JP2017536686A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910004463 Li(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910004449 Li(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003557 Li(Ni0.30Co0.10Mn0.50)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003588 Li(Ni0.35Co0.15Mn0.50)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003712 Li(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003900 Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002998 Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019775 (Ni0.6CO0.2Mn0.2)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020061 (Ni0.97Co0.03)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004403 Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002999 Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006465 Li—Ni—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006467 Li—Ni—Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018669 Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
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- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M4/1315—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
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- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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Abstract
Description
ニッケルと、マンガンと、コバルトとを含む層状構造であり、一次粒子が凝集された二次粒子であって、
前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である中心層と、
前記中心層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトのうち少なくとも1つの濃度が勾配を示す濃度勾配層と、
前記濃度勾配層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である表面層と、を含み、
前記濃度勾配層の厚さが10nm乃至500nmであることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を提供する。
前記二次粒子は、
下記化学式1で表示され、遷移金属の濃度が一定であるコア層と、
前記コア層の外殻に形成され、1つ以上の遷移金属の濃度が連続的に変わって濃度勾配を示す濃度勾配層と、
下記化学式2で表示され、前記濃度勾配層の外殻に形成され、遷移金属の濃度が一定である表面層と、を含むことを特徴とする。
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式1において、0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.10、0≦b≦0.10、0≦c≦0.10、0≦y≦0.1、Meは、Al、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、Xは、F、BO3、PO4等の陰イオンから選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は乃至分子である。)
<化学式2>
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式2において、0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.35、0≦b≦0.70、0≦c≦0.20、0≦y≦0.1、Meは、Al、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、XはF、BO3、PO4等の陰イオンから選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は分子である。)
本発明によるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質において、前記濃度勾配層の一次粒子は、リチウムイオン拡散経路が二次粒子の中心方向に向かうことを特徴とする。
第1段階として、内容積100L容量の共沈反応器(co-precipitationreactor、回転モーターの出力80W以上)に蒸留水20Lと、キレート剤としてアンモニア1000gとを加えた後、反応器内の温度を40℃〜50℃に維持しながら、300rpm〜1000rpmで反応器内部のインペラを攪拌した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2からLi(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.2)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2からLi(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.2)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2からLi(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2まで連続的な、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.35Co0.15Mn0.50)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2からLi(Ni0.35Co0.15Mn0.50)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.30Co0.10Mn0.50)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2からLi(Ni0.30Co0.10Mn0.50)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
連続式反応器(100L、CSTR反応器)に蒸留水60Lとキレート剤としてアンモニアを1000gとを加えた後、反応器内の温度を40℃〜50℃に維持しながら、インペラを300rpm乃至1000rpmで攪拌した。また、反応器に窒素ガスを3L/min流量に連続的に供給した。次に硫酸ニッケルと、硫酸コバルトと、硫酸マンガンモルとの比が8:1:1で混合された1M濃度の前駆体水溶液を3.25L/hrで、28%濃度のアンモニア水溶液を0.15L/hrで、反応器に連続して投入した。また、pH調整のために25%濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を0.8L/hrの速度に供給してpHが11〜12になるように反応槽内に連続的に供給した。反応溶液温度は50±2℃に維持した。
実施例1乃至6及び比較例1にて製造された正極活物質粒子及び破断面のSEM写真を測定し、その結果を図3及び図4に示した。
前記実施例2及び3の粒子内の一次粒子の模様及び構造と遷移金属の濃度をTEM及びEDXを利用して測定し、その結果を図5乃至図6に示した。
前記実施例1乃至6及び比較例1にて製造されたリチウム金属複合酸化物の組成及び粒度分布を粒度分析器により測定して下記の表1に示した。
前記実施例1乃至6及び比較例1の製造された正極活物質と、導電剤としてsuper−P(登録商標)と、結合剤としてポリビニリデンフロランド(PVdF)とを92:5:3の重量比で混合してスラリーを製造した。前記スラリーを15μm厚さのアルミニウム薄に均一に塗布し、135℃で真空乾燥してリチウム二次電池用正極を製造した。
前記実施例1乃至6及び比較例1で製造された活物質により製造された電池の初期容量、初期効率、率特性、及び寿命特性を測定し、その結果を下の表2に示した。
Claims (12)
- ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトを含む層状構造であり、一次粒子が凝集された二次粒子であり、
前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である中心層と、
前記中心層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの中で少なくとも1つの濃度が勾配を示す濃度勾配層と、
前記濃度勾配層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である表面層と、を含み、
前記濃度勾配層の厚さが10nm乃至500nmであることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記表面層の厚さが10nm乃至200nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子内のリチウムイオン拡散経路(lithiumion diffusion path)が二次粒子の中心方向に形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子のアスペクト比が1以上であり、前記一次粒子内のリチウムイオン拡散経路が粒子の長軸方向に形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記アスペクト比が1以上であり、前記粒子内のリチウムイオン拡散経路が粒子の長軸方向に形成される一次粒子が占める面積が全体面積の20%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子内のリチウムイオン拡散経路が、二次粒子の中心方向で±45°以内に傾斜していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- リチウムイオン拡散経路が二次粒子の中心方向に向かう一次粒子が占める面積が、全体粒子面積の40%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子が粒子全体の中心方向への方向性を有して形成され、前記一次粒子内のリチウムイオン拡散経路が粒子全体の中心方向に形成され、前記二次粒子の表面から中心までリチウムイオン拡散経路が一次元又は二次元のトンネル構造を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- <化学式1>
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式1で0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.35、0≦b≦0.70、0≦c≦0.20、0≦y≦0.1、MeはAl、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、XはF、BO3、PO4の陰イオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は分子である。)
<化学式2>
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式2で0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.10、0≦b≦0.1、0≦c≦0.1、0≦y≦0.1、MeはAl、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、XはF、BO3、PO4の陰イオンからなされたグループから選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は分子である。)
前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である中心層は上記化学式1で表示され、
前記表面層は、上記化学式2で表示されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記濃度勾配層の一次粒子のリチウムイオン拡散経路が、二次粒子の中心方向に向かうことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子は、針状、板状、直方体、傾いた直方体又は円柱状であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池。
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EP3024070A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
US20160359165A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
CN105993090B (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
JP7412258B2 (ja) | 2024-01-12 |
US10522823B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
JP2023155469A (ja) | 2023-10-20 |
PL3024070T3 (pl) | 2021-05-04 |
WO2016052820A1 (ko) | 2016-04-07 |
JP2022000856A (ja) | 2022-01-04 |
EP3024070B1 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
EP3024070A1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
CN105993090A (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
HUE052913T2 (hu) | 2021-05-28 |
KR101555594B1 (ko) | 2015-10-06 |
JP7461914B2 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
JP2020109772A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
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