厚さの金より
なる第3の層、上記ニッケル層の上に堆積。
ニッケル層および金層は、これらの下の熱伝導性およ
び導電性の銅層のための耐酸化保護層である。支持部材
25および35には約0.127mm(0.005インチ)の厚さの絶縁
材料よりなるコーティング11を形成した。
上述のはさみを実験用の電源と共に使用して、生体組
織およびビーフステーキの生肉を用いて実験を行った。
実験用電源を400〜800kHzの範囲の様々に選択される定
周波数で、およびはさみの両電極で10〜120ボルト(RM
S)の範囲のほぼ定電圧の出力レベルを提供する選択さ
れたレベルで作動させた。この電源は低いインピーダン
スを有し、また波高率が1に近い交流電圧波形を供給し
た。この電圧波形は、高負荷のとき出力電圧が顕著に下
がらないという意味で実質的に一定のレベルに維持され
た。
上述の実施態様のための好適な作動範囲は、器具の電
極で10〜120ボルト、より好ましくは30〜90ボルト(RM
S)の電圧を供給することであることが分かった。器具
は上記の作動条件の範囲すべてにわたって良好に作動
し、組織の止血を行いまた組織の出血を最小限に押さえ
て組織を切断した。はさみに血塊および組織が堆積する
ことも僅かであった。
100kHzより低い周波数は患者の神経筋系に影響を及ぼ
し、望ましくない刺激を引き起こし得ることが知られて
いる。800kHzを超える周波数は作動に利点を与えること
はなくまた電源のコストが高くなることが分かった。2M
Hzまでのさらに高い周波数を使用することは可能である
と考えるが、電気外科用器具を電源に接続するケーブル
で生じるライン損失のため、このような周波数を使用す
るのは実用的ではない。
10ボルト(RMS)より低い電圧(電極)では、組織内
に止血を行うための十分なジュール熱を生成しないこと
が分かった。従来の止血を併せて行う二極式電気外科方
法では、組織の止血を行うには120ボルト(RMS)を超え
る電圧が最も望ましいことが示されたが、120ボルト(R
MS)を超える電圧だと、電極が局所的に過熱しまた血塊
が過度に堆積する問題が生じることが分かった。120ボ
ルト(RMS)を超えると、急速に血塊が堆積して、例え
ば3回切断する毎に1回の頻度ではさみを洗浄すること
が必要であった。
図4に示す装置は、コーティング13を一方の剪断表面
にしか形成していないが、絶縁層を両方の剪断表面に形
成した装置と同じ程度の性能を示す(同じ条件下で操作
する場合)ことが分かった。これら2つの実施態様で
は、切断組織の両側における加熱量および止血の深さは
実質的に均一である。もっと高いインピーダンスを有す
る組織の止血を行うには、上記に特定した範囲より高い
電圧レベルを使用することが適切であることは、当業者
には明かである。
* * * 本発明のはさみはまた、例えば、皮膚弁を持ち上げて
はさみを組織内に入り込ませながら広げることによっ
て、鈍端切開(blunt dissection)を行うために使用す
ることができる。このような実施態様に対しては、はさ
みの鈍端部は鈍端切開手術の間に止血が行われるような
構成とされる。このような手術では、はさみは閉じたま
まで挿入され、その後徐々に広げられ、電流は切断点よ
り外側に、すなわち切開される組織が止血を行いながら
切断されるように流れる。
以上述べた様々な実施態様は例示的なものであって限
定的なものではない。本発明は、互いに相対的に移動し
得る2つの切断または剪断部材を有するすべての型また
は大きさの外科用はさみ型器具により実行され得る。従
って、本発明により形成される器具は、例えば、顕微手
術、肉眼手術、腹腔鏡、および他の外科的方法で必要と
され得る、表面組織、深部組織、および内部組織、血
管、毛細管、または器官の切断を行うとき使用され得
る。
本発明は、電極を含む剪断部材を有する装置を使用す
る工程を含む。この工程では、装置の操作は組織の止血
と組織の切断が同時に行われる。上述の実施例の項で示
したように、400〜800kHzの範囲の周波数および10〜120
ボルト(RMS)で、絶縁材料よりなる介在層によって分
離された電極を使用するはさみ型装置を使用すると良好
な結果が得られることが分かった。
幅広い範囲の外科手術で使用するのに適した本発明の
方法は以下の工程を包含する。
(a)各々が剪断表面と切断刃部と電極とを備えた第1
および第2剪断部材を配備する工程。剪断部材は、剪断
表面がある移動領域にわたって切断刃部に沿って移動す
る切断点を定義するはさみ状の動作においてその移動領
域にわたって対向して移動するように互いに連結され
る。
(b)電極を電源に接続する工程。
(c)電源においてほぼ定電圧レベルの出力を選択およ
びこれを維持する工程。この電圧レベルの出力は電源に
接続される負荷のインピーダンスに左右されない。
(d)第1および第2電極が上記の移動領域において互
いに接触しないように、これら電極間に電気絶縁材料を
配備する工程。
(e)高周波電流が電極間を切断点から離れた組織を通
って流れるが、剪断表面間は流れないように、電極を切
断される組織と電気的に接触した状態で配置する工程。
および、 (f)第1および第2剪断部材を上記移動領域にわたっ
て移動させ、これにより電流を切断点から離れた領域の
組織に通すことで、組織の止血と切断点での組織の切断
とを同時に行う工程。
当然ながら、単に前述の装置を配備することで上述の
工程(a)および(d)は1つにまとめられ得る。外科
手術の間に生じる組織のインピーダンスに応じて、多く
の場合、装置を30〜90ボルト(RMS)の範囲内で動作さ
せるのが望ましい。
負荷インピーダンスに左右されない選択可能なほぼ定
電圧レベルの出力を有する電源を使用すると、効果的な
止血を行うのに十分な電力が供給される。従来の電気外
科用器具で一般に使用されるレベルより低い定電圧出力
レベルを使用すると、電極が組織と接触していないと
き、すなわち開放回路のときは電極に送られる電力は減
少し、電極が組織に接触すると電流アークが生成される
可能性が減少する。
負荷インピーダンスに左右されない定電圧レベルの出
力を用いると、切開中に組織の抵抗が増大するとき過度
の電流が組織を流れるのを防ぐ。この結果、組織内で得
られる止血の深さをさらに正確に制御し得、電極の局所
的な過熱をより良好に防ぎ得る。また、電極の局所的な
加熱が減少することにより、効率的な止血を妨げまた器
具の操作性を損なう結果となる血塊の堆積も防止され
る。
当業者には明らかなように、本発明は上述の実施態様
以外の態様によっても実行され得、また本発明は以下の
クレームによってのみ限定される。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) A61B 17/00 - 18/28

Claims (25)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】止血を併せて行う組織を切断する二極式電
    気外科装置であって、該装置は、第1剪断表面(22)と
    第1切断刃部(23)とを有する第1剪断部材(21)を有
    する第1の支持部材(20)と、 第2剪断表面(32)と第2切断刃部(33)とを有する第
    2剪断部材(31)を有する第2の支持部材(30)と、 該第1剪断表面(22)および該第2剪断表面(32)が互
    いに対向するよう、かつ該第1剪断部材(21)が該第2
    剪断部材(31)に対してハサミ状の動作で旋回すると該
    第1切断刃部(23)が該第2切断刃部(33)に接触する
    よう、該第1剪断部材(20)および該第2剪断部材(3
    0)を旋回可能に連結させる連結手段(40)であって、
    該第1剪断部材(21)を該連結手段(40)において該第
    2剪断部材(31)から電気的に絶縁する電気絶縁物質を
    含む、連結手段と、 を備え、 該第1剪断部材(21)は、導電性物質と、該第1切断刃
    部(23)および該第2切断刃部(33)が互いに接触した
    とき該第1剪断部材(21)と該第2剪断部材(31)とが
    それぞれの長さにそって互いに電気的に絶縁されるよう
    該第1剪断部材(21)の実質的に全長にわたって設けら
    れる電気絶縁物質の層(13)との複合体を含むことを特
    徴とする、装置。
  2. 【請求項2】前記第1剪断部材(21)の前記電気絶縁物
    質の層(13)が前記第1切断刃部(23)および第1の剪
    断表面(22)の実質的に全体を形成することを特徴とす
    る、請求項1に記載の装置。
  3. 【請求項3】前記電気絶縁物質の層(13)が前記第2切
    断刃部(33)および前記第2剪断表面(32)の硬度より
    高い硬度を有することをさらに特徴とする、請求項2に
    記載の装置。
  4. 【請求項4】前記第1剪断部材(21)の前記電気絶縁物
    質の層(13)が0.050ミリメートル〜1.270ミリメートル
    (0.002インチ〜0.050インチ)の範囲内の厚さを有す
    る、請求項1または2に記載の装置。
  5. 【請求項5】前記第1剪断部材(21)の前記電気絶縁物
    質の層(13)が0.076ミリメートル〜0.178ミリメートル
    (0.003インチ〜0.007インチ)の範囲内の厚さを有す
    る、請求項4に記載の装置。
  6. 【請求項6】前記第1剪断部材(21)の前記の層(13)
    が第1の厚さを有し、前記第2剪断部材(31)が第2の
    厚さを有する電気絶縁物質の層(13)を備え、該第1お
    よび第2の厚さの和が0.050ミリメートル〜1.270ミリメ
    ートル(0.002インチ〜0.050インチ)の範囲内で選択さ
    れることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか
    に記載の装置。
  7. 【請求項7】前記第1剪断部材(21)が、前記第1切断
    刃部(23)の実質的にその長さにわたって延びる第1の
    電極(28)を規定する部分を有し、前記第2剪断部材
    (31)は、導電性物質と、電気絶縁物質の層(13)との
    複合体を備え、該第2剪断部材は前記第2切断刃部(3
    3)の実質的にその長さにわたって延びる第2の電極(3
    8)を規定する部分を有し、前記第1剪断部材(21)の
    前記の層(13)と該第2剪断部材(31)の該層(13)と
    は、該第1切断刃部(23)および該第2切断刃部(33)
    が互いに接触したときに該第1の電極(28)を該第2の
    電極(38)から電気的に絶縁することをさらに特徴とす
    る、請求項1に記載の装置。
  8. 【請求項8】前記第1剪断部材(21)の前記の層(13)
    が0.050ミリメートル〜1.270ミリメートル(0.002イン
    チ〜0.050インチ)の範囲内の厚さを有する、請求項7
    に記載の装置。
  9. 【請求項9】前記第1剪断部材(21)の前記の層(13)
    が第1の厚さを有し、前記第2剪断部材(31)の前記の
    層(13)が第2の厚さを有し、該第1および第2の厚さ
    の和は0.050ミリメートル〜1.270ミリメートル(0.002
    インチ〜0.050インチ)の範囲内で選択される、請求項
    7に記載の装置。
  10. 【請求項10】前記第1剪断部材(21)の前記の層(1
    3)が第1の硬度を有し、前記第2剪断部材(31)の前
    記の層(13)が該第1の硬度とは異なる第2の硬度を有
    することをさらに特徴とする、請求項7〜9のいずれか
    に記載の装置。
  11. 【請求項11】前記装置は、少なくとも前記第1剪断部
    材(21)および前記第2剪断部材(31)の一方の上に設
    けられ、高い電気伝導度および熱伝導度を有する物質の
    層(12)をさらに備えることを特徴とする、請求項1〜
    3のいずれかに記載の装置。
  12. 【請求項12】前記装置は、少なくとも前記第1剪断部
    材(21)および前記第2剪断部材(31)の一方の上に設
    けられ、導電性の粘着防止材料の層(14)をさらに備え
    ることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の
    装置。
  13. 【請求項13】前記第1剪断部材(21)は第1の支持部
    材(20)をさらに備え、前記第2剪断部材(31)は第2
    支持部材(30)をさらに備え、該第1支持部材(20)お
    よび該第2支持部材(30)は前記連結手段(40)と協働
    し、該第1支持部材(20)および該第2支持部材(30)
    は該第1支持部材(20)および該第2支持部材(30)の
    上に電気絶縁物質の層(11)を有する、請求項1〜3の
    いずれかに記載の装置。
  14. 【請求項14】高周波交流波形を提供する電源(110)
    であって、負荷インピーダンスに左右されず、選択可能
    な実質的に一定の電圧レベル出力を有する電源(110)
    と、該電源(110)を前記第1の電極(28)および前記
    第2の電極(38)とに電気的に接続する手段(27,37)
    とを組み合わせた、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の装
    置。
  15. 【請求項15】前記第1および第2の電極の間に10ボル
    ト〜120ボルト(RMS)の範囲の電圧がかかるように、前
    記電源装置(110)の前記実質的に一定の電圧レベル出
    力が選択可能である、請求項14に記載の装置。
  16. 【請求項16】前記電源装置(110)は1に近い波高率
    を有する電圧波形を提供する、請求項14に記載の装置。
  17. 【請求項17】前記電源装置(110)は100kHz〜2MHzの
    範囲から選択される高周波数を有する交流電圧波形を提
    供する、請求項14に記載の装置。
  18. 【請求項18】前記第1剪断部材(21)は、第1剪断表
    面(22)を規定する部分と、ある長さを有する前記第1
    切断刃部(23)と、該第1切断刃部(23)の実質的に該
    長さにわたって延びる第1の電極(28)とを有する第1
    刃部材(blade member)を備え、 前記第2剪断部材(31)は、第2剪断表面(32)を規定
    する部分と、ある長さを有する前記第2切断刃部(33)
    と、該第2切断刃部(33)の実質的に該長さにわたって
    延びる第2の電極(38)とを有する第2刃部材を備え、 該第1刃部材の複合体の導電性物質は該第1の電極(2
    8)を形成し、 該第2刃部材は導電性物質を備え、 該第1刃部材の該電気絶縁物質の層(13)は、該第1切
    断刃部(23)および該第2切断刃部(33)が互いに接触
    したとき該第1の電極(28)を該第2の電極(38)から
    電気的に絶縁する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の装
    置。
  19. 【請求項19】組織を切断し凝固させる装置であって、
    該装置は、 第1剪断表面(22′)を規定する部分と、ある長さを有
    する第1切断刃部(23′)と、第1外側表面(24′)
    と、実質的に該第1切断刃部(23′)の該長さにわたっ
    て延びる第1の電極とを有する第1刃部材(21′)と、 第2剪断表面(32′)を規定する部分と、ある長さを有
    する第2切断刃部(33′)と、第2外側表面(34′)
    と、実質的に該第2切断刃部(33′)の該長さにわたっ
    て延びる第2の電極とを有する第2刃部材(31′)と、 該第1剪断表面(22′)および該第2剪断表面(32′)
    が互いに対向するよう、かつ該第1刃部材(21′)が該
    第2刃部材(31′)に対してハサミ状の動作で旋回する
    と該第1切断刃部(23′)が該第2切断刃部(33′)に
    接触するよう、該第1刃部材(21′)および該第2刃部
    材(31′)を旋回可能に連結させる連結手段と、 を備え、 該第1刃部材(21′)は電気絶縁物質を備え、該第1の
    電極は該第1外側表面(24′)上に設けられた第1の層
    (16)を備え、 該第2刃部材(31′)は電気絶縁物質を備え、該第2の
    電極は該第2外側表面(34′)上に設けられた第2の層
    (16)を備え、 該第1刃部材(21′)の該電気絶縁物質と該第2刃部材
    (31′)の該電気絶縁物質とは、該第1切断刃部(23)
    および第2切断刃部(33)が互いに接触したとき該第1
    の電極を該第2の電極から電気的に絶縁する、装置。
  20. 【請求項20】前記第1切断刃部(23)に近接する第1
    の領域および前記第2切断刃部(33)に近接する第2の
    領域を除いて、前記導電性物質の第1および第2の層の
    それぞれの上に設けられた電気絶縁物質の層をさらに備
    える、請求項19に記載の装置。
  21. 【請求項21】前記導電性物質の第1および第2の層に
    重畳して設けられた導電性の粘着防止材料の層をさらに
    含む、請求項19または20に記載の装置。
  22. 【請求項22】前記第1切断刃部(23)が前記第2切断
    刃部(33)と接触するとき前記第1の電極と前記第2の
    電極とが離れて位置し、その距離は0.050ミリメートル
    〜1.270ミリメートル(0.002インチ〜0.050インチ)の
    範囲内にある、請求項19または20に記載の装置。
  23. 【請求項23】高周波交流波形を提供する電源(110)
    であって、負荷インピーダンスに左右されず、選択可能
    な実質的に一定の電圧レベル出力を有する電源(110)
    と、該電源(110)を前記第1の電極および前記第2の
    電極とに電気的に接続する手段(27,37)とを組み合わ
    せた、請求項19または20に記載の装置。
  24. 【請求項24】前記第1および第2の電極の間に10ボル
    ト〜120ボルト(RMS)の範囲の電圧がかかるように、前
    記電源装置(110)の前記実質的に一定の電圧レベル出
    力が選択可能である、請求項23に記載の装置。
  25. 【請求項25】前記電源装置(110)は100kHz〜2MHzの
    範囲から選択される周波数を有する交流電圧波形を提供
    する、請求項23に記載の装置。
JP05500642A 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 止血を併せて行う二極式電気外科用切断装置 Expired - Lifetime JP3090949B2 (ja)

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US71192091A 1991-06-07 1991-06-07
US711,920 1991-06-07
US893,932 1992-06-04
PCT/US1992/004664 WO1992021301A1 (en) 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 Hemostatic bi-polar electrosurgical cutting apparatus and method

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JP05500642A Expired - Lifetime JP3090949B2 (ja) 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 止血を併せて行う二極式電気外科用切断装置
JP5500642A Pending JPH06511400A (ja) 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 止血を併せて行う二極式電気外科用切断装置
JP5500916A Expired - Fee Related JP3053218B2 (ja) 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 二極性電気外科内視鏡器具およびその使用方法
JP2003014071A Pending JP2003199763A (ja) 1991-06-07 2003-01-22 定電圧を使用する電気外科手術装置
JP2003014072A Pending JP2003199764A (ja) 1991-06-07 2003-01-22 定電圧を使用する電気外科手術装置

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JP5500916A Expired - Fee Related JP3053218B2 (ja) 1991-06-07 1992-06-05 二極性電気外科内視鏡器具およびその使用方法
JP2003014071A Pending JP2003199763A (ja) 1991-06-07 2003-01-22 定電圧を使用する電気外科手術装置
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