CN1330553A - 佐剂系统及疫苗 - Google Patents
佐剂系统及疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1330553A CN1330553A CN99814341A CN99814341A CN1330553A CN 1330553 A CN1330553 A CN 1330553A CN 99814341 A CN99814341 A CN 99814341A CN 99814341 A CN99814341 A CN 99814341A CN 1330553 A CN1330553 A CN 1330553A
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Abstract
本发明提供疫苗以及包含免疫刺激剂和金属盐的佐剂制剂。所述免疫刺激剂吸附于金属盐颗粒上,得到的颗粒基本不含抗原。
Description
本发明涉及改进的疫苗、佐剂系统以及制备这样的疫苗和佐剂系统的方法。具体地说,本发明的疫苗和佐剂系统包括金属盐以及其它免疫刺激剂如单磷酰脂质A或其衍生物、Quil A或其衍生物、或免疫刺激性寡核苷酸如CpG。
在本领域内,众所周知铝盐提供了具有佐剂活性的安全赋形剂。据认为这些佐剂的作用机制包括形成抗原储存库(antigen depot)以致抗原可以在给予后滞留在注射位点长达3周,以及形成更易被抗原呈递细胞摄入的抗原/金属盐复合物。除铝外,已经使用其它金属盐来吸附抗原,包括锌盐、钙盐、铈盐、铬盐、铁盐以及铍盐。铝的氢氧化物和磷酸盐是最常用的。
包含铝盐、抗原以及其它免疫刺激剂的疫苗制剂是本领域内已知的。比起由铝盐和抗原单独刺激的免疫反应,这样的制剂引起更强烈的免疫反应。这些疫苗制备物的配制以前涉及特殊的生产过程,因为据认为要发生最佳的免疫反应,必须使抗原吸附于免疫刺激剂所吸附的同一铝盐颗粒上。这样,当抗原呈递细胞摄入抗原时,共吸附的免疫刺激剂直接对同一抗原呈递细胞施加其刺激作用。
在EP0576 478 B1、EP0689 454 B1和EP 0 633 784 B1中描述了基于铝的疫苗制剂,其中抗原和免疫刺激剂3-脱氧酰化单磷酰脂质A(3-de-O-acylated monophosphoryllipid A)(3D-MPL)吸附于同一颗粒。在这些情况下,首先使抗原吸附到铝盐上,随后使免疫刺激剂3D-MPL吸附于同一铝盐颗粒。这样的过程首先涉及在水浴中通过超声处理而悬浮3D-MPL,直到颗粒达到80到500nm之间的大小。一般在室温下,在搅拌的同时使抗原吸附在铝盐上一小时。然后将所述3D-MPL悬浮物加入已吸附的抗原,并将所述制剂在室温下温育1小时,随后在4℃保存备用。
从免疫的观点上看,所述在先技术的配制方法提供了有效的疫苗,但是,它们也包含一些商业缺陷。为使得疫苗适于给予人类,所述方法必须保持一致并服从生产质量管理规范(GMP)控制以及质量控制(QC)。在一些情况下,所述在先技术的方法提供了其中一种抗原或多种抗原全部吸附到同一金属盐颗粒上的疫苗。然后3D-MPL要吸附于同一金属颗粒的要求也使得该方法复杂化。在包含多种抗原的联合疫苗的情况下,可能是特别成问题的(多种抗原的吸附依赖于每种抗原在特定pH下对特定金属盐的亲和力)。根据存在何种抗原,所述在先技术的方法可能在重复生产能力和疫苗QC上存在问题。此外,如果在一种特定抗原的QC中发生任何事故或可能导致疫苗污染的事件,这有可能导致所有各个成分的浪费,而不仅仅是出现问题的特定抗原的浪费。另外,在一些情况下,联合疫苗可能要求顺序加入抗原,这样一个过程是极其耗时并且昂贵的。因此,所述在先技术的方法复杂、不易控制并且昂贵。
惊人的是,本发明人已经发现不必将抗原和免疫刺激剂吸附于同一颗粒。与本领域内已经接受的观点不同,已经发现当抗原吸附于从免疫刺激剂结合的那些金属盐颗粒分离的特定金属盐颗粒上时,可以产生令人满意的疫苗。
所述改进过程包括吸附免疫刺激剂到金属盐颗粒上,接着使抗原吸附于另一金属盐颗粒,随后混合所述分离的金属颗粒以形成疫苗。本发明还为佐剂组合物提供了吸附于金属盐颗粒的免疫刺激剂,其特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含其它抗原。此外,本发明还提供了疫苗,所述疫苗的特征在于免疫刺激剂吸附于基本不含其它抗原的金属盐颗粒,并且吸附抗原的金属盐颗粒基本不含其它免疫刺激剂。
因此,本发明提供了包含已经吸附到金属盐颗粒上的免疫刺激剂的佐剂制剂,其特征在于所述组合物基本不含其它抗原。此外,该佐剂制剂是在本发明的生产疫苗的方法中要求的中间体。因此,提供了生产疫苗的方法,所述方法包括将本发明的所述佐剂组合物与抗原混合。所述抗原最好已经预吸附到金属盐上。所述金属盐可以与吸附所述免疫刺激剂的金属盐相同或相似。
本发明还提供了疫苗组合物,所述组合物包含吸附于第一种金属盐颗粒的免疫刺激剂以及吸附于金属盐的抗原,其特征在于所述第一种金属盐颗粒和所述第二种金属盐颗粒是不同的。
或者,构成本发明的部分的疫苗包括两组主要的复合物,第一组复合物包括(a)吸附于金属盐颗粒的免疫刺激剂,特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含抗原;而第二组复合物包括(b)吸附于金属盐颗粒的抗原。所述疫苗组合物也可包括两组主要的复合物,第一组复合物包括(a)吸附于金属盐颗粒的免疫刺激剂,特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含抗原;第二组复合物包括(b)吸附于金属盐颗粒的抗原,特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含免疫刺激剂。
在这两组主要复合物中存在的金属盐可以是相同或不同的。此外,在其中可能存在多种不同抗原的联合疫苗的情况下,所述第二组复合物(上面所述)可以包含吸附于不同金属颗粒上的多种抗原。
关于本发明中基本不含其它抗原的定义,是指能够吸附于所述金属盐颗粒的总物质中不多于20%(质量)是另一种抗原,优选不多于10%(质量)是另一种抗原,最优选不多于5%(质量)是另一种抗原。或者,关于本发明中基本不含免疫刺激剂是指能够吸附于所述金属盐颗粒的总物质中不多于20%(质量)是免疫刺激剂,优选不多于10%(质量)是免疫刺激剂,最优选不多于5%(质量)是免疫刺激剂。可以使用对于本领域内技术人员明显的常规检验来确定抗原或免疫刺激剂是否吸附到不同的分离颗粒上,包括但不限于在电场内通过制剂的自由流动而分离疫苗成为不同组份,或者如特别适用于非颗粒性抗原的沉降速率分析等技术,随后分析各组份中的免疫刺激剂或抗原。
本发明还提供了试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括一个盛有吸附于金属盐的免疫刺激剂的容器;以及第二个盛有抗原的容器,所述抗原最好吸附于金属盐。
当需要商业化规模数量的联合疫苗时,本发明的方法是特别有用的。联合疫苗是含有一种以上病原体的一种以上抗原的单剂疫苗。这样的疫苗可以减少引起对抗多种病原体和疾病的保护所需的接种数量。
例如,如果一种疫苗包含AlOH3、3D-MPL以及抗原V、W、X、Y、Z,以前的方法涉及将所述抗原和3D-MPL配制到AlOH3的同一颗粒上。这样的在先技术方法要求将V、W、X、Y、Z吸附于AlOH3,随后将游离的3D-MPL加入到每一种预吸附的抗原复合物。
与此不同,在本发明的配制方法中,抗原V、W、X、Y、Z各自在分离的容器中吸附到分离的AlOH3颗粒上。3D-MPL也在另一容器吸附到AlOH3。然后通过将每一独离容器的材料简单混合,组成疫苗。在这种情况下,结合3D-MPL的AlOH3颗粒可以与结合抗原的AlOH3颗粒分离。
或者,本发明提供了制备包含免疫刺激剂、抗原以及金属盐的疫苗的方法,包括:
1.吸附抗原于第一种金属颗粒,
2.吸附免疫刺激剂于第二种金属颗粒,然后
3.混合上面步骤1和步骤2的产品。
本发明提供了克服在先技术中存在的问题的生产疫苗的方法。各个抗原-金属盐复合物都可以接受GMP控制,并且如果特定抗原-金属盐制备物发生任何不凑巧的污染,那么不会危及其它抗原以及免疫刺激性佐剂的完整性。惊人的是,与本领域内已经接受的观点不同,通过本发明的方法产生的疫苗与使用在先技术制备的疫苗一样有效。
在本发明的意义内,免疫刺激剂的定义可以描述为具有佐剂活性的天然化合物或合成化合物,所述佐剂活性来源于所述化合物本身对免疫系统细胞的直接或间接刺激效应,而不是通过其它非刺激性效应如储存库效应(depot effect)或靶向免疫系统。这样的免疫刺激剂的例子描述于“Vaccine Design-the subunit and adjuvant approach”(Powell,M.F.和Newman,M.J.编辑;1995,PharmaceuticalBiotechnology(Plenum Press,New York and London,ISBN 0-306-44867-X)中由Powell,M.F.和Newman,M.编写的名为“疫苗佐剂与赋形剂纲要”的一章。在本发明范围内的这些免疫刺激剂包括:得自细菌的化合物,如单磷酰脂质A或其衍生物;得自植物的皂苷类或其衍生物,例如Quil A;或免疫刺激性寡核苷酸如CpG、嵌段共聚物、霍乱毒素、免疫刺激性细胞因子如GM-CSF和IL-1、polyribo A和polyribo U以及胞壁酰三肽(MTP)。
单磷酰脂质A是具有佐剂活性的衍生自细菌的化合物,并且是在本发明的应用中优选的免疫刺激剂。已经改变该毒性化合物以形成毒性更低的衍生物,一种这样的衍生物是3-脱氧酰化单磷酰脂质A (称为3D-MPL或d3-MPL,表示还原性末端葡糖胺的3位是脱氧酰化)。为制备3D-MPL,见GB 2220 211 A。在化学上它是具有3、4、5或6个酰化链的3-脱酰化单磷酰脂质A的混合物。在本发明的组合物中最好使用小颗粒MPL。小颗粒MPL具有这样的颗粒大小以致其可以通过0.22μm滤膜无菌滤过。在国际专利申请第WO94/21292号中描述了这样的制备物。其它改进在公开了包含三酰基和四酰基同族元素的3D-MPL的稳定制备物的GB 9807933.8中描述。
GB 2 220 211 A提到降低了以前使用的肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)的内毒性,同时保留了免疫原性特性。然而GB 2 220 211仅在关于细菌(革兰氏阴性)系统时引用了这些发现。
在本发明的应用中另一种优选的免疫刺激剂是Quil A及其衍生物。Quil A是一种从南美洲的树Quilaja Saponaria Molina分离得到的皂苷制备物,Dalsgaard等在1974年(“皂苷佐剂”,Archiv.fur diegesamte Virusforschung,第44卷,Springer Verlag,Berlin,第243-254页)首次描述其具有佐剂活性。已经通过HPLC分离了保留其佐剂活性并且不具有与Quil A相关的毒性的Quil A的纯化片段(EPP 0 362278),例如QS7和QS21(也称为QA7和QA21)。已经描述了特别优选的QS21的特定制剂,这些制剂还包含固醇(WO96/33739)。
CpG是具有已知佐剂特性的免疫刺激性寡肽(WO 96/02555)。在本发明的范围内优选的CpG序列是:(TCC ATG AGC TTC CTGACG TT,Krieg 1826)、(TCT CCC AGC GTG CGC CAT,Krieg 1758)以及TCG TCG TTT TGT CGT TTT GTC GTT。
本发明涉及所述佐剂的特定配制方法以及特性,并且因此可以与许多种抗原一起使用。本发明的疫苗可以用于初次剂量和加强剂量(priming and boosting dose),以及用于引起针对多种病原体的免疫反应和引起针对由多种病原体介导的感染的保护。同时本发明提供了引发针对抗原的免疫反应的方法,包括使用包含金属盐、免疫刺激剂和抗原的疫苗,其中所述免疫刺激剂吸附于从吸附所述抗原的那些金属盐颗粒分离的金属盐颗粒上。下面列出了一些病原体和抗原。
由甲型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、丁型肝炎病毒和戊型肝炎病毒导致的病毒性肝炎是非常普遍的病毒性疾病。尤其是通过乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒,还引起了许多例肝癌。因此发展有效的疫苗是非常重要的,尽管有值得注意的成功,但这仍是一项正在进行的工作。在Lancet,1990年5月12日第1142页及其下(Prof A.L.W.F.Eddleston)中可以找到关于现代肝炎疫苗的综述,包括许多重要的参考资料。还可参见“Viral Hepatitis and LiverDisease”(Vyas,B.N.,Dienstag,J.L.,和Hoofnagle,J.H.,编辑,Grune和Stratton.Inc.(1984))和“Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease”(Proceedings of the 1990 International Symposium,F.B.Hollinger,S.M.Lemon和H.Margolis编辑,Williams and Wilkins出版)。
本文使用的表述“乙型肝炎抗原”用来指由乙型肝炎病毒衍生的可用于在人体内引起针对所述病毒的免疫的任何抗原性物质。
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染是一个广泛的问题,但用于群体免疫(mass immunisation)的疫苗目前是可以得到的,例如通过遗传工程技术获得的产品“Engerix-B”(SmithKline Beecham plc)。
制备乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)已经有许多文献论述。见,例如,Harfbrd等在Develop.Biol.Standard54,第125页(1983)、Gregg等在Biotechnology,5,第479页(1987)、EP-A-0 226 846、EP-A-0 299108以及其中的参考文献。
本文使用的表达方式“乙型肝炎表面抗原”或“HBsAg”包括显示HBV表面抗原的抗原性的任何HBsAg抗原或其片段。可以知道除HBsAg S抗原的226氨基酸序列(见Tiollais等,Nature,317,489(1985)和其中的参考文献)外,如果需要,如本文所述的HBsAg可以包括全部或部分前S序列,如上面的参考资料以及EP-A-0 278 940所述。尤其是所述HBsAg可以包括包含这样的氨基酸序列的多肽:所述氨基酸序列包含残基12-52,其后是残基133-145,其后是与ad血清型乙型肝炎病毒上的可读框有关的HBsAg的L-蛋白的残基175-400(该多肽称为L*;见EP 0 414 374)。在本发明范围内的HBsAg也可以包括在EP 0 198 474(Endotronics)中描述的前S1-前S2-S多肽或其类似物,如在EP 0 304 578(Mc Cormick and Jones)中描述的那些类似物。如本文所述的HBsAg也可以指突变体,例如在WO 91/14703或欧洲专利申请公开号0 511 855 A1中描述的“逃逸突变体(escapemutant)”,特别是其中在145位上的氨基酸取代是从甘氨酸到精氨酸的HBsAg。
一般HBsAg将是颗粒形式的。所述颗粒可以包括例如单独的S蛋白或者可以是复合颗粒,例如(L*,S),其中L*如上所定义,S表示HBsAg的S蛋白。在酵母中表达时,所述颗粒在形式上是有利的。
对甲型肝炎具有保护的成份最好是名为“Havrix”(SmithKlineBeecham Biologicals)的产品,“Havrix”是由HAV HM-175株得到的灭活减毒疫苗[见“Inactivated Candidiate Vaccines for Hepatitis A”,F.E.Andre,A.Hepburn和E.D Hondt(1980),Prog.Med.Virol.第37卷,第72-95页以及由SmithKline Beecham Biologicals出版的产品专题文章“Havrix”(1991)。
因此,在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,提供了包含HBsAg以及甲型肝炎抗原的联合疫苗。另外,本发明提供了生产甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎联合疫苗的方法,以及由该方法得到的产品。
其它联合疫苗可以在市场上获得,包括由SmithKline BeechamBiologicals制造的InfanrixTM系列(range)。这样的疫苗基于Diptheria毒素、破伤风毒素和百日咳博德特氏菌(B.pertussis)抗原的“核心”组合。该疫苗包含一种百日咳成份(灭活的完整百日咳博德特氏菌细胞,或一般包括两种抗原PT和FHA、通常69kDa的无细胞百日咳,可选地还有凝集原2或凝集原3中的一种或两种)。这样的疫苗通常称为DTPw(完整细胞)或DTPa(无细胞)。
在本发明范围内的特定联合疫苗包括:
Diptheria-破伤风-百日咳-乙型肝炎(DTP-HB)
Diptheria-破伤风-乙型肝炎(DT-HB)
Hib-乙型肝炎
DTP-Hib-乙型肝炎
IPV(灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗)-DTP-Hib-乙型肝炎
所述百日咳成份合适地是完整细胞的百日咳疫苗或包含部分或高度纯化的抗原的无细胞百日咳疫苗。上面的组合可选地包括保护对抗甲型肝炎的成份。所述甲型肝炎成份最好经过福尔马林灭活的HM-175。最好如下纯化HM-175:用胰蛋白酶处理培养的HM-175,通过渗透层析从小蛋白酶消化的蛋白中分离完整的病毒,然后用福尔马林灭活。最好所述乙型肝炎联合疫苗是一种儿科疫苗。
本发明的其它联合疫苗公开于GB 9805105.5(SmithKlineBeecham Biologicals s.a.),这样的联合疫苗对用于青少年的疫苗特别有利。优选的组合基于乙型肝炎抗原(Hep B)和单纯疱疹(HSV)抗原的“核心”组合。在这个“核心”中可以选择地加入一种或多种得自下面的抗原:埃-巴二氏病毒(EBV)抗原、甲型肝炎抗原(Hep A)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)抗原。这些联合疫苗可以另外包含水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)、人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)或弓形虫抗原。
本发明的疫苗制剂最好包含能够引发对抗人类病原体的免疫反应的抗原或抗原组合物,所述抗原或抗原组合物来自HIV-1(如tat、nef、gp120或gp160)、人类疱疹病毒(如gD或其衍生物或立即早期蛋白如来自HSV1或HSV2的ICP27)、巨细胞病毒((特别是人类)(如gB或其衍生物))、轮状病毒(包括活减毒病毒)、埃-巴二氏病毒(如gp350或其衍生物)、水痘-带状疱疹病毒(如gpI、II和IE63),或者所述抗原或抗原组合物来自肝炎病毒如乙型肝炎病毒(例如乙型肝炎表面抗原或其衍生物)、甲型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和戊型肝炎病毒,或者所述抗原或抗原组合物来自其它病毒性病原体,如副粘病毒:呼吸道合胞病毒(如F蛋白和G蛋白及其衍生物)、副流感病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、人乳头瘤病毒(例如HPV6、11、16和18)、黄病毒(如黄热病毒、登革病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒、日本脑炎病毒)或流感病毒,或者所述抗原或抗原组合物来自细菌病原体,如奈瑟氏菌属(Neisseria spp.),包括淋病奈瑟氏菌(N.gonorrhea)和脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(N.meningitidis)(例如荚膜多糖及其偶联物、运铁蛋白结合蛋白、乳铁蛋白结合蛋白、PilC、粘附素);链球菌属(Streptococcusspp.),包括肺炎链球菌(S.pneumoniae)(例如荚膜多糖及其偶联物、PsaA、PspA、链球菌溶血素、胆碱结合蛋白)、酿脓链球菌(S.pyogenes)(例如M蛋白或其片段、C5A蛋白酶、脂磷壁质)、无乳链球菌(S.agalactiae)、变异链球菌(S.mutans);嗜血菌属(Haemophilus spp.),包括B型流感嗜血菌(H.influenzae)(例如PRP及其偶联物)、未定型(non typeable)流感嗜血菌(例如OMP26、高分子量粘附素、P5、P6、脂蛋白D)、杜氏嗜血菌(H.ducreyi);莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella spp.),包括粘膜炎莫拉氏菌(M.catarrhalis),也称为卡他布兰汉氏菌(Branhamella catarrhalis)(例如高分子量粘附素和低分子量粘附素及侵染素);博德特氏菌属(Bordetella spp.),包括百日咳博德特氏菌(B.pertussis)(例如pertactin、百日咳毒素或其衍生物、丝状血凝素、腺苷酸环化酶、菌毛)、副百日咳博德特氏菌(B.parapertussis)和支气管炎博德特氏菌(B.bronchiseptica);分枝杆菌属(Mycobacteriumspp.),包括结核分枝杆菌(M.tuberculosis)(例如ESAT6、85A抗原、85-B抗原或85-C抗原)、牛分枝杆菌(M. bovis)、麻风分枝杆菌(M.leprae)、鸟分枝杆菌(M.avium)、副结核分枝杆菌(M.paratuberculosis)、耻垢分枝杆菌(M.smegmatis);军团菌属(Legionellaspp.),包括嗜肺军团菌(L.pneumophila);埃希氏菌属(Escherichiaspp.),包括肠毒性大肠杆菌(E.coli)(例如定居因子、热不稳定毒素或其衍生物、热稳定毒素或其衍生物)、肠出血性大肠杆菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌(例如志贺样毒素或其衍生物);弧菌属(Vibro spp.),包括霍乱弧菌(V.cholera)(例如霍乱毒素或其衍生物);志贺氏菌属(Shigella spp.),包括宋内氏志贺氏菌(S.sonnei)、痢疾志贺氏(S.dysenteriae)、弗氏志贺氏菌(S.flexnerii);耶尔森氏菌属(Yersiniaspp.),包括小肠结膜炎耶尔森氏菌(Y.enterocolitica)(例如Yop蛋白)、鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(Y.pestis)、假结核耶尔森氏菌(Y.pseudotuberculosis);弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter spp.),包括空肠弯曲杆菌(C.jejuni)(例如毒素、粘附素和侵袭素)和大肠弯曲杆菌(C.coli);沙门氏菌属(Salmonella spp.),包括伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhi)、副伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌(S.choleraesuis)、肠炎沙门氏菌(S.enteritidis);李斯特氏菌属(Listeria spp.),包括单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(L.monocytogenes);螺旋杆菌属(Helicobacter spp.),包括幽门螺旋杆菌(H pylori)(例如脲酶、过氧化氢酶、空泡毒素(vacuolatingtoxin));假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas spp.),包括铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa);葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus spp.),包括金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌(S.epidermidis);肠球菌属(Enterococcusspp.),包括粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)、屎肠球菌(E.faecium);梭菌属(Clostridium spp.),包括破伤风梭菌(C.tetani)(例如破伤风毒素及其衍生物)、肉毒梭菌(C.botulinum)(例如肉毒杆菌毒素及其衍生物)、艰难梭菌(C.difficile)(例如梭菌毒素A或梭菌毒素B及它们的衍生物);芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),包括炭疽芽孢杆菌(B.anthracis)(例如肉毒杆菌毒素及其衍生物);棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium spp.),包括白喉棒杆菌(C.diphtheriae)(例如白喉毒素及其衍生物);疏螺旋体属(Borrelia spp.),包括布氏疏螺旋体(B.burgdorferi)(例如OspA、OspC、DbpA、DbpB)、嘎氏疏螺旋体(B.garinii)(例如OspA、OspC、DbpA、DbpB)、阿氏疏螺旋体(B.afzelii)(例如OspA、OspC、DbpA、DbpB)、B.andersonii(例如OspA、OspC、DbpA、DbpB)、赫氏蜱疏螺旋体(B.hermsii);埃里希氏体属(Ehriichia spp.),包括马埃里希氏体(E.equi)和人粒细胞增多埃里希病的病原体;立克次氏体属(Rickettsia spp.),包括立氏立克次氏体(R.Rickettsii);衣原体属(Chlamydia spp.),包括沙眼衣原体(C.trachomatis)(例如MOMP、肝素结合蛋白)、肺炎衣原体(C.pneumoniae)(例如MOMP、肝素结合蛋白)、鹦鹉热衣原体(C.psittaci);钩端螺旋体属(Leptospira spp.),包括问号钩端螺旋体(L.interrogans);密螺旋体属(Treponemaspp.),包括苍白密螺旋体(T.pallidum)(例如稀有外膜蛋白)、齿垢密螺旋体(T.denticola)、猪痢疾密螺旋体(T.hyodysenteriae);或来自寄生虫,例如疟原虫属(Plasmodium spp.),包括恶性疟原虫;弓浆虫属(Toxoplasma spp.),包括鼠弓浆虫(T.gondii)(例如SAG2、SAG3、Tg34);内阿米巴属(Entamoeba spp.),包括痢疾内变形虫(E.histolytica);巴贝虫属(Babesia spp.),包括田鼠巴贝虫(B.microti);锥虫属(Trypanosoma spp.),包括克鲁兹锥虫(T.cruzi);贾第鞭毛虫属(Giardia spp.),包括吸吮贾第虫(G.lamblia);Leshmania物种,包括L.major;肺囊虫属(Pneumocystis spp.),包括卡氏肺囊虫(P.carinii);毛滴虫属(Trichomonas spp.),包括阴道毛滴虫(T.vaginalis);Schisostoma物种,包括S.mansoni,或得自酵母,例如念珠菌属(Candida spp.),包括白色念珠菌(C.albicans);隐球酵母属(Cryptococcus spp.),包括新型隐球菌酵母(C.neoformans)。
在一个优选的方面,本发明的疫苗制剂包含HIV-1抗原gp120,特别是当在CHO细胞中表达时。在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的疫苗制剂包含如上面所定义的gD2t。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,含有要求保护的佐剂的疫苗包括据认为引起生殖器疣的HPV病毒(HPV 6或HPV 11及其它病毒)以及引起宫颈癌的HPV病毒(HPV16、HPV18及其它病毒)。尤其优选的疫苗形式包含L1颗粒或病毒壳粒,以及包含由以下选出的一种或多种抗原的融合蛋白:HPV6和HPV11蛋白E6、E7、L1和L2。最优选的融合蛋白形式是:GB 95 15478.7中公开的L2E7以及GB 9717953.5(WO99/10375)中公开的蛋白D(1/3)-E7。
本发明的疫苗还包括由导致疟疾的寄生虫得到的抗原。例如,优选的来自Plasmodia falciparum的抗原包括RTS、S和TRAP。RTS是一种杂种蛋白,包含通过乙型肝炎表面抗原前S2部分的四个氨基酸连接到乙型肝炎病毒表面(S)抗原的恶性疟原虫环子孢子蛋白的基本上全部C末端片段。其完整结构公开于要求英国专利申请第9124390.7号的优先权的公开号为WO 93/10152的国际专利申请第PCT/EP92/02591号中。当在酵母中表达时,RTS作为脂蛋白颗粒产生,当其与来自HBV的S抗原共表达时,它产生名为RTS,S的混合颗粒。公开号为WO 90/01496的国际专利申请第PCT/GB89/00895号中描述了TRAP抗原。本发明的优选实施方案是一种疟疾疫苗,其中所述抗原制备物包含RTS,S和TRAP抗原的组合。有可能成为多级疟疾疫苗的成份的候选物的其它疟原虫抗原是恶性疟原虫MSP1、AMA1、MSP3、EBA、GLURP、RAP1、RAP2、钳合蛋白、PfEMP1、Pf332、LSA1、LSA3、STARP、SALSA、PfEXP1、Pfs25、Pfs28、PFS27/25、Pfsl6、Pfs48/45、Pfs230以及它们在疟原虫物种中的类似物。
所述制剂还可以包含抗肿瘤抗原并可用于治疗癌症的免疫疗法(immunotherapeutic treatment cancers)。例如,发现所述佐剂制剂对肿瘤排斥抗原(tumor rejection antigen)有作用,如前列腺癌、乳癌、结肠癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、肾癌或黑素瘤癌(melanoma cancer)的肿瘤排斥抗原。典型抗原包括MAGE 1和MAGE 3或其它用于治疗黑素瘤的MAGE抗原、PRAME、BAGE或GAGE(Robbins和Kawakami,1996,Current Opinions in Immunology 8,第628-636页;Van den Eynde等,International Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Research(1997年提交);Correale等(1997),Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89,第293页。事实上这些抗原在广泛的肿瘤类型中表达,例如黑素瘤、肺癌、肉瘤和膀胱癌。其它适于与本发明的佐剂使用的肿瘤特异性抗原包括但不限制于前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)或Her-2/neu、KSA(GA733)、MUC-1和癌胚抗原(CEA)。已经提出其它抗原作为泛癌治疗抗原(pan-cancer therapeutic antigen),其中包括酪氨酸酶和Survivin。因此,在本发明的一方面,提供了包含依照本发明的一种佐剂组合物以及一种肿瘤排斥抗原的疫苗。
预计本发明的组合物将用于配制包含来自疏螺旋体物种的抗原的疫苗。例如,抗原可以包括核酸、病原体衍生的抗原或抗原制备物、重组产生的蛋白或多肽以及嵌合融合蛋白。尤其是所述抗原是OspA。所述OspA可以是借助于宿主细胞(大肠杆菌)的脂质化形式的完整成熟蛋白,名为(Lipo-OspA),或者是非脂质化的衍生物。这样的非脂质化衍生物包括具有流感病毒非结构蛋白(NS1)的头81个N末端氨基酸以及完整OspA蛋白的非脂质化NS1-OspA融合蛋白,而另一种非脂质化衍生物MDP-OspA是带有3个额外N末端氨基酸的非脂质化形式OspA。
本发明的疫苗可以用于预防或治疗变态反应。这样的疫苗将包含变态反应原特异性抗原(例如Der p1以及花粉相关抗原)和变态反应原非特异性抗原(例如stanworth十肽)。
在每一疫苗剂量中抗原量是根据在典型受接种者体内引起免疫保护性反应并且没有显著副作用的量而选择。这样的量将根据所使用的是哪一种特定免疫原以及其如何呈递而有所不同。一般来说,预期每剂量将包含1-1000μg抗原,优选1-500μg,优选1-100μg,最优选1到50μg。对于特定疫苗的最佳量可以根据涉及观察受实验者体内合适的免疫反应的标准研究而确定。在初次接种(initialvaccination)后,受实验者可以以足够间隔接受一次或几次加强免疫(booster immunisation)。为给予人类,一般免疫刺激剂含量为每剂量1μg-1000μg,优选每剂量10μg-500μg,更优选每剂量20μg-200μg,更优选每剂量20-100μg,最优选每剂量10-50μg。
本发明还提供了本发明的佐剂和疫苗在药中的应用,具体地说是治疗患有病原性感染或癌症或变态反应或对上述状况易感的哺乳动物。还提供了本发明的佐剂及疫苗在生产病毒感染、细菌感染、寄生虫感染、变态反应或癌症的免疫预防药物和免疫治疗药物中的应用。本发明的制剂可以用于预防目的以及治疗目的。
疫苗制备物在”Vaccine Design-the subunit and adjuvantapproach”Powell,M.F.和Newman,M.J.编辑;1995,PharmaceuticalBiotechnology(Plenum Press,New York and London,ISBN 0-306-44867-X)中一般性描述。
本发明由下面的实施例举例说明但不限于下面的实施例。实施例1,材料与方法
血清学
使用HBs(Hep 286)作为包被抗原,通过ELISA进行抗HBs抗体的定量。每孔加入50μl抗原和抗体溶液。抗原在PBS中稀释到1μg/ml的最终浓度,并于4℃下吸附到96孔微量滴定板(MaxisorbImmuno-plate,Nunc.Denmark)的孔过夜。然后将所述板在37℃下用含1%牛血清白蛋白和0.1%TWEEN 20的PBS(饱和缓冲液;100μl/孔)温育1小时。在HBs包被的板中加入用饱和缓冲液成倍稀释的血清(从100倍稀释度开始),并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。所述板用PBS 0.1%TWEEN20洗四次,每孔加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/1000的生物素偶联抗小鼠IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b或Ig(Amersham,UK),并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。在冲洗步骤后,加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/5000的链霉抗生物素-生物素酰化过氧化物酶复合物(Amersham,UK),并继续在37℃下温育30分钟。如上洗板,并在邻苯二胺(Sigma)0.04%H2O2 0.03%的0.1%TWEEN20,0.05M柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH4.5中温育20分钟。用2N H2SO4终止反应并在490/630nm读数。采用SoftmaxPro(使用四参数方程)根据对照计算ELISA滴度并表示为EU/ml。
T细胞扩增
第二次免疫后两周,处死小鼠,无菌操作取出脾置于池中。在含有2mML-谷氨酰胺,抗生素,5×10-5M2-巯基乙醇以及1%同系正常小鼠血清的RPMI 1640培养基(GIBCO)中制备细胞悬浮液。脾细胞在含有不同浓度(10-0.03μg/ml)HBs抗原的圆底96孔板的200μl中培养到2×106细胞/ml的最终浓度。每个测试进行四个平行实验。在5%CO2下37℃培养96小时后,用3H-胸苷(Amersham,UK,5Ci/mmol)以0.5μCi/孔脉冲输送(pulse)18小时,然后用细胞收集器收集在Unifilter板(Packard)上。在闪烁计数器(Topcount,Packard)中测量结合的放射性。结果以cpm表示(四个复孔的平均cpm)或表示为刺激数(stimulation indice)(带有抗原的细胞培养物的平均cpm/没有抗原的细胞培养物的平均cpm)。
细胞因子产生
第二次免疫后两周,处死小鼠,无菌操作取出脾置于池中(每组3池)。在含有2mML-谷氨酰胺,抗生素,5×10-5M2-巯基乙醇以及5%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养基(GIBCO)中制备细胞悬浮液。脾细胞在含有不同浓度(10-0.1μg/ml)HBs抗原的平底24孔板的1ml中培养到5×106细胞/ml的最终浓度。96小时后收集上清液并冻存,直到通过ELISA测试IFNγ和IL-5的存在。
IFNγ的产生
使用Genzyme的试剂,通过ELISA进行IFNγ的定量。每孔加入50μl样品和抗体溶液。4℃下用50μl在碳酸盐缓冲液pH9.5中稀释为1.5μg/ml的仓鼠抗小鼠IFNγ包被96孔微量滴定板(MaxisorbImmuno-plate,Nunc,Denmark)过夜。然后将所述板在37℃下用100μl含1%牛血清白蛋白和0.1%TWEEN 20的PBS(饱和缓冲液)温育1小时。在抗IFNγ包被的板中,加入得自体外刺激的上清液在饱和缓冲液中的两倍稀释液(开始于1/2),并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。所述板用PBS0.1%TWEEN(洗涤缓冲液)洗四次,每个孔中加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释到最终浓度0.5μg/ml的生物素偶联山羊抗小鼠IFNγ,并在37℃下温育1小时。在洗涤步骤后,加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/10000的AMDEX偶联物(Amersham),在37℃下温育30分钟。如上洗板,并用50μlTMB(Biorad)温育10分钟。用0.4N H2SO4终止反应并在450/630 nm读数。使用标准曲线(小鼠IFNγ标准)通过SoftmaxPro(四参数方程)计算浓度并表示为pg/ml。
IL-5的产生
使用Pharmingen的试剂,通过ELISA进行IL-5的定量。每孔加入50μl样品和抗体溶液。4℃下用50μl在碳酸盐缓冲液pH9.5中稀释为1μg/ml的大鼠抗小鼠IL-5包被96孔微量滴定板(MaxisorbImmuno-plate,Nunc,Denmark)过夜。然后将所述板在37℃下用100μl含1%牛血清白蛋白和0.1%TWEEN20的PBS(饱和缓冲液)温育1小时。在抗IFNγ包被的板中,加入得自体外刺激的上清液在饱和缓冲液中的两倍稀释液(开始于1/2),并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。所述板用PBS TWEEN 0.1%(洗涤缓冲液)洗四次,每个孔中加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释到最终浓度1μg/ml的生物素偶联大鼠抗小鼠IL-5,并在37℃下温育1小时。在洗涤步骤后,加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/10000的AMDEX偶联物(Amersham),在37℃下温育30分钟。如上洗板,并用50μlTMB(Biorad)温育15分钟。用0.4NH2SO4终止反应并在450/630nm读数。使用标准曲线(重组小鼠IL-5标准)通过SoftmaxPro(四参数方程)计算浓度并表示为pg/ml。实施例2,小鼠中的免疫原性研究
为测试MPL在不含抗原的固体颗粒载体上的作用原理(concept),使用HABMPL疫苗的不同配制顺序在Balb/C小鼠中进行免疫原性研究:表1,疫苗组方
组别 | 组方 |
1 | (HB-AlPO4)-3D-MPL+(HA-Al(OH)3) |
2 | (3D-MPL-Al(OH)3)+(HA-Al(OH)3)+(HB-AlPO4) |
3 | (3D-MPL-AlPO4)+(HA-Al(OH)3)+(HB-AlPO4) |
配制方法描述:
组1,在先技术的配制方法。抗原首先吸附于金属盐上,随后加入游离3D-MPL,导致3D-MPL吸附于抗原所吸附的同一金属盐颗粒。
组2和组3,本发明的配制方法。3D-MPL吸附于一种金属盐颗粒上,抗原吸附于分离的金属盐颗粒,随后将预吸附的复合物混合。
免疫计划
用基于HAB的制剂(1/10人类剂量,即HAV72 ELU,HBs2μg,MPL5μg)以4周间隔皮下免疫各组二次,每组10只小鼠。在第二次免疫后14天,用HBs和HAV体外再刺激脾细胞后,分析淋巴组织增生反应以及细胞因子产生(IL5/IFNγ)。在第35天从眶后窦(retroorbital sinus)取血,通过ELISA监测对HBs和HAV的抗体反应以及同种型分布型诱导(isotypic profile induced)(仅HBs)。
结果
通过ELISA测定体液反应(Ig和同种型),使用HBs作为包被抗原测量针对HBV的体液反应,使用Behring试剂盒测量针对HAV的体液反应。仅分析第二次免疫后14天的取血。
图1显示了在个体血清上测量的抗HBsIg抗体反应并表示为GMT。
图2显示了由对汇集的血清分析计算出的同种型重新分布(IgG1、IgG2a和IgG2b)。
在组1和新型制剂(组2和组3)之间没有观察到在抗体滴度上的差异。此外,新型制剂(组2和组3)刺激的IgG1和IgG2a/b同种型比例与由在先技术的制剂(组1)刺激的IgG1和IgG2a/b同种型比例相似。
细胞介导的免疫反应
在第二次免疫后14天,在用HBs或HA抗原体外再刺激脾细胞后,测定细胞介导的免疫反应(淋巴组织增生和IFNγ/IL-5产生)。对于每组小鼠,处死5只动物并收集脾以用于体外测试。
图3显示了在用HBs再刺激的脾细胞中监测到的淋巴组织增生。
图4显示了在用HBs再刺激的脾细胞中监测到的细胞因子产生。
在各制剂之间未能观察到淋巴组织增生反应的差异。
此外,在所有组中观察到强烈的IFN-γ(+/-1000 pg/ml)反应,在各组间未观察到IL-5产生的差异(低于60pg/ml)。
结论
在各HABMPL配制顺序之间未观察到对HBsAg的体液免疫反应及细胞介导的免疫反应的显著差异。实施例3,豚鼠的HSV接种
前面的实施例证实了新型制剂及方法关于肝炎抗原的功效。本实施例研究经典方法与本发明的方法相比,用明矾和3D-MPL配制的单纯疱疹病毒gD疫苗的免疫原性及保护功效。用HSV豚鼠阴道内保护模型比较这两种疫苗。
组别 | 组方 | |
4 | gD2t(20μg)+3D-MPL(50μg)+AlOH(500μg) | |
5 | gD2t(20μg)+AlOH(400μg) | 3D-MPL(50μg)+AlOH(100μg) |
6 | 未处理 |
实验方法
在第0天和第28天两次免疫各组,每组12只雌性Hartley豚鼠。在第57天,阴道内用105pfu HSV2 MS株(100μl)攻击动物。攻击之后,从第4天到第12天每日监测动物初次疾病(primary disease)的临床征兆。第二次免疫后,在第14天和第28天从眶后窦取血,并通过ELISA监测抗gD抗体反应(IgG)。
配制方法
依照WO 92/16231中描述的技术产生来自HSV2的gD2t。3D-MPL购自Ribi ImmunoChem Inc.,Montana,USA。AlOH3购自Superfbs。在第一次注射前15天制备制剂。所有温育在室温及搅拌的条件下完成。
组4基于Al(OH)3的制剂(250μl/剂量):经典途径
在加入MPL(12.5μg)之前,使gD2t(5μg)吸附于125μgAl(OH)3上15分钟。三十分钟后,用10倍浓缩的PBSpH7.4溶液缓冲所述制剂。15分钟后,加入500μg/ml苯氧基乙醇作为防腐剂。
H2O+Al(OH)3+Ag-15分钟-MPL-30分钟-10xPBSpH7.4-15分钟-2苯氧基
组5基于Al(OH)3的制剂(250μl/剂量):新途径
使gD2t(5μg)吸附100μgAl(OH)315分钟,并作为浓缩的单批(monobulk)贮存起来。在另一方面,将MPL(12.5μg)吸附到25μgAl(OH)3上30分钟,并作为另一浓缩单批贮存起来。为进行最后的配制,将吸附的gD2t稀释于H2O以及10倍浓缩的PBS pH 7.4。十五分钟后,在加入苯氧基乙醇作为防腐剂前,加入吸附的MPL。
Al(OH)3+Ag
Al(OH)3+MPL
H2O+10xPBS pH 7.4+加入gD2t-15分钟-加入MPL-15分钟-2苯氧基
样品定量
使用gD43B318作为包被抗原,通过ELISA进行抗gD抗体的定量。每孔加入50μl抗原和抗体溶液。抗原在PBS中稀释到1μg/ml的最终浓度,并于4℃下吸附到96孔微量滴定板(Maxisorb Immuno-plate,Nunc.Denmark)的孔过夜。然后将所述板在37℃下用含1%牛血清白蛋白和0.1%TWEEN 20的PBS(饱和缓冲液)温育1小时。在gD包被的板中加入血清在饱和缓冲液中的两倍稀释液,并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。所述板用PBS0.1%TWEEN20洗四次,每孔加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/10000的生物素偶联抗豚鼠IgG(Amersham,UK),并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。在冲洗步骤后,加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/1000的链霉抗生物素-生物素酰化过氧化物酶复合物(Amersham,UK),并继续在37℃下温育30分钟。如上洗板,并在邻苯二胺(Sigma)0.04%H2O2 0.03%的0.1%TWEEN200.05M柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH4.5中温育20分钟。用2NH2SO4终止反应,并在490/630nm读数。由参考通过SoftmaxPro(使用四参数方程)计算ELISA滴度并表示为EU/ml。
统计分析
使用UNISTAT对血清学数据进行统计分析:
适用于单因素方差分析的方法可以简要描述如下:
1)对数据进行对数转化。
2)对每个群体(组)进行Kolmogorov Smimov检验以检验其正态性(normality)。
3)进行Hartley和Cochran检验以检验不同群体(组)间方差齐性。
4)选定数据的方差分析:第二次免疫后14天或第二次免疫后28天的数据。
结果
血清学
图5,显示了在第二次免疫后对各个血清测量的抗gD IgG抗体反应。
在第二次免疫后14天(17090-18508 EU/ml GMT)或第二次免疫后28天(0227-11965 EU/ml GMT),在两组制剂间没有观察到抗体滴度的显著差异。由数据的对数转化后的两个时间点,分别对两种疫苗制剂引起的抗gD IgG滴度进行单向因素方差分析。在两种制剂间没有检测到统计学上的显著差异(对于第二次免疫后14天和第二次免疫后28天的数据,p值分别等于0.7397和0.5078)。
防护疾病
在攻击后4到12天,通过比较在已接种和未处理的动物中的几个参数,评估对初次疾病的防护:
●有和没有病变(阴道或外部)动物的百分率。
●如下计算每组的初次感染指数(PI):
∑(计数最大值x以%表示的发生率)。
●表达为中值的病变计数总数(第4天到第12天)以及具有病变的动物数目(N)。
●在第4天和第12天之间,对每组计算的平均累积数计算。
表2病变参数的总结
组 | 无病变的动物(%) | 阴道病变(%) | 外部病变(%) | 初次感染指数* | 病变严重程度(n)** |
4 | 66.7 | 25 | 8.3 | 29.2-97% | 1(4) |
5 | 83.3 | 16.7 | 0 | 8.3-99% | 0.5(2) |
6 | 11.1 | 0 | 88.9 | 844.4 | 28.3(8) |
*注射后第4天到第12天病变计数的总数(未考虑没有病变的动物)。病变计数:无病变(0),阴道病变(0.5或1),外部皮肤水泡(2、4、8或16)。
**初次感染指数=(最大计数I)×(发生率%);其中I=0,0.5,1,2,4,8或16。
图6显示了HSV攻击后的累积损伤(lesion)计数曲线。
高百分率的免疫后动物没有出现任何病变(66%到83%)或阴道病变。与此相比,89%的对照组动物显示有外部病变。
在免疫的动物观察到初次感染指数的强烈降低(97%到99%)。这伴随着与未处理组相比(中值=28),记录到接种组的病变程度非常轻(中值=0.5或1)。
如累积计数曲线显示,两个组(4和5)都获得非常好并且相当水平的对初次疾病的防护。
结论
比较了用于疫苗HSV疫苗制剂的旧方法和新方法。在IgG滴度或在对初次疾病的防护上,在两种方法之间没有观察到统计学上的显著差异。
实施例4,小鼠的HPV接种
就人乳头瘤病毒E7抗原和3D-MPL引起抗原特异性体液反应的能力,比较了它们的不同配制顺序(基于AlOH或AlPO4)。对于在同一载体上混合吸附3D-MPL和蛋白D1/3-E7的制剂(途径1)以及其中3D-MPL单独吸附于不含抗原的载体的制剂(途径2),获得了相当的Ig滴度。依照WO 99/10375的程序制备蛋白D1/3 E7。所述抗原和MPL制剂是基于AlOH的和基于AlPO4的。
抗原和3D-MPL顺序吸附到同一铝盐颗粒上(途径1),或在混合前分别吸附(途径2)。
使用下面制剂免疫各组,每组10只小鼠(描述于材料与方法):
组别 | 描述 | 配制 |
7 | ProtD1/3E7-AlOH | 5μgProtD1/3E7吸附到AlOH上 |
8 | ProtD1/3E7-AlOH/MPL | 5μgProtD1/3E7与MPL吸附于AlOH(途径1) |
9 | ProtD1/3E7-AlOH(ALPO4/MPL) | 5μgProtD1/3E7吸附于AlOH,结合吸附于AlPO4的MPL(途径2) |
10 | ProtD1/3E7-AlPO4 | 5μgProtD1/3E7吸附于AlPO4 |
11 | ProtD1/3E7-AlPO4/MPL | 5μgProtD1/3E7与MPL吸附于AlPO4(途径1) |
12 | ProtD1/3E7-AlPO4/(AlOH/MPL) | 5μgProtD1/3E7吸附于AlPO4,结合吸附于AlOH的MPL(途径2) |
13 | ProtD1/3E7o/w | 5μgProtD1/3E7配制于油水乳浊液3D-MPL/QS21 |
通过肌肉内途径以21天间隔两次免疫小鼠。在第35天(第二次免疫后14天)收集血清并分析E7特异性抗体的存在(见材料与方法)。在第一次注射前5天制备制剂。所有温育在室温搅拌的条件下完成。
I.基于Al的制剂(50μl/剂量):经典途径(途径1)
在加入MPL(5μg)之前,使PD1/3E7(5μg)吸附50μgAl(OH)3或AlPO430分钟。三十分钟后,用10倍浓缩的PO4,NaCl pH 6.8溶液缓冲所述制剂。15分钟后,加入50μg/ml硫柳汞作为防腐剂。
H2O+Al+Ag-30分钟-MPL-30分钟-10xPNpH6.8-15分钟-Thio
II.基于Al的制剂(50μl/剂量):新途径(途径2)
使PD1/3E7(5μg)吸附10μgAl(OH)3或AlPO430分钟,并作为浓缩的单批贮存起来。在另一方面,使MPL(5μg)吸附20μgAl(OH)3或AlPO430分钟,并作为另一浓缩单批贮存起来。为进行最后的配制,在加入吸附的MPL和剩余Al(20μg)之前,将吸附的抗原稀释于H2O和10倍浓缩的PO4,NaCl pH 6.8的溶液中。十三(thirteen)分钟后,加入50μg/ml硫柳汞作为防腐剂。
Al+Ag
Al+MPL
H2O+10xPN pH6.8+加入PD1/3E7+加入MPL+Al-30分钟-Thio
血清学
使用E7(Bollen)作为包被抗原,通过ELISA进行抗E7抗体的定量。每孔加入50μl抗原和抗体溶液。抗原在碳酸盐缓冲液pH9.5中稀释到3μg/ml的最终浓度,并于4℃下吸附到96孔微量滴定板(Maxisorb Immuno-plate,Nunc.Denmark)的孔过夜。然后将所述板在37℃下用含1%牛血清白蛋白和0.1%TWEEN 20的PBS(饱和缓冲液)温育1小时。在E7包被的板中加入血清在饱和缓冲液中的两倍稀释液(开始于1/100稀释液),并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。所述板用PBS0.1%TWEEN20洗3次,在每孔中加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/5000的生物素偶联抗小鼠(IgG1、IgG2a或IgG2b或)IgGtot(Amersham,UK),并在37℃下温育1小时30分钟。在冲洗步骤后,加入在饱和缓冲液中稀释为1/5000的链霉抗生物素-生物素酰化过氧化物酶复合物(Amersham,UK),并继续在37℃下温育30分钟。如上洗板,并用TMB(四甲基联苯胺)温育10分钟。用4N H2SO4终止反应,并在450 nm读数。通过SoftmaxPro(使用四参数方程)计算中点稀释度。
结果
通过ELISA对汇集的血清测量的抗E7Ig滴度以EU/ml表示,如下所示:
基于E7-AlOH的制剂 | 基于E7-AlPO4的制剂 | |
明矾 | 4434 | 1651 |
明矾/MPL | 10780 | 12666 |
明矾/(明矾/MPL) | 13390 | 15495 |
当比较基于AlOH的制剂或基于AlPO4的制剂时,获得相当的滴度。与Al制剂获得的滴度5,000EU/ml相比,当把MPL加入AlOH或AlPO4制剂时,滴度达到高于10,000EU/ml。使用两种配制顺序获得相当的滴度。
关于抗原和MPL诱导抗原特异性抗体产生的能力,比较了配制的各种顺序(基于AlOH或AlPO4):
所有包含MPL的制剂都诱导比明矾制剂更高水平的E7特异性Ig。使用MPL和pD1/3-E7混合吸附于同一载体上的制剂(途径1)和其中MPL单独吸附于不含抗原的载体上的制剂(途径2),获得了相当的Ig滴度。
Claims (28)
1.包含吸附于金属盐颗粒上的免疫刺激剂的佐剂组合物,其特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含其它抗原。
2.权利要求1要求保护的佐剂组合物,其中所述金属盐颗粒是铝盐、锌盐、钙盐、铈盐、铬盐、铁盐或铍盐。
3.权利要求1或2要求保护的佐剂组合物,其中所述金属盐是磷酸盐或氢氧化物。
4.权利要求1到3中任一项要求保护的佐剂组合物,其中所述金属盐是氢氧化铝或磷酸铝。
5.权利要求1到4中任一项要求保护的佐剂组合物,其中所述免疫刺激剂是单磷酰脂质A。
6.权利要求5要求保护的佐剂组合物,其中所述单磷酰脂质A衍生物是3-脱氧酰化单磷酰脂质A。
7.权利要求1到4中任一项要求保护的佐剂组合物,其中所述免疫刺激剂是QS21。
8.权利要求1到4中任一项要求保护的佐剂组合物,其中所述免疫刺激剂是包含寡核苷酸的CpG。
9.生产疫苗组合物的方法,该方法包括将权利要求1描述的佐剂组合物与抗原混合。
10.权利要求9要求保护的生产疫苗组合物的方法,其特征在于所述抗原吸附于金属盐颗粒上。
11.权利要求9或10中任一项要求保护的方法,其中所述抗原选自:衍生自人免疫缺损病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、1型单纯疱疹病毒、2型单纯疱疹病毒、人巨细胞病毒、登革病毒、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎或戊型肝炎、呼吸道合胞病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、流感病毒、Hib、脑膜炎病毒、沙门氏菌属、奈瑟氏菌属、疏螺旋体属、衣原体属、博德特氏菌属、疟原虫属或弓形虫属的抗原、Ig E肽、Der p1、花粉相关抗原;或肿瘤相关抗原(TMA)、MAGE、BAGE、GAGE、MUC-1、Her-2neu、LnRH(GnRH)、CEA、PSA、KSA或PRAME。
12.包含两组主要复合物的疫苗组合物,第一组复合物包含(a)吸附于一种金属盐颗粒上的免疫刺激剂,其特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含抗原;第二组复合物包含(b)吸附于一种金属盐颗粒上的抗原。
13.包含两组主要复合物的疫苗组合物,第一组复合物包含(a)吸附于一种金属盐颗粒上的免疫刺激剂,其特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含抗原;第二组复合物包含(b)吸附于一种金属盐颗粒上的抗原,特征在于所述金属盐颗粒基本不含单磷酰脂质A或其衍生物。
14.权利要求12或13要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中在所述第一组复合物和所述第二组复合物中存在的金属盐是相同的。
15.权利要求12到14中任一项要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述第二组复合物包含多种亚复合物,每种亚复合物包含吸附于金属颗粒上的不同抗原。
16.权利要求12到15中任一项要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述金属盐是铝盐、锌盐、钙盐、铈盐、铬盐、铁盐或铍盐。
17.权利要求16要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述金属盐是磷酸盐或氢氧化物。
18.权利要求17要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述金属盐是氢氧化铝或磷酸铝。
19.权利要求12到18中任一项要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述免疫刺激剂是3-脱氧酰化单磷酰脂质A。
20.权利要求12到18中任一项要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述免疫刺激剂是QS21。
21.权利要求12到18中任一项要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述免疫刺激剂是CpG。
22.权利要求12到21中任一项要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述抗原选自:人免疫缺损病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、1型单纯疱疹病毒、2型单纯疱疹病毒、人巨细胞病毒、登革病毒、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎或戊型肝炎、呼吸道合胞病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、流感病毒、Hib、脑膜炎病毒、沙门氏菌属、奈瑟氏菌属、疏螺旋体属、衣原体属、博德特氏菌属、疟原虫属或弓形虫属、stanworth+肽、Der pl、花粉相关抗原;或癌症相关抗原、MAGE、BAGE、GAGE、MUC-1、Her-2neu、LnRH(GnRH)、CEA、PSA、酪氨酸酶、Survivin、KSA、或PRAME。
23.权利要求22要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述抗原是甲型肝炎抗原和乙型肝炎抗原的组合。
24.权利要求22要求保护的疫苗组合物,其中所述疟原虫抗原是选自以下的一种或多种抗原:RTS、S和TRAP。
25.权利要求22要求保护的疫苗组合物,应用于药物(medicine)。
26.权利要求22要求保护的疫苗组合物的用途,用于生产病毒感染、细菌感染、寄生虫感染、变态反应或癌症的免疫治疗性药物。
27.治疗患有病原体感染或癌症或变态反应或对这类疾病易感的哺乳动物的方法,包括给予安全有效量的依照权利要求22的疫苗组合物。
26.包括两个容器的试剂盒,其中一个容器盛有吸附到金属盐上的单磷酰脂质A或其衍生物;第二个容器盛有吸附到金属盐上的抗原。
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GB9822712.7 | 1998-10-16 | ||
GBGB9822712.7A GB9822712D0 (en) | 1998-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Vaccine |
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