JP2015529960A - 内部ナノ粒子を有する骨格マトリックス - Google Patents
内部ナノ粒子を有する骨格マトリックス Download PDFInfo
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- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本特許出願は、2013年8月22日に出願された、題名「内部ナノ粒子を有する骨格マトリックス」の米国特許出願第13/973,943号、及び、2012年8月24日に出願された、題名「内部ナノ粒子を有する骨格マトリックス」の米国特許仮出願第61/693,070号の優先権を主張し、これらの出願は、参照により本明細書中に明示的に組み込まれる。
Claims (20)
- 複合粒子を含む電池電極組成物であって、
各複合粒子が、
電池作動時にイオンを貯蔵及び放出するために用意された活物質であり、前記イオンの前記貯蔵及び放出が前記活物質の体積の実質的な変化を引き起こす活物質と、
前記活物質がその内に配置されている多孔質導電性骨格マトリックスであり、前記活物質を構造的に支持し、前記活物質を電気的に相互接続し、前記活物質の体積の前記変化に対応する前記多孔質導電性骨格マトリックスとを含む、電池電極組成物。 - 各複合粒子が、前記活物質及び前記骨格マトリックスを少なくとも部分的に包み込むシェルを更に含み、該シェルが、前記活物質によって貯蔵及び放出される前記イオンに対して実質的に透過性である、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記シェルが、電解質溶媒分子に対して実質的に非透過性である材料から形成される保護層を備える、請求項2に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記シェルが活物質層を備え、前記骨格マトリックス内に配置されている前記活物質が、第1の活物質から形成され、前記活物質層が第2の活物質から形成される、請求項2に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記第1の活物質が、前記第2の活物質に対して実質的により高い容量を有する、請求項4に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記シェルが、前記骨格マトリックスよりも小さい平均細孔径を有する多孔質層を備える、請求項2に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記骨格マトリックス内に配置されている前記活物質が第1の活物質から形成され、前記シェルの前記多孔質層内の少なくとも一部の細孔に、第2の活物質が浸透している、請求項6に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記シェルが、内層及び外層を備える複合材料である、請求項2に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記内層が、前記骨格マトリックスよりも小さい平均細孔径を有する多孔質層であり、前記外層が、(i)電解質溶媒分子に対して実質的に非透過性である材料から形成される保護層、または(ii)前記骨格マトリックス内に配置されている前記活物質とは異なる活物質から形成される活物質層である、請求項8に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 各複合粒子が、前記骨格マトリックスがその周りに配置される活物質コアを更に含み、前記骨格マトリックス内に配置されている前記活物質が第1の活物質から形成され、前記活物質コアが第2の活物質から形成される、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記第1の活物質が、前記第2の活物質に対して実質的により高い容量を有する、請求項10に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 各複合粒子が、前記骨格マトリックスの外表面から前記骨格マトリックスの中心に対して延在する外部チャネル細孔を更に含み、前記イオンの平均拡散距離を縮小することによって、前記骨格マトリックス内に配置されている前記活物質への前記イオンのより速い拡散のためのチャネルを提供する、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記外部チャネル細孔の少なくとも一部が、(i)前記骨格マトリックスとは異なるミクロ構造を有する多孔質材料、(ii)前記骨格マトリックス内に配置されている前記活物質とは異なる活物質、及び/または(iii)固体電解質材料で充填されている、請求項12に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 電池作動時の前記活物質の体積の前記変化が、前記骨格マトリックスの体積の相当する変化を100%超上回る、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記活物質がシリコンを含む、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 複合粒子を含む電池電極組成物を作製する方法であって、
電池作動時にイオンを貯蔵及び放出するための活物質であり、前記イオンの前記貯蔵及び放出が前記活物質の体積の実質的な変化を引き起こす活物質を用意すること、並びに
前記活物質がその内に配置されている多孔質導電性骨格マトリックスであり、該骨格マトリックスが前記活物質を構造的に支持し、前記活物質を電気的に相互接続し、前記活物質の体積の前記変化に対応する前記多孔質導電性骨格マトリックスを形成することを含む、方法。 - 前記骨格マトリックスを形成することが、
炭素含有前駆体を形成すること、
前記炭素含有前駆体を酸化及び炭化して、炭化粒子を形成すること、並びに
前記炭化粒子を高温で活性化して、前記骨格マトリックスを形成することを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記骨格マトリックスを形成することが、(i)化学気相成長法、(ii)溶液浸透に続く溶媒蒸発、(iii)溶液浸透に続く溶媒蒸発及びアニーリング、(iv)溶液浸透に続く非溶媒添加時の沈殿、(v)ゾルゲル、(vi)蒸気浸透、(vii)原子層成長法、(viii)電気めっきまたは(ix)溶解浸透による、前記骨格マトリックスへの前記活物質の浸透を更に含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記活物質及び前記骨格マトリックスを少なくとも部分的に包み込むシェルを形成することを更に含み、前記シェルが、前記活物質によって貯蔵及び放出される前記イオンに対して実質的に透過性である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記シェルが、内層及び外層を備える複合材料として形成され、前記内層が、前記骨格マトリックスよりも小さい平均細孔径を有する多孔質層であり、前記外層が、(i)電解質溶媒分子に対して実質的非透過性である材料から形成される保護層、または(ii)前記骨格マトリックス内に配置されている前記活物質とは異なる活物質から形成される活物質層である、請求項19に記載の方法。
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