JP6054942B2 - 免疫原性組成物、ならびに体液性および細胞性免疫応答を誘発するための該組成物の使用方法 - Google Patents
免疫原性組成物、ならびに体液性および細胞性免疫応答を誘発するための該組成物の使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6054942B2 JP6054942B2 JP2014504029A JP2014504029A JP6054942B2 JP 6054942 B2 JP6054942 B2 JP 6054942B2 JP 2014504029 A JP2014504029 A JP 2014504029A JP 2014504029 A JP2014504029 A JP 2014504029A JP 6054942 B2 JP6054942 B2 JP 6054942B2
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Description
本特許出願は、2011年4月8日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/473,660号の優先権を主張するものであり、この米国特許仮出願は、参照によりその全体が組み込まれる。
本願に関連する配列表は紙のコピーの代わりにテキスト形式で提供され、ここに参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる。配列表を格納したテキストファイルの名称は「46441A_SeqListing.txt」である。このテキストファイルは163,840バイトであり、作成日は2012年4月6日であり、EFS‐Webを介して電子的に提出される。
本開示は、概して、免疫原に対して特異的な免疫応答を亢進する方法に関し、この免疫応答の亢進は、少なくとも2つの組成物で対象を免疫して、免疫原に対する体液性免疫応答および細胞性免疫応答を誘発することにより行われる。
宿主の免疫系は、病原微生物に対する防御応答を迅速かつ特異的に開始する手段を提供し、また、悪性腫瘍の拒絶に寄与する手段を提供する。免疫応答は、一般に、分化Bリンパ球が抗原に特異的な抗体を産生する体液性応答、および様々な機序により種々のTリンパ球が抗原を排除する細胞媒介性応答を含むものと説明されている。例えば、特定の抗原を認識する能力のあるCD4(CD4+とも呼ばれる)ヘルパーT細胞は、サイトカイン等の可溶性メディエーターを放出して、免疫系のさらなる細胞を動員し免疫応答に参加させることにより、応答することができる。CD8(CD8+とも呼ばれる)細胞傷害性T細胞も特定の抗原を認識する能力があり、抗原を有している細胞または粒子に結合して、この細胞または粒子を破壊するか損傷させることができる。特に、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)応答を含む細胞媒介性免疫応答は、腫瘍細胞の除去、および微生物(ウイルス、細菌、寄生虫等)に感染した細胞の除去にとって重要であり得る。
特定の実施形態では、例えば以下が提供される:
(項目1)
対象に免疫応答を誘発する方法であって、(a)少なくとも第1免疫原を含む第1免疫原性組成物を少なくとも1回の投与で該対象に投与し、該少なくとも1つの免疫原は、第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する能力を有し;および(b)該第1免疫原をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む組換え発現ベクターを含む第2免疫原性組成物を、少なくとも1回の投与で該対象に投与することを含み、
これにより、該第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する、前記方法。
(項目2)
前記第1免疫原は第1ポリペプチドであり、前記ヌクレオチド配列は、該第1ポリペプチドとは異なる第2ポリペプチドをコードする、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
(i)前記第1免疫原性組成物はアジュバントをさらに含み;(ii)前記第2組成物はアジュバントをさらに含み;または(iii)該第1組成物と該第2組成物の各々がアジュバントをさらに含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記第2免疫原性組成物は、前記第1免疫原性組成物の投与の後に投与される、項目1または項目3に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記第2免疫原性組成物は、前記第1免疫原性組成物の投与の前に投与される、項目1または項目3に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記第1免疫原性組成物および前記第2免疫原性組成物は同時に投与される、項目1または項目3に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記第1免疫原性組成物は少なくとも2回投与で投与されるか、または前記第2免疫原性組成物は少なくとも2回投与で投与される、項目1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記第1免疫原性組成物は(a)2回投与;(b)3回投与;(c)4回投与;(d)または5回投与で投与される、項目1または項目3に記載の方法。
(項目9)
(a)前記第1免疫原性組成物の各投与は、前記第2免疫原性組成物の投与より前に投与されるか;(b)前記第1免疫原性組成物の少なくとも1回の投与は、前記第2免疫原性組成物の投与の後に投与されるか;(c)前記第1免疫原性組成物の少なくとも1回の投与は、前記第2免疫原性組成物の投与と同時に投与されるか;(d)前記第1免疫原性組成物の少なくとも1回の投与は、前記第2免疫原性組成物の投与より前に投与され、前記第1免疫原性組成物の残りの投与の各々は、前記第2免疫原性組成物の投与の後に投与されるか;または(e)該第1組成物の各投与は、該第2組成物と同時に投与される、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記第1免疫原が誘発する前記免疫応答は、前記第1指定抗原に対して特異的なCD4
T細胞免疫応答を含む、項目1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記第1免疫原が誘発する前記免疫応答は、前記第1指定抗原に対して特異的なCD8
T細胞免疫応答を含む、項目1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記第1免疫原性組成物は第2免疫原をさらに含み、前記組換え発現ベクターは該第2免疫原をコードするヌクレオチド配列をさらに含み、該第2免疫原は第2指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する、項目1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は同一である、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は互いに異なる、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記組換え発現ベクターは、第2指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する能力のある第2免疫原をコードするヌクレオチド配列をさらに含む、項目1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は同一である、項目15に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は互いに異なる、項目15に記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記第1免疫原が誘発する前記免疫応答は、前記第1指定抗原に対して特異的なCD4
T細胞応答を含む、項目12〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目19)
前記第2免疫原が誘発する前記免疫応答は、前記第2指定抗原に対して特異的なCD8
T細胞応答を含む、項目12〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記アジュバントは無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントである、項目3〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントはグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)である、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
GLAは安定な水中油型乳剤中で製剤化される、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記第1指定抗原は、(a)腫瘍関連抗原であるか、または(b)ウイルス、細菌、真菌、および寄生虫から選ばれる感染性微生物に由来する、項目1〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目24)
前記第1指定抗原は、腎細胞癌抗原、前立腺癌抗原、中皮腫抗原、膵癌抗原、メラノーマ抗原、乳癌抗原、肺癌抗原、および卵巣癌抗原から選ばれる腫瘍関連抗原である、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記前立腺癌抗原は、前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ、前立腺特異的抗原、NKX3.1、または前立腺特異的膜抗原である、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目26)
前記第1指定抗原はウイルス由来である、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目27)
前記ウイルスは単純ヘルペスウイルス2型(HSV‐2)である、項目26に記載の方法。
(項目28)
前記第1指定抗原はHSV‐2 UL19ポリペプチドまたはHSV‐2 gDポリペプチドである、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は腫瘍関連抗原である、項目12〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目30)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は、腎細胞癌抗原、前立腺癌抗原、中
皮腫抗原、膵癌抗原、メラノーマ抗原、乳癌抗原、肺癌抗原、および卵巣癌抗原から選ばれる、項目29に記載の方法。
(項目31)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は、前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ、前立腺特異的抗原、NKX3.1、または前立腺特異的膜抗原から選ばれる前立腺癌抗原である、項目30に記載の方法。
(項目32)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は、ウイルス、細菌、真菌、および寄生虫から選ばれる感染性微生物に由来する抗原である、項目12〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目33)
前記感染症微生物はウイルスである、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目34)
前記ウイルスは単純ヘルペスウイルス2型(HSV‐2)である、項目33に記載の方法。
(項目35)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原の少なくとも一方はHSV‐2 UL19ポリペ
プチドであり、前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原の他方はHSV‐2gDポリペプチドである、項目34に記載の方法。
(項目36)
前記組換え発現ベクターは、レンチウイルスベクターゲノム、ポックスウイルスベクターゲノム、ワクシニアウイルスベクターゲノム、アデノウイルスベクターゲノム、アデノウイルス関連ウイルスベクターゲノム、ヘルペスウイルスベクターゲノム、およびアルファウイルスベクターゲノムから選ばれる、項目1〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目37)
前記組換え発現ベクターはベクター粒子に組み込まれる、項目36に記載の方法。
(項目38)
前記ベクター粒子は前記組換え発現ベクターを抗原提示細胞に優先的に送達する、項目37に記載の方法。
(項目39)
前記抗原提示細胞は樹状細胞であり、好ましくはDC‐SIGNを発現する樹状細胞である、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目40)
前記ベクター粒子は、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノムを含むレンチウイルスベクター粒子;前記ポックスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むポックスウイルスベクター粒子;前記ワクシニアウイルスベクターゲノムを含むワクシニアウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルス関連ウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルス関連ウイルスベクター粒子;前記ヘルペスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むヘルペスウイルスベクター粒子;または前記アルファウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアルファウイルスベクター粒子である、項目37〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目41)
前記ベクター粒子は、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノム、およびDC‐SIGNを発現する樹状細胞に該レンチウイルスベクター粒子を優先的に送達するエンベロープを含むレンチウイルスベクター粒子であり、該エンベロープは、随意に、アルボウイルスエンベロープの変異体、またはアルファウイルスエンベロープの変異体である、項目40に記載の方法。
(項目42)
前記ベクター粒子はアルファウイルスベクター粒子であり、該アルファウイルスベクター粒子は、DC‐SIGNを発現する樹状細胞に該アルファウイルスベクター粒子を優先
的に送達するエンベロープを含む、項目41に記載の方法。
(項目43)
前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子は、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸変化を有するアミノ酸配列を含むシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含むエンベロープをさらに含む、項目42に記載の方法であって、配列番号1の残基160は存在しないかグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、該E2糖タンパク質は、シンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質を含む融合タンパク質の一部分ではない、前記方法。
(項目44)
前記E2糖タンパク質は、樹状細胞特異的細胞間接着分子‐3結合ノンインテグリン(DC‐SIGN)に結合する、項目43に記載の方法。
(項目45)
(a)第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する能力のある少なくとも第1免疫原を含む第1免疫原性組成物と、(b)該第1免疫原をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む組換え発現ベクターを含む第2免疫原性組成物と、を含む調製物。
(項目46)
前記第1免疫原が誘発する前記特異的な免疫応答は、前記第1指定抗原に対して特異的なCD4 T細胞応答を含む、項目45に記載の調製物。
(項目47)
前記第1免疫原が誘発する前記特異的な免疫応答は、前記第1指定抗原に対して特異的なCD8 T細胞応答を含む、項目45に記載の調製物。
(項目48)
前記第1免疫原性組成物は第2免疫原をさらに含み、前記組換え発現ベクターは該第2免疫原をコードするヌクレオチド配列をさらに含み、該第2免疫原は第2指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する、項目45〜47のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目49)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は同一である、項目48に記載の調製物。
(項目50)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は互いに異なる、項目48に記載の調製物。
(項目51)
前記組換え発現ベクターは、第2指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する能力のある第2免疫原をコードするヌクレオチド配列をさらに含む、項目45に記載の調製物。
(項目52)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は同一である、項目51に記載の調製物。
(項目53)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原は互いに異なる、項目51に記載の調製物。
(項目54)
前記第1免疫原が誘発する前記免疫応答は、前記第1指定抗原に対して特異的なCD4
T細胞応答を含む、項目51〜53のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目55)
前記第2免疫原が誘発する前記免疫応答は、前記第2指定抗原に対して特異的なCD8
T細胞応答を含む、項目51〜53のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目56)
(a)前記第1免疫原性組成物はアジュバントをさらに含み、(b)前記第2免疫原性組成物はアジュバントをさらに含み;または(c)前記第1免疫原性組成物と前記第2免疫原性組成物の各々がアジュバントをさらに含む、項目45〜55のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目57)
前記アジュバントは無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントである、項目56に記載の調製物。
(項目58)
前記無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントはグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)である、項目57に記載の調製物。
(項目59)
GLAは安定な水中油型乳剤中で製剤化される、項目58に記載の調製物。
(項目60)
前記第1指定抗原は、(a)腫瘍関連抗原であるか、または(b)ウイルス、細菌、真菌、および寄生虫から選ばれる感染性微生物に由来する、項目45〜59のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目61)
前記第1指定抗原は、腎細胞癌抗原、前立腺癌抗原、中皮腫抗原、膵癌抗原、メラノーマ抗原、乳癌抗原、肺癌抗原、および卵巣癌抗原から選ばれる腫瘍関連抗原である、項目60に記載の調製物。
(項目62)
前記前立腺癌抗原は、前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ、前立腺特異的抗原、NKX3.1、または前立腺特異的膜抗原である、項目61に記載の調製物。
(項目63)
前記第1指定抗原はウイルス由来である、項目60に記載の調製物。
(項目64)
前記ウイルスは単純ヘルペスウイルス2型(HSV‐2)である、項目63に記載の調製物。
(項目65)
前記第1指定抗原はHSV‐2 UL19ポリペプチドまたはHSV‐2 gDポリペプチドである、項目64に記載の調製物。
(項目66)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は腫瘍関連抗原である、項目49〜59のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目67)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は、腎細胞癌抗原、前立腺癌抗原、中皮腫抗原、膵癌抗原、メラノーマ抗原、乳癌抗原、肺癌抗原、および卵巣癌抗原から選ばれる、項目66に記載の調製物。
(項目68)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は、前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ、前立腺特異的抗原、NKX3.1、および前立腺特異的膜抗原から選ばれる前立腺癌抗原である、項目67に記載の調製物。
(項目69)
前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原の各々は、ウイルス、細菌、真菌、および寄生虫から選ばれる感染性微生物に由来する抗原である、項目48〜59のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目70)
前記感染症微生物はウイルスである、項目69に記載の調製物。
(項目71)
前記ウイルスは単純ヘルペスウイルス2型(HSV‐2)である、項目70に記載の調製物。
(項目72)
前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原の少なくとも一方はHSV‐2 UL19ポリペ
プチドであり、前記第1指定抗原と前記第2指定抗原の他方はHSV‐2gDポリペプチドである、項目71に記載の調製物。
(項目73)
前記組換え発現ベクターは、レンチウイルスベクターゲノム、ポックスウイルスベクタ
ーゲノム、ワクシニアウイルスベクターゲノム、アデノウイルスベクターゲノム、アデノウイルス関連ウイルスベクターゲノム、ヘルペスウイルスベクターゲノム、およびアルファウイルスベクターゲノムから選ばれる、項目45〜72のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目74)
前記組換え発現ベクターはベクター粒子に組み込まれる、項目73に記載の調製物。
(項目75)
前記ベクター粒子は前記組換え発現ベクターを抗原提示細胞に送達する能力を有する、項目74に記載の調製物。
(項目76)
抗原提示細胞は樹状細胞である、項目75に記載の調製物。
(項目77)
前記ベクター粒子は、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノムを含むレンチウイルスベクター粒子;前記ポックスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むポックスウイルスベクター粒子;前記ワクシニアウイルスベクターゲノムを含むワクシニアウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルス関連ウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルス関連ウイルスベクター粒子;前記ヘルペスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むヘルペスウイルスベクター粒子;または前記アルファウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアルファウイルスベクター粒子である、項目74〜76のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目78)
前記ベクター粒子は、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノムを含むレンチウイルスベクター粒子である、項目77に記載の調製物。
(項目79)
前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子は、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸変化を有するアミノ酸配列を含むシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含むエンベロープをさらに含む、項目78に記載の調製物であって、配列番号1の残基160は存在しないかグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、該E2糖タンパク質は、シンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質を含む融合タンパク質の一部分ではない、前記調製物。
(項目80)
前記E2糖タンパク質は、樹状細胞特異的細胞間接着分子‐3結合ノンインテグリン(DC‐SIGN)に結合する、項目79に記載の調製物。
(項目81)
(a)前記第1指定抗原;(b)前記第2指定抗原;または(c)前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原、のいずれかを有している腫瘍細胞に対して細胞傷害性Tリンパ球応答を誘発する際に用いる、項目60〜62および66〜68のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目82)
(a)前記第1指定抗原;(b)前記第2指定抗原;または(c)前記第1指定抗原および前記第2指定抗原、のいずれかを有している感染症微生物に対して細胞傷害性Tリンパ球応答を誘発する際に用いる、項目60、63〜65、および69〜72のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目83)
前記腫瘍関連抗原を有する複数の腫瘍細胞を含む腫瘍の発生または再発の可能性を低減する際に用いる、項目60〜62および66〜68のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
(項目84)
前記感染性微生物により引き起こされる感染を防止または治療する際に用いる、項目60、63〜65、および69〜72のいずれか一項に記載の調製物。
従来、感染症等の疾患および病態に対するワクチン投与には、対象をある組成物(初回免疫組成物)で免疫した後、別の組成物(追加免疫組成物)免疫するという戦略が含まれている。しかしながら、今までの二重ワクチン投与戦略では、CD4、CD8両方のT細胞応答、ならびに多くの疾患および病態に対して十分な保護を提供する体液性免疫は十分に誘発していない。
本明細書に記載する様々な免疫原性組成物は、協調的な免疫戦略で使用された場合に、特異的な適応免疫反応を誘発するのに有用な組成物である。ある1つの免疫原性組成物は、少なくとも1つの免疫原を含み、生理学的に適切な(すなわち薬剤的に許容可能または適切な)アジュバントをさらに含み得る。この第1免疫原性組成物に含まれる免疫原は、通常は単離された免疫原であり、この単離された免疫原は、その自然環境から単離されたものでも、組換えにより産生されたものでもよい。参照の便のため、第1免疫原性組成物に存在する免疫原を、本明細書では単離/組換え免疫原と呼ぶ。第2の別の組成物は、この免疫原をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む組換え発現ベクターを含む。第2の免疫原性組成物も、アジュバントをさらに含み得る。第1の組成物と第2の組成物の両方がアジュバントを含む場合、各組成物に含まれるアジュバントは同一でも、異なっていてもよい。
本明細書に記載される方法で使用される、および、本明細書に記載される使用法のための免疫原は、1つの免疫原性組成物に含まれる単離抗原および/もしくは組換え免疫原であり得るし、および/または第2の免疫原性組成物に含まれる組換え発現ベクターによってコードされ、その免疫原には、特定の免疫応答が望まれる任意の免疫原が含まれる。ある実施形態では、その免疫原は目的の指定抗原の代表的な全長型アミノ酸配列を含む、または、その免疫原はそれぞれの指定抗原の免疫原性断片であり得る。他の特定の実施形態では、免疫原は指定抗原の変異体を含むことができ、その変異体は代表的な全長型指定抗原と高パーセントの同一性を共有し、代表的なアミノ酸配列を含む指定抗原と実質的に同じレベルの免疫原性を示す(すなわち、変異体が、代表的抗原または野生型抗原の免疫原性と比較して統計的、臨床的および/または生物学的に有意な程度にまで免疫原性のレベルを保持する)。特に、免疫原性断片または指定抗原の変異体である免疫原は、対象において液性免疫応答(すなわち、特定の抗体を発現することになるB細胞応答)または細胞介在性応答(すなわち、CD4T細胞応答および/またはCD8T細胞応答、ならびに細胞傷害性Tリンパ球応答を含む))または液性応答と細胞介在性応答の両方を誘導する能力を統計学的、臨床的または生物学的に有意な方式で保持する。目的の指定抗原ならびにそれらの免疫原性断片および免疫原性変異体は本明細書においてより詳細に説明される。
本明細書に記載されるように、免疫原性組成物は、免疫原に対する免疫応答およびそのそれぞれの指定抗原に対する免疫応答を増強(または、向上、増大)する(すなわち、免疫原および指定抗原に対する特定の免疫応答のレベルを、アジュバントを投与しない場合の特定の免疫応答のレベルと比較して、統計的、生物学的または臨床的に有意な方式で上昇させる)ことが企図されている少なくとも1つのアジュバントをさらに含むことができる。ある実施形態では、免疫原性組成物は、単離された、および/または、組換え技術によるものであり得る少なくとも1つの免疫原と少なくとも1つのアジュバントを含む。
1つの実施形態では、免疫原およびそのそれぞれの指定抗原に対する免疫応答を誘導する少なくとも1つの免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含む組換え発現ベクターが提供される。免疫原からの効率的な転写および翻訳を得るために、それぞれのベクター中のコードポリヌクレオチド配列は、本明細書においてより詳細に記載される少なくとも1つの適切な発現制御配列(調節性発現配列または機構とも呼ばれる)(例えば、プロモーター、エンハンサー、リーダー)を含み、それはコードポリヌクレオチド配列に機能するように結合している。これらの組換え発現ベクターは、こうして、組換え発現ベクターまたは組換え発現ベクターを含有するベクター粒子で形質転換、形質導入または形質移入されている任意の適切な宿主細胞において免疫原の発現または少なくとも2つの免疫原の共発現を管理するようになる。
本明細書に記載されるように、組換え発現ベクターは少なくとも1つの調節性発現配列を含む。ある実施形態では、組換え発現ベクターがウイルス性ベクターゲノムを含むとき、特定の標的細胞において少なくとも1つの免疫原の発現が望まれる。例えばレンチウイルス性ベクターでは、免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列は5’LTR配列と3’LTR配列の間に位置するのが典型的である。さらに、コードヌクレオチド配列は、特定の様式で免疫原の発現を調節する他の遺伝的または調節性配列または機構、例えば、プロモーターまたはエンハンサーを含む転写調節配列と機能的関係で機能するように結合するのが好ましい。ある特定の例では、有用な転写調節配列は、時間的にも空間的にも活性に関して強力に調節されるものである。コードされるポリペプチドの発現の調節に使用され得る発現制御エレメントは当技術分野において公知であり、それらには誘導プロモーター、恒常的プロモーター、分泌シグナル、エンハンサー、および他の調節性配列が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
別の実施形態では、ベクター粒子が提供される。ベクター粒子は、少なくとも1つの免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含む、本明細書に記載される組換え発現ベクターのうちのいずれか1つを含む。ある特定の他の実施形態では、ベクター粒子は、特定の免疫応答を誘導する少なくとも1つの免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含む1つの組換え発現ベクター(第1組換え発現ベクターとも呼ばれる)を含む組換え発現システムを含む。少なくとも1つの(本明細書に記載されるような)免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを標的細胞に送達する方法も本明細書において提供される。特定の実施形態では、標的細胞は、抗原提示細胞である免疫細胞であり、より特別な実施形態では、本明細書に記載されるように、標的細胞は樹状細胞である。そのような方法はポリヌクレオチドを送達する媒体と標的細胞の接触(すなわち、相互作用の許可)を含む。本明細書に記載されるように、組換え発現ベクターは多シストロン性であり、少なくとも2つの免疫原をコードし、そして、少なくとも2つ免疫原の発現を管理し得る。本明細書において詳細に記載される特定の実施形態では、ポリヌクレオチドの送達方法は、免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含む組換え発現ベクターを含むベクター粒子を対象に投与することにより細胞を接触させることを含む。ベクター粒子、組換え発現ベクター、ポリヌクレオチドおよび免疫原は、本明細書においてより詳細に考察される。
節足動物に担持されるウイルス(アルボウイルス)は、感染しているカなどの媒介性節足動物によってヒト、ウマまたは鳥などの宿主に伝達されるウイルスである。アルボウイルスは、アルファウイルスおよびフラビウイルスを含むウイルスのサブファミリーにさらに分類されるが、それらは正極性の一本鎖RNAゲノムと糖タンパク質含有エンベロープを有する。例えば、デング熱ウイルス、黄熱ウイルスおよび西ナイルウイルスはフラビウイルス科に属し、シンドビスウイルス、セムリキ森林ウイルスおよびベネズエラ馬脳炎ウイルスはアルファウイルス科のメンバーである(例えば、 Wang et al., J. Virol. 66, 4992 (1992) を参照のこと)。シンドビスウイルスのエンベロープは2つの膜貫通糖タンパク質を含み(例えば、Mukhopadhyay et al. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 3, 13 (2005) を参照のこと)、E1は融合に関与すると考えられており、そして、E2は細胞結合に関与すると考えられている。シンドビスウイルスエンベロープ糖タンパク質は、オンコレトロウイルスおよびレンチウイルスを含む他のレトロウイルスをシュードタイプすることが知られている。
本明細書に記載されるように、免疫原に対する免疫応答を誘導する方法が提供される。免疫応答に関与する免疫システムの細胞は一般に免疫細胞と呼ばれ、リンパ球およびアクセサリー細胞などの非リンパ細胞を含む。リンパ球は、外来の抗原を特異的に認識し、それらに応答する細胞であり、アクセサリー細胞は特定の抗原に特異的ではないが、免疫応答の認識期と活性化期に関与する。例えば、単核食細胞(マクロファージ)、他の白血球(例えば、好中球、好酸球、好塩基球を含む顆粒球)、および樹状細胞は免疫応答の誘導においてアクセサリー細胞として機能する。リンパ球の外来抗原による活性化が、抗原を排除しようと機能する多数のエフェクター機構を誘導または誘発することになる。そのエフェクター機構に影響または関与する単核食細胞などのアクセサリー細胞はエフェクター細胞とも呼ばれる。
1つ以上の抗原に対する適応性抗原特異的免疫応答を誘導するために少なくとも2つの異なる免疫原性組成物を投与することを含む方法が本明細書において提供される。本明細書に記載される免疫原性組成物を用いる対象の二重免疫により液性免疫応答と細胞性免疫応答(CD4T細胞応答およびCD8T細胞応答を含む)が誘導される。その2つの免疫原性組成物は同時に、またはどちらかの順序で断続的に投与され得る。したがって、免疫応答のそれぞれが免疫原に特異的であり、したがって、それぞれの指定抗原に特異的である、CD4T細胞応答とCD8T細胞応答(および、それは細胞傷害性T細胞応答を含み得る)を含む、液性免疫応答と細胞性応答の誘導方法が本明細書において提供される。これらの方法は、(単離された、および/または組換え産生された)少なくとも1つの免疫原を含む免疫原性組成物を投与すること、および免疫原をコードし、その発現を管理する組換え発現ベクターを含む第2の免疫原性組成物を投与することを含む。
本開示のいくつかの実施形態では、投与を必要とする対象に複数の免疫原性組成物を投与する。種々の側面に応じて、以下のパラメータが変更される。パラメータとは、免疫原性組成物の投与回数、免疫原性組成物の投与経路、対象における免疫原性組成物の投与部位、免疫原性組成物の活性成分(複数可)の濃度または量、ならびに免疫原性組成物中の免疫原および/またはアジュバントの数である。
(a)以下を含む第1免疫原性組成物:
(1)(i)第1指定抗原、(ii)その免疫原性断片、または(iii)第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する能力のあるその変異体、のいずれかを含む第1ポリペプチド、および
(2)TLR4アゴニストアジュバントまたは無毒性リピドA関連アジュバント
の初回投与を対象に投与することと、
(b)組換え発現ベクターを優先的に抗原提示細胞に送達するベクター粒子を含む第2免疫原性組成物の初回投与を対象に投与することと、を含む方法であって、当該組換え発現ベクターは、(i)第1指定抗原、(ii)その免疫原性断片、または(iii)第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する能力のあるその変異体、のいずれかを含む第2ポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列を含み、
各々の投与量は、第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発または亢進する上で効果的な量である、方法。
または、GLAは、以下の化学式(Ib)から選ばれる構造を有し:
(1)(i)第1指定抗原、(ii)その免疫原性断片、または(iii)第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発する能力のあるその変異体、のいずれかを含む第1ポリペプチド、および
(2)TLR4アゴニストアジュバントまたは無毒性リピドA関連アジュバント
を含み、
このポリペプチドおよびアジュバントの各々の量は、第1指定抗原に対して特異的な免疫応答を誘発または亢進するのに効果的な量である。
免疫原に対する免疫応答:免疫原およびアジュバントの投与
本実施例は、Toll様受容体4(TLR4)のアゴニストであるアジュバントを組み合わせた免疫原で誘発した免疫応答について述べる。
アジュバントと組み合わせた免疫原、およびウイルス組換え発現ベクターによる発現時に対する免疫応答
本実施例は、アジュバントと組み合わせた免疫原でマウスを免疫するか、免疫原をコードし発現する組換え発現ベクターを含むベクター粒子でマウスを免疫した場合に誘発される免疫応答について述べる。
免疫原(卵白アルブミン)に対する免疫応答:2つの免疫原性組成物の投与
本実施例は、免疫原をコードし発現する組換え発現ベクターを含むベクター粒子で最初にマウスを免疫し、次いで、アジュバントと組み合わせた免疫原でマウスを免疫した場合に誘発される免疫応答について述べる。
免疫原(HSV‐2 UL19)に対する免疫応答:2つの免疫原性組成物の投与
本実施例は、マウスを、免疫原をコードし発現する組換え発現ベクターを含有するベクター粒子を含む免疫原性組成物で免疫した場合、アジュバントと組み合わせた免疫原を含む免疫原性組成物で免疫した場合、または、各免疫原性組成物で逐次的に免疫した場合に誘発される免疫応答について述べる。
免疫原(HSV‐2 UL19)に対する免疫応答:2つの免疫原性組成物の投与
本実施例は、アジュバントと組み合わされた免疫原を含む免疫原性組成物と、免疫原をコードし発現する組換え発現ベクターを含有するベクター粒子を含む免疫原性組成物で、同時にマウスを免疫した場合に誘発される免疫応答について述べる。
第1免疫原とアジュバントを含む免疫原性組成物の投与、および第1免疫原と第2免疫原を発現するための組換え発現ベクターを含むベクター粒子の投与により誘発される免疫応答
DC‐NILVベクターの構築:実施例1に記載の通りにDC‐NILVベクターを調製する。HSV‐2タンパク質であるgDとUL19は、2つの抗原が自己開裂2Aペプチドで分離されたマルチシストロン性ベクター内でコードされる(例えばSzymczak et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 22:589 (2004); Trichas et al.,BMC. Biol. 6:40 (2008); Yang et al., Gene Ther. 15:1411 (2008)を参照)。当技術分野で日常的に実践されている分子生物学的方法および手法に従って、gDとUL19の両方を発現するように組換え発現ベクターを構築する。レンチウイルスベクターの構築については、国際公開第2011/011584号も参照のこと。
初回/追加免疫投与計画がSIV‐GAGに対して強い機能性CD8T細胞応答を誘発する
本実施例は、免疫原をコードし発現する組換え発現ベクターを含むベクター粒子で最初にマウスを免疫(初回免疫)し、次いで、免疫原をコードし発現する組換え発現ベクターでマウスを免疫(追加免疫)した場合に誘発される免疫応答について述べる。
免疫原とアジュバントの投与がTH1 CD4 T細胞応答を誘発する
本実施例は、アジュバント(GLA)を組み合わせたSIV免疫原で誘発した免疫応答について述べる。
同一ビヒクルの複数回投与ワクチン接種と異種の複数回投与ワクチン接種投与計画の比較、および初回/追加免疫ワクチン投与の順序
本実施例では、SIV‐Gag組換えタンパク質+GLA‐SEおよびSIV‐Gag発現DC‐NILVを用いた、異種の、初回、追加、追加ワクチン投与により誘発される免疫応答について述べる。
2回目追加免疫が、異種ワクチン投与によるCD8 T細胞、Th1 CD4 T細胞両方の応答を増加させる
本実施例は、rSIV‐GagとGLA‐SEで追加免疫した異種ワクチン投与により誘発される免疫応答について述べる。
アジュバントを伴う合成長鎖ペプチドにより、DC‐NILVが発生させたCD8 T細胞応答を追加刺激し得る
本実施例は、SIV‐GagをコードするDC‐NILVで誘発され、合成長鎖ペプチド(SLP)とGLA‐SEで追加免疫される免疫応答について述べる。
Claims (17)
- 対象への第1免疫原性組成物および第2免疫原性組成物の投与によって該対象に免疫原に対する免疫応答を初回免疫し、追加免疫する方法において使用するための製品であって、該製品は、
(a)レンチウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1免疫原性組成物であって、該レンチウイルスベクター粒子が、アルファウイルスエンベロープと、該免疫原またはその免疫原性断片をコードするレンチウイルスベクターゲノムとを含む、第1免疫原性組成物、ならびに
(b)(i)少なくとも該免疫原またはその免疫原性断片および(ii)TLR4アゴニストを含む第2免疫原性組成物
を含み、ここで、該方法において、該第1免疫原性組成物は、該第2免疫原性組成物の前に、または、該第2免疫原性組成物と同時に投与される、製品。 - 対象に免疫原に対する免疫応答を初回免疫し、追加免疫する方法において使用するための製品であって、該製品は、
レンチウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1免疫原性組成物であって、該レンチウイルスベクター粒子が、アルファウイルスエンベロープと、該免疫原またはその免疫原性断片をコードするレンチウイルスベクターゲノムとを含む、第1免疫原性組成物
を含み、ここで、該方法は、(i)少なくとも該免疫原またはその免疫原性断片および(ii)TLR4アゴニストを含む第2免疫原性組成物の前に、または、該第2免疫原性組成物と同時に、該第1免疫原性組成物を該対象に投与することを含む、製品。 - 対象に免疫原に対する免疫応答を初回免疫し、追加免疫する方法において使用するための製品であって、該製品は、
(i)少なくとも該免疫原またはその免疫原性断片および(ii)TLR4アゴニストを含む第2免疫原性組成物
を含み、ここで、該方法は、レンチウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1免疫原性組成物であって、該レンチウイルスベクター粒子が、アルファウイルスエンベロープと、該免疫原またはその免疫原性断片をコードするレンチウイルスベクターゲノムとを含む、第1免疫原性組成物の投与後に、または、該第1免疫原性組成物の投与と同時に、該対象に該第2免疫原性組成物む投与することを含む、製品。 - 前記第1免疫原性組成物は少なくとも2回投与で投与されるか、または前記第2免疫原性組成物は少なくとも2回投与で投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記第1免疫原性組成物および前記第2免疫原性組成物は同時に投与され、そして2回投与で投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記TLR4アゴニストは、以下の構造:
- A1はホスフェートまたはリン酸塩であり、A2は水素であり、R1、R3、R5およびR6はウンデシルであり、R2およびR4はトリデシルである、請求項6に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記化合物は、安定な水中油型乳剤中に製剤されている、請求項6または7に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記免疫原は、(a)腫瘍関連抗原であるか、または(b)ウイルス、細菌、真菌、および寄生虫から選ばれる感染性微生物に由来する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記免疫原は、腎細胞癌抗原、前立腺癌抗原、中皮腫抗原、膵癌抗原、メラノーマ抗原、乳癌抗原、肺癌抗原、および卵巣癌抗原から選ばれる腫瘍関連抗原である、請求項9に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記免疫原は、前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ、前立腺特異的抗原、NKX3.1、前立腺特異的膜抗原、PRAME、BAGE、RAGE、Lage(NY‐ESO‐1としても知られる)、SAGE、HAGE、GAGE、Plu‐1、HASH‐1、HasH‐2、Cripto、Criptin、MART‐1/Melan‐A、gp100、gp75、mda‐7、チロシナーゼ、チロシナーゼ関連タンパク質、p53、Ras、c‐Myc、A‐Raf、B‐RafおよびC‐Raf、MAGE‐A1、MAGE‐A2、MAGE‐A3、MAGE‐A4、MAGE‐A6、MAGE‐A10、MAGE‐A12、MART‐1、BAGE、DAM‐6、‐10、GAGE‐1、GAGE‐2、GAGE‐8、GAGE‐3、GAGE‐4、GAGE‐5、GAGE‐6、GAGE‐7B、NA88‐A、MART‐1、MC1R、Gp100、PSM、TRP‐1、TRP‐2、ART‐4、CAMEL、CEA、Cyp‐B、hTERT、hTRT、iCE、MUC1、MUC2、PRAME、P15、RU1、RU2、SART‐1、SART‐3、ウィルムス腫瘍抗原(WT1)、AFP、β‐カテニン/m、カスパーゼ‐8/m、CEA、CDK‐4/m、ELF2M、GnT‐V、G250、HSP70‐2M、HST‐2、KIAA0205、MUM‐1、MUM‐2、MUM‐3、ミオシン/m、SART‐2、TRP‐2/INT2、707‐AP、アネキシンII、CDC27/m、TPI/mbcr‐abl、BCR‐ABL、インターフェロン調節因子4(IRF4)、ETV6/AML、LDLR/FUT、Pml/RAR、腫瘍関連カルシウムシグナルトランスデューサー1(TACSTD1)TACSTD2、上皮成長因子受容体(EGFRおよびEGFRvIII)、血小板由来成長因子受容体(PDGFR)、血管内皮細胞増殖因子受容体(VEGFR)、インテグリン結合キナーゼ(ILK)、STAT3、STAT5、STAT6、HIF‐1、HIF‐2、核内因子κB(NF‐κB)、Notch1〜4、c‐Met、ラパマイシンの哺乳類の標的(mTOR)、WNT、PMSA、PR‐3、MDM2、メソテリン、腎臓細胞癌-5T4、SM22‐α、炭酸脱水酵素I(CAI)およびIX(CAIX)(G250としても知られる)、STEAD、TEL/AML1、GD2、プロテイナーゼ3、hTERT、肉腫転座切断点、EphA2、ML‐IAP、EpCAM、ERG(TMPRSS2ETS融合遺伝子)、NA17、PAX3、ALK、アンドロゲン受容体、サイクリンB1、ポリシアル酸、MYCN、RhoC、GD3、フコシルGM1、メソテリアン、PSCA、sLe、PLAC1、GM3、BORIS、Tn、GLoboH、NY‐BR‐1、RGs5、SART3、STn、PAX5、OY‐TES1、スパーム・プロテイン17、LCK、HMWMAA、AKAP‐4、SSX2、XAGE1、B7H3、レグマイン、TIE2、Page4、MAD‐CT‐1、FAP、MAD‐CT‐2およびfos関連抗原1である、請求項9に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記免疫原はウイルス由来である、請求項9に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記ウイルスは単純ヘルペスウイルス2型(HSV‐2)である、請求項12に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子はヌクレオチド配列を抗原提示細胞に送達する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記抗原提示細胞は樹状細胞であり、好ましくはDC‐SIGNを発現する樹状細胞である、請求項14に記載の使用するための製品。
- 前記エンベロープは、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸変化を有するアミノ酸配列を含むシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含む、請求項15に記載の使用するための製品であって、配列番号1の残基160は存在しないかグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、該E2糖タンパク質は、シンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質に融合されていない、使用するための製品。
- 前記E2糖タンパク質は、樹状細胞特異的細胞間接着分子‐3結合ノンインテグリン(DC‐SIGN)に結合する、請求項16に記載の使用するための製品。
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EA027236B1 (ru) | 2017-07-31 |
BR112013025799A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
AU2012243039B2 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
EP3632463A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
US20120328655A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
ZA201307394B (en) | 2015-03-25 |
EP2694099A1 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
EP2694099B1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
CA2832307A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
AU2012243039A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
MX2013011740A (es) | 2014-03-27 |
US9044420B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
CN103596586A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
US20150335733A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
NZ616304A (en) | 2016-01-29 |
IL228685A0 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
JP2014516355A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
SG194083A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
EA201391496A1 (ru) | 2014-03-31 |
IL228685A (en) | 2017-12-31 |
JP2017071629A (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
WO2012141984A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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