JP2020526314A - Pet検出器残光管理のための方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年7月11日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/531,260号の優先権を主張し、これは、その全体が参照することによって本明細書に組み込まれる。
本開示は、線形加速器(または他の電離放射線源)と、1つまたは複数の陽電子放出(もしくはPET)検出器とを備える、放射線療法システムで使用するための方法に関する。
放射線療法システムは、典型的には、患者腫瘍領域等の標的組織領域の照射のための治療放射線ビームを生成する、放射線源(例えば、線形加速器またはリニアック)を有する。生成された放射線ビームは、標的領域に向かって指向され得、1つまたは複数のジョーおよび/またはコリメータによってビーム限定され得るが、放射線ビームの一部は、標的領域から逸脱および/または散乱し得る。本散乱放射線は、放射線療法システムの他のコンポーネントの機能に干渉し得る。
方法
発振散乱遮蔽体
Claims (68)
- 放射線療法システムであって、
着目PET集中領域に向かって1つまたは複数の放射線パルスを指向するように構成される放射線源と、
複数のPET検出器であって、陽電子消滅光子を検出するように構成される複数のPET検出器と、
前記複数のPET検出器のバイアス電流を測定するように構成される電流検出器と、
前記複数のPET検出器から光子データ出力を受信するように構成されるコントローラであって、治療セッション中に前記測定されたバイアス電流に基づいて計算される利得係数を使用して前記光子データ出力を調節することによって、一対の一致陽電子消滅光子を検出するように構成されるコントローラと
を備える、システム。 - 前記コントローラは、前記バイアス電流が閾値バイアス電流値を超えるときに前記利得係数を調節するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記利得係数は、前記測定されたバイアス電流と光子データ出力中の前記陽電子消滅光子の検出の光電ピークシフトの規模との間の比である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記光子データ出力を調節することは、前記光子データ出力を前記利得係数で乗算すること、または前記利得係数によって前記光子データ出力を直線的にシフトさせることを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、閾値数の放射線パルスが前記着目領域に向かって指向された後に前記利得係数を調節するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値数の放射線パルスは、約1,000回の放射線パルスである、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記利得係数は、第1の利得係数であり、前記閾値数の放射線パルスは、第1の閾値数の放射線パルスであり、前記コントローラは、第2の閾値数の放射線パルスが前記着目領域に向かって指向された後に、前記第1の利得係数を第2の利得係数に調節するように構成される、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の利得係数は、前記第1の利得係数を上回り、前記第2の閾値数の放射線パルスは、前記第1の閾値数の放射線パルスよりも多い、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記複数のPET検出器からの前記光子データ出力に基づいて、消滅光子の光電ピーク場所を計算するように、かつ基準レベルからの前記光電ピーク場所のシフトに基づいて、前記利得係数を調節するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記複数のPET検出器のうちの1つまたは複数のPET検出器の暗カウント率が閾値暗カウント率を超えるときに、前記利得係数を調節するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値暗カウント率は、約3Mcps〜約10Mcpsである、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値バイアス電流値は、約0.1mA〜約1mAである、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記放射線源から放出される放射線の量が閾値放射線レベルを超えるときに前記利得係数を調節するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値放射線レベルは、約0.1cGy/min〜約1cGy/minである、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラはさらに、信号プロセッサと、PET検出器出力信号を前記信号プロセッサに選択的に通信するように構成されるスイッチとを備え、前記スイッチは、各放射線パルス後の所定の期間にわたって前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断するように構成され、前記所定の期間対各放射線パルスの持続時間の比は、約25:1〜約100:1である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、各放射線パルスの持続時間および各放射線パルス後の所定の期間にわたって前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断するように構成される、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、ゲート信号に基づいて、前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断するように構成される、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記ゲート信号は、前記コントローラに、各放射線パルス後に100μs以上の間、前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断させる、請求項17に記載のシステム。
- 前記ゲート信号は、前記コントローラに、各放射線パルス後に200μs以上の間、前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断させる、請求項18に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記放射線パルスのタイミングスケジュールに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記利得係数を調節するように構成される、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 放射線療法システムであって、
着目PET集中領域に向かって1つまたは複数の放射線パルスを指向するように構成される放射線源であって、各放射線パルスは、所定のパルス持続時間を有する、放射線源と、
一致時間窓内に検出器の一部に入射し、一致トリガ閾値を超える検出器信号を生成する一対の陽電子消滅光子を検出することによって、陽電子放出経路を検出するように構成される複数のPET検出器と、
前記複数のPET検出器と通信するコントローラであって、治療セッション中に前記一致トリガ閾値を調節するように構成されるコントローラと
を備える、システム。 - 前記コントローラは、閾値数の放射線パルスが前記着目領域に向かって指向された後に前記一致トリガ閾値を調節するように構成される、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値数の放射線パルスは、約1,000回の放射線パルスである、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- 前記一致トリガ閾値は、約2つの光子トリガ〜約5つの光子トリガである、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- 前記一致トリガ閾値は、第1の一致トリガ閾値であり、前記閾値数の放射線パルスは、第1の閾値数の放射線パルスであり、前記コントローラは、第2の閾値数の放射線パルスが前記着目領域に向かって指向された後に、前記第1の一致トリガ閾値を第2の一致トリガ閾値に調節するように構成される、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の一致トリガ閾値は、前記第1の一致トリガ閾値を上回り、前記第2の閾値数の放射線パルスは、前記第1の閾値数の放射線パルスよりも多い、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の一致トリガ閾値は、約4つの光子トリガ〜約6つの光子トリガであり、前記第2の閾値数の放射線パルスは、約2,000である、請求項26に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の一致トリガ閾値は、前記第1の一致トリガ閾値未満であり、前記第2の閾値数の放射線パルスは、前記第1の閾値数の放射線パルスよりも多い、請求項27に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、基準から10%よりも大きいタイミングの変化に基づいて、前記一致トリガ閾値を調節するように構成される、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記複数のPET検出器のうちの1つまたは複数のPET検出器の暗カウント率が閾値暗カウント率を超えるときに、前記一致トリガ閾値を調節するように構成される、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値暗カウント率は、約3Mcps〜約10Mcpsである、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラはさらに、前記複数のPET検出器のうちの1つまたは複数のPET検出器のバイアス電流を測定するように構成される電流検出器を備え、前記コントローラは、前記バイアス電流が閾値バイアス電流値を超えるときに前記一致トリガ閾値を調節するように構成される、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値バイアス電流値は、約0.1mA〜約1mAである、請求項32に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記放射線源から放出される放射線の量が閾値放射線レベルを超えるときに前記一致トリガ閾値を調節するように構成される、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記閾値放射線レベルは、約0.1cGy/min〜約1cGy/minである、請求項34に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラはさらに、信号プロセッサと、PET検出器出力信号を前記信号プロセッサに選択的に通信するように構成されるスイッチとを備え、前記スイッチは、各放射線パルス後の所定の期間にわたって前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断するように構成され、前記所定の期間対各放射線パルスの持続時間の比は、約25:1〜約100:1である、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、各放射線パルスの持続時間および各放射線パルス後の所定の期間にわたって前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断するように構成される、請求項36に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、ゲート信号に基づいて、前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断するように構成される、請求項37に記載のシステム。
- 前記ゲート信号は、前記コントローラに、各放射線パルス後に少なくとも100μsの間、前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断させる、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記ゲート信号は、前記コントローラに、各放射線パルス後に少なくとも200μsの間、前記信号プロセッサへの前記PET検出器出力信号の通信を一時中断させる、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記放射線パルスのタイミングスケジュールに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記一致トリガ閾値を調節するように構成される、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- PET検出器の一致トリガ閾値を自動的に調節するための方法であって、
一致トリガ閾値を有する2つ以上のPET検出器を備える放射線療法システムの特性を測定することと、
前記測定された特性がその特性の所定の閾値を超えるかどうかを決定することと、
前記測定された特性がその特性の前記閾値を超えるかどうかの決定に基づいて、前記一致トリガ閾値を調節することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記一致トリガ閾値を調節することは、前記測定された特性がその特性の前記所定の閾値を超える場合に前記一致トリガ閾値を増加させること、または前記測定された特性がその特性の前記所定の閾値以下である場合に前記一致トリガ閾値を減少させることを含む、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 前記測定された特性は、前記2つ以上のPET検出器の暗カウント率であり、前記所定の閾値は、暗カウント率閾値である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記測定された特性は、前記2つ以上のPET検出器のバイアス電流であり、前記所定の閾値は、バイアス電流閾値である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線療法システムは、温度センサを備え、前記測定された特性は、温度であり、前記所定の閾値は、温度閾値である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線療法システムは、パルスカウンタを有する放射線源を備え、前記測定された特性は、前記パルスカウンタから測定されるパルスカウントであり、前記所定の閾値は、パルスカウント閾値である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線療法システムは、放射線源と、コリメータとを備え、前記放射線源および前記コリメータは、所定のタイミング公差でともに動作するように構成され、前記測定された特性は、前記所定のタイミング公差からの偏差の量であり、前記所定の閾値は、タイミング偏差閾値である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 陽電子消滅放出経路を検出するための方法であって、
1つまたは複数の放射線ビームパルスを標的領域に指向することであって、前記標的領域は、PET集中的である、ことと、
時間窓内に複数のPET検出器の一部に入射し、第1の一致トリガ閾値を超える検出器信号を生成する第1の一対の陽電子消滅光子によって画定される第1の陽電子放出経路を検出することと、
前記第1の一致トリガ閾値を第2の一致トリガ閾値に調節することと、
前記時間窓内に前記複数のPET検出器の一部に入射し、前記第2の一致トリガ閾値を超える検出器信号を生成する第2の一対の陽電子消滅光子によって画定される第2の陽電子放出経路を検出することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記第1の一致トリガ閾値は、所定数の放射線ビームパルスが前記標的領域に指向された後に第2の一致トリガ閾値に調節される、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の一致トリガ閾値を調節することは、放射線パルスのタイミングスケジュールに少なくとも部分的に基づく、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の一致トリガ閾値は、前記第1の一致トリガ閾値を上回る値を有する、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の一致トリガ閾値は、約4つの光子トリガであり、前記第1の一致トリガ閾値は、約2つの光子トリガである、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記所定数の放射線パルスは、約1,000である、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 前記所定数の放射線パルスは、第1の所定数の放射線パルスであり、前記方法はさらに、
第2の所定の数の放射線パルスが前記標的領域に指向された後に、前記第2の一致トリガ閾値を第3の一致トリガ閾値に調節することと、
前記時間窓内に前記複数のPET検出器の一部に入射し、前記第3の一致トリガ閾値を超える検出器信号を生成する第3の一対の陽電子消滅光子によって画定される第3の陽電子放出経路を検出することと
を含む、請求項50に記載の方法。 - 前記第3の一致トリガ閾値は、前記第2の一致トリガ閾値を上回り、前記第2の所定数の放射線パルスは、前記第1の所定数の放射線パルスよりも多い、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記第3の一致トリガ閾値は、約4つの光子トリガ〜約6つの光子トリガであり、前記第2の所定の数の放射線パルスは、約2,000である、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線ビームパルスはそれぞれ、パルス幅を有し、前記複数のPET検出器は、信号プロセッサを備えるコントローラと通信し、前記方法はさらに、
各放射線パルス後の所定の期間にわたって前記PET検出器から前記信号プロセッサへのデータの通信を一時中断することであって、前記所定の期間対前記パルス幅の比は、約25:1〜約100:1である、こと
を含む、請求項49に記載の方法。 - 前記データの通信を一時中断することは、ゲート信号に基づく、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲート信号は、前記放射線パルス後に少なくとも100μsの間、前記PET検出器から前記信号プロセッサへのデータの通信の一時中断を引き起こす、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲート信号は、各放射線パルス後に200μsの間、前記PET検出器から前記信号プロセッサへのデータの通信の一時中断を引き起こす、請求項60に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の一致トリガ閾値は、前記複数のPET検出器のうちの1つまたは複数のPET検出器の暗カウント率が閾値暗カウント率を超えるときに、第2の一致トリガ閾値に調節される、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記閾値暗カウント率は、約3Mcps〜約10Mcpsである、請求項62に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の一致トリガ閾値は、前記複数のPET検出器のうちの1つまたは複数のPET検出器のバイアス電流が閾値バイアス電流値を超えるときに、第2の一致トリガ閾値に調節される、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記閾値バイアス電流値は、約0.1mA〜約1mAである、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の一致トリガ閾値は、前記放射線源から放出される放射線の量が閾値放射線レベルを超えるときに、第2の一致トリガ閾値に調節される、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記閾値放射線レベルは、約0.1cGy/min〜約1cGy/minである、請求項66に記載の方法。
- 放射線療法システムであって、
1つまたは複数の照射間隔中に着目PET集中領域に向かって1つまたは複数の放射線パルスを送達するように構成される放射線源と、
1つまたは複数の検出間隔中に前記着目PET集中領域によって放出される1つまたは複数の陽電子放出経路を検出するように構成される複数のPET検出器と、
前記複数のPET検出器の上を移動可能な放射線遮断フィルタであって、前記1つまたは複数の照射間隔中に前記複数のPET検出器の上に位置付けられ、前記1つまたは複数の検出間隔中に前記PET検出器から離れて位置付けられるように構成される放射線遮断フィルタと
を備える、システム。
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EP4342521A2 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
JP2023052881A (ja) | 2023-04-12 |
WO2019014387A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
US11287540B2 (en) | 2022-03-29 |
EP3651851A4 (en) | 2021-06-23 |
US20220342095A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
US20200363540A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
US20230393292A1 (en) | 2023-12-07 |
EP3651851B1 (en) | 2023-11-08 |
US11675097B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
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CN114699655A (zh) | 2022-07-05 |
US10795037B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
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