JP2011519133A - リチウム二次電池用非水電解質及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用非水電解質及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- lithium secondary
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- -1 sultone compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical group CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OEGIECZCFVBATD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1(C=C)COC(=O)O1 OEGIECZCFVBATD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CHEDCMPRPAISMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1(C)COC(=O)O1 CHEDCMPRPAISMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQIXVSINDMARGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1(C=C)COC(=O)O1 WQIXVSINDMARGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BYZMFGCSBOJDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C=C BYZMFGCSBOJDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ALDNGCLQBGQFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C=C ALDNGCLQBGQFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AZXYIDZZKPZLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-5-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1OC(=O)OC1C=C AZXYIDZZKPZLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)(=O)O1 OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
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- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910015013 LiAsF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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Abstract
Description
Rは−(CH2)n−であり、
nは1〜10の整数であり得る。〕
本発明による非水電解質は、非水電解質100重量部に対し、1〜5重量部のジニトリル系化合物を含む。該含量が1重量部未満であれば、高温寿命性能及び安定性が低下し、5重量部を超過すれば、正極との副反応が増加して気体発生が多くなることで電池の厚さが増加する。
エチレンカーボネート(EC):ジエチルカーボネート(DEC):プロピレンカーボネート(PC)=2:7:1の体積比で混合した溶媒にLiPF6を添加して1M LiPF6溶液を製造した後、非水電解質100重量部に対して1,3‐(1‐プロペン)スルトン(PRS)1重量部、ビニルエチレンカーボネート(VEC)1重量部、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)5.38重量部、及びコハク酸ニトリル(SN)1重量部を添加して非水電解質を製造した。
ジエチルカーボネートの代わりにジエチルカーボネートとエチルメチルカーボネートとの1:1混合物を使用したことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で非水電解質を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC):ジエチルカーボネート(DEC):プロピレンカーボネート(PC)=2:7:1の体積比で混合した溶媒にLiPF6を添加して1M LiPF6溶液を製造し、非水電解質とした。
コハク酸ニトリルを使用しないことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で非水電解質を製造した。
1,3‐(1‐プロペン)スルトン(PRS)を使用しないことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で非水電解質を製造した。
実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜3によって製造した非水電解質を含み、正極としてLiCoO2、負極として人造黒鉛を使用して通常の方法で円筒型のリチウム二次電池を製造した。製造した電池を23℃及び45℃で400回充放電した後、初期容量に対する容量変化及び厚さ変化を測定した。23℃における容量変化及び厚さ変化の測定データは図1に示し、45℃における容量変化及び厚さ変化の測定データは図2に示した。
Claims (9)
- リチウム二次電池用非水電解質であって、
リチウム塩と、有機溶媒を含んでなり、
前記非水電解質100重量部に対し、
環状構造内に炭素‐炭素不飽和結合を有するスルトン系化合物1〜5重量部と、
ビニル基を有する環状カーボネート化合物1〜5重量部と、
ハロゲンに置換された環状カーボネート化合物5〜10重量部と、及び
ジニトリル系化合物1〜5重量部とを含んでなる、リチウム二次電池用非水電解質。 - 前記環状構造内に炭素‐炭素不飽和結合を有するスルトン系化合物が、1,3‐(1‐プロペン)スルトンである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- 前記ビニル基を有する環状カーボネート化合物が、4‐エテニル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐2‐オン、4‐エテニル‐4‐メチル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐2‐オン、4‐エテニル‐4‐エチル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐2‐オン、4‐エテニル‐4‐n‐プロピル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐2‐オン、4‐エテニル‐5‐メチル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐2‐オン、4‐エテニル‐5‐エチル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐2‐オン及び4‐エテニル‐5‐n‐プロピル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐2‐オンからなる群より選択されるいずれか一種またはこれらのうち二種以上の混合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- 前記ハロゲンに置換された環状カーボネート化合物が、フルオロエチレンカーボネートである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- 前記リチウム塩が、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、CF3SO3Li及びLiC(CF3SO2)3からなる群より選択されるいずれか一種またはこれらのうち二種以上の混合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- 前記有機溶媒が、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネート、ジメチルスルホキシド、アセトニトリル、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、ビニレンカーボネート、スルホラン、γ‐ブチロラクトン、エチレンスルファート、プロピレンスルファート、テトラヒドロフランからなる群より選択されるいずれか一種またはこれらのうち二種以上の混合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- リチウム二次電池であって、
リチウム含有酸化物よりなる正極と、
リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出できる炭素材よりなる負極と、及び
非水電解質とを備えてなり、
前記非水電解質が、請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質である、リチウム二次電池。
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