Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition

Definitions

• the invention relates to high-quality gasoline fuels which are distinguished by high octane numbers, a reduced content of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and in particular nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines with spark ignition.
• the fuels according to the invention reach octane numbers which make it possible to dispense with additional leading altogether.
• the fuels according to the invention are further characterized in that lower cloud points, increased oxidation stability and a reduction in specific energy consumption are achieved.
• the compression ratio makes a particular contribution to increasing engine efficiency, which leads to a reduction in specific fuel consumption.
• the resulting knock tendency of the engine must be taken into account by increasing the octane number of the fuel.
• anti-knock agents in particular lead alkyls, alkylate petrol or aromatics, are added to the fuel.
• the associated high exhaust gas pollution has a disadvantageous effect.
• the octane number can be adjusted by adding more aromatics. Instead of some of the aromatics you can octopane-increasing isoparaffins, contained in large quantities in alkylate gasoline, can also be added.
• the disadvantages mentioned are eliminated by the present invention and new technical solutions are made possible.
• the invention has for its object to find combinations of substances that are suitable for the production of leaded or unleaded gasoline for spark ignition internal combustion engines, contribute to the reduction of specific energy and fuel consumption and are characterized by high octane numbers and improved exhaust gas quality.
• the gasifier fuel according to the invention consists of a hydrocarbon-containing basic component and 2-65, preferably 10-30 vol.% Of an ether-alcohol mixture.
• the hydrocarbon-containing base component can e.g. B. Any resulting in the refining of hydrocarbon mixtures, including oxygen compounds containing mixture with suitable boiling behavior.
• a hydrocarbon-containing mixture is also suitable as the basic component, which mixture cannot be processed as such and without the addition of other components apart from the ether mixture according to the invention to a specification-corrected gasoline fuel, such as. B. "straight run" gasoline.
• the ether-alcohol mixture contains fuel-improving components methyl-tert. butyl ether, isopropyl tert-butyl ether and sec-butyl tert-butyl ether and one or more alcohols from the group tert-butanol, sec-butanol, isopropanol and methanol.
• the quantitative ratios are determined within certain limits by the basic component.
• the entire additive is composed of 5 to 35% by volume methyl tert-butyl ether, each 5 to 40% by volume isopropyl tert-butyl ether and sec-butyl tert-butyl ether, 0 to 85% by volume tert-butanol, 0 to 20 vol.% sec-butanol, 0 to 20 vol.% isopropanol and 0 to 15 vol.% methanol, the proportion of alcohols being up to 85 vol.% and preferably up to 50 vol. makes up% of the addition, but is not 0% by volume.
• Additives in which the volume ratio of methyl tert-butyl ether to isopropyl tert-butyl ether to sec-butyl tert-butyl ether is approximately 1: 1: 1 are particularly advantageous.
• the improvement in the octane numbers and the reduction in the hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are observed regardless of the composition of the hydrocarbon fraction used as the basic component if the gasoline fuels contain the additives according to the invention.
• the carburetor fuels composed in this way can also contain additives such as other alcohols, e.g. B. ethyl alcohol, and / or lead alkyls.
• the content of methanol should not exceed 15% by volume
• the content of tert.-butanol should not exceed 85% by volume.
• tert-butanol contents of 1-50 vol.% And isopropanol or sec-butanol contents of 1-10 vol.% are suitable.
• Volume ratios of isopropanol to isopropyl tert-butyl ether of 1: 4 to 1:10 and of sec-butanol to sec-butyl tert-butyl ether from 1: 5 to 1:20 are preferred.
• the fuel additives according to the invention lead to an overall better controlled combustion of the fuel, as a result of which greater economy and higher output as well as a lower pollutant content in the exhaust gas are achieved.
• a particular advantage is that the lead compounds currently used for the combustion control can be dispensed with.
• the use of ether or ether-alcohol mixtures according to the invention results in a uniform distribution of the oxygen-containing components over the entire boiling point of the fuel, as a result of which these advantages are guaranteed in all operating states of the engine, such as starting, accelerating, idling, etc.
• these components not only prevent overheating, which can lead to material damage in the combustion chamber, but also a noticeable temperature drop compared to operation with conventional gasoline fuels.
• the ether / alcohol mixtures according to the present invention improve the octane number steadily with the concentration, even if none Lead compounds are added.
• the size of the achievable increase in octane number and the relative reduction in the amount of pollutants in the exhaust gas is from the comparative tests to see.
• a carburetor fuel can be produced which has such high octane numbers that engines can be operated with compression ratios which go well beyond the engines currently produced in series.
• compression ratios of z. B. 12: 1 to 14: 1 the specific fuel consumption is significantly reduced and thus the absolute amount of exhaust gas and pollutants.
• ether-alcohol mixtures is advantageous compared to the use of only one ether, in particular the use of only methyl tert-butyl ether, especially when lead-free fuels according to the invention are produced.
• B the motor octane number
• the relative increases in octane number also expressed by the glare values, increase with increasing content.
• the achievable octane number increases steadily with the amount added to the basic component.
• the fuels according to the invention are not corrosive to the metallic materials, plastic parts and sealing materials used for fuel tanks, engines etc. Another positive effect is the improved water absorption and solvent behavior compared to other oxygen-containing components such as methanol and ethanol. This prevents the risk of phase separations caused by small amounts of water and very low cloud points are reached.
• the fuels according to the invention are distinguished by very good motor behavior. They allow an idea of the ignition timing compared to currently available fuels. As a result, the fuels according to the invention can achieve higher street octane numbers than the conventional ones.
• Ether-alcohol mixture 28.3% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether 28.3% by volume of isopropyl tert-butyl ether 28.3% by volume sec-butyl tert-butyl ether 5 vol.% Methanol 5 vol.% Isopropanol 5 vol.% Sec.-butanol produced, which is referred to as B2 in the presentation of the results of the following comparison tests.
• methyl tert-butyl ether (MTB), isopropyl tert-butyl ether (PTB) and sec-butyl tert-butyl ether (BTB) were mixed with 95, 90 and 80 parts by volume of a carburetor base component (GK1) mixed.
• the basic component was a petroleum hydrocarbon mixture used in the production of super fuel that had an unleaded engine octane number (MOZ) of 84 and a research octane number (RON) of 93.
• Table 4 demonstrates that the additives according to the invention make it possible without further ado to comply with the specifications according to DIN 51 600 (column 1) both for leaded (column 2) and in particular for leaded (column 3) mixtures. However, this is not possible by adding Methyl tert-butyl ether alone (column 5) z. B. to a "straight run” gasoline (SR) with butane addition (Bu), but from the addition of mixtures according to the invention (column 4) a super fuel that meets the specification of DIN 51 600 can be produced.
• SR straight run
• Bu butane addition
• the favorable engine behavior of the fuels according to the invention results from the following comparative test:
• the ignition points were made on a 1.2 l engine with a compression of 9: 1 (Opel Kadett), each time the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas was set to 2% by volume determined for the knock at full throttle, namely when operating the engine with commercially available super fuel according to DIN 51 600, leaded with 0.15 g per liter and with a leaded and an unleaded fuel according to the invention.
• Table 6 shows the differences between the ignition times when operating with the fuels according to the invention and those when operating with commercially available super fuel in degrees of the crankshaft (° KW).
• the additives according to the invention make it possible to significantly increase the octane number glare values of tert-butanol (TBA). This very surprising synergistic effect is advantageous when tert-butanol is used as an octane number improver, especially in lead-free fuels.
• Table 8 summarizes measurements on a basic component (GK 3) similar to the above-mentioned GK 1 and GK 2 with additions of tert-butanol and the ether-alcohol mixture B2.
• the basic component GK 3 consisting of hydrocarbons, had an unleaded MOZ of 84.9 and an RON of 95.
• the corresponding values of tert.-butanol in the unleaded fuel component GK 3 mixed with about 30% of the additive according to the invention were MOZ 95 and ROZ 111.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
• Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
• Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
• Lens Barrels (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

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Publications (4)

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• 1981
  • 1981-04-28 DE DE3116734A patent/DE3116734C2/de not_active Expired
• 1982
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  • 1982-04-27 DZ DZ826519A patent/DZ411A1/fr active
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  • 1982-04-27 JP JP57069739A patent/JPS5811592A/ja active Granted
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