EP0959981A1 - Procede pour la separation de melanges de substances au moyen d'un materiau permeable a ces substances - Google Patents

Procede pour la separation de melanges de substances au moyen d'un materiau permeable a ces substances

Info

Publication number
EP0959981A1
EP0959981A1 EP98950049A EP98950049A EP0959981A1 EP 0959981 A1 EP0959981 A1 EP 0959981A1 EP 98950049 A EP98950049 A EP 98950049A EP 98950049 A EP98950049 A EP 98950049A EP 0959981 A1 EP0959981 A1 EP 0959981A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
composite material
metal
permeable
compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98950049A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Penth
Gerhard HÖRPEL
Christian Hying
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH
Original Assignee
Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19811708A external-priority patent/DE19811708B4/de
Application filed by Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH filed Critical Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH
Publication of EP0959981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0959981A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0052—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with filtering elements moving during filtering operation
    • B01D46/0056—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with filtering elements moving during filtering operation with rotational movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/4263—Means for active heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/48—Removing dust other than cleaning filters, e.g. by using collecting trays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • B01D46/70—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by acting counter-currently on the filtering surface, e.g. by flushing on the non-cake side of the filter
    • B01D46/71—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by acting counter-currently on the filtering surface, e.g. by flushing on the non-cake side of the filter with pressurised gas, e.g. pulsed air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8671—Removing components of defined structure not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8668
    • B01D53/8675—Ozone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/88—Handling or mounting catalysts
    • B01D53/885—Devices in general for catalytic purification of waste gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0048—Inorganic membrane manufacture by sol-gel transition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0069—Inorganic membrane manufacture by deposition from the liquid phase, e.g. electrochemical deposition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0072—Inorganic membrane manufacture by deposition from the gaseous phase, e.g. sputtering, CVD, PVD
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
    • B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
    • B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024—Oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
    • B01D71/0281—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • B01J37/0225—Coating of metal substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/031—Precipitation
    • B01J37/033—Using Hydrolysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2265/00—Casings, housings or mounting for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2265/06—Details of supporting structures for filtering material, e.g. cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
    • B01D2323/081—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
    • B01D2325/0283—Pore size
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/10—Residue burned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
    • Y10T428/249956—Void-containing component is inorganic
    • Y10T428/249957—Inorganic impregnant

Definitions

  • Membranes have long been used to separate mixtures of substances. Synthetic membranes are divided into organic and inorganic membranes
  • membranes made of plastics or inorganic components such as oxides
  • electrolysis or filtration there is always the problem that the membranes clog after a relatively short period of use and the material penetrates the membrane is significantly reduced
  • the membranes must be replaced and either laboriously cleaned or disposed of
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for separating substance mixtures by means of a substance-permeable material which improves the substance separation and makes it more economical in that the material passage through the material is improved
  • the present invention therefore relates to a method for separating mixtures of substances by means of a permeable material, characterized in that an electrical voltage is applied to the material at least briefly
  • the process according to the invention has the advantage that it can be heated by applying a voltage to the material.
  • the material separation is accelerated considerably by the higher temperature in the membrane.
  • the heating of the material can also achieve that the materials have been thermally destroyed in or on the material during the material separation process. This can occur both during the material separation and in a cleaning cycle
  • the method according to the invention also has the advantage that, by applying a voltage to a permeable material, substances can be removed from and from the material used as the membrane by creating gas bubbles on and in the membrane which release the membrane from blocking
  • the inventive method has the additional advantage that by applying a voltage to the material this is electrically charged. Charged particles that are present in the mixture to be separated and have the same charge as the material are kept away from the material, whereby it, in Depending on the pore size of the material used as the membrane, it is also possible to retain salts during material separation
  • an electrical voltage is applied to this material at least for a short time
  • a permeable composite material can be used as the permeable material
  • Permeable composite materials or carriers are understood to mean materials that are permeable to substances with a particle size of 0.5 nm to 500 ⁇ m, depending on the embodiment of the composite material or carrier.
  • the substances can be gaseous, liquid or solid or in a mixed form of these aggregate states
  • This permeable composite material preferably has at least one perforated and permeable carrier as a base.
  • the carrier On at least one surface of the carrier and inside the carrier, the carrier has at least one inorganic component which essentially contains at least one compound made of a metal, a semimetal or a mixed metal at least one element from the 3 to 7 main group having
  • the permeable composite material can be applied to an openwork and permeable carrier by applying a suspension having at least one, a compound of at least one metal, a semimetal or a mixed metal with at least one element of the 3 to 7 main group, and a sol, and by subsequent, at least once heating, in which the suspension having at least one inorganic component is solidified on or in or on and in the carrier
  • the composite material can be permeable to gases, solids or liquids, in particular to particles with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 ⁇ m
  • carriers can be used which have spaces with a size of 0.02 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably from 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the carriers used are at least partially electrically conductive
  • the spaces can be pores, meshes, holes, crystal lattice spaces or cavities.
  • the carrier can be at least one material selected from carbon, metals, alloys, glass, ceramics, minerals, plastics, amorphous substances, natural products, composite materials or from at least a combination of these materials,
  • the carrier which may have the aforementioned materials, may have been modified by a chemical, thermal or mechanical treatment method or a combination of the treatment methods.
  • the composite material preferably has a carrier that has at least one metal, a natural fiber or a plastic that after at least one mechanical deformation technique or treatment method, such as pulling, upsetting, milling, rolling, stretching or forging.
  • the composite material particularly preferably has at least one support which at least interweaves, glues, mattes or ke ramisch bound fibers, or at least sintered or glued molded bodies, spheres or particles, in a further preferred embodiment, a perforated carrier can be used.
  • Permeable carriers can also be those that are treated by laser treatment or Ion beam treatment become permeable or have been made
  • the carrier fibers from at least one material selected from carbon, metals, alloys, ceramics, glass, minerals, plastics, amorphous substances, composites and natural products or fibers from at least a combination of these materials, such as asbestos, Glass fibers, rock wool fibers, carbon fibers, metal wires, steel wires, polyamide fibers, coconut fibers, coated fibers, preferably supports are used which at least have woven fibers made of metal or alloys. Wires made of metal can also serve as wires.
  • the composite material particularly preferably has a support, which has at least one fabric made of steel or stainless steel, such as fabric made of steel wires, steel fibers, stainless steel wires or stainless steel fibers by weaving, which preferably has a mesh size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably mesh sizes of 50 to 500 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably mesh sizes of 70 to 120 ⁇ m
  • the carrier of the composite material can also have at least one expanded metal with a pore size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier can also have at least one granular, sintered metal, a sintered glass or a metal fleece with a pore size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably from 3 to 60 ⁇ m
  • the composite material preferably has a carrier which contains at least aluminum, silicon, cobalt, manganese, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, indium, lead, bismuth, silver, gold, nickel, copper, iron, titanium, platinum, stainless steel, steel, brass, an alloy of these materials or a material coated with Au, Ag, Pb, Ti, Ni, Cr, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru and / or Ti
  • the inorganic component present in the composite material can have at least one compound of at least one metal, semimetal or mixed metal with at least one element from the 3 to 7 main group of the periodic table or at least a mixture of these compounds.
  • the compounds of the metals, semimetals or mixed metals can have at least elements of the subgroup elements and the 3 to 5 main group or at least elements of the subgroup elements or the 3 to 5 main group These compounds have a grain size of 0.001 to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic component preferably has at least one compound of an element from the 3 to 8 subgroup or at least one element from the 3 to 5 main group with at least one of the elements Te, Se, S, O, Sb, As, P, N, Ge, Si, C, Ga, Al or B or at least one compound of an element from the 3 to 8 subgroup and at least one element from the 3 to 5 main group with at least one of the elements Te, Se, S, 0, Sb, As, P, N, Ge, Si, C, Ga, Al or B or a mixture of these compounds.
  • the inorganic component particularly preferably has at least one compound of at least one of the elements Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, B, AI, Ga, In, TI, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb or Bi with at least one of the elements Te, Se, S, O, Sb, As, P, N, C, Si, Ge or Ga, such as Ti0 2 , A1 2 0 3 , Si0 2 , Zr0 2 , Y 2 0 3 , BC, SiC, Fe 3 0 4 , SiN, SiP, nitrides , Sulfates, phosphides, silicides, spinel e or yttrium aluminum garnet, or one of these elements itself
  • the inorganic component can also be aluminosilicates, aluminum phosphates, zeolites or partially exchanged zeolites, such as ZSM-5, Na-ZSM-5 or Fe-ZSM
  • At least one inorganic component is preferably present in a grain size fraction with a grain size of 1 to 250 nm or with a grain size of 260 to 10,000 nm
  • the composite material has at least two grain size fractions of at least one inorganic component.
  • the grain size ratio of the grain size fractions in the composite material is from 1 1 to 1 10000, preferably from 1 1 to 1 100.
  • the quantitative ratio of the grain size fractions in the composite material can preferably be from 0.01 1 to 1 to 0.01
  • the permeability of the composite material according to the invention can be limited by the grain size of the inorganic component used to particles with a certain maximum size
  • the suspension having at least one inorganic component, with which the composite material can be obtained, can have at least one liquid selected from water, alcohol and acid or a combination of these liquids
  • the composite material can have at least one catalytically active component.
  • the catalytically active component can be identical to the inorganic component. This applies in particular if the inorganic component has catalytically active centers on the surface.
  • the composite material preferably has at least one inorganic material, at least as the catalytically active component a metal or at least one organometallic compound, on the surface of which there are catalytically active centers.
  • the composite material particularly preferably has a zeolite as the catalytic component, such as, for example, ZSM-5, Fe-ZSM-5, silicalite or an amorphous microporous mixed oxide such as, for B are described in DE 195 45 042 and / or DE 195 06 843, such as, for example, vanadium oxide-silicon oxide glass or aluminum oxide-silicon oxide-methyl silicon sesquioxide glasses
  • the composite material can also have at least one oxide of at least one of the elements Mo, Sn, Zn, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, As, Sb, Pb, Bi, Ru, Re, Cr, W, Nb, Hf, La, Ce, Gd, Ga, In, TI, Ag, Cu, Li, K, Na, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba
  • the catalytically active, permeable composite material according to the invention has at least titanium suboxide as the catalytically active component
  • the composite material as a catalytically active component has at least one metal compound selected from the compounds of the metals Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Au, Ag, Os, Re, Cu, Ni, Pd and Co, or at least one Metal selected from the metals Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Au, Ag, Os, Re, Cu, Ni, Pd and Co, or at least one Metal selected from the metals Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Au, Ag, Os, Re, Cu, Ni, Pd and Co
  • the composite material can be made bendable without destroying the inorganic component solidified inside the carrier and on the carrier.
  • the composite material is preferably one smallest radius of up to 1 mm bendable
  • the at least short-term application of an electrical voltage according to the invention is preferably carried out by applying the voltage to the support of the material.
  • the applied voltage can be direct or alternating voltage or a direct voltage which is superimposed on an alternating voltage.
  • the voltage can be applied not only briefly but also via a longer period or during the entire duration of the material separation process
  • the voltage can be applied in such a way that only one pole of a current source is connected to the material or the carrier present in it, or in such a way that both poles of a current source are connected to the material or in it existing carrier is connected.
  • the voltage can be applied periodically, discontinuously or continuously
  • the material can be used as a membrane.
  • This membrane can be used in material separation processes based on the principle of electrolysis or electrodialysis, as well as in material separation processes based on the principle of gas filtration, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration or gas vaporation
  • the material or membrane is negatively or positively charged. This can be done, for example, by switching the material or membrane as a cathode or anode
  • the inorganic component in the material can be converted into an electrically conductive component by switching the material as an anode or cathode, so that the material, or if the material is used as a membrane, the membrane is rendered electrically conductive Materials or membranes used those which have at least titanium oxide as an inorganic component in the material
  • the material can be cleaned of impurities that have accumulated on and in the material during the material separation process. It can also be avoided in certain processes that substances are on or in the material or the membrane if the substances have the same charge as the material or the membrane.
  • the material or the membrane can be cleaned during the material separation process or in a cleaning cycle. The cleaning can remove deposits or blockages from the material or the membrane Removal and / or the avoidance of deposits or impurities has the effect that the passage of material and / or the activity of the material or the membrane is retained over a longer period of time. The service life of such permeable materials can thereby be considerably extended
  • Cleaning can take place, for example, in that the material assumes a positive or negative charge and impurities which have the same charge are repelled by the material
  • the material may be advantageous to use as a membrane electrode.
  • This enables the material to be removed from impurities that have been deposited on and in or on or in the material during the material separation process, by gas bubbles which are generated by briefly applying an electrical voltage to the material through decomposition Substance formed on and / or in the material, cleaned For this purpose, the material is switched as a cathode in aqueous systems and when a voltage is applied to the material, gas bubbles are formed in and / or on the material, which predominantly contain hydrogen and / or in the material connected as the anode gas bubbles which predominantly contain oxygen
  • gas bubbles are formed from, for example, carbon dioxide or nitrogen on the material connected as electrodes.
  • This particular embodiment of the method according to the invention described above can be used with all media to be filtered which are electrically conductive or which can be broken down into gaseous components by means of electrolysis.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used if at least one component is present in the filtrate which is can be converted into gaseous components by means of electrolysis
  • the material is heated by applying an electrical voltage. This heating can take place during the material separation process.
  • the material when the material is used as a membrane, the mobility of the particles that are to pass through the membrane is increased of the membrane is increased By an electrically heated material used in this way, the separation performance or the amount of passage can be increased considerably
  • the heating of the material can also take place at regular intervals inside or outside the material separation process. Because the material can withstand high temperatures, depending on its composition, the material that is used as a membrane can be contaminated in this way but deposited on or in the material during the material separation process can be cleaned. Organic or inorganic compounds that block the material used as a membrane can be thermally destroyed or removed by sublimation or liquefaction
  • the method according to the invention can be used for electromicrofiltration, electro-ultrafiltration or electron anofiltration
  • the method according to the invention can also be used for hydrogen-generating operation with simultaneous catalytic reduction or for oxygen-generating operation with simultaneous catalytic oxidation.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for separating substances with different isoelectric points
  • a suspension of 30g titanium tetraisopropylate was hydrolyzed with 60g water and then peptized with 45g sulfuric acid (20%). Then 90g aluminum oxide (A16SG, Alcoa) was added and the mixture was stirred until the agglomerates were completely dissolved 50 ⁇ m applied and dried and solidified at 450 ° C within 2 seconds
  • the composite material thus produced was used as an electrode membrane in an electrolysis When applying an electrical voltage of approx. 2.5 volts to the electrode membrane in a solution of a noble metal, the noble metal was electrolytically deposited in the pores of the composite material.This is only possible through the use of titanium dioxide as an inorganic component in the composite material Formation of titanium suboxide at a voltage of more than 2 volts, which becomes electrically conductive. Graphite electrodes were used as the counter electrode. This means that almost all known noble metal catalysts and noble metal catalyst systems (such as Pt / Rh, Pt / Pd or Pt / Ir ) deposit
  • a suspension of 30 g of titanium tetraisopropylate was hydrolyzed with 60 g of water and then peptized with 45 g of nitric acid (25%).
  • 30 g of titanium dioxide (P25, Degussa) were then added and the mixture was stirred until the agglomerates had completely dissolved.
  • This suspension was applied to a titanium wire mesh with an average mesh size of 80 ⁇ m applied and dried and solidified at 450 ° C within 2 seconds If the composite material produced in this way is connected as a cathode with a graphite anode in a solution of 1% ammonium nitrate in water, the voltage is 2.1 volts within 10 hours the nitrate is almost completely broken down with a current yield of 20%
  • the method according to the invention is therefore well suited for the reduction of nitrate compounds, in particular for nitrate degradation in aqueous systems
  • a suspension of 30 g of titanium tetraisopropylate was hydrolyzed with 60 g of water and then peptized with 45 g of nitric acid (25% strength). Then 70 g of 280 g of alumina CT3000SG were added and stirred until the agglomerates had completely dissolved. This suspension was applied to a titanium wire mesh with a medium Mesh size of 80 ⁇ m applied and dried and solidified at 450 ° C within 5 seconds If the composite material produced in this way is used as a cathode connected with a graphite anode in a flat module, a 10% latex dispersion can be obtained by applying a voltage of 2.5 V. Clear particle size 260 nm in crossflow technique without that latex deposits can be observed on the membrane surface.
  • the membrane is covered with a latex layer after 1 h of filtration.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la séparation de mélanges de substances au moyen d'un matériau perméable à ces substances. L'utilisation de ce matériau pour la séparation des substances par brève application d'une tension sur le matériau permet d'accroître notablement l'efficacité de procédés de séparation de substances, comme par exemple la microfiltration ou l'ultrafiltration. D'une part, le matériau faisant office de membrane peut être purifié de différentes manières par application d'une tension, le pouvoir séparateur s'en trouvant accru avec un nettoyage régulier de la membrane, et d'autre part le matériau utilisé comme membrane peut être chauffé par application d'une tension, ce qui permet d'augmenter le transport de matière à travers la membrane. Ce procédé peut s'utiliser pour la séparation de substances dans divers mélanges de gaz, mélanges de liquides ou solutions.
EP98950049A 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Procede pour la separation de melanges de substances au moyen d'un materiau permeable a ces substances Withdrawn EP0959981A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997141498 DE19741498B4 (de) 1997-09-20 1997-09-20 Herstellung eines Keramik-Edelstahlgewebe-Verbundes
DE19741498 1997-09-20
DE19811708A DE19811708B4 (de) 1997-09-20 1998-03-18 Herstellung von keramischen Membranen
DE19811708 1998-03-18
DE19812035A DE19812035B4 (de) 1997-09-20 1998-03-19 Herstellung von katalytisch aktiven, keramischen Membranen
DE19812035 1998-03-19
DE19820580A DE19820580B4 (de) 1997-09-20 1998-05-08 Regenerierbarer Diesel-Abgasfilter
DE19820580 1998-05-08
DE19824666 1998-06-03
DE19824666A DE19824666B4 (de) 1997-09-20 1998-06-03 Herstellung und Verwendung eines Keramik-Metallträger-Verbundes
PCT/EP1998/005937 WO1999015260A1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Procede pour la separation de melanges de substances au moyen d'un materiau permeable a ces substances

Publications (1)

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EP0959981A1 true EP0959981A1 (fr) 1999-12-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98950049A Withdrawn EP0959981A1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Procede pour la separation de melanges de substances au moyen d'un materiau permeable a ces substances
EP98951432A Withdrawn EP0939669A1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Filtre a gaz, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation
EP19980952595 Expired - Lifetime EP0946270B1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Materiau composite permeable, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation
EP98948988A Expired - Lifetime EP0951355B1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite permeable a la matiere et a action catalytique

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98951432A Withdrawn EP0939669A1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Filtre a gaz, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation
EP19980952595 Expired - Lifetime EP0946270B1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Materiau composite permeable, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation
EP98948988A Expired - Lifetime EP0951355B1 (fr) 1997-09-20 1998-09-18 Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite permeable a la matiere et a action catalytique

Country Status (8)

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US (6) US6299778B1 (fr)
EP (4) EP0959981A1 (fr)
AT (2) ATE284756T1 (fr)
CA (4) CA2272310C (fr)
DE (3) DE19741498B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2232963T3 (fr)
NO (4) NO992434L (fr)
WO (4) WO1999015260A1 (fr)

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EP0946270A1 (fr) 1999-10-06
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US6340379B1 (en) 2002-01-22
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DE59812384D1 (de) 2005-01-20
US20020023874A1 (en) 2002-02-28
US6309545B1 (en) 2001-10-30
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NO992434D0 (no) 1999-05-20
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CA2272312A1 (fr) 1999-04-01
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US20020023419A1 (en) 2002-02-28
US6299778B1 (en) 2001-10-09
ATE297247T1 (de) 2005-06-15
US6841075B2 (en) 2005-01-11
ES2232963T3 (es) 2005-06-01
DE19741498A1 (de) 1999-03-25
NO992435L (no) 1999-07-12
NO992433L (no) 1999-07-12
ATE284756T1 (de) 2005-01-15
EP0951355A1 (fr) 1999-10-27
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