CN1479680A - 复合能量吸收器 - Google Patents
复合能量吸收器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1479680A CN1479680A CNA028022831A CN02802283A CN1479680A CN 1479680 A CN1479680 A CN 1479680A CN A028022831 A CNA028022831 A CN A028022831A CN 02802283 A CN02802283 A CN 02802283A CN 1479680 A CN1479680 A CN 1479680A
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- energy absorbing
- gamma
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Abstract
一个复合模块能量吸收组件,具有一个或多个伽玛结构100,该伽玛结构100中插入有一个或多个德耳塔结构200。该伽玛结构具有一个基础12’和多个限定在其间的凹槽16’。该凹槽16’具有至少一个从相连的基础12’延伸出来的壁20’。至少一些凹槽16’的取向使得它们的壁大致平行于冲击力的主入射分量。该壁20’倒塌。德耳塔结构200具有一个由相互连接的股形成的网格210,所述股相交以限定出多个小室220。这些小室中的至少一些的平面大致平行于冲击力。网格在能量吸收过程中倒塌。复合组件用于使冲击到其上的物体减速,以便在给定距离上使能量吸收最大化。在替代实施例中,堆叠配置包括:单独的伽玛结构;或者单独的德耳塔结构。
Description
1.发明所属的技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使碰撞所述吸收器的物体减速的复合能量吸收器。
2.背景技术
现有技术公开了多种用于各种用途的吸收机械能的装置。例如,用于运输容器中的保护包装、保护头盔、缓冲器和汽车内部的构件。理想上,最有效的能量吸收器可以施于一个恒定的阻力以便在碰撞物体移动到吸收器入射表面的整个距离中对碰撞物体进行减速。最有效的曲线具有恒定的零斜度。例如,弹性固体可以多次用作弹簧,其受力-偏转曲线基本上为具有给定斜度的直线。许多泡沫材料显示出了类似的受力-偏转曲线,尽管该曲线通常不具有恒定的斜度。
题目为“Thermoformed Plastic Energy Absorber For Vehicles”的U.S.专利No.3,933,387涉及一种能量吸收介质,公开了从塑料原件的层叠片延伸出来的全等的截锥,所述塑料原件相互啮合并且相互支持。(Id.,Col.1,II.7-9;Col.3,II.20-22.)该参考文献指出,多组片材可以被相互相邻地堆叠起来,以便形成一个在其中吸收能量的吸能器。各片材的锥形凸出于所设计的对向片材的四边形上,并且各锥形的边缘与所围绕的四个锥形的相应边缘接触(Id.,Col.3,II.32-36)
题目为“Energy Absorbing Structure”的共同所有的U.S.专利No.5,700,545公开了一种能量吸收装置,该能量吸收装置在整个偏转距离中提供近似恒定的阻力,其中,如果是精确地恒定,则在理论上对于吸收能量将是最有效的。该专利公开在此被结合作为参考。利用一个用材料的相互连接起来的股形成的其间带有孔的网格吸收能量,以便随着网格的变形至少部分聚结在一起并且所述孔至少部分被封闭。
共同所有的U.S.专利No.6,017,084公开了一种多股结构,所述多个结构的取向使得几乎所有的金属结构基本上处于压碎面中。多股结构的带材被入射构件连接起来。这减少了成本和组件的重量。
共同所有的U.S.专利No.6,199,942公开了一种结构,其中,多股金属被组装到一个基座的通道中和/或一个形成于该基座中的凹槽结构中。任意一种结构或两种结构都可以提供冲击保护。
这些和其它吸收构件在汽车中用于保护汽车所有者,并且可以用于达到在此被结合作为参考的汽车内部头部伤害保护标准(联邦机动车安全标准201)。该标准要求,必须使用一个以15mph冲击表面的10lbm的头模对内部构件进行测试。HIC(d)(头部伤害标准(假人))的测试是根据在FMVSS201中提到的公式确定的。HIC(d)的值应当不超过1000。
现有技术中未解决的生产问题主要源于成本相对较贵并且有些情况下不能有效地实现。注塑、反应模塑、挤压、吹塑、蜂窝成型和多股金属制造可能相对较昂贵。另外,利用某些模塑技术可能难以模塑出非常薄的壁厚。
根据这些和相关的方法,仍然存在着以尽可能小的变形距离吸收尽可能多的冲击能量的需要,同时所需重量尽可能小,并且还能够令人满意的经济条件下进行制造。
发明的概述
本发明的目的是提供一种成本有效性更高的高效能量吸收器。
本发明包括一种复合模块能量吸收组件,其包含有在此被称为“伽玛”和“德耳塔”结构的插入结构。伽玛结构具有一个底座和一个限定在该底座中的凹槽。凹槽包括一个从该底座延伸出来的壁。在某些情况下,所述壁局部塑性和弹性倒塌,以便随着变形提供一些回弹。伽玛结构与共同所属的U.S.专利号6,199,942中所描述的第二结构类似。
德耳塔结构位于可操作性地与伽玛结构配合。德耳塔结构具有一个由相互连接的股形成的网格所述股相交以确定出小室。一些小室沿一个基本平行于冲击力的平面取向。与伽玛结构类似,在能量吸收过程中,小室部分塑性和部分弹性倒塌。在一个给定距离上,由德耳塔结构进行的能量吸收被最大化。
附图的简单说明
图1是根据本发明制造的模块能量吸收组件的四分之一透视图;
图2是其底部平面图;
图3是图2所示的本发明沿其3-3线的剖视图;
图4是所公开的发明的一个替代实施例的四分之一透视图;
图5是图4所示实施例沿其5-5线的剖视图;
图6是所公开的发明的第二个替代实施例的四分之一透视图;
图7是图6的实施例的沿7-7线的剖视图;
图8是所公开的发明的第三个替代实施例的四分之一透视图;
图9是图8所示实施例的沿9-9线的剖视图;
图10是包含插入的伽玛和德耳塔结构的复合模块能量吸收组件的端部正视图;
图11是其顶部正视图;
图12是其底部正视图;
图13是本发明的一个替代实施例的局部剖视图,其中,两个伽玛结构的相邻基础被相互可操作配合地放置,并且,相连的基底被分隔开;
图14是巢状伽玛结构的局部剖视图,其中,相邻伽玛结构的基底被叠置并且相关的基础被叠置;并且
图15是另一个替代实施例的局部剖视图,其中,相邻伽玛结构的基底被叠置。
优选实施例的详细说明
首先,参照附图的图1~3,其中表示出了一个模块能量吸收组件10,该组件具有一个基础12和至少一个能量吸收模块14,所述能量吸收模块14与用于提供组件变形的基础相连。图1~3表示的被称作“伽玛”结构11(图10~12)。各能量吸收模块14具有多个凹槽16,所述凹槽16被限定在所述基础中并且与所述基础形成一体。至少一些凹槽具有大致平直或穹形的基底18,以及至少一个从基底向基础延伸的壁。一个中间段22插入到基底18和该至少一个壁之间。中间段具有一个平均半径(R)或者可以是非圆形的(在此称为“曲线的”)。应当清楚,在许多应用中,模块能量吸收组件10可以在一个反转位置上令人满意地工作。
至少一些凹槽的取向使得它们的基底大致与冲击力的主入射分量24(图3)垂直。在一个给定的凹槽中,所述壁相对于冲击力的主入射分量以角度(α)倾斜。所述角度(α)的选择在零到45度之间,以便使整个给定距离上由所述壁吸收的能量最大化。在能量吸收过程中,所述壁至少部分倒塌,并且在某些情况下,至少一些凹槽被至少局部压缩或破坏。在一个由相邻凹槽提供的相互支撑所形成的协同方式中,所述组件用于使以入射力冲击于其上的物体减速。当所述壁倒塌时,发生一定的弹性变形,从而随着最初的变形至少部分地提供“回弹”。
因此,本发明包含一个具有形成于其中的凹槽的材料片。所述片材在制成凹槽之后保持连续。优选地,该凹槽与基础以及所述凹槽形成于其上的片材形成一体或整体。当选择热成型作为制造方法时,可以理解邻近基础的壁厚小于邻近给定凹槽的基底的壁厚。
接着,参考图3,伽玛结构的凹槽18具有被分开一定距离(S)的假想的中心线(C)。图3中实施例所示的凹槽平均深度由字母(D)表示。参考字母(d)表示与相邻凹槽连通的通道26的平均深度。所述凹槽进一步由在基础或基础平面上测量的表示凹槽直径的参考字母(W)来表征。如所示,所述基础具有由参考字母(T)表示的厚度。另一个设计变量是表征具有通道26的壁20的连接的半径(r)(图3)。
从图1和3中将注意到,壁20由给定凹槽的基底18连接,同时,相邻凹槽的壁由基础12或通道26连接。
接着,参考图3,线24表示冲击力的主入射分量,所述壁20相对于该分量倾斜角度(α),其中(α)在1°和45°之间。在操作中,所述壁至少一部分倒塌(或由于被破坏而使结构的完整性受到损失)。在能量吸收过程中,一些或所有凹槽被局部弹性压缩,同时使撞击到其上的物体减速。
在一个优选实施例中,至少一个壁总体上形成一个截锥面,并且所述中间段具有大约0.5mm的平均直径。
冲击测试表现出良好的结果,其中,(D)与(W)的比在大约0.5和0.3之间,而(W)与(S)的比在大约0.2和0.7之间。当凹槽进一步被表征为深度(D)与侧面厚度(T)的比在大约4和20之间时,获得良好的结果。根据特定应用的能量吸收要求,通道(d)的深度可以达到凹槽的深度(D)。
在各种应用中,实验已经揭示出,对于凹槽的一种给定几何形状,中间凹槽的间隔(S)会影响特定的变形特征。优选地,当从冲击物体的方向观察时,至少一些凹槽的假想中心(C)位于等边三角形的顶点。
现在,转到图4~5,其中表示出了本发明的伽玛结构的一个替代实施例,其中,采用结构加强肋而不是通道连接凹槽中的至少一些。
在本优选实施例中,可以利用各种深度(d)和形状的通道26(图3)将凹槽连接起来。通常,通道26形成为它们的深度(d)小于在基础12之下的基底18的深度(D)。
现在,转到图6~7,其中表示出了本发明的伽玛结构的第二个替代实施例。在本实施例中,模块能量吸收组件包括两个或更多相互倾斜角度(β)的模块30、32。在模块32中,凹槽20’由垂直于基础12延伸的假想线C’-C’表征,以便(与模块30、32相关的)轴C’-C’和C-C平行。观察图6~7将会清楚,角度(β)实质上确定出了相交平面的斜度。然而,实际上,交叉的模块30、32的基础可以沿一个弯曲或连接线离散地不相交,而是由一个曲线相交段(未示出)连接。还应当理解,通过折叠模块30的基础12的一部分可以形成模块32,以便轴线C’-C’可以相对于轴线C-C倾斜。
凹槽可以形成为截头锥、部分椭圆体、部分双曲线体或类似结构,并且可以在一个给定的能量吸收组件中形成混合形状。或者,至少一些凹槽形成杯形、锥形、截头锥体、多面体、四面体、三棱形和平行六面体。
接着,参照图7,在第一个模块(左手侧)中,一个角度(α)表示壁20相对于一个作为代表的凹槽的中心线C的倾斜角度。在第二个模块中,角度(γ)代表壁20’相对于冲击力24’主入射分量的倾斜度。
根据所公开的内容可以清楚,通过采用适当的凹槽深度(D)、通道深度(d)、凹槽之间的间隔(S)、壁的倾斜度(α、γ)、模块之间的倾斜度(β)和凹槽形状,可以将所公开的模块能量吸收组件的能量吸收特性设置成适合于特定应用的需要。
现在,转到图8~9,其中表示出了本发明的伽玛结构的另一个替代实施例,其中,模块能量吸收组件10包含有以一定间隔设置的凹槽,所述间隔包含穿过基础12的不规则的中心到中心的距离。在图9中,凹槽的深度由参考字母D’、D”、D等表示。凹槽之间的间隔由参考字母S’、S”、S等表示。用户化的倾斜角度由符号α’和α”表示。
在另一个替代实施例中,一个或多个沟槽或钩爪(未示出)结构被大体限定在所述基础12中,以便线材、管材等可以被容纳于其中,并且可以通过组装提供一个或更多流体导管。
前面已经提到了定量验收标准,该标准要求根据FMVSS201公式计算出的HIC(d)的值应当不超过1000。下表对所公开的发明的HIC(d)值和比较产品所显示出的值进行比较。
降落塔HIC(d)性能
基线硬度=1500HIC(d);样品高度=20mm
能量吸收器 | HIC(d) |
本发明 | 927 |
聚氨酯类泡沫(现有技术)(5.5lb ft-3) | 1024 |
上面也参考了在相邻能量吸收模块之间形成一个或更多弯曲线,以便与能量吸收组件安装于其上的基片或结构的突然轮廓变化相一致。这种轴线的目的是使能量吸收模块的一个假想中心线基本垂直于一个反作用表面。根据冲击的环境,这些轴线或者可以沿基础(基础平面)延伸,或者可以沿连接凹槽和/或肋的假想线延伸。
制造本发明所公开的实施例的一个优选技术是采用从一个热塑性片材开始的热成型工艺。可以采用多种尺寸和厚度的多种类型的热塑性树脂。用于所公开的热塑性工艺的适当材料包括:丙烯腈二乙烯丁二烯(ABS)树脂、乙酸盐、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯(低或高密度)、聚丙烯、聚合酯、和聚氯乙烯(PVC)。其它适当的材料包括具有令人满意的凝固范围和软化特性的任何热塑性材料。
片材的厚度(T)不仅影响热成型工艺的步骤和所制造的模块能量吸收组件的特性,而且还显著影响制造成本。通常,采用重量越轻、越薄规格的塑料,则生产在此所公开的类型的组件所需的材料越少。相反,采用较重规格的材料需要更多的材料,这样会增加成本。其它的事情是一样的,通过适当地选择在此讨论的设计因素,可以实现制造的经济性并同时生产出被设置成适合于特定操作环境的需要的能量吸收组件。
热压成型允许具有相对较薄的壁厚的伽玛结构。为了通过其它方式、例如注塑成型实现薄壁部分,需要采用具有相对较高的熔体流动的聚合体、热模、延长的凝固时间和其它调节,这将增加制造成本。
在被结合在此作为参考的J.Florian,PRACTICAL THERMOFORMING,2d Ed.(1996),Chs.2-5中发现了一个有用的传统热压成型技术的摘要。
在一个优选实施例中,复合模块能量吸收组件包括一个或多个伽玛结构100(图10)。至少一个伽玛结构具有一个基础12’。多个凹槽16’被限定在基础12’内。至少一些凹槽16’具有一个或多个从相连的基础12’延伸出来的壁20’。一些或全部凹槽16’具有一个基底18’,所述基底18’在其中可以或者不限定出一个孔(未示出)。
图11~12最佳地表示出一个或多个德耳塔结构200处于与至少一些伽玛结构100操作性地配合的位置上。在一个实施例中,至少一些德耳塔结构200具有一个相互连接的股形成的网格210。所述股相互相交以确定出多个小室220。至少一些小室的取向使得各小室的平面基本平行于冲击力F(图10),以便在给定距离上使能量吸收最大化。网格部分地塑性倒塌并且部分地弹性恢复。至少一些小室220在能量吸收过程中被局部封闭。
应当理解,相互插入的伽玛和德耳塔结构大量结合可以有效地实现所公开的复合模块能量吸收组件的能量吸收特性。例如,堆叠设置可以包括:一个或更多插入有一个或更多德耳塔结构的伽玛结构,单独的伽玛结构,或单独的德耳塔结构。
因此,所公开的复合模块能量吸收组件与采用单一结构相比,可以提供更有效的能量吸收器。
在一些实施例中,德耳塔结构与在共同所有的U.S.专利号6,199,942中的第一个结构中描述的类似。在包含在所公开的本发明范围内的替代实施例中,股的网格可以构成槽口形的、螺旋形的、或者锯齿形的(如在共同所有的U.S.专利号6,199,942(图1)中所描述的那样),或者构成适于实现高效能量吸收目的的其它形状。
在一个实施例中,复合模块能量吸收组件包括一个插入于伽玛和德耳塔结构之间的声阻尼器300。
在一个替代实施例中,凸起310(图10)从伽玛结构100的一个或更多基础上延伸出来。各个凸起310被插入到至少一些伽玛和德耳塔结构之间,并且用于减少噪音和在其间提供一个缓冲结构。或者,一个或更多凸起310被插入到伽玛结构100和支撑结构或基片(未示出)之间,复合模块能量吸收组件与所述支撑结构或基片可操作地配合。
接着,参照图13~15,应当理解,可以堆叠一个或多个伽玛结构100,以便相邻伽玛结构的基础12’相互并列。图13是一个局部剖视图,其中,两个伽玛结构的相邻基础12’相互可操作配合地放置,并且,相连的基底18’被间隔开。
图14是巢状伽玛结构的剖视图,其中,相邻伽玛结构的基底18’被叠置并且相邻基础12’被叠置。
可选择地,如图15所示,模块能量吸收组件可以由一个或多个伽玛结构组成,所述伽玛结构被堆叠起来,以便伽玛结构的基底18’的顶侧与相邻的反转过来的伽玛结构的基底18’的顶侧叠置起来。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,至少一些凹槽至少部分地填充有非空气的同质或异质的介质。例如,一些凹槽至少局部填充有丸粒。优选地,这种丸粒或珠子可以由树脂、玻璃或其它陶瓷材料形成。至少局部填充到一些凹槽中的介质的其它例子非限定性地包括:肋或通道、泡沫和其它流体。已经发现,这些结构以有利的方式改变倒塌的动力学特性,同时加强了复合模块能量吸收组件的结构。
在另一个实施例中,该流体包括容纳在一个气囊中的空气,所述气囊装在一个凹槽中。或者,该凹槽本身可以用于容纳所述流体。
如前面提到的那样,图13~15表示堆叠的锥形的替代结构。在一系列实验中,对总高度大约40毫米的吸收器的不同结构的性能进行观察。主要的目的是确定两个堆叠的20毫米试样的各种堆叠布置的相对冲击性能。在图13中表示出了一个堆叠布置。该堆叠试样被布置在一个串联位置中,所述锥形在平面视图中是串联的,或者错开。对40毫米夹层试样(与图14中所示的结构类似)的性能、和40毫米高锥形试样(与图14中表示的类似)的性能进行比较。如图15所示,将两个伽玛结构堆叠起来以便一个伽玛结构的基底顶侧与相邻的反转的伽玛结构的基底顶侧叠置起来,对两个伽玛结构的性能进行观察。
为了评价该替代结构的性能,头部伤害标准(HIC(d))被确定采用以15mph进行强制头形冲击的降落塔测试。结果表明,表现最佳者包括两个堆叠起来的20毫米高的试样,所述试样带有相互面对且远离的锥形(图13)。结果发现,夹层试样(图14)效果良好,但是是次优的。
在其它试验中表明,为了使HIC(d)最佳化,该结构可以堆叠成锥形指向相互远离且具有大致相同厚度。
虽然已经解释和描述了本发明的实施例,但是这些实施例并非解释和描述本发明的所有可能形式。在本说明书中采用的用语是说明性的而不是限定性的,并且,应当理解,在不超出本发明的主旨和范围的情况下,可以进行各种变化。
Claims (22)
1、一种复合模块能量吸收组件,包括:
一个或多个伽玛结构,至少一个伽玛结构具有:
一个基础;和
多个限定在该基础中的凹槽,至少多个凹槽中的一些具有
至少一个从相连的基础延伸的壁,其中,至少多个凹槽中的一些的取向使得它们的壁以角度阿尔法相对于冲击力的主入射分量倾斜,阿尔法在0到45度之间,和
一个或多个与所述一个或多个伽玛结构的至少一些可操作配合的德耳塔结构,至少一个德耳塔具有:
相互连接的股形成的网格,所述股相交以确定出多个小室,至少一些小室的取向使得至少一些小室的平面相对于冲击力的主分量倾斜一定角度,该角度在0到45度之间以在给定距离上使能量吸收最大化,至少一些小室在能量吸收过程中被至少部分地封闭;
复合组件用于使冲击到其上的物体减速以在给定距离上使能量吸收最大化。
2、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:一个插在至少伽玛结构和德耳塔结构的一些的一部分之间的声阻尼器。
3、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:一个与至少伽玛结构和德耳塔结构的一些的一部分相邻设置的声阻尼器。
4、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:
一个从一个或多个基础延伸出来的凸起,该凸起被插在至少一些伽玛结构和德耳塔结构之间,所述凸起用于减少噪音和在所述结构之间提供缓冲配置。
5、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:
一个从一个或多个基础延伸出来的凸起,所述凸起用于减少噪音,并且在所述结构和一个与复合能量吸收组件相邻的结构之间提供缓冲配置。
6、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:
一个从一个或多个凹槽延伸出来的凸起,所述凸起插在至少一些伽玛结构和德耳塔结构之间,所述凸起用于减小噪音和在所述结构之间提供缓冲配置。
7、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:
一个从一个或多个凹槽延伸出来的凸起,该凸起用于减小噪音,并且在复合模块能量吸收组件和一个与其相邻的结构之间提供缓冲配置。
8、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,所述基础确定一个或多个弯曲线。
9、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:一个连接机构,以利于所述组件与一个或多个其它结构的稳定。
10、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:一个支撑表面,所述一个或多个基础安装在该支撑表面上,该支撑表面从包括支柱、头部横梁、仪表面板、座、座椅靠背、座椅反潜斜面、整体座位限制机构、门板、门安装部件或梁、穹面灯、操作台、支柱安装安全装置、标题制作器(headliner)、保险杠横梁、保险杠固定件、膝垫、和一个方向盘轴的组中选出。
11、如权利要求1所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,进一步包括:一个支撑表面,一个或多个基础安装在该支撑表面上,该支撑表面从包括头盔、儿童座椅、儿童车、安全罩和减振器的组中选出。
12、一种复合模块能量吸收组件,包括:
一个或多个伽玛结构,至少一个伽玛结构具有:
一个基础;和
多个限定在该基础中的凹槽,至少多个凹槽中的一些具有
一个基底;和
至少一个在基础和基底之间的壁,
其中,多个凹槽中的至少一些的取向使得它们的壁相对于冲击力的主入射分量倾斜一个角度阿尔法,其中阿尔法在0到45度之间。
13、如权利要求12所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,至少一些基底在其中限定一个孔。
14、如权利要求12所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,至少一些凹槽形成杯形、锥形、截头圆锥体、多面体、四面体、三棱形、平行六面体、截圆锥形、部分椭圆体、部分双曲线体和这些形状的混合形状。
15、如权利要求12所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,一个或多个伽玛结构被堆叠起来以便相邻伽玛结构的基础相互叠置。
16、如权利要求12所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,一个或多个伽玛结构被堆叠起来以便相邻伽玛结构的基底相互叠置。
17、如权利要求12所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,一个或多个伽玛结构被堆叠起来以便伽玛结构的基底顶侧与相邻的反转过来的伽玛结构的基底顶侧叠置起来。
18、一种复合模块能量吸收组件,包括:
一个或多个伽玛结构,至少一个伽玛结构具有:
一个基础;和
多个限定在该基础中的凹槽,多个凹槽中的至少一些具有
至少一个从所述基础延伸的壁,
其中,至少多个凹槽中的一些的取向使得它们的壁相对于冲击力的主入射分量倾斜一个角度阿尔法,其中,阿尔法在0到45度之间。
19、如权利要求18所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,至少一些凹槽中至少部分地填充有流体。
20、如权利要求18所述的复合模块能量吸收组件,其中,至少一些凹槽至少部分地填充有丸粒。
21、如权利要求19所述的模块能量吸收组件,其中,所述流体包括:至少部分配置于能量吸收模块中的填充材料,该填充材料从包括丸粒材料、颗粒材料、泡沫、气体和它们的混合物的组中选出。
22、一种复合模块能量吸收组件,包括:
一个或多个相互可操作配合的德耳塔结构,至少一个德耳塔结构具有:
一个相互连接的股形成的网格,所述股相交以便限定出多个小室,至少一些小室的取向使得至少一些小室的平面相对于冲击力的主分量倾斜一定角度,其中,该角度在0到45度之间,以便在给定的距离上使能量吸收最大化,至少一些小室在能量吸收过程中至少被部分地封闭。
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2009
- 2009-03-19 JP JP2009068720A patent/JP2009257584A/ja active Pending
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2012
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009257584A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
WO2002102460A2 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
AU2002344847B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US6682128B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 |
EP1404549A2 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
EP1404549A4 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
JP2012233583A (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
WO2002102460A3 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
JP2014122703A (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
KR20030031983A (ko) | 2003-04-23 |
US20020017805A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
JP2005514560A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
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