JP2015520012A - 水素発生触媒の調製方法、該触媒、及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
水素発生触媒の調製方法、該触媒、及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015520012A JP2015520012A JP2015503885A JP2015503885A JP2015520012A JP 2015520012 A JP2015520012 A JP 2015520012A JP 2015503885 A JP2015503885 A JP 2015503885A JP 2015503885 A JP2015503885 A JP 2015503885A JP 2015520012 A JP2015520012 A JP 2015520012A
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- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- catalyst
- nickel
- potential
- ion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000486 photoelectrochemical deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 vanadate ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N dimethylglyoxime Chemical compound O/N=C(/C)\C(\C)=N\O JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JJZONEUCDUQVGR-WXUKJITCSA-N (NE)-N-[(2E)-2-hydroxyimino-1,2-diphenylethylidene]hydroxylamine Chemical compound c1ccccc1\C(=N/O)\C(=N\O)\c1ccccc1 JJZONEUCDUQVGR-WXUKJITCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGQVJNSXZWLJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iminobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=N)C(C)=O UGQVJNSXZWLJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003071 TaON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940063013 borate ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005654 nitrite ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100030361 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) pph-3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 25
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000192 extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 108010020056 Hydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 5
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- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
Description
− MはNi又はCoを表し;
− nは0〜6の整数、特に2又は3であり;
− R0は同じでも異なっていてもよく、H、BF2、BPh2、B(R1)2、B(OR1)2、及びBFR1から選ばれる基を表し;
− R0’は同じでも異なっていてもよく、H、BF、BPh、B(R1)、及びB(OR1)から選ばれる基を表し;
− Lは溶媒分子(水、アセトン、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、アセトニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ピリジン等)、アニオン性配位子(ハロゲン等)、擬ハロゲン(SCN−、シアニド、ヒドリド等)、酸素化されたアニオン(硝酸アニオン、硫酸アニオン、スルホン酸アニオン、過塩素酸アニオン等)、一般的な単座配位子(ピリジン、イミダゾール、トリアゾール、CO、H2、ホルミル、ホスフィン等)、及びニトリル又はイソニトリル配位子(アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル、トリメチルイソニトリル、ベンジルイソニトリル等)から選ばれ;
− R1は同じでも異なっていてもよく、Cl、Br、I、F、H、C1〜C20アルキル、C1〜C20アルケニル、C1〜C20アルキニル、C6〜C30アリール、及びC6〜C30アラルキルから選ばれる基を表し、これらは−OH、−NH2、−COOH、−CONH2、及びトリアゾール環から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有してよく、また−CO−O−CO−及び−CO−NH−CO−から選ばれる1つ以上の連結基を有してもよく、2つ以上のR1置換基が任意に互いに結合していてもよい。
− MはNi又はCoを表し;
− nは0〜6の整数、特に2、3、4、又は5であり;
− R1及びR2は同じでも異なっていてもよく、H、C1〜C20アルキル、C1〜C20アルケニル、C1〜C20アルキニル、C6〜C30アリール、及びC6〜C30アラルキルから選ばれる基を表し、これらは−OH、−NH2、−COOH、−CONH2、及びトリアゾール環から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有してよく、また−CO−O−CO−及び−CO−NH−CO−から選ばれる1つ以上の連結基を有してもよく、2つ以上のR1置換基が任意に互いに結合し、且つ/或いは2つ以上のR2置換基が任意に互いに結合していてもよい。
a)半導性又は導電性の材料からなる固体支持体(特に上記のように定義した支持体)を、少なくとも1種のコバルト又はニッケルの有機錯体(特に上記のように定義した錯体)と少なくとも1種の塩基性オキソアニオン(特に上記のように定義したオキソアニオン)とを含む略中性水溶液(特に上記のように定義した水溶液)に接触させる工程、及び
b)半導性又は導電性の材料からなる固体支持体上に、触媒が還元電着、光化学電着、又は光電気化学析出される適切な条件を設定する工程
からなる。
I.1.材料
以下のH2−CoCatの調製に用いるコバルト錯体は、[Co(DO)(DOH)pnCl2][15]及び[Co(dmgBF2)2(H2O)2][27](dmgH2はジメチルグリオキシム)であり、上述の手順に従って調製した。
フッ素ドープ酸化スズ(FTO)で被覆されたスライドガラス(表面抵抗率7〜10Ω/sq、厚さ6000Å)は、ソレム社(Solems、仏国)から購入した。
KH2PO4(98〜100.5%)及びK2HPO4(99%)は、それぞれカルロ・エルバ社(Carlo Erba)及びアクロス・オーガニック社(Acros Organics)から購入した。分析試薬等級のZnCl2(フルカ、純度>98%)及びKCl(フルカ、純度99.5%)は更に精製することなくZnOの調製に用いた。
FTO基板上にZnOナノロッドを堆積させる際には三電極電気化学セルを用いた。電気化学的成長は、E=−1.0V(対SCE)、印加電荷密度10及び30C・cm−2、並びにT=80℃の条件で行った。
更なる詳細については[28]に見られる。
X線光電子分光(XPS)分析は、高分解能単色Al−Kα線X線源を1486.6eVで用いるクラトス・アクシス・ウルトラDLD(Kratos Axis Ultra DLD)によって行った。内殻準位スキャンには20eVの固定分析器パスエネルギーを用いた。測定スペクトルは160eVのパスエネルギーで取り込んだ。光電子取り出し角は表面に対して垂直であり、一体化サンプリング深度は約15nmとした。全てのスペクトルは、Au4fの結合エネルギーが84.0eVの外部金基板を基準として得た。定量化にはワグナー(Wagner)の報告による相対感度因子を用いた[29]。炭素量は試料によって異なり、大気及び/又は電着後のエタノール洗浄による炭素汚染に対応する。
電気化学分析は、バイオロジック社(Bio-logic)のSP300ポテンショスタットを用いて行った。FTOは、バックグラウンドH2発生を最小限に抑えITO基板の還元分解を回避するため[30、31]の電極材料として、グラファイトやITO(インジウムスズ酸化物)よりも好ましい。
[Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4−対(リン酸緩衝液中、pH=7におけるE0=0.20V(対Ag/AgCl))が、この測定の標準化に使用されている。
堆積を開始する前に、実験の安定性及び実験再現性を確保するために、0.5Mリン酸カリウム緩衝液(KPi、pH7.0)中、FTO基板に−1V及び+1Vを印加するサイクルを数百回行う。
触媒フィルムは、0.5MのKPi(pH7.0)中、新たに調製した0.1mMのCo(DO)(DOH)pnCl2溶液の定電位電解によって成長させた。この電解を−1V(対Ag/AgCl)で約3時間行うことで、ナノ粒子からなる厚さ数マイクロメートルの触媒フィルムを得る。
この間、フィルムは作用電極の表面上に形成される。フィルム形成が完了した後、基板を、電位を還元条件の−1V(対Ag/AgCl)に設定し、コバルトを含まない0.5MのKPi(pH7.0)に移す。
光析出は、0.1MのKPi(pH7.0)中に新たに調製した0.5mM又は0.1mMのCo(DO)(DOH)pnCl2溶液を含むUVセルに、ZnO電極を浸漬し、試料にUVハンドランプの光(VL−6LC、λ=254nm)を3時間照射して行った。
ガラス状炭素基板(SIGRADUR K、厚さ100μm)は、2〜15Ω/sqの表面抵抗率を有し、HTWホッホテンペラトゥール・ヴェルクストッフェ社(HTW Hochtemperatur-Werkstoffe GmbH)製のものであった。KH2PO4(99.5%)及びK2HPO4(99.5%)はアプリケム社(AppliChem)から購入した。
II.1.触媒材料の調製
A.還元電着による調製
図1は、KPi(0.5M、pH7)中、FTO電極でのCo(DO)(DOH)pnCl2溶液(0.1mM)のリニアスイープボルタンメトリー実験の間に得られた結果を示す(黒平線トレース、0.05mV・s−1)。−0.9V(対Ag/AgCl)に還元プロセスの開始が見られる。同時に行ったガスクロマトグラフィーによるH2生成モニタリング(黒点線トレース)は、このとき水素が生成していないことを示している。電極電位をより負の値(−0.95V(対Ag/AgCl)より低い電位)に切り替えると、H2が生成する。
最後に、本発明者らは、光化学的手順によってもH2−CoCatを堆積させうることを確認した。
新規材料の構造は、X線光電子分光法(XPS)、エネルギー分散X線(EDX)分光法、X線吸収端近傍構造(XANES)分光法、及び拡張X線吸収微細構造(EXAFS)分光法によって明らかにした。
適当な正電位(+1.16V(対Ag/AgCl))でH2−CoCat電極を平衡状態にすることで、1mA・cm−2の安定アノード電流密度(図10)が得られ、付随して定量的ファラデー収率で酸素が発生する。90分間後の電極のSEM観察(図2C)は、均一で薄く、乾燥による割れ目を有するフィルムを示している。このフィルムは、2008年にケイナン(Kanan)及びノセラ(Nocera)によって報告されたO2−CoCat材料[2、3]のために得られるものに非常に似ている。
式2 Co2++2e−→H2−CoCat
式3 2H2O→O2+4H++4e−
本発明者らは、コバルト元素がコバルトのオキソ/ヒドロキソ−リン酸化合物で被覆されてなる新規ナノ粒子コバルト系材料(H2−CoCat)を堆積させるために、コバルト錯体を使用できることを発見した。後者の化合物は、厳密な中性条件下で、水素発生用の触媒材料として活性を示すことが分かっている。これは、強酸性条件下で活性な貴金属ナノ粒子と、強アルカリ性条件下でH2発生を触媒する伝統的なNi系又はCo系の金属化合物[37]との間のギャップを埋める。
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Claims (12)
- (半)導電性の材料からなる固体支持体上に触媒を調製する方法であって、還元電着、光化学電着、及び光電気化学析出からなる群から選ばれる手法によって、少なくとも1種のニッケル又はコバルトの有機錯体と少なくとも1種の塩基性オキソアニオンとを含む略中性水溶液から、前記触媒を前記支持体上に析出させることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記固体支持体の前記材料が、金属材料、炭素材料、並びに半導性又は導電性の金属酸化物、金属窒化物、及び金属カルコゲニドからなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記固体支持体の前記材料が、ケイ素、黄銅、ステンレス鋼、鉄、銅、ニッケル、コバルト、アルミニウム、銀、金、チタン、カーボンブラック、単層又は多層のカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)、フラーレンナノ粒子、グラファイト、ガラス状炭素、グラフェン、還元グラフェン酸化物、ドープダイヤモンド、TiO2、NiO、ZnO、ZrO2、ITO、SnO2、WO3、Fe2O3、BiVO4、Ta2O5、Ta3N5、TaON、ZnS、ZnSe、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、ZnTe、及びこれらの複合材料からなる群から選ばれ、これらには他の元素をドープしてもよいことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記略中性水溶液が、pHが5〜9、好適には6〜8、とりわけ6.3〜7.7、特に6.5〜7.5、更には6.7〜7.3の溶液であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記略中性水溶液がpH7の水溶液であることを特徴とする先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記コバルト又はニッケルの有機錯体が、コバルト又はニッケルのジオキシム/ジイミン錯体及びコバルト又はニッケルのアミン/イミン/ピリジン錯体からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記コバルト又はニッケルの有機錯体が、[Co(DO)(DOH)pnCl2]((DOH)(DOH)pnはN2,N2’−プロパンジイルビス(2,3−ブタンジオン−2−イミン−3−オキシム)を表す)、[Co(DO)(DOH)pnBr2]、[Co((DO)2BF2)pnBr2](((DO)2BF2)pnはN2,N2’−プロパンジイルビス(2,3−ブタンジオン−2−イミン−3−オキシマト)−N1、N1’−ジフルオロボリルを表す)、[Co(MO)(MOH)pnCl2]((MOH)(MOH)pnはN2,N2’−プロパンジイルビス(1,2−プロパンジオン−2−イミン−1−オキシム)を表す)、[Ni((DO)2BF2)pn](ClO4)、[Co(dmgBF2)2(H2O)2](dmgH2はジメチルグリオキシムを表す)、[Co(dmgH)2pyCl]、[Co(dmgH)2(OH2)2]、[Co(dmgBF2)2(DMF)2]、[Co(dmgBF2)2(CH3CN)2]、[Co(dpgBF2)2(H2O)2](dpgH2はジフェニルグリオキシムを表す)、[Co(dpgBF2)2(DMF)2]、[Co(dpgBF2)2(CH3CN)2]、[Ni(dmgBF2)2]、[Ni(dmgH)2]、[Ni(DO)(DOH)pn](ClO4)、[Ni(MO)(MOH)pnCl]、[Ni((DO)2BF2)pn](ClO4)、[Co(DO)(DOH)pnBr(PPh3)]、[Co(DO)(DOH)pn(PPh3)]、[Co(dmg)3(BF)2]+、[Co(dpg)3(BF)2]+、[Co(dmg)3(BPh)2]0/1+、及び[Co(dpg)3(BPh)2]0/1+からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記塩基性オキソアニオンが、リン酸イオン、炭酸イオン、ヒ酸イオン、ホウ酸イオン、バナジウム酸イオン、クロム酸イオン、ホスホン酸イオン、亜リン酸イオン、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン、硫酸イオン、スルホン酸イオン、モリブデン酸イオン、及びタングステン酸イオンからなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記還元電着が、前記固体支持体に、−0.4Vより低い電位(例えばAg/AgClに対する電位)、とりわけ−0.6Vより低い電位(例えばAg/AgClに対する電位)、特に−0.8Vより低い電位(例えばAg/AgClに対する電位)、更には約−1Vの電位(例えばAg/AgClに対する電位)を印加することを含むことを特徴とする先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の調製方法によって得られる触媒であって、平均直径5〜150nm(特に10〜100nm)のナノ粒子を含むナノ粒子形態を有し、コバルト/ニッケルのオキソ/ヒドロキソ/オキソアニオンの層(又は化合物)によって被覆(又はコート)された元素(即ち金属)コバルト/ニッケルからなることを特徴とする触媒。
- 請求項10に記載の触媒又は請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の調製方法によって得られる触媒で被覆されていることを特徴とする電極。
- 請求項10に記載の触媒又は請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の調製方法によって得られる触媒、或いは請求項11に記載の電極を、水素発生に使用する方法。
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US10137435B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
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