EP3538583A1 - Isocyanuratpolymere mit dualer härtung - Google Patents

Isocyanuratpolymere mit dualer härtung

Info

Publication number
EP3538583A1
EP3538583A1 EP17794993.0A EP17794993A EP3538583A1 EP 3538583 A1 EP3538583 A1 EP 3538583A1 EP 17794993 A EP17794993 A EP 17794993A EP 3538583 A1 EP3538583 A1 EP 3538583A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
isocyanate
component
polymerizable composition
groups
acrylate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17794993.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul Heinz
Richard MEISENHEIMER
Jörg TILLACK
Dirk Achten
Thomas Buesgen
Michael Ludewig
Christoph TOMCZYK
Roland Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Covestro Deutschland AG filed Critical Covestro Deutschland AG
Publication of EP3538583A1 publication Critical patent/EP3538583A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/81—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/8125—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates having two or more isocyanate or isothiocyanate groups
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/003—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B29C39/006—Monomers or prepolymers
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
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    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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    • C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
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    • C08F283/008—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers provided for in C08G18/00 on to unsaturated polymers
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    • C08G18/792—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups formed by oligomerisation of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/81—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/8141—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates masked
    • C08G18/815—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/8158—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/8175—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with esters of acrylic or alkylacrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C08J3/244—Stepwise homogeneous crosslinking of one polymer with one crosslinking system, e.g. partial curing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09J175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/14—Glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2475/00—Presence of polyurethane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to polymerizable compositions containing components that can be crosslinked by isocyanurate bonds as well as by a free-radical reaction mechanism. It further relates to methods by which polymers can be made from these compositions.
  • WO 2015/155195 describes a composite material obtainable from a reinforcing material and a polyurethane composition consisting of at least one polyisocyanate (PIC), a PIC-reactive component consisting of at least one polyol and at least one methacrylate having OH groups, and a radical initiator.
  • PIC polyisocyanate
  • PIC-reactive component consisting of at least one polyol and at least one methacrylate having OH groups
  • a radical initiator a radical initiator
  • WO 2016/087366 describes a free-radically polymerizable composition consisting of a polyurethane which contains double bonds and a reactive diluent based on various methacrylates.
  • the disadvantage here is the two-stage reaction procedure, since first a polyurethane starting from an isocyanate-containing component and a polyol prepared, and must be greatly diluted. Subsequent crosslinking takes place exclusively via a free radical polymerization in a separate step.
  • WO 2016/170057, WO 2016/170059 and WO 2016/170061 describe the preparation of polyisocyanurate plastics by polyaddition of oligomeric isocyanates.
  • the use of oligomeric isocyanates instead of monomeric isocyanates results in less heat of reaction being produced during the polymerization and thus rapid polymerization is possible without the reaction mixture overheating. This is particularly important in the production of moldings, since here the heat generated in the interior of the molded body can be dissipated only limited over the surface.
  • the monomer-poor polyisocyanate compositions described in these applications as starting materials have the disadvantage of a high, relatively high viscosity, which may be a hindrance in some applications.
  • the addition of monomeric polyisocyanates as reactive diluents is undesirable because of the above-described problem of heat of reaction.
  • monomeric polyisocyanates are highly volatile and therefore should not be used for reasons of occupational safety.
  • conventional organic solvents can be used to reduce the viscosity.
  • these are disadvantageous for reasons of environmental protection, since they are released during or after the polymerization in the ambient air.
  • the use of solvents in the production of moldings can lead to material defects, for example to the formation of voids, since the volume of the evaporating solvent is missing in the material.
  • the present invention was initially based on the object of providing a reaction system with a dual curing mechanism in which the mixing ratio of the reactants can be set in a significantly wider range than in the known radiation-crosslinkable polyurethane systems.
  • the present invention relates to a polymerizable composition having a ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups of at least 2.0 to 1.0 comprising a) an isocyanate component A;
  • component B has at least one ethylenic double bond but no isocyanate-reactive group
  • component D in a molecule has at least one isocyanate-reactive group and at least one ethylenic double bond
  • the component E in a molecule has both at least one isocyanate group and at least one ethylenic double bond.
  • the isocyanate component A allows the formation of a polymer formed by the addition of isocyanate groups. In particular, isocyanurate groups are formed.
  • the crosslinking of the isocyanate groups contained in the isocyanate component A gives the polymer the majority of its mechanical and chemical stability.
  • the crosslinking of the isocyanate groups is mediated by the trimerization catalyst C.
  • Components B, D and E are each characterized by the presence of an ethylenic double bond. This double bond is prerequisite for the fact that a second crosslinking mechanism is available in addition to the polyaddition of the isocyanate groups in the polymerizable composition.
  • a second crosslinking mechanism is available in addition to the polyaddition of the isocyanate groups in the polymerizable composition.
  • Component B decreases the viscosity of the polymerizable composition. It can thus advantageously serve as a reactive diluent, i. it becomes part of the polymer after completion of the polymerization process. It can also serve the rapid buildup of viscosity when initially, preferably by actinic radiation, or initiation by means of a thermally activatable initiator, a radical polymerization of the ethylenic double bonds is initiated and only after the crosslinking of the isocyanate groups is performed.
  • the component B is used in combination with a component D or E. It can also be used in combination with both components.
  • the components D and E mediate the crosslinking of the resulting by free radical polymerization network of component B with the polyaddition of the isocyanate groups resulting polymer of the isocyanate A. They ensure that the polymer is not two separate polymer networks of components A and B, but a uniform polymer network.
  • the components D and F can also be used without the addition of a component B for the construction of a polymer network by radical polymerization.
  • the complete curing of the polymerizable composition according to the invention can take place separately in time in two different process steps.
  • first of all the free-radical crosslinking of the components D and E initially produces viscosity which already gives the resulting product a certain degree of dimensional stability, but without further processing, for example by bending Making pressing or embossing impossible. Only subsequent cross-linking of the isocyanate groups with one another leads to complete curing, which gives the product its final stability. This results in a uniform polymer network, since the components B and D always react with the isocyanate groups of the isocyanate component A.
  • the polymerizable composition contains at least one of the two components D and E, but no component B.
  • composition according to the invention contains a component B and at least one of the two components D and E. Particularly preferred is the combination of B and D.
  • the polymerizable composition of the present invention preferably contains the isocyanate component A and component B in an amount that has the viscosity of the undiluted isocyanate component of at most 75%, more preferably at most 50%, even more preferably at most 33% of the viscosity of an undiluted isocyanate component A. lowers.
  • the presence of at least one component D or E in this embodiment is preferred, but not mandatory.
  • the proportion of component A to the total amount of components B, D and E is such that the polymerizable composition has a viscosity of at most 100,000 mPas, more preferably at most 10,000 mPas, even more preferably at most 5,000 mPas and most preferably at most 2,000 mPas.
  • the above conditions are particularly satisfied when the mass ratio of components A and B is in the range of 95 to 5 to 30 to 70, preferably 95 to 5 to 50 to 50, and more preferably 92.5 to 7.5 to 70 to 30.
  • the molar ratio of isocyanate groups and ethylenic double bonds is preferably in a range of 1 to 10 to 10 to 1, more preferably 1 to 5 to 8 to 1, and even more preferably 1 to 3 to 5 to 1).
  • the molecular ratio of these functional groups can be determined by integrating the signals of a sample in the 13 C-NM spectrum.
  • the polymer obtainable by polymerization of the polymerizable composition according to the invention obtains its advantageous properties quite substantially by crosslinking of the isocyanate groups with one another. Therefore, it is essential to the invention that the ratio of isocyanate groups to the total amount of isocyanate-reactive groups in the polymerizable Composition is limited so that a significant molar excess of isocyanate groups is present.
  • the molar ratio of isocyanate groups of the isocyanate component to isocyanate-reactive groups in the polymerizable composition is therefore at least 2.0 to 1.0, preferably at least 3.0 to 1.0, more preferably at least 4.0 to 1.0 and even more preferably at least 8.0 to 1.0.
  • isocyanate-reactive groups are hydroxyl, thiol, carboxyl and amino groups, amides, urethanes, acid anhydrides and epoxides
  • the isocyanate groups present are contained in the components A and, if present, E.
  • the isocyanate-reactive groups can in principle be present in all other components with the exception of component B.
  • the use of the polymerizable composition according to the invention allows greater flexibility in the selection of the proportions of the individual components.
  • the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups must be close to 1: 1 if possible.
  • there is a significant excess of isocyanate groups which is therefore not only acceptable, but even desirable, because the resulting polymer owes its advantageous properties quite substantially to the reaction of isocyanate groups with other isocyanate groups.
  • the resulting structures in particular the isocyanurate groups, lead to polymers with particular hardness and particular resistance to chemicals. Also, isocyanurate groups already intrinsically flame-retardant, so that can be omitted for many applications of the otherwise necessary addition of flame retardants.
  • isocyanate component A denotes the isocyanate component in the initial reaction mixture, in other words the sum of all compounds in the initial reaction mixture which have isocyanate groups with the exception of component E.
  • the isocyanate component A is therefore used as starting material If “isocyanate component A” is used here, in particular "preparation of isocyanate component A”, then this means that isocyanate component A exists and is used as starting material
  • the isocyanate component A preferably contains at least one polyisocyanate.
  • polyurethanes e.g polyurethanes, polyureas and polyisocyanurates
  • low molecular weight compounds eg those with uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, Iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structure.
  • polyisocyanates refers to monomeric and / or oligomeric polyisocyanates alike, but to understand many aspects of the invention it is important to distinguish between monomeric diisocyanates and oligomeric polyisocyanates.
  • Oligomeric polyisocyanates are referred to in this application. then it means polyisocyanates which are composed of at least two monomeric diisocyanate molecules, ie they are compounds which are or contain a reaction product of at least two monomeric diisocyanate molecules.
  • oligomeric polyisocyanates from monomeric diisocyanates is also referred to herein as modifying monomeric diisocyanates.
  • This "modification” as used herein means the reaction of monomeric diisocyanates to oligomeric polyisocyanates having uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structure.
  • hexamethylene diisocyanate is a "monomeric diisocyanate” because it contains two isocyanate groups and is not a reaction product of at least two polyisocyanate molecules:
  • reaction products of at least two HDI molecules which still have at least two isocyanate groups are "oligomeric polyisocyanates.”
  • oligomeric polyisocyanates are, for example, HDI isocyanurate and HDI starting from the monomeric HDI Biuret, each composed of three monomeric HDI building blocks:
  • the weight fraction of isocyanate groups based on the total amount of isocyanate component A is at least 15% by weight.
  • the isocyanate component A may consist essentially of monomeric polyisocyanates or substantially of oligomeric polyisocyanates. But it can also contain oligomeric and monomeric polyisocyanates in any mixing ratios.
  • the isocyanate component A used as starting material in the trimerization is low in monomer (i.e., low in monomeric diisocyanates) and already contains oligomeric polyisocyanates.
  • the terms "low in monomer” and “low in monomeric diisocyanates” are used interchangeably herein with respect to isocyanate component A.
  • the isocyanate component A is a proportion of monomeric diisocyanates in the isocyanate component A of at most 20 wt .-%, in particular at most 15 wt .-% or at most 10 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the isocyanate component A, has.
  • the isocyanate component A has a content of monomeric diisocyanates of at most 5 wt .-%, preferably at most 2.0 wt .-%, particularly preferably at most 1.0 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the isocyanate component A, on.
  • the isocyanate component A is substantially free of monomeric diisocyanates.
  • substantially free means that the content of monomeric diisocyanates is at most 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the isocyanate component A.
  • Isocyanate component A completely or at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 98, 99 or 99.5 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the isocyanate component A, of oligomeric polyisocyanates.
  • a content of oligomeric polyisocyanates of at least 99 wt .-% is preferred.
  • This Content of oligomeric polyisocyanates refers to the isocyanate component A as provided. That is, the oligomeric polyisocyanates are not formed during the process according to the invention as an intermediate, but are already at the beginning of the reaction in the isocyanate component used as starting material A before.
  • Polyisocyanate compositions which are low in monomer or substantially free of monomeric isocyanates can be obtained by carrying out, after the actual modification reaction, in each case at least one further process step for separating off the unreacted excess monomeric diisocyanates.
  • This monomer removal can be carried out in a particularly practical manner by processes known per se, preferably by thin-layer distillation under high vacuum or by extraction with suitable isocyanate-inert solvents, for example aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclopentane or cyclohexane.
  • the novel isocyanate component A is obtained by modifying monomeric diisocyanates with subsequent removal of unreacted monomers.
  • a low-monomer isocyanate component A contains a monomeric foreign diisocyanate.
  • monomeric foreign diisocyanate means that it differs from the monomeric diisocyanates used to prepare the oligomeric polyisocyanates contained in the isocyanate component A.
  • additive of monomeric foreign diisocyanate may be used to achieve special technical effects, such as e.g. be advantageous to a particular hardness. Particularly practical results are obtained when the isocyanate component A is a proportion of monomeric foreign diisocyanate in the isocyanate component A of at most 20 wt .-%, in particular at most 15 wt .-% or at most 10 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the isocyanate component A, has.
  • the isocyanate component A preferably has a monomeric foreign diisocyanate content of at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2.0% by weight, particularly preferably at most 1.0% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the isocyanate component A.
  • the isocyanate component A contains monomeric monoisocyanates or monomeric isocyanates having an isocyanate functionality greater than two, ie having more than two isocyanate groups per molecule.
  • monomeric monoisocyanates or monomeric isocyanates having an isocyanate functionality greater than two has been found to be advantageous for affecting the network density of the coating.
  • the isocyanate component A is a proportion of monomeric monoisocyanates or monomeric Isocyanates having an isocyanate functionality greater than two in the isocyanate component A of at most 20 wt .-%, in particular at most 15 wt .-% or at most 10 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the isocyanate component A.
  • the isocyanate component A has a content of monomeric monoisocyanates or monomeric isocyanates having an isocyanate functionality greater than two of at most 5 wt .-%, preferably at most 2.0 wt .-%, particularly preferably at most 1.0 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the isocyanate component A, on.
  • no monomeric monoisocyanate or monomeric isocyanate with an isocyanate functionality greater than two is used.
  • the oligomeric polyisocyanates may in particular have uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structures.
  • the oligomeric polyisocyanates have at least one of the following oligomeric structural types or mixtures thereof:
  • an isocyanate component A is used whose Isocyanurat Modellanteil
  • an isocyanate component A is used whose isocyanurate structure content is at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 60 mol%, more preferably at least 70 mol%, even more preferably at least 80 mol%, even more preferably at least 90 mol % and particularly preferably at least 95 mol% based on the sum of the oligomeric structures present from the group consisting of uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, Iminooxadiazindion- and Oxadiazintrion Modell in the isocyanate component A is.
  • an isocyanate component A which, in addition to the isocyanurate structure, contains at least one further oligomeric polyisocyanate with uretdione, biuret, allophanate, iminooxadiazinedione and oxadiazinetrione structure and mixtures thereof.
  • the proportions of uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structure in the isocyanate component A can be determined, for example, by NM spectroscopy.
  • the 13C-NMR spectroscopy preferably proton-decoupled, may preferably be used in this case since the stated oligomeric structures give characteristic signals.
  • an oligomeric isocyanate component A to be used in the process according to the invention and / or the oligomeric polyisocyanates contained therein preferably has an (average) NCO Functionality of from 2.0 to 5.0, preferably from 2.3 to 4.5.
  • the isocyanate component A to be used according to the invention has a content of isocyanate groups of 8.0 to 28.0% by weight, preferably from 14.0 to 25.0% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the Isocyanate component A, has.
  • the isocyanate component A according to the invention is defined by containing oligomeric polyisocyanates consisting of monomeric diisocyanates, regardless of the type of modification reaction used, while maintaining a degree of oligomerization of 5 to 45%, preferably 10 to 40% preferably 15 to 30% were obtained.
  • degree of oligomerization is meant the percentage of isocyanate groups originally present in the starting mixture which is consumed during the production process to form uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structures.
  • Suitable polyisocyanates for preparing the isocyanate component A to be used in the process according to the invention and the monomeric and / or oligomeric polyisocyanates contained therein are any polyisocyanates obtainable in various ways, for example by phosgenation in the liquid or gas phase or on a phosgene-free route, for example by thermal urethane cleavage , Particularly good results are obtained when the polyisocyanates are monomeric diisocyanates.
  • Preferred monomeric diisocyanates are those which have a molecular weight in the range of 140 to 400 g / mol, with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatically bonded isocyanate groups, such as.
  • BDI 1,4- Diisocyanatobutane
  • PDI 1,5-diisocyanato-pentane
  • HDI 1,6-diisocyanatohexane
  • 2-methyl-1,5-diisocyanato-pentane 1,5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-pentane
  • 2,2,4 or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-diisocyanatohexane 1,10-diisocyanatodecane
  • 1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane 1,4-diisocyanato-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane
  • l 3-diisocyanato-2-methylcyclohexane
  • 1,3-diisocyanato-4-methylcyclohexane 1,isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diiso
  • Suitable monomeric monoisocyanates which can optionally be used in the isocyanate component A are, for example, n-butyl isocyanate, n-amyl isocyanate, n-hexyl isocyanate, n-heptyl isocyanate, n-octyl isocyanate, undecyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, tetradecyl isocyanate, cetyl isocyanate, stearyl isocyanate, cyclopentyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, 3- or 4-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate or any mixtures of such monoisocyanates.
  • isocyanate component A As a monomeric isocyanate having an isocyanate functionality greater than two, which may optionally be added to the isocyanate component A, is exemplified by 4-isocyanatomethyl-l, 8-octane diisocyanate (triisocyanatononane, TIN).
  • the isocyanate component A contains at most 30% by weight, in particular at most 20% by weight, at most 15% by weight, at most 10% by weight, at most 5% by weight or at most 1% by weight. %, in each case based on the weight of the isocyanate component A, of aromatic polyisocyanates.
  • aromatic polyisocyanate means a polyisocyanate having at least one aromatic-bonded isocyanate group.
  • aromatically bound isocyanate groups is meant isocyanate groups which are bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon radical.
  • an isocyanate component A which has exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups.
  • aliphatic or cycloaliphatic bound isocyanate groups is meant isocyanate groups which are bonded to an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical.
  • an isocyanate component A is used which consists of or contains one or more oligomeric polyisocyanates, the one or more oligomeric polyisocyanates having exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups.
  • the isocyanate component A is at least 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 98 or 99 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the isocyanate component A, of polyisocyanates exclusively aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bound Having isocyanate groups. Practical experiments have shown that particularly good results can be achieved with isocyanate components A in which the oligomeric polyisocyanates contained therein have exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups.
  • a polyisocyanate A composition which consists of or contains one or more oligomeric polyisocyanates, wherein the one or more oligomeric polyisocyanates based on 1,4-diisocyanatobutane (BDI), 1,5-diisocyanatopentane (PDI), 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H 12MDI) or mixtures thereof.
  • BDI 1,4-diisocyanatobutane
  • PDI 1,5-diisocyanatopentane
  • HDI 1,6-diisocyanatohexane
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • H 12MDI 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane
  • isocyanate components A having a viscosity of greater than 500 mPas and less than 200,000 mPas, preferably greater than 1,000 mPas and less than 100,000 mPas, more preferably greater than 1,000 mPas and less than 50,000 mPas and even more preferably greater than 1,000 mPas and less 25,000 mPas, measured according to DIN EN ISO 3219 at 21 ° C, used.
  • component B all compounds are suitable which contain at least one ethylenic double bond.
  • This ethylenic double bond is crosslinkable by a radical reaction mechanism with other ethylenic double bonds.
  • This condition preferably fulfills activated double bonds located between the - and the ⁇ -carbon atom adjacent to an activating group.
  • the activating group is preferably a carboxyl or carbonyl group.
  • component B is an acrylate, a methacrylate, the ester of an acrylate or the esters of a methacrylate.
  • the Component B no isocyanate-reactive groups as defined above in this application and no isocyanate groups.
  • Preferred components B are components B1 with one, components B2 with two and components B3 with three of the ethylenic double bonds described above. Particularly preferred are Bl and / or B2.
  • component B used is a mixture of at least one component B1 and at least one component B2.
  • a mixture of at least one component Bl and at least one component B3 is used as component B.
  • component B is a mixture of at least one component B2 and at least one component B3.
  • component B a mixture of at least one component Bl, at least component B2 and at least one component B3 is used.
  • a mixture of at least one component Bl with at least one component B2 is used.
  • the mass ratio of the components Bl and B2 is preferably between 30: 1 and 1: 30, more preferably between 20: 1 and 1:20, even more preferably between 1:10 and 10: 1, and most preferably between 2: 1 and 1: 2.
  • Preferred components Bl are methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, iso-octyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl ( meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate,
  • Preferred components B2 are vinyl (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol propoxylate di (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol A ethoxylated di (meth ) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexamethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate and 4,4'-bis (2- (meth) acryloyloxyethoxy) diphenylpropane , Preferred components B3 are ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, propoxy
  • the trimerization catalyst C may be mixed from one or more types of catalyst but contains at least one catalyst which effects the trimerization of isocyanate groups to isocyanurates or iminooxadiazinediones.
  • Suitable catalysts for the process according to the invention are, for example, simple tertiary amines, such as e.g. Triethylamine, tributylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaniline, N ethylpiperidine or N, N'-dimethylpiperazine.
  • Suitable catalysts are also the tertiary hydroxyalkylamines described in GB 2 221 465, e.g. Triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-isopropyldiethanolamine and 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidine, or those known from GB 2 222 161, from mixtures of tertiary bicyclic amines, e.g. DBU, with simple low molecular weight aliphatic alcohols existing catalyst systems.
  • simple tertiary amines such as e.g. Triethylamine, tributylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylani
  • trimerization catalysts for the process according to the invention is a multiplicity of different metal compounds.
  • Suitable examples are the octoates and naphthenates described in DE-A 3 240 613 as catalysts of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, cerium or lead or mixtures thereof with acetates of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium or Barium, the known from DE-A 3 219 608 sodium and potassium salts of linear or branched alkanecarboxylic acids having up to 10 C-atoms, such as propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid and undecylic acid , the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids having 2 to 20 C atoms, such as, for example, sodium or potassium benzoate, which are known from EP
  • trimerization catalysts for the process according to the invention are, for example, the quaternary ammonium hydroxides known from DE-A 1 667 309, EP-A 0 013 880 and EP-A 0 047 452, such as, for example, US Pat. tetraethylammonium,
  • Trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide N, N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium hydroxide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N-dimethylN- (2,2'-dihydroxymethylbutyl) -ammonium hydroxide and (2-hydroxyethyl) -l, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane hydroxide (monoadduct of ethylene oxide and water on 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane) obtained from EP-A 37 65 or EP -A 10 589 known quaternary hydroxyalkylammonium hydroxides, such as N, N, N-trimethyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium hydroxide, the trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium carboxylates known from DE-A 2631733, EP-A 0 671 426, EP-A 1 5
  • N, N, N-trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium p-tert-butylbenzoate and N, N, N-trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate those known from EP-A 1 229 016 quaternary Benzylammonium carboxylates, such as N-benzyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-ethylammonium pivalate, N-benzyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-ethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, N-benzyl-N, N, N-tributylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, N, N-dimethyl-N-ethyl-N- (4-methoxybenzyl) ammonium 2-ethylhexanoate or N, N, N-tributyl-N- (4-methoxybenzyl) ammonium pivalate, which are known from
  • N-methyl-N, N, N-trialkylammonium fluorides with C 8 -C 10 -alkyl radicals N, N, N, N-tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trimethyl-N-benzylammonium fluoride, tetramethyl phosphonium fluoride .
  • Tetraethylphosphonium fluoride or tetra-n-butylphosphonium fluoride the known from EP-A 0 798 299, EP-A 0 896 009 and EP-A 0 962 455 known quaternary ammonium and Phosphoniumpolyfluoride, such as benzyl-trimethylammoniumhydrogenpolyfluorid, from EP-A 0 668 271 known tetraalkylammonium alkyl carbonates, which are obtainable by reaction of tertiary amines with dialkyl, or betaine structurized quaternary Ammonioalkylcarbonate known from WO 1999/023128 known quaternary ammonium bicarbonates, such as choline bicarbonate, known from EP 0,102,482, from tertiary Amines and alkylating esters of acids of phosphorus available quaternary ammonium salts, such as reaction products of triethylamine, DABCO or N-
  • carboxylates and phenolates with metal or ammonium ions are the anions of all aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids, preferably those with mono- or polycarboxylic acids having 1 to 20 C atoms.
  • Suitable metal ions are derived from alkali or alkaline earth metals, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, cerium, tin, titanium, hafnium or lead.
  • Preferred alkali metals are lithium, sodium and potassium, more preferably sodium and potassium.
  • Preferred alkaline earth metals are magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.
  • sodium or potassium benzoate the alkali phenolates known from GB-PS 1 391 066 and GB-PS 1 386 399, such as.
  • sodium or potassium phenolate and known from GB 809 809 alkali and alkaline earth oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, alkoxides and - phenolates.
  • the trimerization catalyst C preferably contains a polyether. This is especially preferred when the catalyst contains metal ions.
  • Preferred polyethers are selected from the group consisting of crown ether, diethylene glycol, polyethylene and polypropylene glycols. In the process according to the invention, it has proven to be particularly practical to use a trimerization catalyst B which contains as polyether a polyethylene glycol or a crown ether, more preferably 18-crown-6 or 15-crown-5.
  • the Trimiers istskatalysator B contains a polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 1000 g / mol, preferably 300 g / mol to 500 g / mol and in particular 350 g / mol to 450 g / mol.
  • Component D is a compound which defines in a molecule at least one isocyanate-reactive group as defined earlier in this application and has at least one ethylenic double bond.
  • the isocyanate-reactive group of component D may also be a uretdione group.
  • Ethylenic double bonds are preferably those represented by a radical reaction mechanism with other ethylenic double bonds are crosslinkable.
  • Corresponding activated double bonds are defined in more detail for component B above in this application.
  • Preferred components D are alkoxyalkyl (meth) acrylates having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the hydroxyalkyl radical. Particular preference is given to 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, the isomer mixture or 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate formed in the addition of propylene oxide onto acrylic acid.
  • Component E is a compound which has both at least one isocyanate group and at least one ethylenic double bond in one molecule. It can advantageously be obtained by crosslinking a component D described in the preceding section with a monomeric or oligomeric polyisocyanate as described above in this application. This crosslinking is effected by reaction of the isocyanate-reactive groups, in this case in particular a hydroxyl, amino or thiol group, and an isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate. This is preferably catalyzed by a component G as described later in this application. But it is also any other suitable and known in the art catalyst conceivable. Also can be completely dispensed with a catalyst.
  • oligomeric polyisocyanate based on hexamethylene diisocyanate or pentamethylene diisocyanate is combined with a component D selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, the mixture of isomers resulting from the addition of propylene oxide to acrylic acid and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate.
  • Further preferred components E are 2-isocyanatoethyl (meth) acrylate, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanate tri (meth) acrylate, vinyl isocyanate, allyl isocyanate and 3-isopropenyl, - dimethylbenzyl isocyanate
  • the free-radical polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated compounds present in the reaction mixture can be effected by actinic radiation with sufficient energy content.
  • actinic radiation This is in particular UV-VIS radiation in the wave range between 200 and 500 nm.
  • the polymerizable composition according to the invention need not contain any component F. However, if it is desired to dispense with the use of appropriate radiation, then the presence of at least one component F is necessary, which is suitable as an initiator of a radical polymerization of the ethylenic double bonds present in the polymerizable composition according to the invention.
  • Initiators of this type have the effect, under suitable conditions, in particular on heating or the action of suitable radiation, of forming radicals which react with the ethylenic double bonds to give vinyl radicals, which in turn react in a chain reaction with further ethylenic double bonds.
  • the component F contains at least one radiation-activated initiator F1 or at least one temperature-activated initiator F2. However, it may also contain a mixture of at least one radiation-activated initiator F1 and at least one temperature-activated initiator F2.
  • Preferred radiation-activated initiators Fl are compounds of the unimolecular type (I) and of the bimolecular type (II).
  • Suitable type (I) systems are aromatic ketone compounds, such as. As benzophenones in combination with tertiary amines, alkylbenzophenones, 4,4'-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone (Michler's ketone), anthrone and halogenated benzophenones or mixtures of the types mentioned.
  • type (II) initiators such as benzoin and its derivatives, benzil ketals, acylphosphine oxides, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, bisacylphosphine oxides, phenylglyoxylic acid esters, camphorquinone, ⁇ -aminoalkylphenones, dialkoxyacetophenones and hydroxyalkylphenones.
  • lrgacur ® phenyl ketone, a mixture of benzophenone and (l-hydroxycyclohexyl), Messrs.
  • Ciba, Lampertheim, DE 500, Irgacure ® 819 DW (Phenylbis- (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide, Fa. Ciba, Lampertheim, DE) or Esacure ® KIP EM (oligo- [2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l- [4- (l-methylvinyl) phenyl] -propanone], Fa. Lamberti, Aldizzate, Italy) and bis ( 4-methoxybenzoyl) diethylgerman. It is also possible to use mixtures of these compounds.
  • photoinitiators Care should be taken with the photoinitiators to have sufficient reactivity with the source of radiation used.
  • photoinitiators There are a variety of photoinitiators known in the market. Commercially available photoinitiators cover the wavelength range in the entire UV-VIS spectrum.
  • Preferred temperature-activated initiators F2 are organic azo compounds, organic peroxides and CC-cleaving initiators, such as benzpinacol silyl ethers, N, N-diacyl-hydroxylamines, O-alkylated N, N-diacyl-hydroxylamines or O-acylated N, N-diacyl-hydroxylamines. Also suitable are inorganic peroxides such as peroxodisulfates. Other suitable thermal free radical initiators are azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO), di-tert-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and peroxybenzoic acid ieri-butyl ester. However, the person skilled in the art can also use all other thermal initiators known to him. Component G
  • Component G is a catalyst which catalyzes the crosslinking of an isocyanate group with an isocyanate-reactive group. This is preferably a urethane group, a Thiourethanomia or a urea group.
  • the polymerizable composition preferably contains a component G when a component D with at least one isocyanate-reactive group is present.
  • a component G also in this case is not mandatory, since the crosslinking of isocyanate groups with isocyanate-reactive groups, the trimerization catalysts used C can be accelerated and runs well without catalysis sufficiently fast, if the reaction temperature is high enough.
  • the addition of a component G can be dispensed with in particular if the crosslinking of the isocyanate groups present in the isocyanate component A is carried out at temperatures of at least 60 ° C., preferably at least 120 ° C.
  • Preferred components G are the typical urethanization catalysts, as indicated, for example, in Becker / Braun, Kunststoffhandbuch Volume 7, Polyurethanes, Chapter 3.4.
  • the catalyst used may in particular be a compound selected from the group of tertiary amines, tertiary amine salts, metal salts and organometallic compounds, preferably from the group of tin salts, tin organyls and bismuth organyls.
  • the viscosity of the polymerizable composition according to the invention is preferably adjusted by the use of a component B in a suitable concentration. These act as reactive diluents and fundamentally make it possible to dispense with the use of additional solvents for lowering the viscosity of the isocyanate component A.
  • the polymerizable composition according to the invention may contain all solvents known to those skilled in the art for the dilution of isocyanates.
  • the polymerizable composition according to the invention additionally comprises at least one additive I selected from the group consisting of UV stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, water scavengers, slip additives, defoamers, leveling agents, rheology additives, flame retardants and pigments.
  • additives selected from the group consisting of UV stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, water scavengers, slip additives, defoamers, leveling agents, rheology additives, flame retardants and pigments.
  • auxiliaries and additives are usually present in an amount of at most 10% by weight, preferably at most 5% by weight and more preferably at most 3% by weight, based on the polymerizable composition of the invention.
  • the polymerizable composition comprises at least one organic filler J1 and / or at least one inorganic filler J2.
  • Said fillers can be present in any shape and size known to those skilled in the art.
  • Preferred organic fillers J1 are wood, cellulose, paper, cardboard, tissue chips, cork, wheat chaff, polydextrose, cellulose, aramids, polyethylene, carbon, carbon nanotubes, polyesters, nylon, plexiglas, flax, hemp and sisal.
  • Preferred inorganic fillers J 2 are AlOH 3 , CaCO 3 , silicon dioxide, magnesium carbonate, TiO 2 , ZnS, minerals containing silicates, sulfates, carbonates and the like, such as magnesite, barite, mica, dolomite, kaolin, talc, clay minerals, and carbon black, graphite, boron nitride , Glass, basalt, boron, ceramics and silicic acid.
  • the present invention relates to the use of at least one component selected from the group consisting of components B, D and E for the preparation of a polymerizable composition having a ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups of at least 2.0 to 1.0 which is an isocyanate component A contains and is polymerizable by radical polymerization as well as by crosslinking of isocyanate groups with each other.
  • At least one component B is used as defined above in this application.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polymer comprising the steps of a) providing a polymerizable composition as described earlier in this application;
  • viscosity is first built up by process step b) before the final curing of the polymer takes place in process step c).
  • the two process steps do not have to follow one another directly in time. It is particularly preferred that between the two process steps, a further step takes place, in which the product of process step b) is formed.
  • the polymerizable composition according to the invention does not contain a temperature-activated initiator F 2.
  • a temperature-activated initiator F2 is used, since in this case the temperature increase required for the crosslinking of the isocyanate groups in process step c) also causes the crosslinking of the ethylenic double bonds in process step b).
  • the method according to the invention comprises a further process step d) in which the isocyanate-reactive group of component D is crosslinked with an isocyanate group of the isocyanate component A or a reaction product of the isocyanate component A.
  • Said process step d) can be carried out before process step b), it can be carried out between process steps b) and c), it can be carried out in parallel to process step b) or c) or also after process steps b) and c).
  • the process step d) is preferably carried out in parallel to the process step c), since there is already an increase in temperature, which also causes the reaction of components A and D.
  • the crosslinking of the ethylenic double bonds contained in the polymerizable composition according to the invention is carried out by a free-radical polymerization.
  • This polymerization reaction when a radiation-activated initiator Fl is present, according to the invention by the use of radiation, which is suitable for its activation, initiated.
  • a temperature-activated initiator F2 is present in the polymerizable composition used, crosslinking of the ethylenic double bonds is initiated by heating the polymerizable composition to the required temperature.
  • the use of sufficiently high-energy radiation, as defined above in this application is sufficient for initiation of the free-radical polymerization in process step b), irrespective of the presence of initiators F1 or F1.
  • the "crosslinking" of the isocyanate component A in process step c) is a process in which the isocyanate groups contained therein form or at least one structure selected from the group consisting of uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, Iminooxadiazindion- and Oxadiazintrion Modellen react with already existing urethane groups.
  • the isocyanate groups originally present in the isocyanate component A are consumed.
  • the monomeric and oligomeric polyisocyanates contained in isocyanate component A are combined to form a polymer network.
  • the crosslinking reaction results in at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 5%, very particularly preferably at most 2% and in particular at most 1 % of the total nitrogen content of the isocyanate component A in urethane and / or allophanate groups.
  • the cured isocyanate component A is not completely free of urethane and allophanate groups. It therefore preferably contains at least 0.1% of urethane and / or allophanate groups, based on the total nitrogen content, taking into account the upper limits defined in the preceding paragraph.
  • the crosslinking of the isocyanate groups present in the polymerizable composition according to the invention predominantly by cyclotrimerization of at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, especially at least 80% and most preferably 90% of present in the isocyanate component A.
  • free isocyanate groups to Isocyanurat Modelltechniken takes place.
  • corresponding proportions of the nitrogen originally contained in the isocyanate component A are bound in isocyanurate structures.
  • Side reactions, especially those to uretdione, allophanate, and / or iminooxadiazinedione structures usually occur and can even be used selectively, e.g. to favorably influence the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resulting polyisocyanurate resin.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the content of urethane and / or allophanate groups as defined above is preferably also present in this embodiment.
  • the crosslinking of the isocyanate groups is preferably carried out at temperatures between 50 ° C and 220 ° C, more preferably between 80 ° C and 200 ° C and even more preferably between 100 ° C and 200 ° C.
  • the abovementioned temperatures are maintained in process step c) until at least 50%, preferably at least 75% and even more preferably at least 90% of the free isocyanate groups present in the isocyanate component A at the beginning of process step b) are consumed.
  • the percentage of isocyanate groups still present can be determined by comparing the content of isocyanate groups in wt .-% in the present at the beginning of the process step b) isocyanate component A with the content of isocyanate groups in wt .-% im Reaction product, for example, by the above-mentioned comparison of the intensity of the isocyanate at about 2270 cm-1 by means of I spectroscopy determined.
  • process step c) of course depends on the geometry of the workpiece to be produced, in particular the ratio of surface area and volume, since in the core of the resulting workpiece, the required temperature for the required minimum duration must be achieved. The person skilled in the art can determine these parameters by simple preliminary tests.
  • crosslinking of the abovementioned proportions of free isocyanate groups is achieved if the abovementioned temperatures are kept for 1 minute to 4 hours. Particularly preferred is a period between 1 minute and 15 minutes at temperatures between 180 ° C and 220 ° C or a period of 5 minutes to 120 minutes at a temperature of 120 ° C.
  • the present invention relates to a polymer obtainable by the method described above.
  • the polymer is preferably present as a coating or as a shaped body.
  • a “coating” is preferably characterized by being applied to a substrate, this substrate preferably being selected from the group consisting of wood, plastic, metal, natural stone, concrete, paper and glass
  • the coating is particularly preferably characterized in that it has a dimension of at least 0.005 mm and at most 5 mm in one dimension and a dimension of at least 2 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, in at least one, preferably two, of the other two dimensions 3 cm.
  • a "molded article” is defined as having an edge length of at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 1 mm in at least one of the three dimensions and a dimension of at least 2 cm, preferably at least 5 cm, in at least one of the other two dimensions. It preferably has an edge length of at least 2 cm in all three dimensions.
  • RT room temperature
  • phase transitions were determined by means of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) using a Mettler DSC 12E (Mettler Toledo GmbH, Giessen, Germany) in accordance with DIN EN 61006. Calibration was performed by the temperature of the indium-lead melted on-set. 10 mg of substance were weighed into normal capsules. The measurement was carried out by three heats from -50 ° C to +200 ° C at a heating rate of 20 K / min with subsequent cooling at a cooling rate of 320 K / min. The cooling was carried out by liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen was used as purge gas. The given values are based on the evaluation of the 2nd heating curve. The glass transition temperature T g was obtained from the temperature at half the height of a glass transition stage.
  • the infrared spectra were measured on a Bruker FT-IR spectrometer equipped with an ATR unit.
  • Polyisocyanate AI HDI trimer (NCO functionality> 3) with an NCO content of 23.0 wt .-% of the company. Covestro AG. The viscosity is about 1200 mPa-s at 23 ° C (DIN EN ISO 3219 / A.3).
  • Polyisocyanate A2 PDI trimer (NCO functionality> 3) with an NCO content of 21.5% by weight from Covestro AG.
  • the viscosity is about 9500 mPa-s at 23 ° C (DIN EN ISO 3219 / A.3).
  • Acrylate 1 hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) was obtained with a purity of> 99% by weight from Sigma-Aldrich.
  • Acrylate 2 hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) was obtained with a purity of 98 wt .-% of Fa. GmbH, but.
  • IBOMA isobornyl methacrylate
  • Trigonox * C peroxybenzoic acid, ieri-butyl ester
  • Potassium acetate was obtained with a purity of> 99 wt .-% of the company. ACROS.
  • Lucirin TPO-L is an ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphinate from BASF obtained from the company Sigma Aldrich.
  • Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 was obtained with a purity of> 99 wt .-% of the company. ACROS.
  • Potassium acetate (5.0 g) was stirred in the PEG 400 (95.0 g) at r.t. until everything was dissolved. There was thus obtained a 5 wt .-% solution of potassium acetate in PEG 400 and used without further treatment as a catalyst.
  • reaction mixture was, unless stated otherwise, by mixing polyisocyanate (A1-A2) and the acrylate / acrylates with an appropriate amount of catalyst (Kl-2), initiator and optionally additive at 23 ° C in a speed mixer DAC 150.1 FVZ Fa. Hauschild 1 and 2 minutes of mixing produced at 2750 min ". This was then either cast without further treatment for cross-linking in an appropriate shape or knife-coated onto a glass plate.
  • Exemplary embodiments 1 to 20 are exemplary embodiments 1 to 20:
  • the T g of the cured reaction mixtures was 70 - 128 ° C.
  • the viscosities of the reaction mixtures according to the invention with polyisocyanate AI (Examples 3, 4, 6-9) were directly after preparing the mixture 0.5-0.7 Pa-s and increased over 4 h at RT to 1.0 - 2.1 Pa-s.
  • the viscosity of the reaction mixture according to the invention with polyisocyanate A2 (Example 11) was 3.0 Pa-s immediately after the preparation of the mixture and increased to 5.6 Pa-s over 4 h at RT.
  • Table 1 Compositions, manufacturing conditions and material properties of the embodiments 1-20.
  • the reaction mixture was 250 ⁇ thick geräkelt on the tin-free side of a glass plate and then UV treated with a gallium-doped and an undoped mercury lamp. Subsequently, the samples were cured at 180 ° C for 15 min.
  • Table 2 Compositions and Material Properties of Exemplary Embodiments 21-24.
  • the Tg of the cured reaction mixture was 101 ° C.
  • the viscosity of the comparative reaction mixtures with polyisocyanate AI was more than 2 Pa-s immediately after the preparation of the mixture and increased to more than 3.5 Pa-s within 4 h.
  • the starting viscosity when mixed with acrylates was markedly lower (0.5-0.7 Pa.s) and, even after 4 h at RT, had lower values (1.0-2.0 Pa). s) as the starting viscosity of the comparative experiment.
  • the material properties (for example Tg) of the materials according to the invention were of a comparable order of magnitude.
  • the Tg of the cured reaction mixture was 137 ° C.
  • the reaction mixture is 250 ⁇ thick geräkelt on the tin-free side of a glass plate and then UV-treated with a gallium-doped and an undoped mercury lamp, wherein the reaction mixture is not changed and a drain can be determined.

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EP3224292A1 (en) 2014-11-24 2017-10-04 PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods for reactive three-dimensional printing by inkjet printing
US10434704B2 (en) 2017-08-18 2019-10-08 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Additive manufacturing using polyurea materials
CN111344328B (zh) * 2017-11-09 2023-05-30 科思创德国股份有限公司 制造物件的方法和可自由基交联树脂在增材制造法中的用途
US20210032392A1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2021-02-04 Covestro Deutschland Ag Semi-finished product on the basis of a dual crosslinking mechanism
GB201819984D0 (en) 2018-12-07 2019-01-23 Ge Healthcare Bio Sciences Ab Chromatography column and method of assembling the same
EP3917984A1 (en) * 2019-02-01 2021-12-08 Basf Se Polyurethane and uv-moisture dual cure pu reactive hotmelt comprising the same
JPWO2021002479A1 (zh) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07
US20220153910A1 (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-05-19 Covestro Llc Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate hybrid coatings
US20220153911A1 (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-05-19 Covestro Llc Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate hybrid materials and method of preparing the same
WO2022207532A1 (en) 2021-03-29 2022-10-06 Covestro Deutschland Ag Polyisocyanurate-prepregs and fiber composite components produced therefrom
EP4092064A1 (en) 2021-05-17 2022-11-23 Covestro Deutschland AG Photo- and thermally curable resin useful for additive manufacturing
EP4116348A1 (en) 2021-07-09 2023-01-11 Covestro Deutschland AG Photo- and thermally curable resin useful in additive manufacturing processes
EP4166331A1 (en) 2021-10-12 2023-04-19 Covestro Deutschland AG Photo- and thermally curable resin useful in additive manufacturing processes
CN115160908B (zh) * 2022-07-06 2023-07-07 海利得新材料研究(上海)有限公司 无溶剂uv哑光涂料及其制备方法

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