CN1745154A - 热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂、透明粘合片和层压体 - Google Patents

热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂、透明粘合片和层压体 Download PDF

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CN1745154A
CN1745154A CNA2004800030092A CN200480003009A CN1745154A CN 1745154 A CN1745154 A CN 1745154A CN A2004800030092 A CNA2004800030092 A CN A2004800030092A CN 200480003009 A CN200480003009 A CN 200480003009A CN 1745154 A CN1745154 A CN 1745154A
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稲永誠
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Abstract

本发明提供一种热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂、透明粘合片和使用该粘合片而制成的层压体;该粘合剂、粘合片具有可在室温下制造层压体,而不需用高压釜进行高温· 高压处理,并且很难产生板位移等的良好品质。本发明的特征是:在(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物中,至少含有0.01-1.0重量%的光自由基引发剂中的提取氢类的光自由基引发剂;上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物在130℃时的熔融粘度是5万-50万(mPa·s);上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物的Tg(玻璃化温度)在-20℃以下;将上述粘合剂热熔成形后,照射紫外线,使其交联而成的粘合片,它在40℃时的保持力是1.0-13mm的位移长度。

Description

热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂、透明粘合片和层压体
技术领域
本发明涉及热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂、透明粘合片和层压体,它们可用于要求有防犯罪性、安全性和防灾害性的住宅建材用窗、工作机械用窗、车辆·铁道·船舶·飞机用窗、防风头盔、护目镜、贵金属和艺术品的陈列柜、与金融关联的窗、层压光学透镜等的复合玻璃或者需要耐冲击性、轻量化、可视性的液晶显示器、PDP(等离子显示器)显示器、EL(有机电致发光)显示器等平面型图像装置和太阳能电池板(组件)、感应器、测量器、仪表类的透明保护板层压体。
背景技术
以往,复合玻璃或者保护板主要使用玻璃板,但是近年来,随着对其防犯罪性、安全性和防灾害性、轻量化、耐冲击性要求的提高,广泛使用合用了丙烯酸板或者聚碳酸酯(PC)板等的合成树脂板的多种复合玻璃,以作为能代替玻璃板的材料。
但是,因为玻璃板和合成树脂板的线膨胀系数不同,采用以往的用了热塑性树脂的高压釜方式或者日本特许文献1(日本国,日本特许公开公报平7-290647号)所公开的注入液态粘合剂,以紫外线或者热固化制得的复合玻璃,不能解决弯曲变形、剥离、破裂等问题。
面对年年激化的犯罪,通过以往的窗粘贴薄膜已不再具有足够的防犯罪性和安全性,所以人们提高了对车辆、一般住宅、涉及金融和经营贵重物品的店铺的用窗或者陈列柜所用的PC复合玻璃等的要求,但存在大面积化,弯曲、剥离、破裂也随之严重,必须更换现有的用窗的问题。
在图像显示装置层叠保护板的情况下,存在很难加压和加热,难以直接层压在显示板,不能轻量化和薄型化等的问题。
考虑到上述以往的技术问题点而完成了本发明,提供一种热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂、透明粘合片和使用该粘合片而成的层压体;该粘合剂、粘合片具有可在室温下制造层压体,而不需用高压釜进行高温·高压处理,并且很难产生板位移等的良好品质。
发明内容
本发明是热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂,其特征在于,在(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物中,至少含有0.01-1.0重量%的光自由基引发剂中的提取氢类(hydrogenabstraction type)的光自由基引发剂。
在本发明中,理想的特征是:上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物在130℃时的熔融粘度是5万-50万(mPa·s)。
在本发明中,理想特征是:上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物的Tg(玻璃化温度)在-20℃以下。
本发明是在将上述粘合剂热熔成形后,照射紫外线,使其交联而成的粘合片,其特征在于,它在40℃时的保持力是1.0-13mm的位移长度。
本发明是层压体,其特征在于,用申请4所述的透明粘合片作为中间层,在至少一面上层压透明玻璃板或者合成树脂板而成。
具体实施方式
申请1所述的本发明的热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂,其特征在于,在(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物中,至少含有光自由基引发剂中的一种,即提取氢类的光自由基引发剂。
一般的紫外线交联粘合剂需含有UV交联单体和光引发剂两种物质,但本发明者研究的结果发现:在(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物中,不含有UV交联单体,只要至少有提取氢类的光自由基引发剂,就可紫外线交联。提取氢类的光自由基引发剂是以从其他的分子提取氢的形式生成自由基的光聚合引发剂,作为本发明所用的具有代表性的提取氢类的光自由基引发剂,从透明性、固化性的点看,较好是二苯甲酮,根据粘合片的膜厚和UV照射条件,可选择含量。除此以外,还可使用苯偶酰、O-苯甲酰基甲酸甲酯、丙烯化二苯甲酮、噻吨酮、3-香豆满酮、2-乙基蒽醌、樟脑醌、米希勒酮、四(叔丁基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮等中的一种或者选自其中2种以上的混合物,或者与裂解类光自由基引发剂的混合物等。
光自由基引发剂的含量,相对于(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物,较好在0.01-1.0重量%的范围内,若从厚膜固化性、透明性和经时稳定性考虑,较好在0.05-0.5重量%。
作为用于形成(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,即,作为烷基丙烯酸酯或者烷基甲基丙烯酸酯成分,可用烷基选自正辛基、异辛基、2-乙基己基、正丁基、异丁基、甲基、乙基、异丙基中的一种的烷基丙烯酸酯或者烷基甲基丙烯酸酯的一种或者选自其中的2种以上的混合物。作为其他的成分,也可将具有羧基、羟基、甘油基等有机官能团的丙烯酸酯或者甲基丙烯酸酯共聚。
将适当选择、组合上述烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯成分和具有有机官能团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯成分的单体成分作为起始原料,进行加热聚合而制得。
为了制得室温下可制造品质良好的层压体的柔软的粘合片,按照申请2、3记载的那样,交联前的(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物特性较好具有如下的熔融粘度及/或Tg。
(a)(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物在130℃时的熔融粘度是5万-50万(mPa·s)。
(b)(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物的Tg在-20℃以下。
聚合制得的(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物的熔融粘度和Tg,可用レオメトリツクス公司制造的粘弹性测定装置流变仪(ダイナミツクアナライザ)-RDA-II进行测定。
测定熔融粘度时,读取在平行板25mm直径、偏差2%、130℃、0.02Hz的条件下测定时的粘度(η*)值。
测定Tg时,读取在平行板25mm直径、偏差2%、频率为1Hz条件下测定时显示出Tanδ的极大值的温度。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物的熔融粘度较好是5万-50万(mPa·s)的范围,Tg较好在-20℃以下。熔融粘度未满5万(mPa·s),不能获得厚膜成形时的厚度精度,或者造成交联片不具有足够的柔软性。若熔融粘度超过50万(mPa·s),很难进行热熔融加工。
Tg高于-20℃时,会引起层压体低温下耐久性下降。
从柔软性和耐久性出发,熔融粘度更好在15万-40万(mPa·s)、Tg更好被调制到-60~-40℃范围。
在上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物内含有提取氢类的光自由基引发剂,可制得热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂。
透明粘合片可通过将上述粘合剂成形为通常厚度为0.05-2mm的片状后,照射紫外线,使其交联而成。片状的成形通常采用层叠在脱模薄膜上的方式形成,较好如实施例例示那样,将熔融状态的透明粘合剂夹于2片脱模薄膜(至少一方是透明性的脱模薄膜)之间形成。通过透明的薄膜,照射紫外线进行交联,可制得透明粘合片。
申请4记载的本发明的热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合片是具有获得粘合耐久性所需的理想的粘合片的保持力(凝集力)的,热熔融成形上述粘合剂后,照射紫外线,使其交联而成的粘合片,其在40℃时的保持力是1.0-13mm的位移长度。
这里,该保持力是通过将38μmPET薄膜背面粘附在粘合片上,而该粘合片是在将粘合剂成形为0.5mm厚度后,使其紫外线交联而成的,其后,采用JISZ 0237规定的SUS板,以面积20mm×20mm使其接合,测定40℃环境下,在沿着SUS板的板面的方向上施加4.9N负荷2小时后的位移长度而得到。
若保持力的位移未满1.0mm时,凝集力增大,在为不同板材的层压体时,冷热试验中不能吸收线膨胀系数,产生弯曲、剥离和破裂。若位移在13mm以上,凝集力减小,层压的板位移脱落,或粘合片起泡,致使外观变差。较好调节到5mm-10mm的范围内,可更大程度满足层压后的耐久性。
申请5所述的本发明内,用上述的透明粘合片作为中间层,在至少一面上层压透明玻璃板或者合成树脂板而成层压体。
与以往的复合玻璃这类的透明层压体采用2片的玻璃板和热塑性树脂或者液态粘合剂不同,本发明是通过采用室温环境下可接合的柔软的粘合片而制得层压体。
例如,采用上述透明粘合片,至少2片以上将玻璃板和玻璃板、玻璃板和合成树脂板或者合成树脂板和合成树脂板层压,而形成的透明层压体构成制得本发明的层压体。2片以上的层压结构可按照玻璃板/合成树脂板/玻璃板、合成树脂板/玻璃板/合成树脂板等方式交替层压。透明的层压体或者仅一面为透明板的层压体具有良好的透明性。例如,只要一面是透明板,其他一面可以是不透明的金属板和具有美观性的板等,不限于板,也可用薄膜和薄片。在一面不需要设置透明板的情况下,也采用本发明的透明粘合剂,形成为金属板/金属板等的层压体。
有各种层压体的制作方法,可利用不采用高压釜的层压方法,列举如下方法:
首先,在构成层压体的一板状体上粘附预先制好的本发明的透明粘合片,然后抽成真空后,隔着粘合剂面将另一板状体进行压制层压的方法。
还有首先在构成层压体的一板状体上粘附预先制好的本发明的透明粘合片,然后将另一板状体送入它和夹辊之间,使两板在夹辊之间隔着粘合剂面开始接触,用辊的压力一边将气泡压出,一边将两板连续层压在一起的方法。
如上所述可制得具有良好品质的层压体。
以上对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但是,本发明不限于上述的实施方式,只要在本发明的要旨的范围内,可进行各种变形和添加等。
实施例
以下就实施例进行说明,但本发明不限于这些实施例。
(实施例1)
在100重量份的丙烯酸酯共聚物中,添加0.1重量份的提取氢类的光自由基引发剂二苯甲酮,熔融搅拌,形成透明粘合剂,将其夹入厚度为75μm和100μm的脱模PET内,热熔融成形为厚度0.5mm的片状,用高压汞灯,透过脱模PET以单面总光量为3600mJ/cm2进行表里照射,制得透明粘合片。总光量是通过在オ-ク制作所制得的UV-M10的UV3t感应器中装入X19滤光片而测得的。
所用的丙烯酸酯共聚物的组分是丙烯酸正丁酯:78.4重量%、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯:19.6重量%、丙烯酸:2.0重量%,由这些组分共聚而成,Tg为-40℃,130℃熔融粘度为25万(mPa·s)。
采用上述粘合片作为中间膜形成用片材,以如下所述的方法制得透明层压体。制成时的温度条件在室温(20℃)以下。
制造方法是:将一片预先于80℃下干燥过的市场出售的聚碳酸酯(PC)板(厚度5mm、宽300mm、长度600m),和一面已剥离了脱模薄膜的中间膜用粘合片送入夹辊和驱动辊之间,它们在辊之间进行初次接触,以线压为9.8N/cm、速度为5m/分粘合后,剥离剩余的脱模薄膜。
然后,在将贴有上述粘合片的PC板,隔着粘合片与市面出售的浮法玻璃板(厚度3mm、宽300mm、长度600mm)相对,相互不接触的状态下,将2片板的端部送入,使两板在夹辊和驱动辊之间进行初次接触,利用夹辊(线压为294N/cm、速度为0.5m/分)施压,制得透明层压体。
(实施例2)
在实施例1所用的丙烯酸酯共聚物100重量份中,添加0.15重量份的作为光引发剂的チバ·スペシヤリテイ·ケミカルズ公司制造的イルガキユア500(提取氢类的引发剂的二苯甲酮/裂解型光引发剂イルガキユア184=50/50商标产品),熔融搅拌,形成透明粘合剂,将其夹入厚度为75μm和100μm的脱模PET内,热熔融成形为厚度0.5mm的片状,用高压汞灯,透过脱模PET以单面总光量为3600mJ/cm2进行表里照射,制得透明粘合片。其他条件与实施例1同样,进行。
采用上述制得的透明粘合片,以与实施例1同样的方法制得透明层压体。
(实施例3)
在丙烯酸酯的组成与实施例1一样,熔融粘度被调制为40万(mPa·s)的丙烯酸酯共聚物100重量份中,熔融搅拌0.1重量份的二苯甲酮后,以与实施例1同样的方法制得透明粘合片和透明层压体。
(比较例1)
在实施例1所用的丙烯酸酯共聚物100重量份中,熔融搅拌1.0重量份的作为光引发剂的裂解类光自由基引发剂的チバ·スペシヤリテイ·ケミカルズ公司制造的イルガキユア184后,以与实施例1同样的方法制得透明粘合片和透明层压体。
(比较例2)
在实施例1所用的丙烯酸酯共聚物100重量份内,熔融搅拌1.2重量份的作为光引发剂的チバ·スペシヤリテイ·ケミカルズ公司制造的イルガキユア500后,以与实施例1同样的方法制得透明粘合片和透明层压体。
(比较例3)
在实施例1所用的丙烯酸酯共聚物100重量份内,熔融搅拌0.008重量份的作为光引发剂的イルガキユア500后,以与实施例1同样的方法制得透明粘合片和透明层压体。
(比较例4)
在使丙烯酸酯的组成为丙烯酸正丁基酯:70重量%、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯:5重量%、丙烯酸:25重量%共聚、Tg被调制成-10℃、130℃熔融粘度为10万(mPa·s)而成的100重量份的丙烯酸酯共聚物中,熔融搅拌0.8重量份的作为光引发剂的イルガキユア500后,以与实施例1同样的方法制得透明粘合片和透明层压体。
(比较例5)
在丙烯酸酯的组成与实施例1一样,熔融粘度被调制为4万(mPa·s)的丙烯酸酯共聚物100重量份中,熔融搅拌1.0重量份的イルガキユア500后,以与实施例1同样的方法制得透明粘合片和透明层压体。
(试验和评价)
通过上述测定方法对制成的粘合片进行40℃保持力的测定,对透明层压体,对-20~80℃下以冲击(4次循环/日)循环进行2周试验后的层压体进行外观观察,表1显示了上述结果。外观观察的评价为○是满足无发泡、无剥离、无板位移的情况。
表1
  丙烯酸酯共聚物   保持力   外观观察
  熔融粘度(mPa·s)   Tg(℃)
 实施例1   25万   -40   10mm   ○
 实施例2   25万   -40   5mm   ○
 实施例3   40万   -40   5mm   ○
 比较例1   25万   -40   30秒落下   有发泡、有板位移
 比较例2   25万   -40   0.8mm   有剥离
 比较例3   25万   -40   15mm   有板位移
 比较例4   10万   -10   5mm   有剥离
 比较例5   4万   -40   5mm   有剥离
从表1结果可知:采用实施例1-3的各透明粘合片的情况下,可室温下进行层压加工,可制得外观良好,还具有良好的耐久性的层压体,与此相反,通过采用不满足本发明的申请1所述的构造的粘合剂制成的比较例1-3的各透明粘合片,保持力、外观观察都没获得好的结果。而不具有申请2或3所述构成的比较例4、5,虽然保持力上是良好的,但在外观观察中,产生剥离。
产业上利用的可能性
通过本发明可提供一种热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂、透明粘合片和使用该粘合片而成的层压体;该粘合剂、粘合片具有可在室温下简便地进行合成树脂板和玻璃板的粘合,而不需用高压釜进行高温·高压处理,而且很难产生板位移等的良好品质。

Claims (5)

1.热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂,其特征在于,在(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物中,至少含有0.01-1.0重量%的光自由基引发剂中的提取氢类的光自由基引发剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂,其特征在于,上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物在130℃时的熔融粘度是5万-50万(mPa·s)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合剂,其特征在于,上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物的Tg在-20℃以下。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项所述的热熔型紫外线交联透明粘合片,它是在将上述粘合剂热熔成形后,照射紫外线,使其交联而成的粘合片,其特征在于,它在40℃时的保持力是1.0-13mm的位移长度。
5.层压体,其特征在于,用权利要求4所述的透明粘合片作为中间层,在至少一面上层压透明玻璃板或者合成树脂板而成。
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