JP2011255197A - 薬剤放出生分解性繊維インプラント - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】放出された治療薬の空間的及び時間的分布が、マトリクス中の所定の不均一な治療薬のパターンを使用することにより制御される生分解性高分子繊維を含んでなるインプラント。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、1999年8月6日に出願された仮出願番号60/147,827に基づく優先権を主張する。
(発明の分野)
本発明は、医薬及び組織加工、特に薬剤放出性の生分解性インプラントに関する。
本発明の不均一骨格を製造するために、治療薬は、ここに記載する方法によりマトリクスの個々の繊維にカプセル化される。治療薬は、個々の繊維から徐々に、制御された方法で放出される。繊維という形式は、微小球、多孔質の栓又はパッチといったこの分野で馴染み深いことが知られた他の徐放薬剤を越える薬剤送達基盤としての利点を有する。繊維の主な利点は、それらが複雑な織られた(図1)、又はパターンの無い織られない(図2)骨格を提供し、細胞が接着し、拡散し、分化し、成熟して適当な機能細胞となることを可能にすることである。それらはパターンを形成できるので、「気の利いた織物」を織って、放出される特定の化学向性因子により特定タイプの細胞の骨格の特定領域への泳動を誘発することができる。この骨格は、胚性発達の間及び胚後期組織の両方で細胞外マトリクスの機能を模倣する。さらに、単繊維は、それは天然様構造から想起されない組織修復又は再構築のための成長物質を提供する独特の骨格に成形することができる。
本発明での使用に適した高分子は、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリアンヒドリド、キトサン、又は硫酸化キトサンの単独重合体、共重合体又は重合体の混合物を含む。再生コラーゲン又は天然シルクなどの天然由来の高分子も使用してよい。当業者は、これらの高分子が、この発明で使用できる生分解性高分子マトリクスのクラスの単なる例であることを理解するであろう。さらなる生分解性マトリクスは、ポリアンヒドリド、ポリオルトエステル、及びポリ(アミノ酸)を含む(Peppas and Langer, 1994)。これらのマトリクスの任意のもの、この発明において使用するための制御された特性を持つ生分解性高分子マトリクスの製造に利用される。非毒性分解生成物を生じる更なる生分解性高分子を表1に列挙する。
本発明の高分子繊維でカプセル化される治療薬の一つのクラスは血管新生を促進する治療薬である。新たな組織の奏効する加工は血管ネットワークの確立を必要とする。血管新生の誘導は種々の因子によって媒介され、その任意のものが本発明と組み合わせて使用されうる(Folkman and Klagsbrun, 1987, 及びそこに列挙された引用文献、それら各々の全体を参考として取り入れる)。血管新生因子の例は、限定されないが、血管内皮細胞成長因子(VEGF)又は血管透過因子(VPF);酸性繊維芽成長因子(aFGF)及び塩基性繊維芽成長因子(bFGF)を含む繊維芽成長因子ファミリーのメンバー;インターロイキン-8(IL-8);上皮細胞成長因子(EGF);血小板誘導成長因子(PDGF)又は血小板誘導上皮細胞成長因子(PD-ECGF);トランスフォーミング成長因子アルファ及びベータ(TGF-α、TGF-β);腫瘍壊死因子アルファ(TNF-α);肝細胞成長因子(HGF);顆粒球−マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF);インシュリン成長因子-1(IGF-1);アンギオゲニン;アンギオトロピン(angiotropin);フィブリン及びニコチンアミドを含む(Folkman, 1986, 1995; Auerbach and Auerbach, 1994; Fidler and Ellis, 1994; Folkman and Klagsbrun, 1987; Nagy等, 1995)。
或る実施態様では、本発明の高分子繊維に組み込まれた特定のサイトカインの使用が考慮される。下記の表2は、本発明での使用が考えられるサイトカイン及び関連因子のリストの例であり、限定するものではない。
本発明の高分子繊維に導入されるポリヌクレオチドは、核酸分子の全ての種類まで拡張される。即ち核酸は、ゲノムDNA、cDNA、一本鎖DNA、二本鎖DNA、三本鎖DNA、オリゴヌクレオチド、Z-DNA、mRNA、tRNA及び他のRNAを含む。DNA分子は、DNAがリボザイム又はアンチセンスRNA等の治療的RNAを発現するために使用される場合であっても、一般に好ましい。
本発明の種々の態様で必要とされる全ての必須材料及び試薬は、ともにキットとして集合させることができる。また本発明のキットは、典型的には、商業的販売のために近接して入れられた所定の成分を含むバイアルを収容する手段、例えば、中に所定のバイアルが保持される射出又はブロー成形されたプラスチック容器等を含む。容器の数又はタイプに関わらず、本発明のキットは典型的にはキット成分の使用のための指示書をともに梱包する。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施態様を示すために含まれている。当業者は、以下の実施例で開示される技術が本発明の実施において良く機能することを本発明者等が発見した技術を示し、その実施のための好ましい形態を構成するために考慮されうることを理解すべきである。しかしながら、当業者は、この開示に照らして、開示される特定の実施態様において多くの変更が可能であり、本発明の精神及び範囲から離れることなく同様又は類似の結果が得られることを理解すべきである。
治療薬を含む高分子繊維の製造
本発明の一実施態様では、薬剤放出繊維を製造するのに以下の方法が使用される。装置は図8に示す。第1に、生分解性高分子、例えばポリ(L-乳酸)(PLLA)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリアンヒドリド、又はこれら及び他の生分解性高分子の共重合体又は混合物を、幾つかの適当な溶媒(A)に高分子のタイプに応じて5〜30重量%の範囲の濃度、PLLAについては10重量%が好ましい、で溶解させる。この実施態様では、溶媒(A)は水との混和性が低く、凝固浴槽溶媒(B)とは非常に混和性である。溶媒(A)の好ましい選択は、キトサン及び塩化メチレンを含む。高分子が溶解したら、対象とする生物分子と界面活性剤の両方を含有する水性溶液を高分子溶液に添加する。水性エマルションの濃度は、典型的には1〜50%v/vの高分子溶液であり、PLLA繊維単繊維については4−10%が最も典型的である。界面活性剤は、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、プルロニクス、又はリン脂質ファミリ等の生物学的界面活性剤といった当業者に馴染み深い物質の一つ又は組み合わせとすることができる。ここで特に述べないが当業者に知られた他の界面活性剤は、拡張により包含される。典型的な使用では、BSAが界面活性剤として対象とする生物学的分子の約10倍から100倍高い範囲の濃度で使用され、典型的な濃度は水相の10重量%〜50重量%の範囲である。
種々の濃度の治療薬を含む高分子繊維の製造
他の製造の実施態様では、プロセスは、繊維の長さに沿って下降する濃度勾配を付加する以外は実施例1に記載したものと類似している。これは2つの溶液を有することにより達成される。一方は対象とする治療薬を含む高分子エマルションであり、他方は治療薬を含まないか、又は異なる生物分子を含む。勾配は、押出しプロセスの間に2つの溶液の比率を連続的に変化させることにより達成される。これは、図13に示す「Y」結合部におけるバタフライ弁及び図14に示すような混合チャンバー有又は無の独立ポンプの使用を含む多くの方法で達成される。このようにして、良好に制御された勾配が確立され、センチメートル長当たりの濃度変化が知られる。
本発明の他の実施態様は、「縞模様」繊維の製造である。縞模様繊維では幾つかの可能な配置があり;第1の実施態様では、両方の高分子溶液は異なる生物分子を含むエマルションである。これは勾配と同様の方法で達成され、勾配がエマルションAとエマルションBとを交互にスイッチングするステップ関数の連続である。
同軸被覆を持つ高分子繊維の製造
さらに他の製造の実施態様では、既に存在する繊維が紡糸口金を通し、かつ凝固浴槽を通して負荷される。液体の高分子エマルションが「T」又は「Y」結合部に添加され凝固浴槽に入る前に被覆される。よって、同軸被覆が繊維に施され、各被覆は図4に示すように異なる治療薬を含有する能力を有する。被覆高分子はコア高分子と同一でも相違していてもよい。被覆高分子の接着性を向上させるためにコア繊維に結合した分子を存在せしめてもよい。例えば、BSAの薄層は、キトサンのポリ(L-乳酸)への接着性を向上させる。複雑な紡糸口金により、各々が異なる生物分子を含有する二又はそれ以上の高分子エマルションを被覆することができる。これは、全ての被覆材料を、バッフルで各被覆高分子流を分離しながら紡糸口金に入れることにより達成される。これにより、繊維が異なる分子を繊維周囲の角度位置の関数として放出することを可能になる。或る実施態様では、紡糸口金は非環状としてもよく、それにより繊維を望ましい断面形状にすることができる。このことは、コア繊維にも被覆高分子にも言える。
環境応答性高分子ゲル繊維の製造
異なる製造の実施態様では、環境応答性の高分子ヒドロゲルが、乳化重合又は他の方法によりナノ球サイズで形成される。これらのナノ球は、次いで繊維に導入される。「環境応答性ゲル」とは、ゲルを取り囲む環境が比較的小さな変化を受けたとき、それらの物理的特徴に有意な変化を示す高分子ゲルを表すことを意図する。本発明で有用であることがわかった高分子ヒドロゲルは、ポリ(N-イソプロピルアクリルアミド)(NIPA)及びポリ(アクリル酸)(PAA)ゲルを含む。例えば、NIPAゲルは、小さな(2-3C)の温度変化に応答して100倍の劇的な容積変化を受ける能力を持つ。これらのナノ球は、それを生物分子の水溶液に浸漬することにより生物学的分子を負荷することができる。これらの負荷ナノ球は、次いで乾燥され、エマルションの形成有又は無で高分子溶液に添加される。他の全ての製造プロセスは同様である。このプロセスは、次いで温度感受性の繊維を生成する。NIPA相転移は、当業者により39-39Cで起こるように調節される。これは現在、患者の生理学的状態に応答する繊維を提供している。患者が発熱すると放出速度が劇的に上昇し、これは可逆的現象であるので、体温が平常に戻れば放出速度は再び低下する。
キトサンベースの繊維
他の製造の実施態様では、上述したエステルベースの合成高分子ではなく、キトサンなどの天然由来の多糖類を高分子系として使用する。当該分野で知られているように、キトサン繊維は、キトサンを3%酢酸に溶解し、凝固浴槽として5%水酸化ナトリウムを使用することにより製造される。本発明者等は、キトサンを溶解するために1%塩酸を使用できること、キトサン濃度を2.5重量%まで低下させることが可能であること、そして凝固浴槽が5〜15%の範囲の濃度のトリス塩基からなる場合に良好な繊維が得られることを見出した(図1)。これは、キトサン繊維がこのような条件下で押出しできることの最初の報告である。
神経組織の加工
本発明のこの態様では、図15に示すように、繊維の平行列がシリコーンゴム又は他の適当な材料の管に充填され、軸策成長のためのニュートロフィンが負荷される。これらの繊維の束は、切断した末梢又は中枢神経に配される。ニューロトロフィンは線形又は他の適当な勾配で負荷される。この器具は、神経残根の末端間の間隙を橋渡しするように埋め込まれる。繊維がニューロトロフィンを放出すると、軸策が近接末端から繊維束を横切って遠位神経末端へ泳動を開始する。遠位末端に到達すると、存在するシュワン細胞又はグリア細胞によって案内合図が与えられ、次いで再接続がなされる。非負荷繊維を用いて、軸策がこれらの束による接触案内を受容し、ラットの座骨神経において1.8cm移動可能であることが既に立証されている。管における非負荷繊維の最適密度は、ラット座骨神経成長については1.5mm径管中に約32繊維である。
高分子繊維ステントの調製及び使用
他の実施態様では、繊維に対象とする薬剤を負荷し、機械的強度が要求されるステント又は他の医療器具に使用できる。ステントは、機械的特性が必要な場合は、負荷繊維が非負荷繊維と混じり合うような方法で織ることができる。
創傷被覆材の調製及び使用
他の実施態様では、これらの繊維からガーゼ又は被覆材が製造される。この被覆材は2つの面を持ち、上面は再上皮形成のための分子を放出して、これらの細胞のための基質を供給する。下面は皮膚組織の再生を促進する。この被覆材は、火傷、全層皮膚損傷及び慢性又は治癒困難な創傷及び痛みを含む皮膚創傷の治癒のために設計される。各繊維は、皮膚創傷治癒の3つの相に対応する薬剤又は因子の一時的放出のために被覆することができる。
人工動脈の製造
ここに記載した技術を用いて人工動脈を構成することもできる。種々の生物学的薬剤を負荷した繊維で非織物技術を用いて、中空の円筒形の部材の連続体を、編む、織る、混合する、又は製造することができる。最も内側の円筒は、好ましくは織られており、未変性の上皮細胞層の泳動、拡散及び機能化を促進するための医薬又は薬剤を含んでいる。次の円筒は織られた又は編まれた構造物からなり、主に内側の円筒の周囲を囲むように織られている。この層は、平滑起因繊維の泳動及び増殖を誘発し、エラスチンの発現を促進して内部弾性媒体の生成を促進する。次の円筒は編まれた又は不織の繊維からなり、繊維芽細胞、マクロファージの内殖及び細胞外マトリクスの生成を促進する。最後の層は、長繊維からなり、動脈の脈管を介して動脈細胞の血管化を促進し、VEGF放出繊維、又は他の血管新生促進剤から製造される。
薬剤送達骨格
他の応用の実施態様では、これらの繊維は、その場での薬剤送達骨格のために使用され、繊維の形式は微小球のものであるのが好ましい。例えば、薬剤の血流への直接送達のためには、繊維は血管壁に良く接着し、血管内に全部が含まれることができる。微小球は、幾つかのレベルで捕捉され、潜在的に下流組織と和合するので、循環系を通って流動できない。しかしながら、繊維は薬剤を放出でき、繊維は不活性を保つ限りは下流の枝の閉塞を伴う問題を生じない。繊維が微小球より意味がある他の場所は眼を含み、そこでは球が患者の視野を妨げやすい。繊維はタック止めでき視野に流れ込まない。繊維は微小球より、特に繊維がコイル状になる空間で、その場に止まりやすい。このようにして、繊維内部の機械的張力が生じ、組織空間の側面を押し、よってその位置に止まる。
インサイツ動脈形成
実施例9と同様の視点で、インサイツの動脈形成である。この実施態様では、VEGF又は類似の弛緩物質を含む繊維の束が体内に配され、繊維束の両末端は存在する血管の近傍又にあるか又は接触する。繊維がVEGF又はその弛緩物質の放出を開始すると、存在する血管からの内皮細胞が、通常の血管新生のプロセスに従って、存在する血管からの泳動が誘発される。先行する内皮細胞は、繊維束の経路を横切り、繊維束の経路に沿って新しい血管が生成される。この繊維束は幾つかの形態を持ち、それはVEGF及びその置換物質のみを放出する単一又は少量の繊維が存在してもよいし、あるいは内部の内皮細胞及び外部の平滑筋の異なる因子に化学向性であるVEGF又は類似の成長因子を持つ管であってよい。このようにして、生成される血管のサイズが決定される。この出願では、細胞は当初は細胞の無い骨格に細胞特異的な成長因子によって案内される。
骨折の治癒
他の創傷治癒の実施態様では、骨折治癒を促進することが知られたタンパク質が繊維に負荷される。この繊維は、次いで骨のおれた部位の周囲に巻かれ、成長因子を放出して骨折修復を促進する。
これらの繊維は螺旋構造(単独又は多重螺旋)であるか、又は目の粗い開放された編み目のいずれかとすることができる。螺旋又は織られた形式の何れでも、繊維は骨断片の周囲に配され、それらをその場に保持すると共に成長因子を放出する。
この実施態様では、骨折は、非処理骨折に比較して促進された速さで治癒され、癒着不能なものも治癒される場合がある。
皮膚潰瘍治癒
皮膚創傷治癒の一形態を記載した実施例8と同様に、この技術の他の重要な例は、種々の原因の慢性皮膚潰瘍、例えば糖尿病性脚潰瘍、静脈性潰瘍及び一般的な圧痛などの治癒の可能性である。状態及び潜在的な他の類似の状態は、皮膚創傷を治癒を促進することが知られた因子、例えば血小板誘導成長因子(PDGF)、トランスフォーミング成長因子-ベータ(TGF-ベータ)、及びVEGF又は類似のタンパク質を放出する不織網の製造に基づいて治癒されうる。この不織網は潰瘍又は創傷に直接挿入又は包むことができ、これらの因子が創傷治癒プロセスの促進を補助する。これらの被覆材は、皮膚の痛み及び潰瘍を治癒するために設計されうる。この場合、特に糖尿病勢潰瘍の患者の最も大きな要求の一つが創傷部位への血液供給の欠如であるが、出血を減少させる必要は殆ど無い。従って、血管新生を誘導する因子は循環を増加させ、痛み又は潰瘍部位における組織の回復を補助する。
各被覆材は、放出される生物分子、及びそれらが放出される速度を変化させることにより、種々のタイプの創傷又は痛みの特定の要求のために設計される。
筋肉移植
他の実施態様において、繊維の平行列は筋肉幹細胞を負荷されてもよい。これらの幹細胞は、心臓、平滑又は骨格筋由来とすることができる。これらの幹細胞が繊維列に種付けされると、繊維はインビトロで機械的に延伸されて細胞の整列と分化特性を補助する。また整列は極めて小径の繊維を使用して達成してもよい。軸策での我々の経験は、50μmオーダーの径の繊維は、繊維の軸に平行な細胞の整列を助長する傾向がある。この束の他の繊維は、血管新生因子を放出して筋肉細胞のための血管を生成する。骨格又は平滑筋組織の場合は、神経筋接合部の形成を誘導するための神経成長のための繊維も含まれうる。これらの幹細胞を収集し、単離し、再生産し、そして分化させる種々の実験条件は、当業者に知られており、この特許の一部ではない。
代替的繊維製造方法1
100μlの高分子溶液上で小容量の高分子を製造するために、以下の方法が開発された。エマルションを実施例1で記載したように作製する。このエマルションを1mlFALCON(登録商標)管等の小型の容器に添加するが、これは、20〜30ゲージ、最も典型的には23ゲージの針を管の底面に貫通させることにより改変してある。この管を、凝固浴槽溶媒で満たした改変した50ml管に配する。管を遠心分離器に配置し、500〜1200rpm、最も典型的には700rpmで回転させる。遠心力は小容量の高分子エマルションを針を通して凝固液に押し出す。実施例1に記載したのと類似の溶媒交換により、繊維が形成される。この方法は有意に少量の高分子エマルションを使用し、廃棄されるエマルションが殆ど無い。
代替的繊維製造方法2
代替的な製造方法として、凝固浴槽溶媒は長い垂直管を通って所定速度で流れ、高分子溶液は凝固浴槽溶媒の流れの中に押し出される。管からの流れは浴槽に出る。繊維は一又は複数のボビンを通過し、浴槽から取り出されてスプールに巻かれる。溶媒の流速、高分子押出し速度、高分子溶液/エマルションの組成、凝固浴槽溶媒の組成、繊維が巻き取られる速度、連続するボビン間で起こりうる引張り、及びあらゆる付加的な溶液又は処理が、繊維の機械的及び化学的特性並びに負荷された生物学的材料の放出速度に影響するであろう。
緑内障の治療
実施例10に記載した眼における薬剤送達、実施例6に簡単に述べた神経ステントと同様に、緑内障は眼内薬剤送達と視神経に適用される神経治療とを組み合わせることにより治療される。網膜神経節細胞はアポトーシスを受けて視神経の軸策の死亡を導く。細胞が眼並びに視神経の経路の両方で支持される場合、細胞は生存できるとの仮説を立てる。NT-4、BDNF、CNTFなどの成長因子を放出する繊維束は、視神経の外側に局所適用される。同時に、アポトーシス阻害剤、又は網膜神経節細胞を支持する因子を放出する繊維が眼内に埋め込まれる。この複合効果は、緑内障を罹患した者の視力を延長又は確保しうる。
Claims (198)
- 生分解性高分子繊維を含む骨格を含んでなり、前記繊維が長期に渡って放出される一又は複数の治療薬を含むインプラント組成物。
- 前記骨格が織繊維を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が不織繊維を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が編繊維を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が二又はそれ以上の前記繊維のサブセットを含み、前記繊維のサブセットが生分解性高分子の含有量において相違する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットが、一又は複数の同軸又は他の多成分生分解性高分子層を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットが、一又は複数の治療薬を含む繊維を含んでなり、前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセット内の前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が、前記繊維又は繊維のサブセットの長軸に沿って変化する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が繊維の長軸の距離の関数として線形的又は対数的に低下し、前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第1の末端から前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第2の末端に向けて減少する、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が2方向的に変化し、前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第1の末端から最大値まで増加し、次いで前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第2の末端に向けて減少する、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記繊維のサブセットの一つが治療薬を含まない、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、成長因子、免疫グロブリン、血管新生を促進する化合物、血管新生を阻害する化合物、抗-炎症性化合物、抗生物質、サイトカイン、抗−凝固剤、凝固促進剤、化学向性剤、アポトーシスを促進する薬剤、アポトーシスを阻害する薬剤、及び分裂促進剤からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、放射活性剤又は画像検査のための造影剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、ウイルスベクター、ポリヌクレオチド及びポリペプチドからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、血管新生を促進する薬剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記血管新生を促進する薬剤が、血管内皮細胞成長因子である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記生分解性高分子が単独重合体又は共重合体又は重合体の混合物であり、前記高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリアンヒドリド、キトサン、及び硫酸化キトサンからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 一又は複数の治療薬を含む一又は複数の生分解性高分子を含んでなり、前記繊維内の一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が、前記繊維の長軸に沿って変化し、前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が前記繊維の第1の末端から前記繊維の第2の末端に向けて減少するようにされた、薬剤送達繊維組成物。
- 前記繊維の少なくとも1つのサブセットが、一又は複数の同軸又は他の生分解性高分子の多成分配置を含む、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 繊維骨格内での一又は複数の治療薬の空間的及び時間的濃度を制御する方法において、繊維骨格を宿主に埋め込むことを含んでなり、前記繊維骨格が一又は複数の治療薬を含む生分解性高分子を含み、前記一又は複数の治療薬が前記繊維骨格内に所定の不均一なパターンで分布され、それは繊維のタイプ及び分布に対して均一でも不均一でもよい方法。
- 前記骨格が織繊維を含んでなる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が不織繊維を含んでなる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が編繊維を含んでなる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が二又はそれ以上の前記繊維のサブセットを含み、前記繊維のサブセットが生分解性高分子含有量において相違する、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットが、一又は複数の生分解性高分子層からなる少なくとも1つの同軸又は他の多成分配置を複数含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットが、一又は複数の治療薬を含む繊維を含んでなり、前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセット内の前記一又は複数の治療薬が、前記繊維又は繊維のサブセットの長軸に沿って変化する、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、繊維の長軸の長さの関数として線形的又は対数的に低下し、前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第1の末端から前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第2の末端に向けて減少する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が2方向的に変化し、前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第1の末端から最大値まで増加し、次いで前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第2の末端に向けて減少する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維のサブセットの一つが治療薬を含まない、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、成長因子、免疫グロブリン、血管新生を促進する化合物、血管新生を阻害する化合物、抗-炎症性化合物、抗生物質、サイトカイン、抗−凝固剤、凝固促進剤、化学向性剤、アポトーシスを促進する薬剤、アポトーシスを阻害する薬剤、及び分裂促進剤からなる群から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、放射活性剤(類)又は画像検査のための造影剤を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、ウイルスベクター、ポリヌクレオチド及びポリペプチドからなる群から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、血管新生を促進する薬剤を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記血管新生を促進する薬剤が、血管内皮細胞成長因子である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記生分解性高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリアンヒドリド、キトサン、及び硫酸化キトサンからなる群から選択される単独重合体又は共重合体又は重合体の混合物である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数の治療薬の空間的及び時間的濃度の制御が可能なインプラントを調製するための繊維骨格の調製方法において、一又は複数の治療薬を含む生分解性高分子を供給し、前記高分子繊維を三次元繊維骨格に成形することを含んでなり、前記一又は複数の治療薬が、前記繊維骨格内に所定の不均一なパターンで分布し、それが繊維のタイプ及び又は生分解性材料含有量に対しては均一であってもなくてもよい方法。
- 前記骨格が織繊維を含んでなる、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が不織繊維を含んでなる、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が編繊維を含んでなる、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が二又はそれ以上の前記繊維のサブセットを含み、前記繊維のサブセットが生分解性高分子含有量において相違する、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットが、一又は複数の生分解性高分子層からなる少なくとも1つの同軸又は他の多成分配置を複数含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットが、一又は複数の治療薬を含む繊維を含んでなり、前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセット内の前記一又は複数の治療薬が、前記繊維又は繊維のサブセットの長軸に沿って変化する、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、繊維の長軸の長さの関数として線形的又は対数的に低下し、前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第1の末端から前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第2の末端に向けて減少する、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が2方向的に変化し、前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第1の末端から最大値まで増加し、次いで前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットの第2の末端に向けて減少する、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維のサブセットの一つが治療薬を含まない、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、成長因子、免疫グロブリン、血管新生を促進する化合物、血管新生を阻害する化合物、抗-炎症性化合物、抗生物質、サイトカイン、抗−凝固剤、凝固促進剤、化学向性剤、アポトーシスを促進する薬剤、アポトーシスを阻害する薬剤、及び分裂促進剤からなる群から選択される、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、放射活性剤(類)又は画像検査のための造影剤を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、ウイルスベクター、ポリヌクレオチド及びポリペプチドからなる群から選択される、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記一又は複数の治療薬が、血管新生を促進する薬剤を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記血管新生を促進する薬剤が、血管内皮細胞成長因子である、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 前記生分解性高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリアンヒドリド、キトサン、及び硫酸化キトサンからなる群から選択される単独重合体又は共重合体又は重合体の混合物である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 溶媒としての塩酸及び凝固浴槽としてのトリス塩基を使用することを含んでなる、キトサンから薬剤放出繊維を製造する方法。
- 塩酸濃度が、約0.25%〜約5%である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 塩酸濃度が、約1%〜約2%に更に特定される、請求項52に記載の方法。
- トリス塩基濃度が、約2%〜約25%である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- トリス塩基濃度が、約4%〜約17%である、請求項54に記載の方法。
- トリス塩基濃度が、約5%〜約15%である、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 異なるアセチル化度を持つキトサン類を含む不均一混合物を使用することを含む、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 薬剤放出繊維が、異なるアセチル化度を持つキトサンのセグメントを含む、請求項51に記載の方法。
- キトサン及び細胞外マトリクスから薬剤放出繊維を製造することを含む、請求項51に記載の方法。
- キトサン濃度が、約0.5重量%〜約10重量%である、請求項59に記載の方法。
- キトサン濃度が、約1重量%〜約7重量%である、請求項60に記載の方法。
- キトサン濃度が、約2重量%〜約5重量%である、請求項61に記載の方法。
- キトサン濃度が、約3重量%〜約4重量%である、請求項62に記載の方法。
- キトサン濃度が、約3.5重量%である、請求項63に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞外マトリクスが、マトリゲル(Matrigel)を含む、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 細胞外マトリクス濃度が、約1容量%〜約20容量%である、請求項59又は65に記載の方法。
- 細胞外マトリクス濃度が、約2容量%〜約15容量%である、請求項65に記載の方法。
- 細胞外マトリクス濃度が、約3容量%〜約10容量%である、請求項67に記載の方法。
- 細胞外マトリクス濃度が、約4容量%〜約6容量%である、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 細胞外マトリクス濃度が、約5容量%である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維を前記細胞外マトリクスで被覆することを含む、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記キトサンが硫酸化キトサンである、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 硫酸化キトサン濃度が、約0.025重量%〜約2重量%である、請求項72に記載の方法。
- 硫酸化キトサン濃度が、約0.05重量%〜約1重量%である、請求項73に記載の方法。
- 硫酸化キトサン濃度が、約0.1重量%〜約0.5重量%である、請求項74に記載の方法。
- 硫酸化キトサン濃度が、約0.15重量%〜約0.3重量%である、請求項75に記載の方法。
- 硫酸化キトサン濃度が、約0.2重量%である、請求項76に記載の方法。
- キトサン及び硫酸化キトサンが繊維に押出される、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 薬剤又はタンパク質を負荷したポリ(L-乳酸)微小球を薬剤送達リザーバとしてキトサン酸性溶液中に添加し、水酸化ナトリウム凝固浴槽を使用することを含んでなる、薬剤放出繊維を製造する方法。
- 約2容量%酸中の約3.5重量%のキトサンを添加し、約5容量%水酸化ナトリウムを凝固浴槽として使用することを含む、請求項79に記載の方法。
- 前記酸が酢酸である、請求項79に記載の方法。
- 前記酸が塩酸である、請求項79に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液中の前記酸が、約1容量%〜約2容量%の塩酸を含む、請求項82に記載の方法。
- ポリ(L-乳酸)薬剤負荷微小球を、約1容量%塩酸〜約2容量%塩酸中に添加し、約5容量%トリス塩基〜約15容量%トリス塩基を含む凝固浴槽を使用することを含む、請求項83に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液に界面活性剤を添加することを更に含む、請求項79に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤がアルブミンを含む、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液が約3重量%の前記アルブミンを含む、請求項86に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液が約1.2容量%の塩酸を含む、請求項87に記載の方法。
- キトサンを含む繊維と細胞外マトリクスとを含んでなる組成物。
- 硫酸化キトサンを含有するとして更に定義される、請求項89に記載の組成物。
- 三次元骨格を含んでなり、前記骨格が織られた、織られていない、又は編まれた、又は網目状の繊維を含み、前記繊維がキトサン及び細胞外マトリクスを含む組成物を含む組成物。
- 前記キトサンが硫酸化キトサンである、請求項91に記載の組成物。
- キトサン、細胞外マトリクス及び生物学的分子を含む繊維を含んでなる組成物。
- 前記キトサンが硫酸化キトサンである、請求項93に記載の組成物。
- 生物学的分子が、骨格の全ての繊維について同一でない、請求項89、90、92、93、又は94に記載の不均一な繊維骨格を含む組成物。
- 第2の高分子の微小球を含み、前記微小球が一又は複数の生物学的分子を含むキトサン繊維の組成物。
- 生物学的分子である界面活性剤を更に含む、請求項96に記載の組成物。
- 細胞外マトリクスを更に含む、請求項97に記載の組成物。
- 前記キトサンが硫酸化キトサンである、請求項97に記載の組成物。
- 第2の高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(D-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸、ポリカプロラクトン、又はこれらの共重合体又は混合物の任意の組み合わせのいずれかである、請求項96に記載の組成物。
- a)生分解性高分子溶液中に活性な生物学的分子及び界面活性剤を含有する水相を含む油中水型エマルションを得;そして
b)前記エマルションを凝固浴槽に押し出すことを含んでなる、
繊維の製造方法。 - 生分解性高分子が、任意の合成生分解性高分子であってよい、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶液用の高分子溶媒が高分子の良好な溶媒であり、実質的に水と混合せず、凝固浴槽溶媒と高度に混合する、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤が、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、プルロニクス、又は天然由来界面活性剤からなる群から選択される、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤が天然由来界面活性剤である、請求項104に記載の方法。
- 天然由来界面活性剤がリン脂質である、請求項105に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒が高分子の非溶媒であり、高分子溶媒と高度に混合しうる、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの重合体である、請求項102に記載の方法。
- 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドからなる群から選択される任意の重合体の共重合体又は混合物である、請求項108に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンである、請求項103に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がヘキサン、アルコール又はアセトンである、請求項107に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がアルコールである、請求項111に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がイソプロピルアルコールである、請求項112に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶媒系が、高分子に良好である少なくとも1つの溶媒と高分子に対する貧溶媒である少なくとも1つの溶媒とを含む、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 良溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンであり、貧溶媒がトルエンである、請求項114に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽系が高分子溶媒を更に含む、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽が20%v/vまでの高分子溶媒を含む、請求項116に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒系が粘性溶媒を更に含む、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 粘性溶媒がグリセロールである、請求項118に記載の方法。
- グリセロール濃度が約8%から約20%v/vの間である、請求項119に記載の方法。
- 生物学的分子の線形勾配を持つ繊維の製造方法であって、前記方法が:
a)第1の高分子溶液及び第2の高分子溶液を得;そして
b)前記第1の高分子溶液及び前記第2の高分子溶液の比率を連続的に変化させながら混合して前記第1及び第2の高分子溶液の混合物を得るとともに前記混合物を凝固浴槽に押し出すことを含んでなる方法。 - 前記第1の高分子溶液及び前記第2の高分子溶液の少なくとも一方が、対象とする活性な生物分子を含む水相及び生分解性高分子溶液中の界面活性剤の油中水型エマルションである、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 第2の高分子溶液が界面活性剤を含有して活性生物分子を含まないか、又は異なる活性生物分子を含む、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 第1の高分子溶液及び第2の高分子溶液の比率が、バタフライ弁を用いて混合しながら制御される、請求項122に記載の方法。
- 第1の高分子溶液及び第2の高分子溶液が別々のポンプに収容され、混合チャンバー内で混合される、請求項122に記載の方法。
- 高分子が生分解性高分子である、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶液が高分子に良好な溶媒を含み、前記溶媒が実質的に水と混合せず、凝固浴槽溶媒と高度に混合する、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤が、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、プルロニクス、又は天然由来界面活性剤からなる群から選択される、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤が天然由来界面活性剤である、請求項128に記載の方法。
- 天然由来界面活性剤がリン脂質である、請求項129に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒が高分子の非溶媒である、請求項127に記載の方法。
- 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの重合体である、請求項127に記載の方法。
- 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドからなる群から選択される任意の重合体の共重合体又は混合物である、請求項132に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンである、請求項127に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がヘキサン、アルコール又はアセトンである、請求項127に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がイソプロピルアルコールである、請求項135に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶媒系が、少なくとも1つの高分子の良溶媒と少なくとも1つの高分子の貧溶媒との混合物を含む、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの良溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンであり、少なくとも1つの貧溶媒がトルエンである、請求項137に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽系が高分子溶媒を更に含む、請求項127に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽が20%v/vまでの高分子溶媒を含む、請求項139に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒系が粘性溶媒を更に含む、請求項127に記載の方法。
- 粘性溶媒がグリセロールである、請求項141に記載の方法。
- グリセロール濃度が約8%から約20%v/vの間である、請求項142に記載の方法。
- 薬剤放出繊維の製造方法であって、前記方法が、
溶媒中の合成高分子を含む高分子溶液を得;
生物分子を負荷したNIPAゲルを高分子溶液に添加し;そして
高分子溶液を少なくとも1つの溶媒を含む凝固浴槽に押し出すことを含んでなる方法。 - 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの重合体である、請求項144に記載の方法。
- 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドからなる群から選択される任意の重合体の共重合体又は混合物である、請求項145に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンである、請求項144に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がヘキサン、アルコール又はアセトンである、請求項144に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がイソプロピルアルコールである、請求項148に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶媒系が、少なくとも1つの高分子の良溶媒と少なくとも1つの高分子の貧溶媒との混合物を含む、請求項144に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの良溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンであり、少なくとも1つの貧溶媒がトルエンである、請求項149に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽系が高分子溶媒を更に含む、請求項144に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽が20%v/vまでの高分子溶媒を含む、請求項152に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒が粘性溶媒を更に含む、請求項144に記載の方法。
- 粘性溶媒がグリセロールである、請求項154に記載の方法。
- グリセロール濃度が約8%から約20%v/vの間である、請求項155に記載の方法。
- キトサンから薬剤放出繊維を製造する方法であって、前記方法が、
a)キトサン及び塩酸を含む高分子を得;そして
b)高分子溶液をトリス塩基を含む凝固浴槽に押し出すことを含んでなる方法。 - 塩酸の濃度が約1%である、請求項157に記載の方法。
- トリス塩基の濃度が約5%から約15%の間である、請求項157に記載の方法。
- 押出しに先だって、キトサン溶液に少なくとも1つの生物分子を含む微小球を添加することを更に含む、請求項157に記載の方法。
- 生物分子微小球が、純粋な重合体からなるか、又はポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドポリ(L-乳酸)からなる群から選択される重合体の共重合体又は混合物である、請求項160に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維に生物分子エマルションを含む少なくとも1つの高分子被覆を適用し、それにより前記繊維の前記複数の生物分子の時間的に制御された放出を可能にすることを更に含み、前記適用工程が押出工程に先行する、請求項145に記載の方法。
- 前記適用が、前記繊維をエマルションを含む紡糸口金を通すことを含む、請求項162に記載の方法。
- 複数の繊維を織物に集成することを更に含み、前記織物の一又は複数の各繊維が、或る細胞型に特異的活性を持つ少なくとも1つの生物分子を含み、前記生物分子が前記織物の他の繊維の生物分子とは相違する、請求項162に記載の方法。
- 繊維が生物分子を長時間に渡って放出する、請求項164に記載の方法。
- 繊維の少なくとも一部が、種々の因子及び化学物質を長期に渡り放出するために被覆されていてもよい、請求項164に記載の方法。
- 繊維の少なくとも一部にある生物分子がVEGFである、請求項164に記載の方法。
- 被覆繊維の第1の部分が皮膚損傷治癒の第1相に相当し、被覆繊維の第2の部分が皮膚損傷治癒の第2相に相当し、そして被覆繊維の第3の部分が皮膚損傷治癒の第3相に相当する、請求項166に記載の方法。
- 被覆繊維の第1の部分が、迅速な恒常性を達成するための血栓形成を誘発する被覆を含む、請求項168に記載の方法。
- 被覆繊維の第2の部分が、好中球及びマクロファージ補充薬を含む、請求項168に記載の方法。
- 好中球及びマクロファージ補充薬が、PDGF、TGF(ベータ)、FGF、IL-1及びTNFからなる群から選択される一又は複数の化合物であってよい、請求項170に記載の方法。
- 繊維が細胞による機能的動脈の形成を誘発する、請求項164に記載の方法。
- 織物が内皮細胞層、中間層及び外膜層の形成を誘発する、請求項172に記載の方法。
- 中間層が、繊維の撓いにより取り巻くように配置された平滑筋細胞を含む、請求項173に記載の方法。
- 外膜層が、長さ方向に配置されたVEGF繊維からの脈管の成分を持つ繊維芽細胞を含む、請求項173に記載の方法。
- 神経系の損傷を治療するための環状断面に束ねられた平行繊維の組成物であって、繊維の少なくとも幾つかはニューロトロフィンを負荷されている組成物。
- 損傷が末梢神経系におけるものである、請求項176に記載の組成物。
- 損傷が中枢神経系におけるものである、請求項176に記載の組成物。
- 消化器系の損傷を治療するための組成物であって、内皮細胞、平滑筋細胞などを誘導する一又は複数の生物分子を負荷した繊維を含んでなる組成物。
- 筋骨格系の損傷を治療するための組成物であって、筋骨格細胞の誘導及び配置のために平行に配列された繊維を含む骨格を含んでなる組成物。
- 前記骨格が、血管新生を促進する因子を含む繊維を更に含んでなる、請求項180に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が、ニュートロフィンを含む繊維を更に含んでなる、請求項180に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が、ニュートロフィンを含む繊維を更に含んでなる、請求項181に記載の組成物。
- 前記被覆繊維が、同軸多成分押出し技術により製造される、請求項162に記載の方法。
- 第1の高分子溶液が、高分子溶液に直接溶解する有機溶解性活性生物分子(類)を含有し、水相を含まない、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 第1の高分子溶液が、少なくとも1つの高分子溶液に直接溶解する有機溶解性活性生物分子(類)及び水相を含む、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 水相が、水溶性生物分及び界面活性剤を更に含む、請求項186に記載の方法。
- 第2の高分子溶液が、エマルション又は界面活性剤を含まない、請求項121に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が網目状繊維を含む、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 第1及び第2のセグメントを含む同軸繊維を含んでなる組成物であって、第1のセグメントが不活性シーラントを含み、第2のセグメントが少なくとも1つの生物学的活性分子を含む組成物。
- 繊維が少なくとも1つの生物学的活性分子を含む組成物で被覆される、請求項190に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が網目状繊維を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセットが、一又は複数の治療薬を含む繊維を含んでなり、前記繊維又は前記繊維のサブセット内の前記一又は複数の治療薬の含有量が、前記繊維又は繊維のサブセットを取り囲む周方向で変化する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が複数のタイプの繊維を含み、繊維のタイプが当該繊維内に含まれる生物分子によって相違する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 異なる治療薬を含む繊維が、骨格全体に不均一に分布する、請求項194に記載の組成物。
- 治療薬の不均一な分布が、骨格全体に渡る特定の三次元配置で生物学的プロセスを制御するようにパターン化される、請求項195に記載の組成物。
- 制御される生物学的プロセスが細胞泳動である、請求項196に記載の組成物。
- 視神経の近傍に配置されたとき、視神経にニュートロフィンを放出する繊維の組成物。
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- 2000-08-04 JP JP2001514941A patent/JP4859317B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2000-08-04 CA CA 2379909 patent/CA2379909C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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WO2001010421A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
US7514095B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 |
US6596296B1 (en) | 2003-07-22 |
US20030203003A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
US6858222B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 |
CN1378445B (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
JP4859317B2 (ja) | 2012-01-25 |
JP2003506401A (ja) | 2003-02-18 |
US20050106211A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
AU6526100A (en) | 2001-03-05 |
JP5383757B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
CA2379909C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
CA2379909A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
EP1206254A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
CN1378445A (zh) | 2002-11-06 |
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