EP1277215B1 - Elektrisches bauelement, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung - Google Patents

Elektrisches bauelement, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1277215B1
EP1277215B1 EP01935992A EP01935992A EP1277215B1 EP 1277215 B1 EP1277215 B1 EP 1277215B1 EP 01935992 A EP01935992 A EP 01935992A EP 01935992 A EP01935992 A EP 01935992A EP 1277215 B1 EP1277215 B1 EP 1277215B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
resistance
ceramic
layers
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01935992A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1277215A1 (de
Inventor
Friedrich Rosc
Franz Schrank
Gerald Kloiber
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TDK Electronics AG
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Epcos AG
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Publication date
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/041—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient formed as one or more layers or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1413—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having negative temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/042—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of inorganic non-metallic substances
    • H01C7/043—Oxides or oxidic compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49004—Electrical device making including measuring or testing of device or component part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing
    • Y10T29/49098—Applying terminal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49128—Assembling formed circuit to base
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49169—Assembling electrical component directly to terminal or elongated conductor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical component having a base body and two outer electrodes, wherein the base body contains a ceramic with a given resistivity. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the electrical component. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of the electrical component.
  • NTC resistor There are electrical components of the aforementioned type are known in which the specific resistance of the ceramic has a negative temperature coefficient and which are therefore used as NTC resistor. For special applications of NTC resistors, for example in heating technology, industrial electronics or automotive electronics, low resistance values between 50 and 500 ohms are required for the components. Usually, the resistance of an NTC device is given at 25 ° Celsius.
  • ceramics are available, which have a low resistivity. These ceramics are based on mixed crystals with spinel structure, which are composed of four cations of the group manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper. The cations are mixed in an atomic ratio Mn / Ni / Co / Cu, which is between 65/19/9/7 and 56/16/8/20. The specific resistance of these ceramics is between 100 and 0.1 ⁇ cm.
  • These ceramics have the disadvantage that their resistance is subjected to a strong scattering. Furthermore, these ceramics have the disadvantage that their electrical properties, in particular their electrical resistance, not long-term stability are.
  • the long-term stability of the components is given as a change in resistance after storage of the components, for example at a temperature of 70 ° Celsius over a period of 10,000 hours. The time-dependent change of the resistance under these conditions is greater than 2% for the devices made with low-resistance ceramics.
  • the known components also have the disadvantage that their resistance due to the simple design (ceramic block or disc with two external contact electrodes) exclusively dependent on the specific resistance of the ceramic and therefore subject to variations in the ceramic material composition.
  • the production-related deviation of the actual resistance from the nominal resistance may be 5% or more.
  • an NTC resistor (thermistor) which has a multilayer structure, wherein electrode layers are separated from one another by ceramic layers.
  • the ceramic layers are printed as a thick film layer by screen printing on the electrode layers. Due to the screen printing process used, the ceramic layers have large scattering values with respect to their layer thickness, so that the thermistors known from the cited document can be produced only with considerable difficulty with exactly predetermined resistance values.
  • the known thermistors thus have large tolerances with respect to the electrical resistances.
  • JP 02 276 203 A is a thermistor in multi-layer construction, in which the ceramic material as a composition based on Co, Cu and Li is selected.
  • JP 04 24 76 03 A is a thermistor based on Un 3 O 4 is known in which a ceramic body is contacted only by means of external electrodes.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide an electrical component which is suitable as an NTC resistor and which has a low resistance value with high long-term stability and a small range of the resistance values. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing the electrical component, which allows the most accurate setting of a desired resistance of the component.
  • the invention specifies an electrical component having a main body which has a layer stack of mutually overlapping electrically conductive electrode layers. Two adjacent electrode layers are separated from each other by an electrically conductive ceramic layer.
  • the electrically conductive ceramic layers are made of a ceramic material whose specific electrical resistance ⁇ (T) has a negative temperature coefficient.
  • the electrically conductive ceramic layers are made of ceramic green sheets sintered together with the electrode layers.
  • outer electrodes are arranged on two opposite outer surfaces of the base body, which are electrically conductively connected to the electrode layers.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage that the electrically conductive ceramic layers are made of ceramic green sheets.
  • the process of drawing ceramic green sheets may be used to make sheets having a thickness be used by about 50 ⁇ and in compliance with very precise coating thickness specifications.
  • the component according to the invention has the advantage that a predetermined resistance value for the component can be maintained very accurately.
  • a ceramic material for the electrically conductive ceramic layers is selected, whose temperature value ⁇ (T) of the specific electrical resistance descriptive B value is greater than 4000 K.
  • ⁇ 25 is equal to the specific electrical resistance at 25 ° C.
  • R (T 1 ) and R (T 2 ) is the resistance of the ceramic material at two different temperatures T 1 and T 2 .
  • C-type ceramics have the advantage that they have a high sensitivity of the resistor as a function of temperature, which enables the production of very sensitive temperature sensors. Furthermore, ceramic systems with large B values have the advantage of good long-term stability behavior of the electrical resistance. However, ceramics with high B values also have high resistivities.
  • the inventive provision of electrode layers in the main body of the electrical component makes it possible to reduce the electrical resistance of the component. This is achieved by the parallel arrangement of a plurality of high-resistance resistors is realized by the Elektrodentiken.The. Thus, despite the high resistances of the ceramics used, temperature probes with resistance values less than 2 k ⁇ can be produced. Furthermore, an electrical component is advantageous in which the base body has the shape of a cuboid.
  • outer electrodes only two side surfaces of the cuboid are covered by outer electrodes, while the four remaining side surfaces are free of electrically conductive coatings.
  • Such a device has the advantage that the outer electrodes are spatially exactly defined and thereby can not influence the electrical resistance of the device. This is a great advantage over known devices in which the outer electrodes are made by immersion in a conductive paste and thus rest with a cap-like and therefore edge-spreading on several side surfaces of the body, whereby the outer electrodes can greatly reduce the resistance under unfavorable circumstances by in the case of immersion of the body very close to each other.
  • An advantageous form of coating the base body with external electrodes which are not edge-overlapping, and thus achieve the goal of leaving four of the side faces of the parallelepiped-shaped base body free of electrically conductive coatings, is the use of a screen printing method for printing on side faces of the parallelepiped.
  • Such a ceramic has a B value of just over 4000K.
  • a ceramic which contains not only Mn 3 O 4 nor additives of nickel and titanium, wherein the mixing ratio Mn / Ni / Ti corresponds to the ratio 77/20/3.
  • Such a ceramic has a B value of 4170 K.
  • a ceramic which, in addition to Mn 3 O 4, also contains nickel and zinc.
  • the mixing ratio Mn / Ni / Zn is 64/7/29.
  • Such a ceramic has a B value of 4450 K.
  • the ceramic is a spinel-structured, perovskite-structured or corundum-structure mixed crystal which is produced on the basis of Mn 3 O 4 with one or more additives selected from the elements nickel, cobalt, titanium, zirconium or aluminum , Particularly advantageous are the stable compositions, which have a high resistivity between 10 5 and 10 6 ⁇ cm, which can be lowered by means of the electrode layers to a low value.
  • a component based on a high-resistance ceramic with a specific resistance> 10 2 ⁇ cm has the advantage that the ceramic has a high long-term stability with respect to its electrical resistance.
  • a high-resistance ceramic for example, a mixture based on Mn 3 O 4 with a mixing ratio Mn / Ni of 94/6 into consideration.
  • a ceramic has a resistivity of 10 4 ⁇ cm and a B value of 4600 K.
  • Another possibility is a mixture of manganese, nickel and cobalt with a mixing ratio Mn / Ni / Co of 70/20/10.
  • the latter mixture has a resistivity of 100 ⁇ cm and a B value of slightly more than 3600K.
  • each outer electrode is contacted with electrode layers in the form of planar layers lying one above the other.
  • the layers contacted with an outer electrode form a comb-like electrode package with this outer electrode.
  • the two respective electrode packages belonging to an outer electrode are pushed into one another in the component.
  • the design of the device according to the invention with comb-like, nested electrode packets has the advantage that it can be easily realized by stacking individual films or layers.
  • the parallel superimposed layers also have the advantage that the volume available in the component is optimally utilized for reducing the ohmic resistance. This is due to the fact that in the comb-like arrangement particularly large surfaces of the respective electrode layers are opposite. As a result, the cross section of the considered electrical conductor increases and thus its resistance decreases.
  • all electrode materials that are stable at the temperatures necessary for the production of the component are suitable for configuring the electrode layers are.
  • the electrode layers are carried out in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in palladium or platinum or their alloys. These precious metals have the advantage that they are insensitive to electrochemical corrosion. As a result, the electrical component produced with them is insensitive to moisture or moisture penetrating into the component from the outside.
  • the use of said noble metals as material for the electrode layers has the advantage that the noble metals have only a very low tendency to migrate, whereby the migration of the metals into the ceramic and thus an uncontrollable change in the electrical resistance of the ceramic component can be prevented.
  • the outer electrodes may be made of any commercially available ceramic material electrode material. However, it must be ensured that a good electrical connection to the electrode layers is ensured.
  • the outer electrodes are made of a silver or gold stoving paste. This stoving paste can, after the ceramic has been sintered together with the electrode layers, applied to two outer surfaces of the body and baked.
  • the silver stoving paste has the advantage that it has a good electrical conductivity for contacting the component. It also has the advantage that it is easy solderable, so that connection wires can be soldered to the outer electrodes. With the help of such connecting wires, which may be copper wires, for example, obtained after applying a protective coating or other envelope of suitable material, a finished sensor element.
  • the invention provides a method for producing an electrical component according to the invention with a predetermined desired resistance, in which the component is produced starting from a precursor component with a rod-shaped base body.
  • the precursor component is produced in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention by superimposing ceramic green sheets and electrodes and then sintering the resulting layer stack.
  • the precursor component has outer electrodes arranged on longitudinal sides of the rod, the actual resistance measured between the outer electrodes of the precursor component being smaller than the nominal resistance of the electrical component to be produced.
  • the precursor device has the property that the resistance of equal length, outer electrodes having longitudinal portions of the precursor device are substantially equal.
  • the actual resistance of the precursor device is measured, for example by means of an ohmmeter.
  • the length of a longitudinal section to be cut off from the precursor component is calculated from the actual resistance.
  • the longitudinal section of the precursor component in this case represents the electrical component to be produced.
  • the longitudinal section with the previously calculated length is cut off from the precursor component.
  • the inventive method has the advantage that the resistance of the electrical component is set only in a very late process step, at a time when the ceramic is already finished sintered. This may result in slightly different geometries in the production of several similar components; but this is more than offset by the great advantage of a very precisely reproducible setpoint resistance. Furthermore, the inventive method has the advantage that the resistance of the ceramic before the final production of Component is measured. Manufacturing-related variations in resistance can be compensated in this way.
  • the inventive method has the advantage that in conjunction with the resistance of the device reducing electrode layers even very small resistances can be set exactly.
  • the precursor device is made of a plate which is a layer stack of ceramic green sheets and suitably arranged electrode layers.
  • a suitable arrangement of electrode layers is given, for example, by the fact that the plate is composed of a plurality of juxtaposed, imaginary rod-shaped precursor components.
  • a rod is punched out of the plate, which is then sintered. It is also possible to sinter the plate as a whole and separate it into bars by means of suitable separation methods (eg cutting). After sintering the rod, external electrodes are applied to longitudinal sides of the rod. Thereby, a precursor device is produced which is in the o.g. Method can be further processed to an electrical component according to the invention.
  • This method has the advantage that by producing the plate of superimposed ceramic green sheets and electrode layers, the parallel production of a large number of electrical components is made possible.
  • the invention further specifies the use of the electrical component as an NTC resistor whose resistance at 25 ° Celsius is between 50 and 500 ohms.
  • the application of the device as a low-temperature temperature sensor comes into consideration. Due to the high sensitivity of usable in the device according to the invention high-resistance ceramic even applications in the medical field are possible, for example, the use in Fieberthermometern. Especially with clinical thermometers, the temperature sensors used must achieve a very high accuracy of ⁇ 0.1 K when measuring the temperature. Furthermore, in such an application, the high manufacturing accuracy of the resistor is advantageous.
  • the electrical component according to the invention is particularly suitable for NTC resistors with small dimensions, since due to the electrode layers can be dispensed with a large cross-sectional area of the resistor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention as a monolithic multilayer component with a base body 1, the electrically conductive ceramic layers 10 contains.
  • the ceramic is a ceramic whose resistivity is a negative Temperature coefficient has. It is a mixed crystal with spinel structure based on Mn 3 O 4 , which additionally contains a nickel content. The mixing ratio Mn / Ni is 94/6. This ceramic has a high resistance of 10 4 ⁇ cm.
  • electrode layers 3 are arranged, which consist of electrically conductive noble metal layers and which are separated from one another by electrically conductive ceramic layers 10.
  • the thickness of the electrode layers 3 is about 5 microns.
  • the electrode layers 3 are connected to outer electrodes 2, which are applied to the outside of the main body 1.
  • the outer electrodes 2 are made by baking a silver stoving paste. At each outer electrode 2, a copper wire is soldered as a connecting wire 4 respectively.
  • This in FIG. 1 shown component may be additionally wrapped to protect against moisture and other environmental influences with a plastic or paint layer or be provided with a protective sheath (11) made of glass.
  • FIG. 2 shows the device FIG. 1 in perspective view. From this representation, the geometric dimensions of the device according to the invention are apparent.
  • the length 1 and the width b are each 0.5 to 5 mm.
  • the thickness d is 0.3 - 2 mm.
  • Table 1 exam standard test conditions ⁇ R 25 / R 25 (typical) Storage in dry heat DIN IEC 60068-2-2 Storage at upper category temperature T: 155 ° C t: 1000 h ⁇ 1% / Storage at constant humidity DIN IEC 60068-2-3 Air temperature: 40 ° C Relative humidity: 93% Duration: 56 days ⁇ 1% Rapid temperature change DIN IEC 60068-2-14 Lower test temperature: -55 ° C Upper test temperature: 155 ° C Number of cycles: 10 ⁇ 0.5% Long-term stability (expected value) Temperature: + 70 ° C Time: 10 000h ⁇ 2%
  • FIG. 3 shows a precursor component 5 with a rod-shaped base body 6.
  • an outer electrode 2 is applied in each case. With the aid of these external electrodes 2, the electrical resistance of the precursor component 5 can be measured.
  • electrode layers 3 are arranged, which are the electrical resistance reduce the precursor device and which are separated by electrically conductive ceramic layers 10 from each other.
  • the electrical properties of the precursor device 5 are uniform along the rod, that is, each portion of the rod having the same length also has the same electrical resistance. As a result, by simply measuring the length of a rod section, the electrical resistance of the component to be produced can be set exactly.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plate 7, from which can be prepared by punching rods along the punching lines 9 precursor components.
  • the plate 7 has a thickness which corresponds to the length 1 of the component to be manufactured.
  • the other dimensions of the plate 7 are about 105 x 105 mm.
  • the plate consists of superimposed ceramic green sheets 8, between which electrode layers 3 are arranged offset to one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
EP01935992A 2000-04-25 2001-04-25 Elektrisches bauelement, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung Expired - Lifetime EP1277215B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10020224 2000-04-25
DE10020224 2000-04-25
PCT/DE2001/001564 WO2001082314A1 (de) 2000-04-25 2001-04-25 Elektrisches bauelement, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1277215A1 EP1277215A1 (de) 2003-01-22
EP1277215B1 true EP1277215B1 (de) 2009-06-24

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EP01935992A Expired - Lifetime EP1277215B1 (de) 2000-04-25 2001-04-25 Elektrisches bauelement, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US7215236B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1277215B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP2003532284A (ja)
CN (1) CN1426588A (ja)
AT (1) ATE434823T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU6205001A (ja)
DE (2) DE50114953D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2001082314A1 (ja)

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EP2546840A3 (en) * 2005-02-08 2013-01-23 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Surface-mountable negative-characteristic ceramic thermistor based on Mn, Co, Ni and Ti compounds
WO2015181014A1 (de) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Epcos Ag Elektronisches bauelement

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CN103180915A (zh) * 2010-11-03 2013-06-26 埃普科斯股份有限公司 多层陶瓷元件及用于制造多层陶瓷元件的方法
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WO2015181014A1 (de) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Epcos Ag Elektronisches bauelement

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US7215236B2 (en) 2007-05-08
WO2001082314A1 (de) 2001-11-01
DE10120253A1 (de) 2001-11-29
US20040172807A1 (en) 2004-09-09
EP1277215A1 (de) 2003-01-22
US7524337B2 (en) 2009-04-28
JP2003532284A (ja) 2003-10-28
AU6205001A (en) 2001-11-07
ATE434823T1 (de) 2009-07-15
CN1426588A (zh) 2003-06-25
DE50114953D1 (de) 2009-08-06
US20070175019A1 (en) 2007-08-02
JP2012064960A (ja) 2012-03-29

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