JP2023040253A - パワー半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
パワー半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023040253A JP2023040253A JP2023003967A JP2023003967A JP2023040253A JP 2023040253 A JP2023040253 A JP 2023040253A JP 2023003967 A JP2023003967 A JP 2023003967A JP 2023003967 A JP2023003967 A JP 2023003967A JP 2023040253 A JP2023040253 A JP 2023040253A
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- semiconductor device
- thick copper
- power semiconductor
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Abstract
【解決手段】パワー半導体装置(1)は、平板状の第1厚銅層(14)と、第1厚銅層(14)上に配置された絶縁シート層(16)と、絶縁シート層(16)上に配置され、パターン形成された第2厚銅層(18A)と、第2厚銅層(18A)上に配置された導電性の接合層(20)と、接合層(20)上に配置された半導体パワーデバイス(22)とを備え、半導体パワーデバイス(22)は、接合層(20)と接合すると共に、第2厚銅層(18A)のビッカースの硬さは、第1厚銅層(14)のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有する。
【選択図】図1
Description
クやフィンなどの放熱器を配置して放熱させ、半導体パワーデバイスを冷却するのが一般的である。
ード材や電極柱などの上部配線を使用する場合もある。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置1の要部は、図1に示すように、平板状の厚銅基板2と、厚銅基板2上に部分的に配置された導電性の接合層20と、接合層20上に配置された半導体パワーデバイス22とを備え、半導体パワーデバイス22の表面または裏面に形成された電極と電気的に接続される、図23で後述するような、外部接続用端子とを備える。接合層20は、Ag焼成層、Cu焼成層、Au焼成層、若しくはNi焼成層を備え、半導体パワーデバイス22と接合する。厚銅基板2のビッカースの硬さは、50以下を有する。無酸素銅の硬さの評価手段として、「ビッカースの硬さ」が知られている。ビッカースの硬さについては後述する(図22)。
ルピネオール、テトラデカン、ターピネオール、ケロシンの内の少なくともいずれかの組み合わせを適用可能である。また、テルピネオールとしては、α-テルピネオール、β-テルピネオール、γ-テルピネオールの混合物を適用しても良い。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置のプレス加工工程を説明する。
銅の焼鈍による降伏応力YS(Yield Stress)(MPa)とアニール温度(℃)との関係は図2に示すように表される。図2に示すように、銅を約400℃~800℃程度でアニ
ールすることにより銅の降伏応力YSが減少する。アニール前(NA)における銅の降伏応力YSは、約200MPaー300MPa程度である。一方、銅をアニール後における銅の降伏応力YSは、アニール温度400℃で、約68MPaとなり、アニール温度500℃で、約72MPa程度である。図2に示すように、銅を約400℃~800℃程度でアニールすることにより銅の降伏応力YSが減少する。つまり銅自体が柔らかくなる。この効果を利用して銀焼成層の劣化モードを変えることができる。
超音波探傷装置(SAT:Scanning Acoustic Tomography)による内部観察を実施した。内部観察された画像例は、図3(a)・図5(a)に示すように表され、サンプルの断面画像例は、図4(a)・図6(a)に示すように表される。図3(a)・図5(a)においては、第2厚銅層18Aと、第2厚銅層18A上にAg焼成層20を接合層として形成された半導体パワーデバイス22とを備えるパワー半導体装置に対して、超音波プローブを走査して内部観察した結果が示されている。
図8に示す半導体パワーデバイス22に接合される銅層(Cu層)18のように熱処理無しによる銀焼成層の劣化の様子を比較例として図3および図4に示す。すなわち、比較例に係るパワー半導体装置において、銀焼成層の劣化を説明するSAT画像例は、図3(a)に示すように表され、図3(a)を説明する線図は、図3(b)に示すように表される。また、比較例に係るパワー半導体装置において、銀焼成層の劣化を説明する断面画像例は、図4(a)に示すように表され、図4(a)を説明する線図は、図4(b)に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置においては、基板の違いにより破壊モードが違ってくる。どの破壊モードがどの程度熱抵抗に影響を与えるかの検討を行った。
比較例に係るパワー半導体装置において、銀焼成層20の破壊が横クラックモデルである場合の熱抵抗シミュレーションに適用した模式的断面構造は、図8に示すように表される。図8において、銅層(Cu層)18は、熱処理無しの通常の銅板の場合に対応してい
る。また、Ag焼成層20は、厚さ55μmと厚さ5μmの2層構造とし、Ag焼成層20の内、厚さ5μmの層部分において、横クラックによる劣化部23Hが生じている。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、Ag焼成層20の破壊が縦クラックモデルである場合の熱抵抗シミュレーションに適用した模式的断面構造は、図11に示すように表される。図11において、第2厚銅層(Cu層)18Aは、熱処理有りのビッカースの硬さ50以下の焼鈍化銅板の場合に対応している。また、Ag焼成層20には、縦クラックによる劣化部23Vが生じている。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、Ag焼成層20の破壊がランダムクラックモデルである場合の熱抵抗シミュレーションに適用した模式的断面構造は、図14に示すように表される。図14において、第2厚銅層(Cu層)18Aは、熱処理有りのビッカースの硬さ50以下の焼鈍化銅板の場合に対応している。また、Ag焼成層20には、ランダムクラックによる劣化部23Rが生じている。
熱シミュレーションにおいては、厚さ0.25mmを有する5mm角のチップに対し、厚さ0.01mmを有する4.4mm角の発熱層を導入している。
すように表され、図17(a)のI-I線に沿う模式的断面構造は、図17(b)に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、熱サイクルテストにおける温度プロファイル例は、図20に示すように表される。すなわち、図20に示すように、-50℃~200℃の範囲で熱サイクルテストを行った。熱サイクルの1サイクルの周期は80分であり、その内訳は、マイナス50℃で30分、マイナス50℃からプラス200℃までの昇温時間10分、プラス200℃で30分、プラス200℃からマイナス50℃までの冷却時間10分である(図20参照)。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、Ag焼成層20の破壊が横クラック(円柱)モデルH、縦クラックモデルV、およびランダムクラック(球)モデルRの3つの破壊モデルをパラメータとする熱抵抗Rth比と接合面積率との関係は、図21に示すように表される。ここで、熱抵抗Rth比は、Ag焼成層20に劣化部が発生していない場合を1とする相対的な値である。また、接合面積率とは、半導体パワーデバイス22とAg焼成層20との間の接合面積率である。Ag焼成層20に劣化部が発生していない場合を1としている。
無酸素銅の硬さの評価手段として、「ビッカースの硬さ」が知られている。無酸素銅において、酸素含有量(%)をパラメータとするビッカースの硬さHVとアニール温度(℃)との関係は、図22に示すように表される。図22は、小藤甫、渡辺晴夫、加藤通友著
“無酸素銅に関する研究(第3報)無酸素銅の再結晶図と粒成長について”,日本金属学会誌,Vol.22,No.10,October,1958,pp.493-497.のFIG.1のデータに基づく。
-構成例1-
冷却器10に搭載可能な本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置(構成例1)は、図23に示すように、冷却器10と、冷却器10上に配置された第1サーマルコンパウンド層12THまたは半田層と、半導体パワーデバイス22と、ドレイン端子DTと、ソース端子STと、少なくとも半導体パワーデバイス22を封止する樹脂層300とを備える。ここで、厚銅基板2は、冷却器10上に第1サーマルコンパウンド層12THまたは半田層を介して配置される。その他の構成は、図1に示す本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置と同様である。
装置においては、第2厚銅層18Aの厚さt2は、2mm以上であることが望ましく、第1厚銅層14の厚さt1は、1mm~2mm内に最適値がある。
空冷式の冷却器10を本技術に適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置(構成例2)は、図24に示すように、冷却器10と、冷却器10上に配置された第1サーマルコンパウンド層12THまたは半田層とを備える。ここで、厚銅基板2は、冷却器10上に第1サーマルコンパウンド層12THまたは半田層を介して配置される。
空冷式の冷却器10を本技術に適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置(構成例3)は、図25に示すように、冷却器10と、冷却器10上に配置された絶縁シート層16または第1サーマルコンパウンド層とを備える。ここで、厚銅基板(第2厚銅層18A)は、冷却器10上に絶縁シート層16または第1サーマルコンパウンド層を介して配置される。また、図23-図32に示す厚銅基板(第2厚銅層18A)のビッカースの硬さは、半導体パワーデバイス22の外部接続用端子(ソース端子ST、ドレイン端子DT)を構成する銅のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有する。構成例3は、図25に示すように、厚銅基板2として、第2厚銅層18Aを用いる例に対応している。
空冷式の冷却器10を本技術に適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置(構成例4)は、図26に示すように、冷却器10と、冷却器10上に配置された絶縁基板2Bとを備える。ここで、絶縁基板2Bは、冷却器10上に第1サーマルコンパウンド層12THを介して配置される。ここで、構成例4は、図26に示すように、厚銅基板として、第2厚銅層18Aを用いる例に対応している。更に、構成例4は、絶縁基板2B上に配置され、第2厚銅基板18A以上の大きさを有する第2サーマルコンパウンド層16THを備え、第2厚銅層18Aは、第2サーマルコンパウンド層16TH上に配置されていても良い。また、第2厚銅層18Aのビッカースの硬さは、半導体パワーデバイス22の電力端子(ソース端子ST、ドレイン端子DT)を構成する銅のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有する。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置の製造方法は、400℃以上で熱処理した第2厚銅層18Aを形成する工程と、第2厚銅層18A上に導電性の接合層20を形成する工程と、第1厚銅層14上に絶縁シート層16または第1サーマルコンパウンド層を介して第2厚銅層18Aを配置する工程と、接合層20上に半導体パワーデバイス22を配置し、加熱しながら加圧する加熱・加圧プロセスにより半導体パワーデバイス22を接合層20と接合する工程と、半導体パワーデバイス22の電極と外部接続用端子(DT・ST)とを接続する工程とを有する。ここで、熱処理された第2厚銅層18Aのビッカースの硬さは、第1厚銅層14または外部接続用端子(DT・ST)のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有する。
-1 in 1モジュール-
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置1であって、1 in 1モジュールの模式的平面パターン構成は図27(a)に示すように表され、図27(a)のIV-IV線に沿う模式的断面構造は図27(b)に示すように表される。更に、図27(a)および図27(b)に対応する模式的鳥瞰構成は、図28に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置であって、1 in 1モジュール50のSiC MOSFETの模式的回路表現は、図29に示すように表される。図29には、MOSFETに逆並列接続されるダイオードDIが示されている。MOSFETの主電極は、ドレイン端子DTおよびソース端子STで表される。また、1 in 1モジュール50のSiC MOSFETの詳細回路表現は、図30に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置1であって、2 in 1モジュールの模式的平面パターン構成は図31に示すように表され、模式的鳥瞰構成は図32に示すように表される。
2厚銅層18Aのビッカースの硬さは、第1厚銅層14のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有する。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置であって、2 in 1モジュール100のSiC MOSFETの模式的回路表現は、図33に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置に適用可能な半導体パワーデバイスQ1・Q4の例であって、ソースパッド電極SPD、ゲートパッド電極GPDを含む
SiC MOSFET130Aの模式的断面構造は、図34に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置に適用可能な半導体パワーデバイスの例であって、SiC DIMOSFET130Cの模式的断面構造は、図36に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置に適用可能な半導体パワーデバイスの例であって、SiC TMOSFET130Dの模式的断面構造は、図37に示すように表される。
図33に示す本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置を複数用いて構成した3相交流インバータ40の回路構成において、SiC MOSFETを適用し、電源端子PL・接地端子NL間にスナバコンデンサCを接続した回路構成例は、図38に示すように表される。
次に、図39を参照して、半導体パワーデバイスとしてSiC MOSFETを適用した3相交流インバータ42について説明する。
。
比較例1に係るパワー半導体装置400Aであって、図40に対応した平面パターン構成のV-V線に沿う模式的断面構造は、図42に示すように表される。
404により電気的に接続されている。半導体パワーデバイス401上面にはソースパッド電極403が形成されており、絶縁基板414を構成するソース電極パターン406とソースパッド電極403がチップ上接合層416及びソース電極パターン上接合層417を介して金属リード415により接続されている。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置400に適用する金属リード419・420の製造方法であって、金属層419a(420a)、419b(420b)、419c(420c)を準備する工程は、図46(a)に示すように表される。更に、金属層419a(420a)、419b(420b)、419c(420c)を積層し、矢印方向に圧力を加えて、圧延する工程は、図46(b)に示すように表される。
め、フレキシブル性が保てるメリットがある。また、適用する金属リード420の方が、低コストになる。
半導体パワーデバイスに電流を流し、所定のチップ温度になったら電流を遮断し、冷却する。この繰り返しをパワーサイクルテスト(PCT:Power Cycle Test)と呼ぶ。PCT寿命とは、このようなPCTを実施した後に、半導体パワーデバイスのオン抵抗の上昇、チップ温度の上昇、接合面積の減少、配線抵抗の上昇等で所定の変化率を超えるまでのPCT回数である。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、熱サイクルテストにおける温度プロファイル例は、図47(b)に示すように表される。熱サイクルテストは大気雰囲気中で行われ、マイナス40℃~プラス150℃の範囲で実施した。熱サイクルの1サイクルの周期は80分であり、その内訳は、マイナス40℃で30分、マイナス40℃からプラス150℃までの昇温時間10分、プラス150℃で30分、プラス150℃からマイナス40℃までの冷却時間10分である。100サイクル毎に順方向電圧降下Vf、逆方向耐圧Vrを測定したが、特性劣化は観測されていない。
パワーサイクル耐量は特性劣化も含めて起こってもその劣化の進行が遅い場合には、パワーサイクル耐量が高いと評価することができる。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、リード部材をパラメータとする最大主応力(Pa)と熱膨張係数CTE(Coefficient of Thermal Expansion)(ppm/℃)との関係は、図48に示すように表される。リード部材としては、Cu、C1、K、C8、およびSIを適用している。ここで、Cuは銅単体の金属リードである。Kは、コバール(Kovar:Fe-29Ni-17Co合金、熱膨張係数5ppm/℃)の金属リードである。C1は、Cu/インバー(Invar)/Cuの積層比1:1:1を有する積層金属リードである。C8は、Cu/インバー(Invar)/Cuの積層比1:8:1を有する積層金属リードである。SIは、スーパーインバー(Super Invar:Fe-
32Ni-5Co合金、熱膨張係数1ppm/℃以下)の金属リードである。また、インバー(Invar:Fe-36Ni合金)の熱膨張係数は約2ppm/℃である。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、リード部材をパラメータとする熱膨張係数CTE(ppm/℃)とパワーサイクルテスト(PCT)寿命との関係は、図49に示すように表される。リード部材として、Cu、C1、K、C8、SIと変化するにつれて熱膨張係数CTE(ppm/℃)は低減すると共に、パワーサイクルテスト(PCT)寿命は長くなる。しかしながら、前述のごとく、コバール(Kovar)、スーパーインバー(Super Invar)は、高抵抗なためリード材としては使用に適さない。
単体で低熱膨張係数の金属は、自己発熱量が大きいため、パワー半導体装置のリード材としては使用に適さない。パワー半導体装置のリード材としては、良導電層を備えた低熱膨張係数のリード材の材料が望ましく、このため、本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置においては、積層構造のリード材を適用している。
1(a)に示すように表され、Cu/インバー/Cu構造で厚さの比が1:1:1の例(C1)は、図51(b)に示すように表され、Cu単体層の例は、図51(c)に示すように表される。リード層の各層の厚さは、以下の通りである。C8において、Cu=0.084mm/インバー=0.672mm/Cu=0.084mmであり、C1において、Cu=0.084mm/インバー=0.084mm/Cu=0.084mmであり、Cuにおいて、Cu=0.25mm。また、合成熱膨張係数は、C8は3ppm/℃であり、C1は10ppm/℃であり、Cuは17ppm/℃である。
ンディングワイヤが接続される。また、ゲート信号電極パターンGL1・GL4およびソース信号電極パターンSL1・SL4には、外部取り出し用のゲート端子GT1・GT4およびソースセンス端子SST1・SST4が半田付けなどによって接続される。
良い。その他の構成および構成材料は、図40・図41の構成と同様である。
基板は、例えば、Al2O3、AlN、SiN、AlSiC、若しくは少なくとも表面が絶縁性のSiCなどで形成されていても良い。
接合層4とを備え、半導体パワーデバイス1は、絶縁基板614上にチップ下接合4層を介して配置されていても良い。
ルピネオール、テトラデカン、ターピネオール、ケロシンの内の少なくともいずれかの組み合わせを適用可能である。また、テルピネオールとしては、α-テルピネオール、β-テルピネオール、γ-テルピネオールの混合物を適用しても良い。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置の製造方法の一工程を説明する模式的断面構造は、図67に示すように表され、図67(a)に示すその1から図67(e)に示すその5の各工程を有する。
できる。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置の製造方法の一部分の製造工程を説明する模式的断面構造は、図68(a)~図68(c)に示すように表され、全体の製造工程を説明する模式的断面構造は、図69(a)~図69(d)に示すように表される。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置の製造方法の一部分の製造工程を説明する模式的断面構造は、図70(a)~図70(b)に示すように表され、全体の製造工程を説明する模式的断面構造は、図71(a)~図71(d)に示すように表される。
比較例に係るパワー半導体装置において、リード配線の接合方法を説明する模式的断面構造(その1)は、図64に示すように表される。また、比較例に係るパワー半導体装置において、リード配線の接合方法を説明する模式的断面構造(その2)は、図65(a)に示すように表され、図65(a)において、P部分の拡大図は、図65(b)に示すように表される。更に、比較例に係るパワー半導体装置において、リード配線の接合方法を説明する模式的断面構造(その3)は、図66(a)に示すように表され、比較例に係るパワー半導体装置において、リード配線の接合方法を説明する模式的断面構造図(その4)は、図66(b)に示すように表される。
パッド電極603間の接合をチップ上接合層6115で、金属リード617とソース電極パターン606間の接合をソース電極上接合層6116にて電気的に接続している。このチップ上接合層6115及びソース電極上接合層6116には、チップ下接合層604と同様にはんだ材や焼成金属材が使用されている。
ΔTjパワーサイクルテストは、図47において説明したように、接合温度を相対的に短時間の周期で上昇・下降させるテストであり、例えば、ワイヤ接合部などの寿命を評価することができる。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置において、熱サイクルテストは大気雰囲気中で行われ、マイナス40℃~プラス150℃の範囲で実施する。熱サイクルの1サイクルの周期は80分であり、その内訳は、マイナス40℃で30分、マイナス40℃からプラス150℃までの昇温時間10分、プラス150℃で30分、プラス150℃からマイナス40℃までの冷却時間10分である。100サイクル毎に順方向電圧降下Vf、逆方向耐圧Vrを測定する。
パワーサイクル耐量は特性劣化も含めて起こってもその劣化の進行が遅い場合には、パワーサイクル耐量が高いと評価することができる。
1・ソースセンス端子SST1と、第1の辺に対向する第3の辺に配置された出力端子O(D4)・O(S1)と、第2の辺に対向する第4の辺に配置されたゲート端子GT4・ソースセンス端子SST4とを備える。ここで、図76に示すように、ゲート端子GT1・ソースセンス端子SST1は、MOSFETQ1のゲート信号電極パターンGL1・ソース信号電極パターンSL1に接続され、ゲート端子GT4・ソースセンス端子SST4は、MOSFETQ4のゲート信号電極パターンGL4・ソース信号電極パターンSL4に接続される。
4(Q4)・624(A4)において、レーザ光による溶接により接合される。レーザ光による溶接は、スポット溶接されていても良い。
また、本技術を適用した一実施の形態の変形例に係るパワー半導体装置600であって、図76において、セラミックス基板609の代わりに絶縁層基板644を適用した場合のXIIIA-XIIIA方向から観測した側面図は、図78に示すように表される。また、図78のA部分の拡大図は、図79に示すように表される。また、樹脂層6300を形成後の模式的鳥瞰構成は図56と同様に表される。図78においてもゲート端子GT1・ソースセンス端子SST1は、図示を省略している。
リード617-1とを備える。ここで、金属リード617-1は、平面視において櫛歯形状を備える。また、図80に示すように、ドレイン電極パターンD4と、ドレイン電極パターンD4上に配置された半導体パワーデバイスQ4・DI4と、半導体パワーデバイスQ4・DI4と電気的に接続される金属リード617-4とを備える。ここで、金属リード617-4は、平面視において櫛歯形状を備える。ドレイン電極パターンD4はソース電極パターンS1と電気的に共通である。
本技術を適用した一実施の形態の変形例に係るパワー半導体装置600であって、ツーインワンモジュール(ハーフブリッジ内蔵モジュール)において、樹脂層6300を形成前の模式的鳥瞰構成は、図81に示すように表される。本技術を適用した一実施の形態の変形例に係るパワー半導体装置600は、本技術を適用した一実施の形態に係るパワー半導体装置600と半導体パワーデバイスQ1・DI1・Q4・DI4の配置構成を変更している。
上記のように、本実施の形態によって記載したが、この開示の一部をなす論述および図面は例示的なものであり、本実施の形態を限定するものであると理解すべきではない。この開示から当業者には様々な代替実施の形態、実施例および運用技術が明らかとなろう。
2…厚銅基板
3、17…セラミックス基板
2B…絶縁基板(DBC基板)
10…冷却器
12…半田層
12TH…第1サーマルコンパウンド層
14…第1厚銅層(Cu層)
14B、18B…銅箔層
16…絶縁シート層
16TH……第2サーマルコンパウンド層
18A…第2厚銅層(Cu層)
20…接合層(Ag焼成層)
22、401、601、QA、QB、Q、Q1~Q6…半導体パワーデバイス(SiC MOSFET)
23H、23V、23R…劣化部
40、42…3相交流インバータ
50…1 in 1モジュール
100…2 in 1モジュール
180…ゲートドライバ
200…パワー半導体装置部
300、4115、6300…樹脂層
402、602…ゲートパッド電極
403、603…ソースパッド電極
404、604…チップ下接合層
405、605…ドレイン電極パターン
406、606…ソース電極パターン
407、607、SL1、SL4…ソース信号電極パターン
408、608、GL1・GL4…ゲート信号電極パターン
409、609…基板(セラミックス基板)
410、610…裏面電極パターン
411…ソースボンディングワイヤ
412、611…ソース信号ボンディングワイヤ
413、612…ゲート信号ボンディングワイヤ
414、614……絶縁基板
415、617、617-1、617-4…金属リード
416…チップ上接合層
417…ソース電極パターン上接合層
418、619…クラック
419、4191、4194、41911、41941、420…第1金属リード
419a、420a…金属層a
419b、420b…金属層b
419c、420c…金属層c
421…絶縁部
423…ゲートパッド電極上半田層
424、4241、4244…第2金属リード(ゲート用金属リード)
425…ゲート用金属リード下半田層
426、4261、4264…第3金属リード(ソース信号用金属リード)
427…ソース信号用金属リード下半田層
4321、4324、432n…主配線導体(電極パターン)
41241、41244…信号基板
615…チップ上接合層(チップ上保護層)
616…ソース電極上接合層
618…加圧力
620…レーザ光(hν)
621、624…溶接部(溶融再凝固部(正常部))
622…溶融再凝固部(不良部)
623…金属スパッタ
625…金属板
626…めっき層
627…加圧板
644…絶縁層基板(有機絶縁樹脂層)
t1…第1厚銅層の厚さ
t2…第2厚銅層の厚さ
Rth…熱抵抗
P…正側電力端子
N…負側電力端子
O、U、V、W…出力端子
G、GT1、GT4…ゲート端子
SS、SST1、SST4…ソースセンス端子
ST…ソース端子
DT…ドレイン端子
GWA、GWB、GW1、GW4…ゲートボンディングワイヤ
SWA、SWB、SW1、SW4、SWO、SWN…ソースボンディングワイヤ
GP、GP1、GP4…ゲート信号用配線パターン
SP、SP1、SP4…ソース信号用配線パターン
Claims (25)
- 平板状の厚銅基板と、
前記厚銅基板上に部分的に配置された導電性の接合層と、
前記接合層上に配置された半導体パワーデバイスと、
前記半導体パワーデバイスの電極と電気的に接続される外部接続用端子と
を備え、
前記厚銅基板のビッカースの硬さは、50以下を有することを特徴とするパワー半導体装置。 - 前記接合層は、Ag焼成層、Cu焼成層、Au焼成層、若しくはNi焼成層を備え、前記半導体パワーデバイスと接合することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記厚銅基板は、
第1厚銅層と、
前記第1厚銅層上に配置された第2厚銅層と
を備え、
前記接合層は、前記第2厚銅層上に部分的に配置されると共に、前記第2厚銅層のビッカースの硬さは、前記第1厚銅層のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 前記第1厚銅層上に配置され、前記第2厚銅層以上の大きさを有する絶縁シート層を備え、
前記第2厚銅層は、前記絶縁シート層上に配置されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 前記厚銅基板の他面側に取り付けられる冷却器との間に配置された第1サーマルコンパウンド層または半田層を備えることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記厚銅基板の他面側に取り付けられる冷却器との間に配置された絶縁シートと、
前記半導体パワーデバイスの各電極と電気的に接続される複数の外部接続用端子と
を備え、
前記厚銅基板のビッカースの硬さは、前記半導体パワーデバイスの前記外部接続用端子を構成する銅のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 絶縁基板と、
前記絶縁基板上に配置され、前記厚銅基板以上の大きさを有する第2サーマルコンパウンド層と
を備え、前記厚銅基板は、前記第2サーマルコンパウンド層上に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 前記厚銅基板の他面側に取り付けられる冷却器との間に配置された第1サーマルコンパウンド層または半田層と、
前記半導体パワーデバイスと、前記厚銅基板および前記外部接続用端子の少なくとも一部を覆う樹脂層と
を備え、
前記樹脂層は前記第1サーマルコンパウンド層または前記半田層は覆わないことを特徴とする請求項7に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 前記絶縁基板は、DBC基板、DBA基板、若しくはAMB基板のいずれかを備えることを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記厚銅基板の他面側に取り付けられる冷却器は、水冷式若しくは空冷式であり、車載される駆動装置や電源装置に用いられることを特徴とする請求項5~9のいずれか1項に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 平板状の第1厚銅層と、
前記第1厚銅層上に配置された絶縁シート層または第1サーマルコンパウンド層と、
前記絶縁シート層または前記第1サーマルコンパウンド層上に配置され、パターン形成された第2厚銅層と、
前記第2厚銅層上に配置された導電性の接合層と、
前記接合層上に配置され、表面に表面電極と裏面に裏面電極とを有する半導体パワーデバイスと、
前記半導体パワーデバイスの前記表面電極と電気的に接続される第1外部接続用端子と、
前記第1厚銅層に接続され、前記第1厚銅層を介して前記半導体パワーデバイスの前記裏面電極に電気的に接続される第2外部接続用端子と
を備えることを特徴とするパワー半導体装置。 - 前記第2厚銅層のビッカースの硬さは、前記第1厚銅層若しくは前記外部接続用端子のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有し、
前記接合層は、Ag焼成層、Cu焼成層、Au焼成層、若しくはNi焼成層を備え、前記半導体パワーデバイスと接合することを特徴とする請求項11に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 前記半導体パワーデバイスは、前記表面電極としてソース電極または及びエミッタ電極とゲート電極が形成され、前記裏面電極としてドレイン電極または及びコレクタ電極が形成されたFETまたはIGBT、またはFETとIGBTとのハイブリッド素子であり、
前記絶縁シート層または前記第1サーマルコンパウンド層上に配置され、前記第2厚銅層と同一材料によりパターン形成され、前記ゲート電極に電気的に接続されるゲート信号用配線パターンおよび前記ソース電極または及び前記エミッタ電極に電気的に接続されるソースまたは及びエミッタ信号用配線パターンとを備えることを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 前記半導体パワーデバイスは複数のチップを並列接続した構成を備えることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記接合層は、前記半導体パワーデバイス周辺と離れて前記第2厚銅層と前記半導体パワーデバイスとの間に縦方向に進展するクラックまたは部分的にランダムに破壊された部分を有することを特徴とする請求項3~5、11~14のいずれか1項に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記半導体パワーデバイスは、Si系IGBT、Si系MOSFET、SiC系MOSFET、SiC系IGBT、SiC系MOSFETとSiC系IGBTとのハイブリッド素子、GaN系FET、酸化ガリウム系FETのいずれか、またはこれらのうちの異なる複数を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記半導体パワーデバイスを用いて、ワンインワンモジュール、ツーインワンモジュール、フォーインワンモジュール、シックスインワンモジュール、セブンインワンモジュール、エイトインワンモジュール、トゥエルブインワンモジュール、またはフォーティーンインワンモジュールのいずれかを構成することを特徴とする請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記半導体パワーデバイスを第1電源と第2電源との間に直列に接続し、直列接続された前記半導体パワーデバイスの接続点を出力とするスイッチング回路を複数用いると共に、前記半導体パワーデバイスの各ゲートを個別に制御してインバータ回路装置またはコンバータ回路を構成することを特徴とする請求項17に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記半導体パワーデバイスは表面に表面電極と裏面に裏面電極とを有し、
前記外部接続用端子の1つは前記厚銅基板に接合され、前記厚銅基板を介して前記半導体パワーデバイスの前記裏面電極と電気的に接続されることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 前記半導体パワーデバイスの前記表面電極と前記外部接続用端子が接合される配線パターンとを接続する金属リードを備えることを特徴とする請求項19に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記配線パターンは絶縁シートまたは絶縁基板またはサーマルコンパウンド層上に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項20に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記金属リードは金属の積層構造を有することを特徴とする請求項20に記載のパワー半導体装置。
- 前記半導体パワーデバイスの電極上に配置されるチップ上接合保護層と、
前記チップ上接合保護層と接合される金属リードと
を更に備え、前記金属リードと前記チップ上接合保護層間の接合は、レーザ光溶接による溶融再凝固部を有することを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のパワー半導体装置。 - 400℃以上で熱処理した第2厚銅層を形成する工程と、
第2厚銅層上に導電性の接合層を形成する工程と、
第1厚銅層上に絶縁シート層または第1サーマルコンパウンド層を介して前記第2厚銅層を配置する工程と、
前記接合層上に半導体パワーデバイスを配置し、加熱しながら加圧する加熱・加圧プロセスにより前記半導体パワーデバイスを前記接合層と接合する工程と、
前記半導体パワーデバイスの電極と外部接続用端子とを接続する工程と
を有し、熱処理された前記第2厚銅層のビッカースの硬さは、前記第1厚銅層または及び前記外部接続用端子のビッカースの硬さよりも小さく、50以下を有することを特徴とするパワー半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記加熱・加圧プロセスの加熱温度は、200℃~350℃を備え、加圧圧力は、10MPa~80MPaを備えることを特徴とする請求項24に記載のパワー半導体装置の製造方法。
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