JP2010012331A - ヒト間葉幹細胞分化の系列指向誘導 - Google Patents
ヒト間葉幹細胞分化の系列指向誘導 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】ヒト間葉幹細胞、および間葉幹細胞の分化を単一特定系列に誘導する生物活性因子あるいは因子の組合せを含むことを特徴とする組成物。
【選択図】図1
Description
ここに記載されたように分離精製されたヒト間葉幹細胞は、例えば骨、骨髄、血液、真皮あるいは骨膜から誘導することができる。骨髄から得られる時には、これは股関節あるいは膝置換手術の間に変形性関節症の患者から得られる大腿骨頭海綿質片の栓子、あるいは将来の骨髄移植に備えて骨髄を収穫された正常なドナーおよび腫瘍患者から得られた吸引骨髄からの栓子を含む数多くの異なった源より得られた骨髄であることができる。収穫された骨髄は次いで細胞培養に備えられる。分離工程は、分化なしで間葉幹細胞成長を可能にするだけでなく培養器のプラスチックあるいはガラス表面への間葉幹細胞のみの直接付着をも可能にする作用薬を含む特別に用意された培地の使用を伴う。非常に微量の間葉組織サンプル内に存在する望ましい間葉幹細胞の選択的付着を可能にする培地を創り出すことにより、次いでもとの間葉細胞に存在する他の細胞(すなわち赤血球、白血球、他の分化間葉細胞、等)から間葉幹細胞を分離することが可能となった。
前に示したように、完全培地は細胞培養分離に収穫骨髄を準備するために当初の収穫過程の特異な型に依存して数多くの異なった分離過程を利用することができる。この点に関して、海綿質骨髄の栓子が利用される場合には、骨髄は完全培地に加えられ、分散を形成するために渦動され、次いで骨片等から骨髄細胞を分離するために遠心分離された。骨髄細胞(主として赤色骨髄および黄色骨髄で、一部微量の間葉幹細胞、等よりなるもの)は次いで一連の16、18、および20ゲージ針を装備した注射器を通じて骨髄細胞を含む完全培地を連続的に通過させることにより単一細胞に解離された。他の酵素分離過程と対比して機械的分離過程の利用を通じて生産される利点は、機械的過程が殆ど細胞の変化をもたらさなかったのに対し、一方酵素過程が培養付着および選択的分離に必要なタンパク質結合部位に対し、およびもしくは前記間葉幹細胞に特異的なモノクローナル抗体の生産に必要なタンパク質部位に対しとりわけ細胞損傷を産み出すこととなったと考えられる。単一細胞懸濁液(約50−100×106有核細胞で形成されたもの)は次いで引き続き懸濁液で見出される残存細胞から間葉幹細胞を選択的に分離しおよびもしくは隔離する目的で100mm皿にプレートされた。
生体内MSCsの誘導骨形成分化
この実施例で記載される実験の目的は、間葉幹細胞(MSCs)が組織培養培地において適切な生物活性因子を提供することにより試験管内で骨形成系列路に沿って指向されたことを示すことであった。この組の実験はMSCsがどのように骨形成系列に向けて指向され得るかについてのただ一つの例を示す。
ヒトMSCsは前に記載の通り骨髄から収穫され分離された。これらの細胞は予備選択された10%の胎児ウシ血清(完全培地)を含むDMEM−LGで培養拡張された。新鮮完全培地は培養が密集近くになるまで3−4日毎にとり替えられ、密集の時点で細胞はトリプシンで平板から遊離され、約40%の密集(100mm皿当り400,000細胞)で新しい皿に再接種された。これらの再平板培養MSCsは一晩付着を許され、その後完全培地はDMEM−LG、10%の胎児ウシ血清、および100nMのデキサメタゾンのみ、あるいは100nMのデキサメタゾンと50μMのアスコルビン酸−2−リン酸塩のいずれか、および10mMのβ−グリセロホスフェート(骨形成補充剤)よりなる培地でとり替えられた。骨形成補充剤は3日毎にとり替えられた。細胞は毎日形態変化を検討された。選択された平板は次いで骨形成系列に入る細胞のマーカーである細胞表面アルカリ性ホスファターゼ(AP)活性を分析された。骨マトリックス合成に引き続き責任があったのはこれらの細胞である。標準酵素組織化学および生化学試薬がこの細胞表面タンパク質の活性を示すために使用された。追加の標本が成熟骨芽細胞母集団の連続した分化および表現型発現に相関するミネラル化細胞外基質小節の存在を評価された。骨小節内でのリン酸カルシウム結晶への硝酸銀沈殿が標準フォン・コッサ染色法を通じて達成された。
公開技術を使用して、MSCsは3人の異なった患者(年齢26−47才)から精製され、培養拡張され(27)、選択されたロットからの10%のFBSを加えたDMEM−LGで20%の密集で48ウエル培養皿に一晩接種された。比較のための基礎培地は、DMEM−LG、BGJb 、αMEMおよびDMEM/F−12(1:1)であった。各検定のための三組の培養が「骨形成補充剤」(OS)(デキサメタゾン100nM、アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸塩50μMおよびβ−グリセロホスフェート10mM(28))の存在あるいは不在下でFBS10%で成長した。培地は3日毎にとり替えられた。各組の培地は細胞数をクリスタル紫検定により、細胞表面アルカリ性ホスファターゼ(AP)を組織化学により、またミネラル化小節形成をフォン・コッサ染色により検定された。AP酵素活性は生体培養をp−ニトロフェニルホスフェート5mMでトリス50mM、NaCl 150mM、pH9.0で保温培養し、サンプルを405nmでエリザ平板リーダーでスキャンニングにより比色反応を定量化することで計数された。AP酵素活性は製品/分/103 細胞のナノモルで発現された。各ウエルにおけるAP正細胞の割合は染色培養から測定され、ミネラル化小節の数はウエル当りで計数された。検定は16日培養期間で4日毎に行われた。対の2個サンプルt−テストが選択されたサンプルで行われた。図4のデータは1人の患者のものを表すが類似の結果はすべての標本から得られた。
ヒト骨形成細胞に対するモノクローナル抗体の生成は生体内胚骨形成および試験管内精製間葉幹細胞の分化を明らかにする
骨髄から誘導される間葉始原細胞が骨芽細胞に分化できることはこれまでに十分確立されている。加えてこれら間葉幹細胞(MSCs)は更に軟骨、腱、靭帯、筋、および他の組織を生み出す。しかしこれら各種の系列に沿ってMSCsの委託および分化に伴う各段階の知識は、骨形成あるいは他の分化路内での各段階と細胞に特異的なプローブの欠除により部分的に制約されてきた。モノクローナル抗体が分化を研究するための有用なプローブであるために、試験管内骨形成系列に誘導するヒト骨髄誘導MSCsの無傷生細胞調製物を用いて我々はマウスを免疫化した。我々は精製MSCsに対するハイブリドーマコロニー、骨形成分化を進行中のMSCs、および長骨が軟骨原基痕跡の周りに発達中である胚ヒト肢の凍結部分を検査した。この検査実験記録は試験管内分化進行中のMSCsおよび生体内ヒト骨形成細胞で反応する抗体の選択を有利にする。このアプローチを用いて、我々はヒト骨髄MSCsから誘導される骨形成細胞についての系列段階特異的表面抗原に対するモノクローナル抗体を生成した。
試験管内MSCsの誘導軟骨形成分化
この実施例で記載される実験の目的は、間葉幹細胞(MSCs)が組織培養培地内で適切な生物活性因子を提供することにより試験管内軟骨形成系列路に向けて指向されるということを示すことであった。この組の実験はMSCsがどのようにして軟骨形成系列に指向できるのかのただ一つの実施例を表す。ヒトMSCsが収穫され、前に記載された通り骨髄から分離された。細胞は予備選択された胎児ウシ血清10%を含むDMEM−LG培地(完全培地)で培養拡張された。培養が密集に近付くまで新鮮培地が3−4日毎にとり替えられ、密集の地点で細胞はトリプシンで平板から遊離され、約50%の密集(100mm皿当り500,000個の細胞)で平板に再接種された。これらの再平板培養MSCsは一晩付着され、その後完全培地は胎児ウシ血清10%およびマーシャル・アール・ユーリスト博士により提供された部分的精製骨形態形成タンパク質(軟骨形成補充剤)5mg/mlとともにDMEM−LGでとり替えられた。この軟骨形成補充剤は3日毎にとり替えられた。細胞は毎日形態形成変化を調べられた。選択された平板は次いで軟骨系列に入った細胞のマーカーであるCSPG−Mを免疫組織化学的に分析された。次いで軟骨のタイプIIコラーゲンマトリックスを合成するため駆動されたのはこれらの細胞である。標準免疫組織化学試薬が細胞外マトリックスタンパク質の存在を示すために使用された。追加の標本が成熟軟骨細胞母集団の連続分化および表現型発現と相関付けるトルイジンブルー染色小節の存在を評価された。肥厚性軟骨細胞のミネラル化小節の存在のためのフォン・コッサ染色は負であった。
実施例4
試験管内MSCsの誘導骨髄ストロマ細胞分化
この実施例に記載される試験の目的はヒト骨髄誘導MSCsが培養培地に適切な生物活性因子を提供することにより試験管内支質形成系列路に沿って指向されることを示すことであった。ヒト骨髄誘導MSCsは骨髄から分離され、前に記載の通り培養で拡張された。ヒトMSCsが骨髄ストロマ細胞系列に誘導される能力を示すために、特異的サイトカイン発現が分化のマーカーとして測定された。MSCsは、予備選択された胎児ウシ血清10%を含むDMEM−LG(完全培地)よりなる培地を用いて分化なしでMSC増殖を有利にする条件、あるいは完全培地プラスインターロイキン−1α(IL−1α)(ストロマ形成補充剤(SS))10U/mlよりなる培地を用いて骨髄ストロマ表現型への発現および分化を有利にする条件の下で成長した。これらの組織培養母集団からの条件付き培養培地は商業的サンドイッチエリザ生物検定(アールアンドディー・システムズ)を用いてサイトカインの存在を分析された。
試験管内MSCsの誘導筋形成分化
この実施例に記載される研究の目的は、5−アザシチジンが筋形成系列に沿って分化するために間葉幹細胞(MSCs)を誘導することを示すことであった。
試験管内ヒト骨髄誘導間葉幹細胞によるサイトカイン発現:IL−1αおよびデキサメタゾンの作用
この研究の目的はサイトカイン発現プロファイルの確認を通じて培養MSCsの表現型特徴を更に確立することであった。我々は各種間葉表現型の細胞分割、分化、あるいは発現の調節に重要であるとして知られているサイトカインの発現水準を確認し測定する商業的エリザを使用した。我々はこれまでに報告した条件の下でMSCサイトカイン発現を確認し、それはMSCが分化なしで有糸分裂で拡張すること(構造的培養拡張培地)を可能にした。加えて、我々はデキサメタゾンあるいはIL−1αで補充された培養培地でMSCsによるサイトカイン発現を検定した。デキサメタゾンは骨始原細胞の骨芽細胞への分化を誘導すると報告されている。対照的に、炎症応答の間に各種の細胞により骨髄徴環境に分泌されるIL−1αは、造血を支持する骨髄ストロマの能力を高めるものと報告されており、かくして骨髄ストロマ繊維芽細胞の分化およびもしくは発現を制御する役割を演じる。
〔MSC分離および培養拡張〕
骨髄は異なった年齢の3人の男性および3人の女性の6人のヒトドナーから得られた(表6)
骨髄誘導MSCsは空気95%およびCO2 5%を含む加湿雰囲気で37℃で完全培地で培養され、培地は3−4日毎にとり替えられた。第1次培養皿が密集近くなると、5分37℃でEDTA、1mM(ジブコ)を含むトリプシン0.25%で分離された。トリプシンの酵素活性はFBS、1/2量の追加で停止した。細胞は計数され、1:3に分割され、7mlの完全培地に再平板培養された。これらの第1継代細胞は、それらが密集近くなるまで4−6日で分割を許された。密集近接第1継代細胞はトリプシン化され、下記に記載される検定形式に再平板培養された。
MSCsによるサイトカイン発現の水準は定量エリザを用いて測定された。下記のサイトカインに対する抗体特異性を持つエリザキット(ミネソタ、ミネアポリス、アールアンドディー・システムズ)が購入された;インターロイキン3(IL−3)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)、インターロイキン−11(IL−11)、果粒球コロニー刺激因子(G−CSF)、果粒球−マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM−CSF)、マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(M−CSF)、幹細胞因子(SCF)、白血病阻害因子(LIF)および形質転換増殖因子−ベータ−2(TGF−β−2)。密集近くになると、第1継代MSCsは平板当り50,000細胞で35mm平板に再平板培養され一晩付着することを許された。培養条件は次いで3個の試験条件の一つに変更された:新鮮完全培地;完全培地と骨形成補充剤;および完全培地と支質形成補充剤がそれである。培養は24時間あるいは48時間で試験培地で保温することを許され、その時点で上澄みが収集され、ドライアイス−エタノールで急速冷凍されすべてのサンプルが一緒に分析を準備されるまでレブコフリーザーで−70℃で貯蔵された。検定は培養上澄み100μlをエリザ平板のウエル上に適用することで実施され、続いて製造業者の指示にもとづき平板を処理することがなされた。標準曲線はキットで供給される標準サイトカインを用いて生成され、適切な濃度に希釈された。ある場合(とりわけIL−6検定)では、上澄みは標準曲線から正確に定量化できる十分に低い吸光測定値を生成するために大幅に希釈されねばならなかった。
結果
〔構造性培養拡張培地条件〕
9個の検定されたサイトカインの6個の検出水準が構造性培養拡張条件に露出24時間後に存在した。(図12A−12Dおよび13A−13Cならびに下記の表7−10を参照のこと)。
骨形成補充剤の完全培地への追加は対照と関連してG−CSF、M−CSFおよびSCFに検出可能な変化を生み出さなかった(図12A−12Dおよび13A−13B;表7−10)。対照的にOS培地は、24時間構造性培養拡張培地条件の下でのこれらサイトカインの発現と関連して、LIF(p<.01)、IL−6(p<.001)およびIL−11(p<.005)の発現を著しく下向き調節した。これらの水準は構造性培養拡張培地条件で48時間のサイトカイン水準よりも統計的に低い段階に留まった(図12A−12Dおよび13A−13C;表7−10)。OS培地媒介阻害の量は3個のサイトカインで変化した。24時間の時点で構造性培養拡張培地条件に関連してOS培地におけるサイトカイン発現の平均水準は以下のようであった;LIF発現、55%±54%,IL−6、16%±9%およびIL−11、1%±3%。LIFパーセント変化における大きな標準偏差は主として1人のドナー(ドナー#4)からの測定に起因し、ここではLIF発現の水準は構造性培養拡張条件に関連してOS培養条件下で事実上高かったためであった(表7)。一定のドナーに対して、あるサイトカインの平均絶対阻害水準に関連してそのサイトカインの阻害パーセントは、平均絶対阻害水準に関連して他の2個の阻害パーセントとは無関係であった(表7−10)。加えて、サイトカインのそれぞれに対して、母集団における6個の個体の間の一定のサイトカインのための阻害パーセントは、構造性培養拡張条件の下での発現の当初の水準とは無関係であった(図12A−12Dおよび13A−13C;表7−10)。
SS培地は濃度依存方法でMSCsによるいくつかのサイトカインの発現を増加した。図14はGM−CFSの発現に関してIL−1αの増加する濃度に対する第2継代MSCsの24時間応答を図解する。0.1−10.0U/mlの間での培養培地でIL−1αの水準が増加するにつれてMSCsによるGM−CSF分泌の水準に線形に近い増加が存在する。培養培地へのIL−1αでの追加のログの増加はGM−CSF発現での追加の増加を殆どもたらさない。これらのデータは下記に記載される実験で培養培地に補充するIL−1αの濃度を確認するために使用された。以下続くすべての検定に対し、IL−1α、10U/mlが培養培地に加えられた。
この研究におけるMSCsについての我々の継続した分析は追加の表現型特性を確認し、MSCsが分化あるいは表現型調整を生じさせる調節分子に露出された時にこの表現型がいかに変化するかを決定することを意図したものである。この研究において、我々は構造性培養拡張条件下で、またOSあるいはSSの存在下でMSCsのサイトカイン発現を特徴付けるためにエリザ検定を使用した。
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Claims (33)
- 分離ヒト間葉幹細胞の系列指向分化を単一特定間葉系列に誘導する一つの組成物であって、前記組成物が、ヒト間葉幹細胞と、および間葉幹細胞の分化を単一特定系列に誘導する1個またはそれ以上の生物活性因子とを含むことを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第1項記載の組成物であって、ここで前記組成物が、生物活性因子の混合物を含むことを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第1項記載の組成物であって、ここで生物活性因子が、骨形成、軟骨形成、腱形成、靭帯形成、筋形成、骨髄ストロマ形成、脂肪細胞形成および皮膚形成の各間葉系列よりなるグループから選択された間葉系列に、分離ヒト間葉幹細胞の分化を誘導することを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第1項記載の組成物であって、更に薬理許容担体を含むことを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第4項記載の組成物であって、ここで薬理許容担体が、注射可能液であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第4項記載の組成物であって、ここで薬理許容担体が、硬質多孔性容器であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第4項記載の組成物であって、ここで薬理許容担体が、ゲルであることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第1項記載の組成物であって、ここで生物活性因子が、ヒト間葉幹細胞の骨形成系列分化を誘導する骨誘導因子であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第8項記載の組成物であって、ここで骨誘導因子が、骨形態形成タンパク質であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第9項記載の組成物であって、ここで骨形態形成タンパク質が、BMP−2およびBMP−3よりなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第8項記載の組成物であって、ここで骨誘導因子が、繊維芽細胞増殖因子であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第11項記載の組成物であって、ここで繊維芽細胞増殖因子が、塩基性繊維芽細胞増殖因子であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第8項記載の組成物であって、ここで骨誘導因子が、グルココルチコイドであることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第13項記載の組成物であって、ここでグルココルチコイドが、デキサメタゾンであることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第8項記載の組成物であって、ここで骨誘導因子が、プロスタグランジンであることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第15項記載の組成物であって、ここでプロスタグランジンが、プロスタグランジンE1であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第8項記載の組成物であって、更に分離ヒト間葉幹細胞を付随因子と接触させることを含むことを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第17項記載の組成物であって、ここで付随因子が、アスコルビン酸およびその類似体ならびにグリセロホスフェートよりなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第1項記載の組成物であって、ここで生物活性因子が、ヒト間葉幹細胞の軟骨形成系列分化を誘導する軟骨誘導因子であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第19項記載の組成物であって、ここで軟骨誘導因子が、形質転換増殖因子−βスーパーファミリーの一員であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第20項記載の組成物であって、ここで形質転換増殖因子−βスーパーファミリーの一員が、TGF−β1であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第20項記載の組成物であって、ここで形質転換増殖因子−βスーパーファミリーの一員が、インヒビンAであることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第20項記載の組成物であって、ここで形質転換増殖因子−βスーパーファミリーの一員が、軟骨形成刺激活性因子であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第20項記載の組成物であって、ここで形質転換増殖因子−βスーパーファミリーの一員が、骨形態形成タンパク質であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第24項記載の組成物であって、ここで骨形態形成タンパク質が、BMP−4であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第19項記載の組成物であって、ここで軟骨誘導因子がコラーゲン細胞外マトリックスの成分であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第26項記載の組成物であって、ここでコラーゲン細胞外マトリックス成分が、コラーゲンIであることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第27項記載の組成物であって、ここでコラーゲンIが、ゲル形態であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第19項記載の組成物であって、ここで骨誘導因子が、ビタミンA類似体であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第29項記載の組成物であって、ここでビタミンA類似体が、レチノイン酸であることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第1項記載の組成物であって、生物活性因子が、ヒト間葉幹細胞のストロマ形成系列分化を誘導するストロマ誘導因子であることをと特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第31項記載の組成物であって、ここでストロマ誘導因子がインターロイキンであることを特徴とする組成物。
- 請求の範囲第32項記載の組成物であって、ここでインターロイキンがインターロイキン1αおよびインターロイキン2よりなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
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| US12209689B2 (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2025-01-28 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Multiple-tube pinch valve assembly |
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| JPH07500001A (ja) * | 1991-06-18 | 1995-01-05 | キャプラン,アーノルド,アイ. | 骨髄誘導間葉細胞に特異的なモノクローナル抗体 |
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| IL68218A (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1985-12-31 | Univ Ramot | Compositions for cartilage repair comprising embryonal chondrocytes |
| US4904259A (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1990-02-27 | Samuel Itay | Compositions and methods for repair of cartilage and bone |
| US5612211A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1997-03-18 | New York University | Stimulation, production and culturing of hematopoietic progenitor cells by fibroblast growth factors |
| US5226914A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1993-07-13 | Caplan Arnold I | Method for treating connective tissue disorders |
| US5197985A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1993-03-30 | Caplan Arnold I | Method for enhancing the implantation and differentiation of marrow-derived mesenchymal cells |
| US5486359A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1996-01-23 | Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. | Human mesenchymal stem cells |
| US5733542A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1998-03-31 | Haynesworth; Stephen E. | Enhancing bone marrow engraftment using MSCS |
| US5266914A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-11-30 | The Herman Schmidt Company | Magnetic chuck assembly |
| US5591625A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1997-01-07 | Case Western Reserve University | Transduced mesenchymal stem cells |
| US5736396A (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1998-04-07 | Case Western Reserve University | Lineage-directed induction of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation |
| EP0852463B1 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 2008-09-03 | Case Western Reserve University | Myogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells |
| WO1997018299A1 (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-05-22 | Case Western Reserve University | In vitro chondrogenic induction of human mesenchymal stem cells |
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- 1996-01-05 PT PT96903358T patent/PT805853E/pt unknown
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| JPH07500001A (ja) * | 1991-06-18 | 1995-01-05 | キャプラン,アーノルド,アイ. | 骨髄誘導間葉細胞に特異的なモノクローナル抗体 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5173982B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
| DE69636979T2 (de) | 2007-12-20 |
| MX9705612A (es) | 1998-10-31 |
| CA2211120C (en) | 2001-04-03 |
| EP0805853A4 (en) | 1999-12-22 |
| US5942225A (en) | 1999-08-24 |
| EP1717310A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
| AU719098B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
| DK0805853T3 (da) | 2007-07-23 |
| DE69636979D1 (de) | 2007-05-03 |
| JP4454697B2 (ja) | 2010-04-21 |
| CA2211120A1 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
| US5736396A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
| ATE357508T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
| AU4746996A (en) | 1996-08-14 |
| ES2285710T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
| PT805853E (pt) | 2007-06-27 |
| WO1996023059A1 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
| EP0805853B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
| JPH10512756A (ja) | 1998-12-08 |
| EP0805853A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
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