EP0300359B1 - Procédé et installation de traitement de matières textiles dans des machines jet - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de traitement de matières textiles dans des machines jet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0300359B1
EP0300359B1 EP88111285A EP88111285A EP0300359B1 EP 0300359 B1 EP0300359 B1 EP 0300359B1 EP 88111285 A EP88111285 A EP 88111285A EP 88111285 A EP88111285 A EP 88111285A EP 0300359 B1 EP0300359 B1 EP 0300359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blower
liquor
treating agent
gas stream
metered addition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88111285A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0300359A3 (en
EP0300359A2 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Ulrich Dr. Von Der Eltz
Wilhelm Christ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Then Maschinen und Apparatebau GmbH
Original Assignee
Hoechst AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0300359A2 publication Critical patent/EP0300359A2/fr
Publication of EP0300359A3 publication Critical patent/EP0300359A3/de
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Publication of EP0300359B1 publication Critical patent/EP0300359B1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/28—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics propelled by, or with the aid of, jets of the treating material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/20—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation
    • D06B23/205—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation for adding or mixing constituents of the treating material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an (improved) process for the discontinuous wet treatment of strand-like textile material made of synthetic or natural fibers or from mixtures of such fibers, rotating on nozzles (jet) dyeing systems in endless form, with aqueous liquors containing dyes which are suitable for the fiber type in question Extraction technology or other textile finishing products, whereby the feed for the transport of the goods within the self-contained jet system via the actuation of the nozzle system by means of the kinetic energy of a circulated gas stream which is not inert in relation to the intended specific treatment effect, this flowing gas simultaneously Treatment agents or treatment agent preparations are added and thus brought into contact with the textile material in accordance with the preselected temperature and pressure conditions, where they come into effect immediately in the fixing state.
  • the liquor ratio present in the known method as the relationship between the weight of the textile goods in kg to the volume of the treatment liquor in liters results from the volume of the moisture loading of the textile goods, the volume of treatment liquor on the suction side of the pump and the content of the injection system including the pump and the lines , Heat exchangers and fittings.
  • this method requires a high level of measurement and control.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to further shorten the liquor ratio by means of suitable measures and to make the process sequence simpler.
  • This object is achieved in that the treatment agent batch is metered into the driving gas stream on the suction side of the blower generating this gas stream, the blower effecting its fine distribution by atomization into the flowing gas.
  • Characteristic feature of the present invention over the prior art from the European Patent EP-B-0 078 022 is the elimination of the separate injection circuit for the treatment agent to be entered, ie the injection cycle is therefore no longer a self-contained machine device, but is directly connected to the gas circuit insofar as the driving force for the introduction the treatment fleet does not start from a system consisting of an injection pump and nozzle, but from the suction jet effect of the blower that maintains the gas cycle.
  • the treatment liquor is added to the gas flow on the suction side of the blower and the fine distribution of the blower in the gas flow is ensured by the conveying work of the blower, in addition to the economic advantage of further energy savings, the machine system and the one for carrying out the Procedure required control effort.
  • the present invention has a wide range of applications in terms of the type of wet treatment and can - regardless of their special nature - z. B. for dyeing, finishing, etc. of textile goods, especially where it is about the minimum order of treatment agents permanently applied to the goods.
  • the claimed method can also advantageously be applied to multi-stage wet treatment operations which require different but separate dosing processes for liquid treatment agent batches.
  • the addition of at least one partial liquor to the gas stream will take place according to the invention on the suction side of the fan, while the supply of further partial liquors for the other process stages can take place according to conventional guidelines.
  • the proportionate amounts thereof e.g. the first partial foot for a pretreatment step (such as netting), so that in the end the actual measure, which is regarded as the main component of the working method (such as Dyeing), in terms of quantity results in the desired liquor ratio.
  • a device suitable for carrying out the claimed method, to which the invention in question also relates consists of a jet dyeing machine of a conventional type with a self-contained, essentially ring-shaped treatment kettle for receiving / storing the textile material to be treated as a strand in an endless form and - at least during the wet treatment operation - for its circulation while actuating a nozzle system built into the goods orbit, said kettle with an over the same nozzle arrangement is connected to a separate circuit for a gas flow that alone manages or possibly supports the gas feed and includes a limited distance from the nozzle arrangement, along which the line of goods is exposed to the influence of the kinetic energy of the drive gas, a blower in the gas circuit for generating and compressing the driving gas stream as well as mechanical means for the uniform introduction of the treatment liquors into the gas cycle, and is characterized in that the connections for the mechanical means for metering in the gas circuit and / or subsequent circulation of the treatment agent batches are arranged on the suction side of the blower without a separate injection circuit being present
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 The illustration of the jet dyeing machine shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 largely corresponds to the prototype of such a device as is described in detail in US Pat. No. 3,949,575.
  • the machine diagram is described in a basic first expansion stage: the heat exchanger (WG) arranged on the pressure side of the blower (G) is available for heating or cooling the circulating drive gas as required.
  • the heat exchanger (WG) can, among other things, be equipped as a gas cooler so that the gas temperature is kept constant even when working at low dyeing temperatures, e.g. 30 ° C becomes possible.
  • this heat exchanger (WG) can be used to cool the gas circuit following a dyeing operation under HT conditions.
  • WF heat exchanger
  • this enables the treatment liquor to be fed into the suction connection of the fan, for example during a heating-up phase, at the same temperature as the gas temperature. It is also possible to heat this when adding rinsing water so that, among other things, a desired liquor temperature of 95 ° C. can be regulated in one pass, for. B. for the aftertreatment of a reactive dye.
  • a heat exchanger WF
  • WG heat exchanger
  • the heat exchanger (WF) can also be used in the course of indirect heating of the treatment medium, to reduce the amount of direct steam that is otherwise required via the valve (DZ), or to cool the HT stains generated, with the heat exchanger (WG) possibly being excluded Operation can be carried out if there is excess liquor, ie treatment liquid flowing through the valve (VU).
  • Fig. 3 the additional installation of a circulation pump (U) and a metering pump (D) is shown:
  • the circulation pump (U) which ensures the circulation of the fleet from the storage tank (BK) to the blower (G)
  • the fleet throughput can be achieved increase in those processes in which a larger amount of excess liquor, ie which is not bound in the dye, must be used.
  • a metering pump (D) the system offers several connection options, as is shown, inter alia, in FIG. 6, variant b).
  • the circulation pump (U) mentioned only needs to be designed for a smaller delivery head than that after the European patent EP-B-0 078 022 described operating pump, which accordingly results in a correspondingly lower output for the circulation pump (U).
  • Fig. 4 shows the connection of a backflow valve (VR) for the liquor into the batch container (AG):
  • This arrangement is provided for the return of a liquid flow conveyed by the circulation pump (U) and then throttled by the valve (VD) back into the batch vessel ( AG), or in general for the return of the available mobile fleet parts (ie that are not bound by the textile goods) into the batch vessel (AG), e.g. for the strengthening of the treatment liquor or for the removal of dye samples without loss of liquor in the course of the production of HT dyeings.
  • VR backflow valve
  • Fig. 5 shows the presence of a mixing device (M) when several stores are connected in parallel:
  • a mixing device (M) is located in the gas pressure line above the blower (G) and prevents the formation of a condensate film on the inner surface of the pipe from the atomized treatment agent preparation.
  • Such a mixing device (M) ensures that the treatment liquor, which is finely distributed in the gas, also flows to each of the storage tanks in the same amount via the circulated gas volume, so that the refining effect, e.g. the color depth, from memory to memory evenly.
  • the principle of operation of the claimed device can be illustrated as follows: Even while the jet dyeing machine is loading the textile material (TG), the suction effect of the blower (G) turns a treatment bath, for example a mesh bath, into the gas stream registered. Said network bath was set up in the batch container (AG) according to the quantity and bath setting, which was then introduced into the gas stream with the circulation valve (VU) closed via the flow valve (VV), through the metering valve (VD) and the suction connection on the blower (G) is distributed on the textile material (TG) within the nozzle (DS).
  • a treatment bath for example a mesh bath
  • the driving gas mixture which creates the isothermal conditions, is generated by injecting air and steam via the valves (LZ) and (DZ) and injected into the machine, while simultaneously the liquor already present therein heats up.
  • the circulation valve (VU) is open so that the treatment liquor that may drip from the textile material (TG) can be sucked in again by the blower (G) via the metering valve (VD) and can thus be redistributed in the gas stream.
  • a collecting tank (AK) is connected for the excess liquor, which is expediently equipped with a filter insert for filtering off the treatment liquid from any lint or fiber exits from the textile material (TG ) Is provided.
  • the size of the collecting tank (AK) is chosen such that when using the dyeing jet, all common finishing processes can be carried out using a pull-out method on a wide variety of fiber materials, ie the permissible concentration of the treatment liquor need not be exceeded.
  • the line connection on Collecting boiler (AK) to the circulation valve (VU) is arranged in such a way that it is possible to work practically without a treatment liquor in the collecting boiler (AK), ie extremely low liquor ratios can also be used according to the invention.
  • the treatment liquor which was entered as a network bath in the application example presented, is heated by the steam flowing in via the valve (DZ), specifically because of the heat given off during the condensation of the water vapor fed in in this way.
  • the volume proportion of the moisture due to the steam condensation is absorbed by the textile goods (TG) or - if the maximum retention capacity of the textile goods (TG) is reached before it is reached the final temperature (ie in the case of isothermal processes from the fixing temperature dependent on the dye and the fiber) - the further increase in the treatment liquor is saved by the collecting vessel (AK).
  • the valve (VD) is then brought into a throttle position which corresponds to a quantity of liquid which is dependent on the suction effect of the fan (G).
  • the pressure difference between the suction connection of the blower (G) and the batch container (AG) is too low, for example when the gas mixture is statically overpressured in the jet machine, the dye batch is not introduced from the batch container (AG) via the connection valve (VV), but via a metering pump (D).
  • the throttle position of the valve (VD) and the suction effect of the fan (G) i.e. the amount of liquid, this results in the concentration of the treatment liquor distributed in the gas stream, which is brought into contact with the textile material (TG) in the nozzle arrangement (DS) under isothermal conditions.
  • Variant b) for the metering of the treatment liquor represents an extension of variant a), the metering pump (D) being able to connect a nozzle (ZD) in addition to the Venturi tube (V) in the area of the suction nozzle of the blower (G) and this being pressure-dependent Atomizer nozzle (ZD) is matched to the delivery rate of the metering pump (D).
  • the arrangement according to variant c) uses the circulation pump (U), which can also be equipped as a metering pump, and an atomizing nozzle (ZD), by means of which the treatment liquor is injected into the gas stream and distributed.
  • the pump (U) used for this modification only needs to be equipped with very poor performance, since the downstream atomizer nozzle (ZD) can only be designed for a low pressure drop, because of the wider distribution of the treatment liquor in the blower (G).
  • a metering pump (D) pumps the treatment liquor into the gas stream almost without pressure through an outlet nozzle.
  • the treatment liquor is finally allowed to run into the gas stream in the manner of a downdraft gasifier, via which it is then taken along and atomized in the fan (G).
  • the textile material (TG) is sewn together with its two ends in such a way that an endless strand of goods is produced.
  • the inlet opening of the treatment vessel (BK) is then closed and the textile material is rotated again by the action of the fan flow in the nozzle (DS).
  • Steam is also supplied via the control valve (DZ) on the pressure side of the running fan (G) and brought into contact with the textile material via the nozzle section (DS). Due to the action of the steam, the product temperature of the circulating textile material now increases over a predetermined gradient to approximately that of the steam which is pressed in, and the The dye tank (BK) fills itself with steam of the same temperature. As soon as a final temperature of 130 ° C has been reached, the steam supply is reduced to the amount required only to cover the heat losses.
  • the textile material (TG) is sewn together at its two ends in such a way that an endless strand is formed.
  • the inlet opening of the treatment tank (BK) is then closed and the textile material is put into circulation again by switching on the blower and adding steam. The effect of the steam increases the temperature of the goods.
  • the goods drive is taken this time by means of a heated humid air stream from the nozzle system (DS) at 0.2 bar overpressure, generated by the fan (G) and again with the support of the driven roller.
  • a temperature of about 40 ° C is set at the same time.
  • a level green coloration is obtained on the polyester / cotton blend.
  • the knitted fabric is sewn together to form an endless strand, the treatment tank (BK) of the jet system is closed and the circulation of goods is restarted by means of flowing warm air at 40 ° C.
  • a clear, level red dyeing of the knitted cotton is obtained.
  • the product image shows no mesh warping.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé pour réaliser le traitement discontinu par voie humide d'une matière textile en forme d'écheveau circulant selon une forme sans fin dans des installations de teinture à buse (à jet) et constituée par des fibres synthétiques ou naturelles ou par des mélanges de telles fibres, avec des bains aqueux contenant des colorants respectivement appropriés pour le type de fibres considéré, selon la technique d'épuisement, ou d'autres produits de teinture et d'apprêt de textiles, et selon lequel l'avance pour le transport des articles à l'intérieur de l'installation à jet, fermée sur elle-même, s'effectue au moyen de l'actionnement du système à buse à l'aide de l'énergie de déplacement d'un courant de gaz en circulation, qui n'est pas inerte en rapport avec l'action de traitement spécifique envisagée, les agents de traitement ou les préparations d'agents de traitement sont ajoutés à ce gaz en circulation et sont ainsi amenés en contact avec la matière textile en fonction des conditions présélectionnées de température et de pression, et agissent alors directement à l'état fixé, caractérisé en ce qu on réalise l'addition dosée de la quantité d'agent de traitement au courant de gaz d'entraînement sur le côté aspiration du ventilateur produisant ce courant de gaz, ce ventilateur réalisant une répartition fine par pulvérisation dans le gaz en circulation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas à'un processus de traitement par voie humide en plusieurs étapes, qui inclut différentes opérations séparées de dosage, l'addition dosée d'au moins un bain partiel au courant de gaz est réalisée sur le côté aspiration du ventilateur.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que sur la base de l'addition dosée de la quantité d'agent de traitement au courant de gaz, on réalise dans le système de teinture le réglage d'un rapport de bain, qui, par rapport à la quantité totale d'un bain introduit de cette manière, se rapproche du pouvoir de retenue du bain par la matière textile.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, sur la base de l'addition dosée des agents de traitement au courant de gaz, on réalise dans le système de teinture le réglage du rapport de bain, qui, par rapport à la quantité totale du bain introduit de cette manière, dépasse le pouvoir de retenue du bain par de la matière textile.
  5. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas d'un processus de traitement par voie humide en plusieurs étapes, qui inclut différentes opérations séparées de dosage, lors de l'addition dosée de plusieurs bains partiels au courant de gaz, on mélange les quantités correspondantes respectives de ces bains de manière à obtenir en définitive, du point de vue quantitatif, pour la disposition particulière considérée comme l'élément principal du mode de fonctionnement, le rapport de bain recherché à cet effet.
  6. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'addition dosée des quantités d'agents de traitement au courant de gaz s'effectue sur le côté aspiration du ventilateur par l'intermédiaire d'un tube à venturi (variante a).
  7. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'addition dosée des quantités d'agents de traitement au courant de gaz est réalisée sur le côté aspiration du ventilateur au moyen d'une buse de refoulement (buse de pulvérisation) (variante c).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7 , caractérisé en ce que l'addition dosée s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'un tube à venturi branché en aval de la buse de pulvérisation (variante b).
  9. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'addition dosée des quantités d'agents de traitement au courant de gaz est réalisée sur le côté aspiration du ventilateur au moyen d'un simple pompage (variante d).
  10. Procodé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'addition dosée des quantités d'agents de traitement au courant de gaz est réalisée sur le côté aspiration du ventilateur, selon le principe du carburateur inversé, au moyen d'une alimentation simple (variante e).
  11. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 10, constitué par une installation de ceinture à jet de type usuel, comprenant
    une enceinte de traitement (BK) fermée sur elle-même, possédant sensiblement une forme annulaire et servant à recevoir/stocker la matière textile à traiter (TG) présente sous la forme d'un écheveau sans fin, ainsi qu'à faire circuler cette matière moyennant l'actionnement d'un système à buse (DS), monté dans le trajet de circulation de la matière, l'enceinte (BK) étant raccordée à un circuit séparé, passant par le même dispositif à buse (DS), pour un courant de gaz réalisant seul ou facilitant éventuellement l'avance de la matière, et comprenant, à partir du dispositif à buse (DS), une section limitée de déplacement, le long de laquelle l'écheveau (TG) de la matière est soumis à l'influence de l'énergie de déplacement du gaz d'entraînement,
    un ventilateur (G) situé dans le circuit du gaz et servant à produire et comprimer le courant de gaz d'entraînement,
    ainsi que des moyens mécaniques pour introduire uniformément des bains de traitement dans le circuit de gaz,
    caractérisé en ce que dans le circuit du gaz, les raccords pour les moyens mécaniques permettant l'addition dosée et/ou la circulation aval des quantités d'agents de traitement sont disposés sur le côté aspiration du ventilateur (G), sans qu'il soit prévu un circuit d'injection séparé.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un tube à venturi (V) comme moyens mécaniques pour l'addition dosée des agents de traitement, dans la zone de la tubulure d'aspiration du ventilateur (G).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu une buse de pulvérisation (ZD), qui dépend de la pression, en tant que moyen mécanique pour l'addition dosée d'agents de traitement, dans la zone de la tubulure d'aspiration du ventilateur (G).
  14. Dispositif selon les revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, comme moyens mécaniques, une buse de pulvérisation (ZD) combinée à un tube à venturi (V) branché en aval.
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un tube de sortie combiné à une pompe de dosage (D) branchée en amont, en tant que moyens mécaniques pour l'addition dosée d'agents de traitement, dans la zone de la tubulure du ventilateur (G).
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un tube de sortie fonctionnant selon le principe du carburateur inversé, en tant que moyens mécaniques pour l'addition dosée d'agents de traitement, dans la zone de la tubulure d'aspiration du ventilateur (G).
EP88111285A 1987-07-21 1988-07-14 Procédé et installation de traitement de matières textiles dans des machines jet Expired - Lifetime EP0300359B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3724075 1987-07-21
DE19873724075 DE3724075A1 (de) 1987-07-21 1987-07-21 Verfahren zum behandeln von textilgut in jet-faerbemaschinen sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung desselben

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0300359A2 EP0300359A2 (fr) 1989-01-25
EP0300359A3 EP0300359A3 (en) 1989-06-21
EP0300359B1 true EP0300359B1 (fr) 1992-05-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111285A Expired - Lifetime EP0300359B1 (fr) 1987-07-21 1988-07-14 Procédé et installation de traitement de matières textiles dans des machines jet

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Country Link
US (1) US4862546A (fr)
EP (1) EP0300359B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2787576B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR960008841B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1339899C (fr)
DE (2) DE3724075A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK169288B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2041746T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT88046B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA885243B (fr)

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DE10349375B4 (de) * 2003-10-21 2008-04-10 Then Maschinen (B.V.I.) Ltd., Road Town Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spülen von strangförmigen Textilgut
DE102005027070B3 (de) * 2005-06-11 2007-01-04 Then Maschinen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum gleichmäßigen Aufbringen von Behandlungsmitteln auf einen Warenstrang
DE102007036408B3 (de) * 2007-08-02 2008-12-18 Then Maschinen Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von strangförmiger Textilware
DE202012013220U1 (de) * 2011-06-10 2015-08-26 Zhejiang Yinhe Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. Überstromfärbesystem einer Luftstromzerstäubungsfärbemaschine
JP6464864B2 (ja) * 2014-03-27 2019-02-06 東レ株式会社 繊維製品の処理方法
JP6162067B2 (ja) * 2014-03-27 2017-07-12 東レ株式会社 繊維製品の処理装置
TR201609108A2 (tr) * 2016-06-29 2016-10-21 Canlar Mekatronik Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Kumaş boyama maki̇nalarinin isitma si̇stemi̇nde yeni̇li̇k
CN110144686A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2019-08-20 杭州航民合同精机有限公司 以履带带动布匹循环的气液染布机
CN111058287A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-24 比音勒芬服饰股份有限公司 一种纺织材料的处理方法及应用
JP2022120256A (ja) 2021-02-05 2022-08-18 東芝テック株式会社 ラベルプリンタ

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JP2787576B2 (ja) 1998-08-20
DE3871005D1 (de) 1992-06-17
DK405188A (da) 1989-01-22
DK405188D0 (da) 1988-07-20
US4862546A (en) 1989-09-05
KR960008841B1 (ko) 1996-07-05
ZA885243B (en) 1989-03-29
DK169288B1 (da) 1994-10-03
CA1339899C (fr) 1998-06-09
JPS6440659A (en) 1989-02-10
KR890002490A (ko) 1989-04-10
DE3724075A1 (de) 1989-02-02
PT88046B (pt) 1994-01-31
EP0300359A3 (en) 1989-06-21
ES2041746T3 (es) 1993-12-01
PT88046A (pt) 1989-06-30
EP0300359A2 (fr) 1989-01-25

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