CN1346704A - 氧化催化剂 - Google Patents
氧化催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1346704A CN1346704A CN01141260A CN01141260A CN1346704A CN 1346704 A CN1346704 A CN 1346704A CN 01141260 A CN01141260 A CN 01141260A CN 01141260 A CN01141260 A CN 01141260A CN 1346704 A CN1346704 A CN 1346704A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALEROMXYYSQFLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-methylpentyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC(C)C ALEROMXYYSQFLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper chromite Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Cu]=O.O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CXJOEMLCEGZVPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoisopropyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O CXJOEMLCEGZVPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
特别适用于将有机化合物例如烃完全氧化为二氧化碳和水的氧化催化剂,其含有铜、锰以及一种或多种稀土金属的混合氧化物,其中金属可以呈多价状态,其重量百分组成用CuO、MnO和稀土氧化物表示,其中金属具有的最小值为8-50%,10-75%和2-15%。这些氧化物负载于惰性多孔无机氧化物上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特别适用于将挥发性有机化合物(VOC)完全氧化为二氧化碳和水的氧化催化剂以及所述催化剂的使用方法。
所述催化剂的一个特征是VOC化合物的氧化只选择性地形成二氧化碳。对于已知类型的氧化催化剂,这是一个明显的优点。已知的氧化催化剂中,VOC化合物的燃烧伴随着一氧化碳的生成,一氧化碳除了是一种有毒的组分外,这还暗示着当VOC化合物的燃烧用于产生能量时会发生能量损失。
背景技术
用于VOC化合物的燃烧的已知氧化催化剂主要有两种类型:
a)基于贵金属的催化剂。其特征为:甚至在相对低的温度(250-450℃)下也具有高的活性,但是,其成本昂贵,而且由于这些金属的稀缺和需求的增长,其成本正呈现相当大程度地提高。这使将其用于如VOC化合物的燃烧出现了问题。
b)基于混合氧化物如亚铬酸铜和六铝酸钡,它们比含有贵金属的催化剂活性低得多,并且需要非常苛刻的操作条件;以及基于稀土复合氧化物、碱土金属和过渡金属(公开于US5242881中)或具有式La(1-x)SrxCrO3或Ba2Cu3O6的催化剂,La(1-x)SrxCrO3催化剂也用于处理内燃机的排放物(US5,286,698),Ba2Cu3O6催化剂被选择用于VOC化合物的氧化以形成二氧化碳,但因为其对于二氧化碳有高活性,所以不可逆转地倾向于钝化。
发明内容
本发明的催化剂包括铜、锰和稀土金属的混合氧化物,其中金属可以呈多价状态。以氧化物表示,其重量组成如下述:10-75%MnO,8-50%CuO和2-15%La2O3和/或在最低价态的其他稀土金属氧化物。
优选的组成为50-60%MnO,35-40%CuO,10-12%La2O3。
构成催化剂活性组分的混合氧化剂的特征为它们是P型半导体(在这些半导体中,根据Arrhenium规则,导电性随着温度呈指数增加,而且电荷向量为电子空穴)。在这些氧化物中,气体氧被化学吸附到表面上,并与晶格氧一起参与氧化反应。
这些氧化物负载于多孔无机载体,如氧化铝、二氧化硅、二氧化硅-氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化镁上。平均粒径为30-80μm的呈微球颗粒形态的γ-氧化铝是优选用于流化床反应的催化剂载体。对于固定床反应,优选使用具有固定几何形状的载体,如在叶上具有相互等距贯通孔的三叶圆柱形颗粒。颗粒的尺寸一般为高3-10mm,其圆周线直径5-10mm,而且几何面积与颗粒固体部分的体积之间的比例大于1.3mm-1。这些氧化物负载量一般为5-60重量%,优选为20-30重量%。
制备片状催化剂时,首先将载体浸渍于一种镧或铈或另外一种稀土金属盐的溶液中,载体干燥后,在温度为600℃左右焙烧。然后将载体浸渍于一种铜和锰盐的溶液中,随后在120-200℃下干燥,在最高至450℃下焙烧。
任意可溶性的盐均可使用。
盐的例子为硝酸盐、甲酸盐和乙酸盐。镧优选以硝酸镧La(NO3)3的形式使用,铜和锰优选使用其硝酸盐,分别为Cu(NO3)2和Mn(NO3)3。优选的浸渍方法是干法浸渍,所用溶液的量等于或小于载体的孔体积。
如已经提到过的,这些催化剂选择性地将VOC化合物氧化为二氧化碳,甚至当所用氧气低于氧化反应所需的化学定量的情况下,氧化一段有限的时间,这种现象仍会发生。
相对于以贵金属为基础的催化剂,本发明催化剂的特征在于大大地抵制了烧结。
例如,在1000℃的干燥空气中进行处理后,对本发明的催化剂,其完全转化温度略微增加,而对以贵金属为基础的催化剂来说,由于存在于载体上的金属粒子烧结所引起的表面区域重新熔融使得其完全转化温度显著增加。这些催化剂优选用于处理来自工厂的废气,如有机化合物生产、轮胎制造、沥青氧化、废水处理以及胶版印刷装置。这些催化剂也可用于NO和NO2的氧化。另一个特别有意义的应用是芳烃聚酯树脂(杂质主要由乙二醇组成)固态缩聚反应器气体的纯化,其中催化剂能完全氧化杂质,毫无例外地形成二氧化碳,甚至使用的氧气对于所存在杂质的甲烷当量为化学定量时也会如此。在用实施例1给出的组成为催化剂的固定床上连续加入含有1600ppm乙二醇的氮气流的试验中,发现用化学定量的氧气(每mol乙二醇用5/2mol),在310℃进行试验,空速为10000h-1情况下,乙二醇被定量脱除,对二氧化碳的选择性是完全的。
这些催化剂的另一个应用是用于发电的热电站中甲烷的催化性燃烧。在该应用中,相对于用已知类型催化剂的燃烧,这些催化剂的优点在于它们能在较低的温度下操作,并不产生NO,这就使得可以避免使用已知类型催化剂中所需的脱除NO的后处理。
下面的实施例用来说明本发明,但并不限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
实施例1
制备一种负载于γ-氧化铝的催化剂,其中混合的氧化物具有如下的组成,用氧化物的重量百分数表示如下:
La2O3=9.3
MnO=53.2
CuO=37.5
制备按下列步骤进行:首先用一种硝酸镧(La(NO3)3)水溶液浸渍γ-氧化铝载体,然后在110℃干燥,600℃下焙烧。之后将载体浸渍于一种硝酸锰(Mn(NO3)3)和硝酸铜(Cu(NO3)2)的水溶液中,随后在120-200℃下干燥,450℃焙烧。载体浸渍所用溶液量等于载体孔体积的100%。所负载氧化物的量为24.8重量%。使用片状γ-氧化铝,其形状具有三叶截面,而且在叶上具有相互等距的贯通孔的颗粒,所述孔平行于叶轴。片剂的尺寸为:高4mm,外圆周线直径4mm,孔直径2mm,壁厚1mm。
几何面积与被片剂占据固体空间的体积之间的比例为2.5mm-1。
片剂通过直接压模制备。这样得到的催化剂的表面积(BET)为98.8m2/g,孔隙率(N2法)为0.37cm2/g,表观密度为0.72g/cm3。
也可以用呈微球体形状的粉末状γ-氧化铝,微球体的平均直径为100-600μm。
负载在微球体型氧化铝上的催化剂的表面积(BET)为110.6m2/g,孔隙率为0.40cm2/g。
下面的试验主要在适合于检测浓度为数百个ppm的气态烃燃烧情况的模试装置上进行。正己烷的燃烧
在最重要的试剂中首先选择正己烷来检验催化剂的氧化能力有两个主要的原因:
1)它是一种特别抗氧化的长链直链烷烃;
2)它是一种广泛用于各种工业,包括如化学工业和印刷工业的溶剂。
预期的反应为:
第一项结果是用一种粉末状催化剂获得的,所考察的主要评价参数是催化剂的点火活性。也就是说,催化剂燃烧所存在烃量的50%时气流的温度和转化率为95%时的燃烧温度。所有的试验均在20000h-1空速下进行,这是工业装置中实际使用空速的两倍。
得到的结果如下:
试剂 | |||||
正己烷 | 氧气(体积%) | 50%转化率 | 95%转化率 | ||
温度 | 选择性 | 温度 | 选择性 | ||
2300ppm | 3.4% | 300℃ | 100% | 360℃ | 100% |
1800ppm | 3.8% | 285℃ | 100% | 330℃ | 100% |
中试试验在更加类似于工业试验的条件下进行,所用催化剂为经充分研磨和筛选的片剂,结果如下:
试剂 | |||||
正己烷 | 氧气(体积%) | 50%转化率 | 95%转化率 | ||
温度 | 选择性 | 温度 | 选择性 | ||
320ppm | 20% | 270℃ | 100% | 320℃ | 100% |
寿命实验(总时间超过1600小时)在更加接近于工业装置条件的条件下进行,又一次使用经研磨和筛选制备的片状催化剂进行中试试验。为使空速为20000h-1时空气中正己烷的浓度为320ppm,总流速设定在200cm3/min。首先在温度为380℃,气体空速为20000h-1,空气中正己烷的浓度为300ppm的情况下对催化剂连续测试850小时。在整个过程中,转化率和选择性均保持在100%。
为了检查催化剂在低温下催化剂可能的活性损失,在寿命实验期间,每周进行一次点火试验。催化剂在气流本身中被冷却到250℃,然后再次加热到正常操作温度380℃。在试验期间,结果总是保持稳定并表现出一种轻微的滞后,而且在冷却步骤和加热步骤中,点火温度分别为255℃和270℃。固定的条件维持5周后,在相同流速和浓度条件下,将试验温度首先升高到400℃,保持18小时,然后升高到420℃,保持72小时,催化剂的活性没有发生任何的变化,甚至回到起始温度后也是如此。随后发现,甚至450℃的操作温度对催化剂的活性也不会引起任何的改变。操作进行950小时后,催化剂的气体空速加倍到40000h-1,而且氧气含量降低到10体积%,在此条件下保持18小时。380℃时,在整个过程中,转化率和选择性均保持在100%。之后,为了测定有部分燃烧产物产生的较低的极限温度,在恒定总流速下,逐渐将氧气的体积含量从20%降低到0%,对催化剂进行试验,发现直到氧气的量等于正己烷燃烧所需的化学定量,转化率和选择性的值均保持在100%。当氧气的浓度为3000ppm(为化学定量值的88%)时,转化率降低到85.5%,选择性保持在100%。当氧气的量大约为氧气化学定量的一半时,转化率降低到58%,而选择性仍保持接近100%,此时存在痕量的乙烯和氢气,为脱氢反应产物。最后,把含有360ppm正己烷,不含有氧气的氦气混合物送入通过催化剂30分钟,保持其他所有反应条件不变。由于与固体结构中的晶格氧和存在于气流中痕量的氧气(约20ppm)发生反应,正己烷的转化率保持在11%。虽然发生部分脱氢反应,但既观察不到裂解,出没有观察部分氧化产物的生成。需要指出的是,在任何条件的催化试验,用气相色谱和红外检测仪均没有检测到一氧化碳的存在。
用正己烷分子进行寿命实验持续1600小时以上没有发现任何的活性衰减。邻苯二甲酸酯的燃烧
在一工业装置上使用片状催化剂,一种PVC涂膜机的废气用作污染物空气燃烧的样品气。经鉴定,污染气为乙酸、丙酸、戊酸、己酸(350mg/Nm3),邻苯二甲酸二异己基酯(300mg/Nm3),和邻苯二甲酸异丙基酯(300mg/Nm3)。气体的总流速设定在50Nm3/h,空速设定在25000h-1。在平均温度为380℃下,试验持续4周。
结果总述如下:
试验开始:
转化率为83.5%;CO2选择性为100%
试验结束:
转化率为87.O%;CO2选择性为78%丙烷的燃烧
为了与基于贵金属的商品催化剂进行比较试验,在一个模试装置上使用片状催化剂进行丙烷(为LPG混合物的基本组分)燃烧试验。
预期的反应如下:
在空速为20000h-1下,丙烷浓度设定在1400ppm,氧气浓度设定在4.2体积%,在377℃时达到点火值,而在465℃才达到完全的转化。选择性一直保持在100%。该性能可与所考察的基于贵金属的商品催化剂相媲美且在某些情况下优于它们。乙二醇的燃烧
在聚对苯二酸乙二醇酯(PET)的精制过程中,反应器出口的气体通过一种以Pt和/或Pd为基础的催化床以除去有机杂质,主要是乙二醇,将其转化为二氧化碳和水。
业已发现,本发明的催化剂能够通过使用化学定量的氧气,在310℃,空速为10000h-1条件下连续操作去除乙二醇(1600ppm)。氧化产物无一例外地形成二氧化碳和水。甲醇的燃烧
应用催化性燃烧去除化学装置气态流出物中杂质的一个例子涉及由甲醇生产甲醛的装置。
废气的典型组成如下:
二甲醚 2300ppmv
甲醛 220ppmv
甲醇 700ppmv
一氧化碳 1.6体积%
水 3.2体积%
氧气 6.5体积%
空速为大约10000h-1。
在燃烧反应器中,引入温度保持在大约260℃-270℃,各种氧化反应的强烈过热行为能够在催化床上产生超过200℃的热梯度。试验在模试装置上进行,空速为20000h-1,氧气用量(1.15体积%)显著低于工业上使用的氧气用量,一氧化碳的体积百分含量为1.8%,甲醇的含量为730ppmv。试验发现,在这些燃烧条件下,进入床的250℃的气流温度足以使所存在试剂的燃烧达到100%。
Claims (12)
1.含有铜、锰和一种或多种稀土金属的混合氧化物的氧化催化剂,其中的金属可以呈多价状态,用CuO、MnO和其中金属呈最低价的稀土氧化物表示,其重量百分组成分别为8-50%,10-75%和2-15%。
2.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其组成为35-40%CuO,50-60%MnO和10-15%La2O3。
3.根据权利要求1或2的催化剂,其中的混合氧化物负载于惰性多孔无机载体上。
4.根据权利要求3的催化剂,其中的载体具有大于0.3cm2/g的孔隙率,大于30m2/g的表面积,并选自氧化铝、二氧化硅和二氧化硅-氧化铝。
5.根据权利要求4的催化剂,其中氧化铝为呈微球形颗粒状或具有贯通孔的单或三叶圆柱环状的γ-氧化铝,其几何面积/固体体积之比大于1.3mm-1。
6.根据权利要求4、5之一的催化剂,其中负载的混合氧化物的量为5-60重量%。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的催化剂在挥发性有机化合物的燃烧中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7的催化剂的应用,其在存在于气态流出物中挥发性有机化合物的燃烧中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8的催化剂的应用,其在化学或印刷工业气态流出物中挥发性有机化合物的燃烧中的应用。
10.权利要求1-6中任一项的催化剂在芳烃聚酯树脂固态缩聚反应器出口气体的纯化中的应用。
11.根据权利要求10的催化剂的应用,其中通过使用将杂质燃烧为二氧化碳和水所需的化学定量的氧气进行纯化。
12.权利要求1-6中任一项的催化剂用于发电的热电站的燃烧炉中烃的催化性燃烧中的应用。
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CN1317075C (zh) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-05-23 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | 石油烃完全催化氧化催化剂ⅱ |
CN1322920C (zh) * | 2005-01-28 | 2007-06-27 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | 石油烃完全催化氧化催化剂 |
CN100335168C (zh) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-09-05 | 浙江大学 | 铈镧复合氧化物的制备方法 |
CN101784330B (zh) * | 2007-08-10 | 2013-03-06 | 科莱恩产品(德国)有限公司 | 用包含Cu、Mn和任选地至少一种稀土金属的混合氧化物催化剂从燃料电池的阳极废气中除去CO、H2和/或CH4的方法 |
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CN107106977A (zh) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-08-29 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于处理空气供给中存在的臭氧和挥发性有机化合物的贱金属催化剂 |
CN106179173A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-12-07 | 普尔斯菲尔株式会社 | 通过锰系混合物而氧化有害性化合物的方法及锰系混合物 |
CN109248679A (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-22 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | 一种VOCs常温降解高效催化剂及其制备与应用 |
CN109248679B (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2021-04-02 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | 一种VOCs常温降解高效催化剂及其制备与应用 |
CN110595217A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-20 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种工业炉窑高温燃烧中降解nox的方法及系统 |
CN110595217B (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-07-23 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种工业炉窑高温燃烧中降解nox的方法及系统 |
CN111744499A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-09 | 上海汇允环境科技有限公司 | 一种低温催化氧化VOCs催化剂及其制备方法及应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE60108033D1 (de) | 2005-02-03 |
KR20020028791A (ko) | 2002-04-17 |
US20040121904A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
IT1319198B1 (it) | 2003-09-26 |
JP3989216B2 (ja) | 2007-10-10 |
US20020064492A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
JP2002191978A (ja) | 2002-07-10 |
PT1197259E (pt) | 2005-02-28 |
ES2233541T3 (es) | 2005-06-16 |
EP1197259B8 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
RU2279314C2 (ru) | 2006-07-10 |
ITMI20002193A1 (it) | 2002-04-11 |
ATE285834T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
DE60108033T2 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
DK1197259T3 (da) | 2005-02-07 |
EP1197259B1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
US6833125B2 (en) | 2004-12-21 |
US6683021B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 |
EP1197259A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
CN1204968C (zh) | 2005-06-08 |
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