EP0615789B1 - Verfahren zum Sortieren von Partikeln eines Schüttgutes und Vorrichtung hierfür - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Sortieren von Partikeln eines Schüttgutes und Vorrichtung hierfür Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0615789B1 EP0615789B1 EP94105932A EP94105932A EP0615789B1 EP 0615789 B1 EP0615789 B1 EP 0615789B1 EP 94105932 A EP94105932 A EP 94105932A EP 94105932 A EP94105932 A EP 94105932A EP 0615789 B1 EP0615789 B1 EP 0615789B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- particles
- gap
- signal
- sensor
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
- B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a system with the preamble features of claim 5.
- Sorting devices where the color and / or the size of the individual particles bulk goods for sorting purposes are known (see e.g. the GB-A-1 393 061, EP-A-0 056 513 or EP-A-0 111 877).
- JP-A-02-019 747 proposes use a color camera when peeling rice and the peeling result using the Evaluate the color of the rice grains and then regulate the gap in a rice peeler.
- the object of the invention is based on developing a method of the type mentioned at the outset such that a realistic statement can be obtained even if there is a striking mismatch exist between the thickness and the width of the finished particles can. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claims 1 and 5 solved.
- the device shown in FIG. 1 has a read-ahead device on, over which a partial flow of the bulk material, the contains particles to be sorted out, is separated from which Partial stream subsequently removed the particles to be sorted out become.
- the pre-reading device has a video camera 1 which above a bulk material flow moving on a base 2 is arranged. At the end of the base 2 there is a deflection device 3, which can direct the current in two lanes. The particles recognized as "good” arrive in a larger one Stream 4 in a guide 5, whereas a partial stream of the branched off on the base 2 moving bulk material and in reaches a funnel 6.
- the video camera has a target 20, preferably at least in the form a diode row, to which a corresponding one Switch row 21 for querying the individual diodes or pixels and a shift register 22 controlling them is connected.
- a target 20 preferably at least in the form a diode row, to which a corresponding one Switch row 21 for querying the individual diodes or pixels and a shift register 22 controlling them is connected.
- bucket chain circuits Bucket-Brigade Devices
- Jadungskoppler Charge Coupled Devices
- a clock generator 26, a counter 27 and a start or Reset pulse generator 28 for controlling the shift register 22 So that the circuit can recognize which pixel or which row 20 diode has just been activated receives a Counter 29 both the clock pulses of the generator 26 and the Reset pulses of generator 28, with an evaluation stage 30 may be provided.
- the video signal from level 25 and that Localization signal from stage 29 or 30 are a comparison or coincidence level 31, which occurs when it occurs an error signal (brightness or color of a particle corresponds not the TARGET area) determines at which pixel this error occurs, i.e. at which point the dash-dotted line Scanned area 17 of the video camera 1 indicated in FIG. 1 the faulty particle was observed.
- Via an evaluation circuit 32 becomes a row of switches shown only as a block 33 controlled via which the respective position actuator 34 corresponding to the defective particle (only one is shown) can be controlled.
- the deflection device 3 has a number of Flaps 35 and 35 'arranged on an inlet funnel 36 Shafts 37. Each flap 35 and 35 'can have two positions to take. In one position 35 the bulk material passed over the inlet funnel 6 and thus falls as Current 4 in the guide 5. In contrast, in the other position 35 'of the inlet funnel 36 opened so that the width of the Flap or the shaft 37 corresponding partial flow of the bulk material passed into the funnel 6 via the respective shaft 37 becomes.
- the output signal in a comparison and control circuit 29 compared with a target value and if necessary the brightness of the lamp 15 is readjusted in such a way that it corresponds to the desired target value.
- an air-permeable conveyor belt 38 from screen fabric, in particular from polymer bristles, over two Deflection rollers 39, 40 guided, of which a role in not shown Way is driven.
- the deflection rollers 39, 40 are preferably formed by two truncated cones, the smaller ones Base areas are interconnected. This gives it Band 38 approximately a V shape, so that the falling particles certainly at a certain point, namely in the Center of the conveyor belt 38, remain.
- Another video camera 101 is located above the conveyor belt 38 arranged, which in principle can be similar to video camera 1. However, it is preferably provided with an image analysis computer 41 connected, the output of this computer with an actuator circuit 42 is connected. In the present case, the Actuator circuit 42 two control outputs 43, 44, each to one of two air nozzles 45, 46 and there the (not shown) Control the supply of air.
- the two air nozzles 45, 46 are connected in series, so that they can optionally be used to to blow out certain particles from the path of the conveyor belt 38. Accordingly, the two air nozzles 45, 46 orientations oriented in different directions, and it each of these air nozzles 45, 46 is a separate storage container 47 or 48 assigned, the air nozzle 45 in the dot-dash line shown hurls the particles into the reservoir 47, the air nozzle 46 into the reservoir 48.
- air nozzles 145, 145 'and 146, 146' are in the area a deflection roller 140 arranged.
- the band 138 is flat guided.
- the deflection roller 140 is divided and points to a common one Wave 49 on another pollen part 140 '.
- FIG. 3 there is a drum-shaped deflection roller 240 provided for the band 238, which drum-shaped Deflection roller 240 air is supplied via a hollow shaft 249.
- Air nozzles 245 are arranged within the deflection roller 240 rotate with the drum-shaped deflection roller 240 and its outlet openings provided on the surface of the drum circumference are.
- a valve circuit for each of the individual air nozzles provide that causes air to blow out only takes place at those air nozzles that can be seen from FIG. 2 Have reached positions.
- Such a valve circuit is not shown, however, it is clear to the person skilled in the art that the corresponding Sliding contacts for the power supply of solenoid valves are to be provided.
- Fig. 4 shows a band 238, with several arranged side by side Wells 50, each for receiving a bulk particle, like a grain of rice. Through these recesses 50 ensures that several, side by side in particles in a row have an orderly, predetermined position take in.
- Volume 238 assumes that it is the particles transported from top to bottom (based on Fig. 4), being through the field of view 17 of a video camera (not shown here) be passed through. Because the bulk particles, at least in the case of natural products, usually one mixed with shades of gray Have color, it is advantageous if the band 238 is held in a full color or in a contrasting Color, such as blue.
- At least one lighting device 115 is expedient, e.g. in the form of a fluorescent tube, provided, and especially even two of them, as shown in FIG. 6, do daylight can also have a disruptive influence, such as fluctuations in voltage or current in the Power supply. In order to eliminate these influencing factors already numerous suggestions for the regulation of the background brightness been made. Here, however, a different path is taken.
- video cameras usually work with an additive mix of colors, in in which case the colors mentioned are used. This mixing method is also for the purposes of the present invention the preferred.
- compact video cameras are also known using color stripe filters, in in which case a subtractive color mixture is used, where the colors red, blue and yellow or magenta, Cyan and yellow are used for what purposes Although also possible, it is not preferred.
- the belt 238 runs naturally with precisely known, and preferably regulated, Speed.
- the accuracy of the nozzle control is however still improved if the belt 238 at predetermined intervals, appropriately assigned to the depressions 50, clock markings 52 owns. These clock marks are here on both sides of the Volume 238, but it will generally suffice if such markings are only provided on one of the band edges. The markings could possibly be at a different location, such as in the middle of the band, but the assignment is of the signals derived from them easier when the Markings 52 are on the edge.
- clock marks 52 it is also possible another observation camera or (better) one Observation mirror - seen in the direction of movement of the belt 238 - behind the exhaust nozzles 145, 146 (or any other sorting device) to check if an as poorly recognized particle, e.g. because of speed errors, was not sorted out, and accordingly a correction to make the speed of the belt 238.
- the arrangement of an additional camera means an additional one Effort, whereas the reflection (which is also only can take place over part of the image field) if necessary leads to monitoring during the duration of the reflection in areas 17 is interrupted, for security reasons to sort out all uncontrolled during this time Particles may move.
- the exhaust nozzles 145, 146 multiple nozzles are, i.e. one arranged transversely to the longitudinal extent of the band Correspond to the row of nozzles, because each of them holds a particle Well 50 a separate and separately controllable single nozzle must be assigned if you do not want to accept that besides a bad particle there are also the ones next to it good particles are separated out.
- the band 238 can be made of an air-permeable Base fabric 53 with a coating 54 applied thereon exist, the latter in the mentioned tone of a full color, like blue (rare in natural products).
- This coating 54 as can be seen, is recessed in the area of the depressions 50, so that only the bare tissue 53 at these points forms the respective particle-bearing surface.
- FIG. 6 there is a first band 338 with a Video camera 201 provided the corresponding lighting devices 115 are assigned, and a corresponding number blow-out nozzles 45, 46 (only two are shown, if desired but may only be sufficient) downstream are. Through these blow-out nozzles 45, 46 are the - at Viewing the particles from one side only - as undesirable detected particles excreted while the rest of the particles is continued from volume 338.
- the particles reach the area of a turning station 55, in which a second band 438 is passed closely over band 238, so that after deflecting both belts by a number of deflection rollers 56 at the end of this turning station the situation is reversed, i.e. the second band 438 is no longer above band 338, but below.
- Due to the close management of both adjacent Belts 338, 438 are the bulk particles in unchanged mutual assignment from one volume to the other and thereby turned by 180 °, so that your previously not visible been viewed from a similar video camera 301 can also be the blow nozzles (not shown here) controls, for example arranged on the roller 240 (see FIG. 3) could be.
- Such a conventional one Solid state or tube camera for the delivery of color signals generally has six outputs, namely one Output 57 for the horizontal deflection signal (this expression should also include the corresponding signal from a solid-state camera), an output 58 for the vertical deflection signal, an output 59 for the red signal, an output 60 for the blue signal, and an output 61 for the green signal. In addition there is one Output 62 for the Y signal (brightness).
- the reference pattern 51 and the timing marks 52 are arranged at predetermined locations are and therefore during a distraction period on a very specific one Place these references within the video signal 51. 52 corresponding signal sections will appear. If therefore the lines 57, 58 are supplied to a changeover stage 67 can be determined on the basis of these deflection signals, whether the incoming signal from such a reference point 51 or 52 originates or from another place. Accordingly split the signals from the switching stage, and that is reference signal originating from the reference pattern 51 into a reference memory stage 68 delivered, the originating from the band surface Signal, with the exception of the clock mark signals, to a stage 69, whereas the clock mark signals to an output line 70 reach.
- stages 68, 69 are the inputs of a comparison stage 71 connected, any by difference irregularities or changes in the brightness of the Background compensates, so that a readjustment of the lighting is no longer required. It is advantageous if one further difference formation is made based on the learning ability the circuit is based.
- This switching stage has in the present exemplary embodiment (but not necessarily) a switchable control input 73 so that their Switching over a selector switch S1 from a timer 74 can be controlled after a reference sample has passed the switchover device automatically at the appropriate time switches to normal operation, or the switchover can, depending on the position of the selector switch S1, also manually using a hand switch S2 can be made by opening or closing it the changeover of stage 72 is effected.
- a manual transmission is particularly advantageous if there is time for the, preferably adjustable, timer 74 from the outset cannot be determined exactly (e.g. a sample of particles is sent a few days in advance to sort accordingly later to be able to).
- At least one memory 75 is connected, which is preferably is designed as a non-volatile memory (e.g. floppy disk).
- a non-volatile memory e.g. floppy disk.
- the switching stage 72 - controlled by the timer 74 or switch S2 - switches to normal operation, so it delivers the signals obtained to a parallel to the memory 75 Buffer level 76 or immediately at the.
- a catch a comparison and control stage 77 the other input with the outputs of the reference signal memory 75 is connected. Thereby can constantly make a comparison between the reference signal and the actual signal from the checked particles.
- the comparison stage 77 is expediently a predetermined and appropriately adjustable threshold so that they provides no output signal in the event that quality of the checked particles within a certain tolerance range lies. However, it will depend on the type of deviation provide a signal to a switch 78 if this signal of a deviation outside the tolerance range lies.
- this switching stage 78 which is via an actuating line is switchable from one state to another, it will you use the signal supplied via an output 80 to generate a of two control stages 81 or 82, each with a corresponding one Valve as actuator for the actuation of the nozzle 45 or 46 to control.
- the clock signal line is used to synchronize this actuation 70 connected to the comparison and control stage 77.
- line 80 is the switching stage 78 does not control directly, but that with the management 80 also a form processor Fp is linked.
- This shape processor Fp receives the output signal of the difference generator 77, appropriately via an inverter stage Iv. If, as described above, the vectorial difference generator 77 does not have any in the case of good particles Output signal delivers and only one for bad particles emits, the shape processor Fp via the inverter Iv only in the case of particles of good color what its operation (compared to a possible one Parallel operation of difference generator and form processor) simplified.
- FIG. 7A shows a three-dimensional axis system with a brightness axis I, a saturation axis H and a hue axis S.
- a brightness axis I a saturation axis H
- a hue axis S a hue axis S.
- the background could also be calculated using the deflection signals, because the openings 50 lying next to one another will probably always pass successively at the same location, and the presence of a number of particles can also be determined using the clock signals 52, but this is due to excessive imprecisions connected, especially since it can also happen that an opening 50 is not occupied at all (and then probably emits a background color).
- the reference signal for red R ref the reference signal for blue
- the reference signal for green G ref can also be located within the axis system IHS, which practically reproduces the three-dimensional order within the memory 75 B ref and store the reference signal for green G ref .
- These reference signals can then be checked, expediently at least at the start of operation, but possibly also at periodic intervals, by calling up the output signal of the memory 68, in which the respective color signal taken from the standard color pattern 51 is present, and using the stored value R ref , B ref and Gref is compared.
- FIG. 7B shows the structure of the memory 75 in a preferred one Embodiment as a three-dimensional histogram processor.
- converter stage 63 digital processing
- the IHS signal reaches an addressable memory 75 ', which in the learning step of a read-increment-write stage RIW is operated until a first version of the color reference values P 'and 38 "(Fig. 7A) is stored.
- this first version of the determined values for P 'and 38 "could already be used for sorting out particles.
- statistical errors result in color tones that - for example due to local discoloration - do not actually form the reference value bundle P' or 38 "belong. These hues will then have occurred only sporadically over the area under consideration and therefore only make up a small part of the statistically collected color values.
- the threshold value can expediently be set by means of an adjusting resistor R1
- all the underrepresented color tones become from the Statistics are eliminated and a cleaned version of the value bundles P 'and 38 "is obtained, which is then re-entered into the memory 75' from the output of the threshold switch S th .
- the switch S3 can then be opened and the cleaned values sent to the vectorial difference generator 77 be rocked out.
- supplied goods to be sorted out arrive, for example via an inlet shaft 83, which is expediently a metering element, e.g. in the form of a flap that changes the shaft cross-section 84, to a distribution device 85.
- a metering element e.g. in the form of a flap that changes the shaft cross-section 84
- the arrangement can be taken in a similar way as in the 10 to 13 of US Patent 4,905,917 using the device 30 and a downstream feed roller 8 is shown, wherein in In the present Fig. 8A, the feed roller 86 to the distribution rotor 85 is immediately connected.
- a vibration conveyor 87 In order to avoid accumulation of particles, it is advisable to Preparation of the separation of a vibration conveyor 87 with a Vibration drive 88 is provided, it being advantageous if the vibration conveyor 87 in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor, useful has feed channels 87.1 running parallel to one another, the already individual rows of successive particles separate from one another by channels 87.1 each Have a width that corresponds to a particle width. To this The particles are not just across the width of the vibrating plate 87 distributed, but also arranged one behind the other, so that then only the process of arranging the individual Particles in a precisely prescribed relative to each other Location is to be carried out.
- Band 538 designed as a toothed belt in the manner shown is.
- an angular position encoder could also be used with one of the rollers 339, 340 and 40, 139 revolve around the delivery of clock signals (cf. line 70 in FIG. 7). It would be the same possible to use a rotation speed detector with appropriately digitized Speed signals to form the clock signals to use.
- the acceleration device 89 prevents following the conveyor 87, an uneven distribution again the particle P results with individual particle accumulations. Rather, the particles P are expedient at such a speed brought that over the surface of the conveyor belt 538 roll until they are in a recess 250 (Fig. 9B) or 50 (FIG. 5) or in one through the screen mesh 38 or 138 formed unevenness of the surface (Fig. 1 to 3) remain. If necessary, 538 can be above the conveyor belts Scraper or a brush may be provided, which at most the indented surface of this band 538 Sweep remaining particles into a respective well.
- any particles not trapped in recesses in the belt pass into an overflow trough arranged on the side of the belt 538 90, from where it by a conveyor, not shown if necessary, be returned to the shaft 83. Subsequently the particles P reach the one shown in FIGS. 1, 2 or 4 Way in a predetermined position relative to one another Monitoring device, which expediently the one already described Camera 201 with lighting device 115, if necessary but also from individual non-electrical converters could be formed.
- This facility is preferably located 8A in a light-tight housing 91 to the Switch off the influence of extraneous light.
- Sorting devices 45, 46 or at least one of them includes. It should be mentioned here that in principle it is not essential would be necessary to provide blow nozzles, because if necessary also a bad particle destroying radiation like Laser beams are sent through the openings of the tape could, but this is not preferred. In the case of Fig. 8A is only a single nozzle 45 or 46 (see FIG.
- the drive of the belt 538 in principle in is constructed in the same way as previously with reference to the other conveyor belts and the rollers 39 and 40 described has been. However, it is useful if the gang is under the load of a load device, not shown Tensioner roller 194 is assigned, the band 538 always in tension Location holds.
- such a grooved plate 87 is numerous Modifications can be made, for example by the Vibration drive is omitted or by the grooves instead slightly diverging parallel to each other in the conveying direction are. This can also have a further separation effect can be achieved that the plate 87 from individual, transverse to the direction of the gutters 87.1, different strips of material Friction are formed that are either uniformly wide are or have an increasing width in the conveying direction.
- the acceleration can also be carried out in various ways are, for example also by at least one of the groove plate 87 accelerating drum penetrating a partial area or a at the beginning of the plate 87, the particles are tangential centrifugal disc accelerating onto plate 87, etc.
- FIG. 9A represents a variant of FIG. 8A 8A parts already described are therefore no longer in the Explained in detail.
- the main difference is that instead of the acceleration device 89 shown in FIG. 8B an acceleration device 189 is provided, the one Brush roller 94 has.
- This brush roller returns to the Particles 87.1 approaching particles at about the same speed like that of volume 538.
- the belt 538 can be arranged below the brush roller 94, so that the particles from the vibration conveyor 87 immediately be swept onto tape 538. But to a certain extent To secure the acceleration path, the brush roller 94 of a surrounding area 95 partially enclosed, which Surface 95 which leads the granules to the belt 538.
- the roller 139 is suitably similar formed, as this with reference to FIG. 2 and the roller 140, 140 ' is shown, namely in the form of two parts, so that on the intermediate band 538 a negative pressure in this area can appear undisturbed.
- the roller 139 is from a seal housing enclosed with sealing walls 96, one of which an opening O for the connection of a schematically indicated Suction line 1 for connection to a vacuum source 97 in Has the shape of a blower.
- These housing walls 96 are useful with corresponding seals 98, such as lip seals, Mistake.
- the separation is carried out with the help of the already described components 87, 88, 94 and 95 in a similar manner to that described with reference to FIG. 9A.
- a drum 638 is used here as an air-permeable base.
- the drum can be designed in a section parallel to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 10 in a detail XII as shown in FIG.
- separating ribs or channels 187.1 similar to the feed channels 87.1 of the vibration conveyor 87, wherein similar suction holes 150 are provided at intervals, as has already been described with reference to FIG. 9B.
- the particles P are then held at these suction holes 150, are thus in a predetermined mutual position and are fed to the checking device inside the housing 91.
- an opening O is again provided which expediently passes through a hollow stub shaft 149, which is indicated by a broken line.
- a corresponding negative pressure prevails above a sealing wall 196 inside the drum 638, which ensures that the particles P abut on the drum 638 even at high speeds, the housing 192 being designed such that the negative pressure can also act there, for example, so that particles only be thrown out when the negative pressure is overcome by the blowing pressure of nozzles, not shown, arranged therein.
- two nozzles 45, 46 see. Fig.
- Fig. 11 differs from that of Fig. 10 essentially by the execution of the drum 638 interacting separating device.
- arstelle of the vibration conveyor 87 a pure drop promotion along of the gutters 287.1 corresponding to the feed channels 87.1 carried out.
- these gutters 287.1 of the drum The closest approach to 638 is one of a blow nozzle n in FIG. 8B corresponding blowing nozzle n 'of an acceleration device 289 provided the granules falling against the surface the drum 638 to allow entrainment.
- the order can - analogous to the embodiment of FIG. 8B - also so be configured so that the blow nozzle 199 is not so vertical acts on the surface of the drum 638, but more or less tangential.
- the Fig. 13 described below is intended to show in principle how an optical check, in particular that described above Kind also for the regulation of machining processes, such as especially the grinding gap of a grinder, and here in particular a rolling mill with at least two rolls W1 and W2, between which have a grinding gap g and with the help of a known, e.g. hydraulic, adjustment device H roughly adjustable is.
- a known, e.g. hydraulic, adjustment device H roughly adjustable is.
- there is a fine adjustment by a Electric motor fc and a screw spindle sp and an adjustable connecting pin via this spindle z a support lever 1 is adjustable.
- two regulations of the type shown are on WO 89/08501 (Fig. 18) or DE-A-37 07 745, which the possible Details of such a construction can be found.
- the grinder shown with the rollers W1, W2 can for example be a flaking mill, the one above, for flaking mills known for example from US-A-4 905 917, Feed roller for granular material for squeezing by means of rollers W1, W2 can be fed to flakes.
- the result of this bruising subsequently optically checked Because there is no sorting out needs the 738 woven conveyor belt not necessarily permeable to air, as in the previous ones Embodiments has been described, yes it could even be Checking the free fall of the particles take place as is the case State of the art.
- the accuracy with the help of the previous figures cf. especially FIGS. 4 and 7
- Verification method improved and therefore for the present Purpose is preferred.
- the camera 101 is arranged above the band 738 the color and / or the size of those generated in the grinding gap g Detects flakes and transfers them to e.g. corresponding to FIG. 7
- Evaluation unit 5780 (corresponding to parts 57-80 of FIG. 7) delivers.
- This evaluation unit forms an output signal that corresponding control stages ERD and cc the fine control motor fc controls the color and / or size of the flakes (preferred the size) by finishing the grinding gap g on the bring desired value.
- the evaluation unit 5780 Comparison signal can be supplied via a line comp that is derived from a similar camera 401 that feeds the Material, expediently checked in the area of the feed at fr and provides a corresponding comparison signal.
- the evaluation unit 5780 then makes a comparison between those from the cameras 101 and 401 delivered signals, the difference signal is used to control the motor fc. It goes without saying that the evaluation unit 5780 can be simplified if it either only the color matters (the uncrimped outside the particle may have a different color than after being crushed the rollers W1, W2 have), or only to the size.
- Sorting out could also be carried out instead of using blowing nozzles 45, 46 that, if necessary, go to the upper side of the lower run of the tape and thus preventing the suction pressure Flaps are provided that are movable and from a free position cover devices that can be brought into a cover layer act, so that the particles are no longer held by the suction pressure P (similar to the case of the immovable covering device 198 in Fig. 10) can fall.
- One flap is then appropriate a you, e.g. in the excited state immediately, more attractive and so that they lift off from the openings 50 and 150, for example Electromagnet assigned to the flap only in one Covers position when a particle is to be ejected. Sorting by means of selective electrical or electrostatic charging of the particles to be sorted out, in particular by means of corona discharge.
- particle in a broad sense Meaning should be understood and should also include larger particles, For example, pellets, dough moldings, etc., which are larger Amounts are to be incurred and processed, but the application is. flat particles such as flakes are particularly preferred.
- Another possibility is to replace parts 83 to 87 to arrange the brush roller 94 directly in a bed and the particles against the air-permeable base to let lead where the singulation directly through the suction at the openings 150.
Landscapes
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Discharge Of Articles From Conveyors (AREA)
- Belt Conveyors (AREA)
- Specific Conveyance Elements (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine bei der Erfindung anwendbare Sortiervorrichtung, wie sie zum Sortieren von Schüttgut eingesetzt wird, in perspektivischer Darstellung;
- Fig. 2
- ein Detail einer Ausführungsform dieser Vorrichtung in perspektivischer Darstellung;
- Fig. 3
- ein Detail einer Ausführungsform dieser Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht;
- Fig. 4
- eine Draufsicht auf eine bevorzugte Anordnung und Ausbildung im Bereiche der Überprüfungseinrichtung;
- Fig. 5
- einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 4 durch die bevorzugte Ausbildung eines Bandes;
- Fig. 6
- eine Ausführungsvariante zum Überprüfen zweier einander gegenüberliegender Seiten der Schüttgutpartikel;
- Fig. 7
- eine bevorzugte Schaltung der Überprüfungseinrichtung, deren zweckmässige Verfahrensweise an Hand der
- Fig. 7A
- erläutert wird, und wovon die
- Fig. 7B
- ein Detail mit grösserer Ausführlichkeit zeigt, worin ein dreidimensionaler Histogrammprozessor zu sehen ist; die
- Fig. 8A, 8B
- eine Ausführungsform einer Anlage mit einer bevorzugten Vereinzelungsvorrichtung, wobei Fig. 8B das Detail B aus Fig. 8A in grösserem Massstabe veranschaulicht; die
- Fig. 9A, 9B
- eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Anlage mit einer anderen Vereinzelungsvorrichtung, wobei Fig. 9B das Detail B aus Fig. 9A in grösserem Massstabe und in einem parallel zur Zeichenebene der Fig. 9A geführten Längsschnitt zeigt;
- Fig. 10
- eine weiter Ausführungsvariante einer Anlage mit einer gegenüber den anderen Ausführungen modifizierten Unterlage;
- Fiq. 11
- ein Detail einer weiteren Vereinzelungsvorrichtung, wobei
- Fig. 12
- ein vergrösserter, parallel zur Zeichenebene geführter Längsschnitt entsprechend den Details XII der Fig. 11 und/oder 12 ist; die
- Fig. 13
- ein Schema zur Veranschaulichung eines erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zur Regelung eines Mahlspaltes.
Partikel | Hintergrund | Resultat | Aktion |
0 | 0 | Fremdteil | Ausschleudern |
0 | 1 | Band bzw. | |
50 = leer | keine | ||
1 | 0 | "gut" | Formprozessor |
Fp aktivieren | |||
1 | 1 | kommt nicht vor |
Claims (8)
- Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Partikeln eines Schüttgutes, insbesondere zum Regeln einer das Schüttgut bearbeitenden Einrichtung mit mindestens zwei relativ zueinander bewegbaren und dazwischen einen Spalt (g) für den Durchtritt zu bearbeitenden körnigen Gutes bildenden Flächen, wobei das danach bearbeitete Gut an einem Sensor (101) vorbeigeführt wird, der in Abhängigkeit von einer Charakteristik, wie der Farbe, des bearbeiteten Gutes ein Ausgangssignal abgibt, das über ein Vergleichssignal zur Regelung des genannten Spaltes (g) herangezogen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassa) als bearbeitende Einrichtung ein über eine Speisung (fr) gespeistes Flokkierwalzwerk (W1, W2) zur Erzeugung von Flocken aus den Partikeln des Schüttgutes verwendet wird, das als Spalt einen Mahlspalt (g) besitzt,b) das bearbeitete flockenartige Gut zur Ausrichtung auf eine vorbestimmte Unterlage (738), wie ein Transportband oder dgl., gebracht wird,c) der dieser Unterlage (738) zugeordnete Sensor (101) in Abhängigkeit von Farbe und/oder Grösse ein Ausgangssignal abgibt, undd) ein weiterer Sensor (401) im Bereiche der Speisung (fr) das zugeführte Material überprüft und das Vergleichssignal abgibt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bearbeitete Produkt einer Überprüfung durch mindestens einen, den Sensor (101) bildenden lichtelektrischen Wandler unterzogen wird, dem vom Schütt- bzw. Massengut und seiner Unterlage (738) reflektierte elektromagnetische Strahlung zuführbar ist und der in Abhängigkeit von der erhaltenen Strahlungsmenge ein elektrisches Ausgangssignal abgibt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus der reflektierten Strahlung ein Grössensignal abgeleitet wird, das für die Grösse des Ausgangsproduktes repräsentativ ist, wobei dieses Grössensignal das Ausgangssignal entweder unmittelbar oder in abgeleiteter Form bildet.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ausgangssignal zunächst mit einem für die Eigenschaft des dem Mahlwerk (W1, W2) zugeführten Gutes, insbesondere mit dessen Grösse, verglichen wird und das erhaltene Differenzsignal zur Regelung der Grösse des Walzenspaltes (g) verwendet wird.
- Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einer das Schüttgut bearbeitenden Einrichtung mit mindestens zwei relativ zueinander bewegbaren und dazwischen einen Spalt (g) für den Durchtritt zu bearbeitenden körnigen Gutes bildenden Flächen, wobei am Ausgange der das Schüttgut bearbeitenden Einrichtung ein Sensor (101) vorgesehen ist, der in Abhängigkeit von einer Charakteristik, wie der Farbe, des bearbeiteten Gutes ein Ausgangssignal abgibt, das einer Regeleinrichtung (fc, sp, z) zur Bildung eines Vergleichssignals und zur Regelung des genannten Spaltes (g) zuführbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassa) die das Schüttgut bearbeitende Einrichtung ein Flockierwalzwerk (W1, W2) zur Erzeugung von Flocken aus den über eine Speisung (fr) des Flockierwalzwerkes (W1, W2) diesem zugeführten Partikeln des Schüttgutes ist, das als Spalt einen Mahlspalt (g) besitzt,b) am Ausgange des Flockierwalzwerkes (W1, W2) und im Anschluss an dessen Mahlspalt (g) eine Unterlagsfläche (738) zur Ausrichtung des flockenartigen Gutes auf demselben angeordnet ist,c) der dieser Unterlage (738) zugeordnete Sensor (101) in Abhängigkeit von Farbe und/oder Grösse ein Ausgangssignal abgibt, undd) ein weiterer Sensor (401) im Bereiche der genannten Speisung (fr) zum Überprüfen des zugeführten Materials vorgesehen ist, der das Vergleichssignal abgibt.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bearbeitete Produkt einer Überprüfung durch mindestens einen, den Sensor (101) bildenden lichtelektrischen Wandler, insbesondere einer Kamera, zuführbar ist, dem vom Schütt- bzw. Massengut und seiner Unterlage (738) reflektierte elektromagnetische Strahlung zuführbar ist und der in Abhängigkeit von der erhaltenen Strahlungsmenge ein elektrisches Ausgangssignal abgibt.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem den Sensor (101) bildenden lichtelektrischen Wandler, insbesondere der Kamera, ein ein Grössensignal erzeugender Prozessor (Fp) nachgeschaltet ist.
- Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein weiterer Sensor (401) vor dem Mahlspalt (g) angeordnet ist, und dass die Regeleinrichtung (fc, sp, z) einen Differenzbildner (5780) für die Ausgangssignale der Sensoren (101, 401) umfasst.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4029202 | 1990-09-14 | ||
DE4029202A DE4029202A1 (de) | 1990-09-14 | 1990-09-14 | Verfahren zum sortieren von partikeln eines schuettgutes und vorrichtungen hierfuer |
EP19910113807 EP0475121A3 (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-17 | Method for sorting bulk particles and device for that purpose |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910113807 Division EP0475121A3 (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-17 | Method for sorting bulk particles and device for that purpose |
EP91113807.1 Division | 1991-08-17 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0615789A2 EP0615789A2 (de) | 1994-09-21 |
EP0615789A3 EP0615789A3 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
EP0615789B1 true EP0615789B1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
Family
ID=6414258
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94105931A Withdrawn EP0666115A2 (de) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-17 | Verfahren zum Sortieren von Partikeln eines Schüttgutes und Vorrichtung hierfür |
EP19910113807 Withdrawn EP0475121A3 (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-17 | Method for sorting bulk particles and device for that purpose |
EP94105932A Expired - Lifetime EP0615789B1 (de) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-17 | Verfahren zum Sortieren von Partikeln eines Schüttgutes und Vorrichtung hierfür |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94105931A Withdrawn EP0666115A2 (de) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-17 | Verfahren zum Sortieren von Partikeln eines Schüttgutes und Vorrichtung hierfür |
EP19910113807 Withdrawn EP0475121A3 (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-17 | Method for sorting bulk particles and device for that purpose |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5379949A (de) |
EP (3) | EP0666115A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH04247273A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE202016T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4029202A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2157936T3 (de) |
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-
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- 1991-08-17 AT AT94105932T patent/ATE202016T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-17 EP EP94105931A patent/EP0666115A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-08-17 EP EP19910113807 patent/EP0475121A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-08-17 EP EP94105932A patent/EP0615789B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-17 ES ES94105932T patent/ES2157936T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-12 JP JP3233485A patent/JPH04247273A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-10-20 US US07/963,820 patent/US5379949A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-07-15 US US08/276,001 patent/US5524746A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH04247273A (ja) | 1992-09-03 |
EP0615789A2 (de) | 1994-09-21 |
EP0615789A3 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
ATE202016T1 (de) | 2001-06-15 |
DE59109211D1 (de) | 2001-07-19 |
EP0475121A2 (de) | 1992-03-18 |
EP0666115A2 (de) | 1995-08-09 |
US5524746A (en) | 1996-06-11 |
US5379949A (en) | 1995-01-10 |
DE4029202A1 (de) | 1992-03-19 |
ES2157936T3 (es) | 2001-09-01 |
EP0475121A3 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
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