CN1323685A - 制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法 - Google Patents

制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1323685A
CN1323685A CN01120787A CN01120787A CN1323685A CN 1323685 A CN1323685 A CN 1323685A CN 01120787 A CN01120787 A CN 01120787A CN 01120787 A CN01120787 A CN 01120787A CN 1323685 A CN1323685 A CN 1323685A
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thermoplastic resin
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前田光男
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种通过熔融挤出方法,制备含空球的比重低的热塑性树脂组合物的方法,其中使用有螺杆的熔融捏合挤出机,挤出机在挤出方向的上游部分有上游侧供料部分和在下游部分不同于上游侧供料部分的下游侧供料部分,在上和下游侧供料部分之间的长度(L)与螺杆直径(D)之比(L/D)为4-30(L和D的长度单位相同);在螺杆的旋转下,比重为1.10或者更高的热塑性树脂从上游侧供料部分供入,以100重量份热塑性树脂计,从下游侧供料部分供入2-50重量份的空球。

Description

制备热塑生树脂组合物的方法
本发明涉及一种制备热塑生树脂组合物的方法。
热塑性树脂,特别是高耐热的热塑性树脂,即所谓的工程树脂广泛用作各种产品和零件如机器零件、家用电器、通信设备、OA零件、汽车零件和休闲物品的模塑材料。近年来,对产品和零件愈加要求尺寸的减少、重量的减轻和性能的提高。随之而来的是,要求更加轻质的热塑生树脂,同时尽可能保持其性能。
作为获得轻质热塑性树脂的手段,即降低其比重,已知的有混配空球的方法。热塑性树脂组合物混配空球在JP53-121851A,JP58-93759A,JP64-74258A等中有所描述。这些组合物通常通过熔融加工挤出的方式粒化制造。
然而,用通常的熔融加工挤出方法,由于熔融捏合作用下的剪切力,空球可能在相当高的速率下破裂。因此,难以获得低比重的组合物。
本发明的目的是解决上述问题,并提供一种通过熔融加工挤出方法,制备包含空球的低比重热塑生树脂组合物的方法。
本发明者经过深入研究,发现以特定的比例,向挤出机中供入热塑性树脂和空球,并使用特定的熔融加工挤出机可解决上述问题,因此完成了本发明。
也就是说,本发明涉及一种制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法,其中使用配有螺杆的熔融捏合挤出机,挤出机在挤出方向的上游部分有一个上游侧供料部分和一个在下游部分不同于所述上游侧供料部分的下游侧供料部分,在所述上游侧供料部分和所述下游侧供料部分之间的长度(L)与螺杆的直径(D)之比(L/D)为4-30(L和D的长度单位相同);在螺杆的旋转下,比重为1.10或者更高的热塑性树脂从上游侧供料部分供入,以100重量份热塑生树脂为基准,从下游侧供料部分供入2-50重量份的空球。
图1是熔融捏合挤出机的横截面视图,图中所使用的符号如下所示:
1:喷嘴
2:加热器
3:排气部分
4:料筒
5:下游侧供料部分
6:排气部分
7:上游侧供料部分
8:电动机
9:螺杆(螺杆直径,D)
10:加热器
11:捏合部分
12:变速箱
L:上游侧供料部分和下游侧供料部分之间的长度
本发明所使用的热塑生树脂的比重为1.10或更高,比重优选1.30或更高。当比重小于1.10时,为了降低比重,尽管有可能混配空球,但通常要求混配大量的空球。由于制造时剪切作用导致球的破裂的情形会发生,因此不宜使用。
热塑性树脂的例子包括液晶聚酯树脂、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯树脂、聚苯硫醚树脂、聚醚醚酮树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚砜树脂、聚醚砜树脂、聚醚酰亚胺树脂等,视需要,可使用其中的两种或多种。其中优选液晶聚酯树脂,由于其在熔融点的粘度低,对空球的剪切基本上很小。更优选流动温度在250℃或更高的液晶聚酯树脂。此处,流动温度是指在4℃/分的升温速率,9.81MPa的负载下,当使用毛细管粘度计,将热的树脂挤出通过内径为1mm、长度为10mm的喷嘴时,熔融粘度在48000泊时的温度。
本发明所使用的液晶聚酯是所谓的热致液晶聚合物的聚酯。其例子包括:
(1)一种聚合物,其中包括芳族二元羧酸、芳族二元醇和芳族羟基羧酸的组合;
(2)一种聚合物,其中包括不同种类的芳族羟基羧酸;
(3)一种聚合物,其中包括芳族二元羧酸和芳族二元醇的组合;和
(4)一种聚合物,其中芳族羟基羧酸与聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯反应。
它们在400℃或更低的温度下形成各向异性熔体。作为合成的原材料,其成酯衍生物可替代芳族二元羧酸、芳族二元醇和芳族羟基羧酸。
羧酸的成酯衍生物的例子包括:其中羧基转变成诸如反应性高的酰氯和酸酐基团的衍生物,以加速制备聚酯的反应;其中羧基与醇或乙二醇成酯的衍生物,该酯可通过酯基转移作用制备聚酯。而且,羟基的成酯衍生物例子包括其中羟基与羧酸成酯的衍生物,该酯可通过酯基转移作用制备聚酯。
芳族二元羧酸、芳族二元醇和芳族羟基羧酸可有一个或更多个卤原子、甲基、乙基和芳基取代基,只要该取代基不阻碍成酯性即可。
至于液晶聚酯的重复单元,可用下式说明,但并不限于这些:
衍生于芳族羟基羧酸的重复单元:
分子式2
Figure A0112078700051
在该分子式中,x1代表卤原子或烷基。
衍生于芳族二元羧酸的重复单元:
分子式3
Figure A0112078700061
在该分子式中,x2代表卤原子、烷基或芳基。
衍生于芳族二元醇的重复单元:
分子式4
在该分子式中,x3代表卤原子、烷基或芳基,x4代表氢原子、卤原子或烷基。
分子式5
特别优选的液晶聚酯具有综合的耐热性、机械性能和可加工性,其中上式A1所代表的重复单元的含量至少为30mol%。
具体地,那些具有下述(a)-(f)所示重复单元的合适结合:
(a):(A1),(B1)或(B1)和(B2)的混合物,和(C1)
(b):(A1)和(A2)
(c):在混合物(a)的结构单元中,部分(A1)用(A2)替代
(d):在混合物(a)的结构单元中,部分(B1)用(B3)替代
(e):在混合物(a)的结构单元中,部分(C1)用(C3)替代
(f):在混合物(b)的结构单元中,增加了结构单元(B1)和(C2)。
至于液晶聚酯树脂的制造方法,可使用众所周知的方法。关于用作基本结构的液晶聚酯(a)和(b),分别例举了描述于JP47-47870B和JP63-3888B等中的方法。
本发明所使用的空球是一般称为“球(ballon)”的那些,至于空球的材料,其例子是:无机材料如氧化铝、二氧化硅和玻璃等;有机材料如脲醛树脂和酚树脂等;视需要,可使用两种或多种的混合物。其中,从耐热性和机械强度方面考虑,玻璃是合适的。也就是说,玻璃球适于用作中空球。
从降低比重方面来考虑,以100重量份的液晶聚酯树脂为基准,空球的量为2重量份或更多,优选5重量份或更多,更优选10重量份或更多。从抑制空球破裂的角度考虑,空球的量为50重量份或更少和30重量份或更少。
从可模塑性角度考虑,空球的平均粒子直径优选5微米或更大,更优选10微米或更大。从抑制空球破裂和可模塑性的角度考虑,优选500微米或更少,更优选200微米或更少。此处,平均粒子直径是用粒子尺寸分布测量仪测量的。
而且,从降低比重的角度来考虑,空球中空部分的体积优选60%或更多。从抑制空球破裂的角度考虑,优选80%或更少。
空球中空部分的体积可通过下式获得:
中空部分的体积(%)=100×(1-ρ12)
式中ρ1代表空球的真实比重,ρ2代表空球的材料比重。
而且,填料可添加到本发明所使用的热塑性树脂中,其含量范围不影响本发明目的即可。
至于填料,其例子是:纤维的或针形的增强材料如玻璃纤维、硅灰石、碳纤维、钛酸钾晶须、硼酸铝晶须和二氧化钛晶须;无机填料如碳酸钙、白云石、滑石、粘土和玻璃珠等。这些可单独或两种或更多种同时使用。
其中,从强度的改进角度来考虑,优选混配无机纤维填料如玻璃纤维。在这种情况下,混配的量优选1重量份-40重量份,更优选3重量份-30重量份,更优选5-30重量份,以100重量份的液晶聚酯树脂为基准。
在本发明所使用的热塑性树脂中,可单独或同时两种或更多种地添加常用的添加剂如着色剂比如染料和颜料;抗氧剂;热稳定剂;紫外吸收剂;抗静电剂和表面活性剂,其含量范围不影响本发明目的即可。
而且,在本发明中,除了该热塑性树脂外,可添加少量的其它热塑性树脂,通常为30重量份或更少,以100重量份的热塑性树脂为基准,例如:聚酰胺、聚酯、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚和其改性物、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺等。
也可加入少量的热固性树脂,通常30重量份或更少,以100重量份的热塑性树脂为基准,例如,酚树脂、环氧树脂和聚酰亚胺树脂,这些可单独或两种或更多种同时使用。
本发明的制备方法的特征在于使用配有螺杆的熔融捏合挤出机,挤出机在挤出方向的上游部分有一个上游侧供料部分和一个在下游部分不同于所述上游侧供料部分的下游侧供料部分,在所述上游侧供料部分和所述下游侧供料部分之间的长度(L)与螺杆的直径(D)之比(L/D)为4-30(L和D的长度单位相同);在螺杆的旋转下,密度为1.10或者更高的热塑性树脂从上游侧供料部分供入,以100重量份热塑性树脂为基准,从下游侧供料部分供入2-50重量份的空球。
上游侧供料部分和下游侧供料部分之间的长度(L)与螺杆的直径(D)之比(L/D)为4-30(L和D的长度单位相同),优选10-20。当L/D小于4时,空球的破裂会增加,当大于30时,热塑性树脂的劣化会趋于增强。此处,上游侧供料部分和下游侧供料部分之间的长度(L)是与螺杆的轴平行的长度,该距离是测量每一供料部分孔的中心而得。
本发明中,尽管上游侧供料部分通常安装在与挤出方向相反的料筒的终端,但并不限于此。
另外,填料、添加剂等可从安装在挤出机合适位置的挤出机供料部分处,或者也可从上游和/或下游侧供料部分供料。或事先将其与热塑性树脂和/或玻璃纤维混合并从上游侧供料部分或下游侧供料部分供料。
从制备的简单与容易角度来考虑,优选从上游侧供料部分和/或下游侧供料部分供料。从抑制空球破裂的角度来考虑,更优选从上游侧供料部分供料。
从上游侧供料部分或下游侧供料部分供料过程中,仍然优选将填料、添加剂等事先与热塑性树脂和/或空球混合并将其从上游侧供料部分和/或下游侧供料部分供料入挤出机。
至于熔融捏合挤出机,例子有单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机。至于双螺杆挤出机,例子有同向旋转型、反向旋转型和不完全啮合型。优选使用的是同向旋转型双螺杆挤出机。同向旋转型的例子包括单螺纹螺杆型、双螺纹螺杆型和三螺纹螺杆型。反向旋转型的例子包括平行轴型和倾斜轴型。
在本发明优选使用的熔融捏合挤出机中,熔融捏合挤出机的下游侧供料部分的下游处的螺杆部分基本上仅由向挤出方向行进的螺纹螺杆组成,且无捏合部分。因此,空球的捏合弱,能抑制其破裂。此处,向挤出方向行进的螺纹螺杆是将热塑性树脂等通过螺杆旋转传送到挤出方向的螺纹螺杆,例如全螺纹螺杆。
捏合部分是指在螺杆部分制备的用于充分捏合的部分,至于捏合部分,在单螺杆挤出机的情况下,其例子有杜尔麦基式螺杆、单熔螺杆、针形螺杆、屏障式螺杆等。
另一方面,在双螺杆挤出机的情况下,其例子有捏合盘(右捏合盘、中捏合盘、左捏合盘)、混合螺杆等。
下面,本发明制造方法的实施方案用图为参考来说明。
图1是关于本发明熔融捏合挤出机(双螺杆)实施方案的结构视图。
安装在挤出机中的料筒4中,在电动机8的驱动下变化旋转速度使螺杆9旋转,其中旋转速度通过变速箱12来减慢,料筒4通过(外部)加热器10加热。
螺杆9的捏合部分11用于捏合热塑性树脂或捏合空球和热塑性树脂。
在该实施方案中,螺杆9在下游侧供料部分的下游处没有捏合部分。
在料筒4的挤出方向相反的终端,上游侧供料部分7用于供入热塑性树脂,在上游侧供料部分7的下游处,用于供入空球。为了定量供入热塑性树脂、空球等,在上游侧供料部分7和下游侧供料部分5安装一恒定出料料斗(未标明)。
而且,为了使用真空泵进行真空脱气,料筒4上的排气部分3和6用于放空。在料筒4上,喷嘴1用于挤出熔融捏合的热塑性树脂组合物,也与挤出机的尺寸有关,喷嘴上通常有直径为2-5mm的一些孔。
在本发明的方法中,如上所述,热塑性树脂通常从上游侧供料部分供料,空球从下游侧供料部分供料。但视需要,也有可能部分热塑性树脂从下游侧供料部分供料,和/或部分空球从上游侧供料部分供料。然而,从上游侧供料部分供料的空球供料量超过整个空球供料量的10%时,空球的破裂速率会变大。当从上游侧供料部分的液晶聚酯树脂供料量小于整个液晶聚酯树脂供料量的90%时,稳定的制造方法有时变得困难。
而且,除了空球,当填料等被添加时,考虑到空球的破裂抑制作用,优选从上游侧供料部分供入填料。
通过本发明的制造方法所制造的热塑性树脂组合物,除了热塑性树脂最初所具有的机械和热性能(耐热性)外,空球的破裂率低,比重小,导热性低。通过模塑法如注模,该热塑性树脂组合物可用作各种模制品。
当进行注模时,为了抑制空球的破裂,模塑机的注压和保压,根据需要,尽可能往低设定,只要该范围不影响模制品即可。
由本发明的树脂组合物模制的零件或材料部件没有特别限制。其例子包括:导电和电子零件如连接器、插座、继电器零件、线圈管、光学传感器、振荡器、印刷线路板和计算机相关零件:半导体相关零件如IC板和晶片载体;家用电器如VTR、电视、熨斗、空调、立体声系统、吸尘器、冰箱、煮饭锅和照明器材;照明器材零件如灯的反射罩和灯架;声学物品如压缩盘激光盘和扬声器;通信器材如光缆套圈、电话零件、传真零件和调制解调器;复印机相关零件如剥叶指杆和加热器架;机器零件如叶轮、风扇调速器、齿轮、轴承、电动机零件和容器;汽车零件如汽车的机械部件、发动机零件、发动机室零件、电子零件和室内设备;烹调器具如微波炉烹调用锅和耐热餐具;绝热材料或隔音材料如地板材料和墙体材料。
支撑材料如梁和柱;建筑材料和/或施工材料如房顶材料;飞机、空间器和空间器零件;辐射设备用零件如核反应器;海洋设备用零件、清洁用机床夹具(jigs)光学器材零件、灯泡、管道、喷嘴、过滤器、薄膜、医用器材零件和医用材料、传感器零件、卫生物品、运动物品、休闲用品等。
实施例
本发明的实施例如下所述,但本发明并不限于此。实施例的物理性能用下述方法测量。
(1)流动温度:流动温度是指使用由Shimadzu公司制备的Koka型CFT-500流动测试仪,在4℃/分的升温速率,9.81MPa的负载下,当热树脂挤出通过内径为1mm、长度为10mm的喷嘴时,熔融粘度在48000泊时所测量的温度。
(2)比重:根据ASTMD 792(23℃),使用ASTM No.4哑铃(厚度为2.5mm)测量。通过使用64×64×15mm厚的测试片或127mm长、12.7mm宽和6.4mm厚的测试片获得等效结果。
(3)破裂率:根据下式计算:
破裂率X(%)=100×[(100/ρ0+α/ρ1+β/ρ3)-(100+α+β)/ρ]/(α/ρ1-α/ρ2)
式中α是玻璃球的配方量(以100重量份的液晶聚酯树脂为基准的重量份数),β是玻璃纤维的配方量(以100重量份的液晶聚酯树脂为基准的重量份数),ρ0是液晶聚酯树脂的比重,ρ1是玻璃球的真实比重,ρ2是玻璃球的测量比重,ρ3是玻璃纤维的比重,ρ是通过注模液晶聚酯树脂组合物二获得的ASTMNo.4哑铃(2.5mm厚)的比重。(4)导热性:使用64×64×15mm厚的测试片,根据JISR2618测量。
(5)挠曲强度:根据ASTMD790,使用127mm长、12.7mm宽和6.4mm厚的测试片测量。
实施例1-2,比较例1
液晶聚酯树脂的下述每一组份如下所示,组合物中的玻璃球和玻璃纤维列于表1中,将其在400℃的料筒温度下,使用双螺杆挤出机(由IKG公司制备的PMT47)进行粒化,获得液晶聚酯树脂组合物粒子。
在双螺杆挤出机中,供料位置设在两个地方,即上游部分和下游部分。每一组份的供料位置和上游侧供料部分和所述下游侧供料部分之间的长度(R)与螺杆的直径(D)之比(L/D)列于表1。
在下游侧供料部分的下游侧使用螺纹螺杆。
而且,从上游侧供料部分到下游侧供料部分,捏合盘(右捏合盘、中捏合盘、左捏合盘)与螺纹螺杆同时使用。
-液晶聚酯树脂:由上述结构单元(A1),(B1),(B2)和(C1)组成,(A1)∶(B1)∶(B2)∶(C1)的摩尔比=50∶23.75∶1.25∶25,上述液晶聚酯树脂的流动温度为380℃[比重为1.38]。
-玻璃球:玻璃球的平均粒子直径为30微米[Sumitomo 3M Limited制备,中空体积为76%,商品名:Scotch light S60,真实比重为0.60,测量比重为2.50]。
-玻璃纤维:纤维碎片[Asahi纤维玻璃制备,商品名:CS03JAPX-1,比重2.54]。
所得到的粒子使用Nissei Plastic Industrial制备的PS40E5ASE型注模机,在130℃的模温,400℃的料筒温度下注模,并获得上述测试片,进行上述测量。结果见表1。
表1
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
组合物(份数) 液晶聚酯 100  100  100
玻璃球 18.8  18.8  18.8
玻璃纤维 6.3  6.3  6.3
供料 液晶聚酯 上游侧 上游侧 上游侧
玻璃球 下游侧 下游侧 上游侧
玻璃纤维 上游侧 下游侧 上游侧
L/D  L/D 14  14  -
评价 比重 1.21  1.24  1.35
破裂率(%) 12.1  22.6  57.2
导热性(W/mK) 0.39  0.41  0.45
挠曲强度(kg/cm2) 910  1050  1170
根据本发明的方法,低比重、含空球的热塑性树脂组合物可通过熔融加工挤出法制造。

Claims (7)

1.一种制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法,其中使用配有螺杆的熔融捏合挤出机,挤出机在挤出方向的上游部分有一个上游侧供料部分和一个在下游部分不同于所述上游侧供料部分的下游侧供料部分,在所述上游侧供料部分和所述下游侧供料部分之间的长度(L)与螺杆的直径(D)之比(L/D)为4-30,L和D的长度单位相同;在螺杆的旋转下,比重为1.10或者更高的热塑生树脂从上游侧供料部分供入,以100重量份热塑生树脂为基准,从下游侧供料部分供入2-50重量份的空球。
2.权利要求1所述的制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法,其中以100重量份的液晶聚酯树脂为基准,进一步将1-40重量份的无机填料从上游侧供料部分和/或下游侧供料部分供入。
3.权利要求1或2所述的制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法,其中熔融捏合挤出机的下游侧供料部分的下游处的螺杆部分基本上仅由向挤出方向行进的螺纹螺杆组成,且无捏合部分。
4.权利要求1-3任何一项所述的制备热塑生树脂组合物的方法,其中空球的平均粒子直径为5-500微米,中空体积为60-80%。
5.权利要求1-4任何一项所述的制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法,其中热塑生树脂是液晶聚酯树脂。
6.权利要求5所述的制备热塑性树脂组合物的方法,其中如下定义的液晶聚酯树脂的流动温度为250℃或更高。流动温度是指在4℃/分的升温速率,9.81MPa的负载下,当使用毛细管粘度计,将热树脂挤出通过内径为1mm、长度为10mm的喷嘴时,熔融粘度在48000泊时的温度。
7.权利要求5或6所述的制备热塑生树脂组合物的方法,其中液晶聚酯树脂具有30摩尔%或更高的下述结构单元(A1):
Figure A0112078700021
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