JP2011514213A - 放射誘導の放射線治療の方法および装置 - Google Patents
放射誘導の放射線治療の方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本特許出願は、2008年3月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/036,709号、および2009年2月9日出願された米国特許出願第12/367,679号の優先権の利益を主張し、これらの出願の内容は、その全体が本明細書に参照によって援用される。
本開示は、放射線治療の装置および方法に関し、より詳細には、高エネルギ放射線を用いて体内の癌組織を治療する装置および方法に関する。
放射線治療(RT)は、腫瘍細胞を殺す高エネルギ放射線(例えば、x線)を用いて体内の癌性組織を治療する方法である。RTの2つの主要な種類、すなわち体内ビームおよび体外ビームがある。体内ビームRTは、患者の体内または治療されるべき癌性部位の近くに放射性物質を移植することによって達成される。体外ビームRTは、放射線の高エネルギビームが治療されるべき領域を通過するように、患者を通る放射線の高エネルギビームを向けることによって達成される。体外RTは、過去数十年間にわたり著しく進化してきた。健康な組織を温存しながら致死の放射線量を腫瘍に適用する努力において、腫瘍の二次元の投写像を患者の表面上で一致させるために三次元正角ビームRTなどの技術がビームを形作るために用いられる。さらに、ビームは、周囲の健康な組織に対する放射線量を最小にしながら、腫瘍に対する放射線量を最大にするように、患者の周りで様々な角度および変化する強度で適用される。これは、強度変調RT(IMRT)として公知である。
本主題は、同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って放射線をスキャンし、整列させる装置および方法に関する。方法は、セッション中に所定のボリュームと交差する放射性事象から同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することと、セッション中に放射経路に沿って放射線源を整列させることとを含む。様々な例は、個々の検出された放射事象に応じた、放射線の繰返しのタイムリーな整列を含む。様々な例は、所定のボリュームを識別する位置データを受信し、放射線に敏感な領域に放射線を方向付けることを避けることを含む。
本発明の以下の詳細な説明は、添付の図面において主題を参照し、その添付の図面は、本主題が実施され得る特定の局面および実施形態を例示として示す。これらの実施形態は、当業者が本主題を実施することが可能であるほど十分詳細に説明される。本開示における「一、1つの(an)」、「1つの(one)」、または「様々な(various)」実施形態の参照は、必ずしも同じ実施形態の参照ではなく、そのような参照は2つ以上の実施形態を意図する。従って、以下の詳細な説明は、限定する意味で解されるべきではなく、範囲は、添付の特許請求の範囲、ならびに、そのような特許請求の範囲が権利を有する法的な均等物の全範囲によってのみ定義される。
Claims (25)
- 放射線源と、
座標系内に生じる同時陽電子消滅放射を検出するように構成される同時陽電子放射検出器と、
該放射線源および該同時陽電子放射検出器と通信する制御器であって、該制御器は、該座標系内の1つ以上のボリュームと交差する同時陽電子消滅放射経路を識別することと、識別された同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って該放射線源を整列させることを行うように構成される、制御器と
を備えている、装置。 - 前記制御器に接続される運動システムをさらに備え、該運動システムは、前記1つ以上のボリュームの周りで前記放射線源を動かすように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記運動システムは、円形ガントリを含む、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記運動システムは、Cアームガントリシステムを含む、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器に接続されるマルチリーフ視準アセンブリをさらに備え、該視準アセンブリは、1つ以上の同時陽電子放射経路に沿って前記放射線を同時に方向付けるように適合される、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、所定の放射線量が前記1つ以上のボリュームの各ボリュームに加えられるまで、複数の個々の同時陽電子消滅経路に沿って放射線を連続的に適用するように構成される、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 第2の放射線源をさらに備え、前記制御器は、第2の識別された同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って該第2の放射線源を整列させるように構成される、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記放射線源は、高エネルギ光子放射線源を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記放射線源は、高エネルギ電子放射線源を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記放射線源は、陽子ビーム放射線源を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記放射線源の反対側に取り付けられるx線検出器のアレイをさらに備えている、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、同時陽電子消滅放射経路を識別する所定の時間内に該同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って前記放射線源を整列させるように構成される、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の装置。
- セッション中に起こる放射性事象から同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することと、
該セッション中に該放射経路に沿って放射線源を整列させることと
を包含する、方法。 - 所定のボリュームの位置データを受信することをさらに包含する、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 位置データを受信することは、前記放射線源に対して前記ボリュームの位置を合わせることを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記ボリュームの位置を合わせることは、前記放射線の供給源を用いて該ボリュームの低放射線量の断層撮影スキャンを行うことを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 検出することは、第1の陽電子放射断層撮影(PET)カメラおよび第2のPETカメラを用いて同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することを含む、請求項13〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記放射線源を整列させることは、該放射線源と、少なくとも2つの陽電子放射断層撮影カメラと、x線検出器のアレイとを所定のボリュームの周りに回転させることを包含する、請求項13〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記放射線源を整列させることは、さらなる同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出しながら、
該放射線源と、少なくとも2つの陽電子放射断層撮影カメラと、x線検出器のアレイとを所定のボリュームの周りに回転させることを包含する、請求項13〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記放射線源を整列させることは、前記同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って放射線を方向付ける視準アセンブリを構成することを含む、請求項13〜19のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記セッション中に前記放射経路に沿って放射線を方向付けることをさらに包含する、請求項13〜20のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記x線検出器のアレイを用いて前記同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って方向付けられた放射線量を記録することをさらに包含する、請求項13〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 放射線を方向付けることは、前記セッション中の所定の時間内に前記放射経路に沿って放射線を方向付けることを含む、請求項13〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- さらなる同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することと、
前記セッション中の所定の時間内に該検出されたさらなる同時陽電子消滅放射経路の選択された放射経路に沿って前記放射線源を整列させることと、
該セッション中に該放射経路に沿ってさらなる放射線を方向付けることと
をさらに包含する、請求項13〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記方向付けられたさらなる放射線のさらなる放射線量を記録することと、
蓄積された総放射線量が所定の放射線量を満足するまで、前記方向付けられた放射線の総放射線量を蓄積することと
をさらに包含する、請求項24に記載の方法。
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