CN1257542A - 喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶表达的调节 - Google Patents
喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶表达的调节 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1257542A CN1257542A CN98805370A CN98805370A CN1257542A CN 1257542 A CN1257542 A CN 1257542A CN 98805370 A CN98805370 A CN 98805370A CN 98805370 A CN98805370 A CN 98805370A CN 1257542 A CN1257542 A CN 1257542A
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Abstract
提供了编码植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)的DNA,以及含有该DNA的构建体。还提供了改变喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶表达的方法。
Description
本发明受联邦政府资助,国家科学基金拨款号为No.MCB-9206506。政府对本发明享有一定的权利。
发明领域
本发明涉及植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)以及编码该酶的DNA。特别地,本发明涉及利用编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA生产具有基因改造烟碱水平的转基因植物,和由此产生的植物。
发明背景
考虑到烟碱有令人上瘾的特性,生产烟碱水平减少的烟草是令人感兴趣的。此外,在作为转基因受体以表达具商业价值的产品例如药物、化妆品组分或食品添加剂方面,具有极低烟碱生产水平或无烟碱产生的烟草是有吸引力的。已经设计有众多的方法可用于从烟草中除去烟碱。然而,这些方法中的大多数还会除去烟草中除烟碱外的其它成分,从而对烟草质量有不利影响。利用经典的农作物育种技术已经获得了比野生型烟草类植物中烟碱水平更低(约低8%)的烟草类植物。人们期望得到具有更低水平烟碱的烟草类植物和烟草。
降低生物学产物水平的方法之一是减少导致该产物产生的生物合成途径中所需酶的量。若受影响的酶天然以限速量(相对于途径中所需的其它酶类)存在,则该酶丰度的任何减少将会导致终产物产量的减少。如果该酶量不是限速量的,为了消除此途径的产物,就必须将其在细胞中的产生量降低到限速量水平。相反地,如果酶的存在量是限速性的,那么此酶活性的任何增加会增加此生物合成途径的终产物。
烟碱最初形成于烟草类植物的根中并随后被转移到叶中,并在此贮存[Tso,烟草类植物生理学和生物化学(Physiology andBiochemistry of Tobacco Plants),第233-34页,Dowden,Hutchinson & Ross,Straudsburg,Pa.(1972)]。烟碱生物合成中的限制性步骤是由喹啉酸形成烟酸,该步骤由喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(“QPRT酶”)催化。QPRT酶似乎是烟草中由烟酸至烟碱合成途径中的限速酶。见,例如,Feth等,“烟草愈伤组织内烟碱途径中酶活性的调节”,植物(planta),168,pp.402-07(1986);Wagner等,“烟草中烟碱途径酶活性的调节”,植物生理学(Physiol.Plant.),68,pp.667-72(1986)。Nakatani和Malik的美国专利5,369,023和5,260,205中提出,通过反义调节腐败甲基转移酶(putrescencemethyl transferase,PMT酶)的表达来改变烟草类植物中的烟碱水平。在Wahad和Malik的PCT申请WO94/28142中描述了编码PMT的DNA和有义及反义PMT构建体的使用。
发明概述
本发明首要方面是包括SEQ ID No.1的分离DNA分子;编码具SEQID No.2序列的酶的DNA序列;可与此DNA杂交并编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA序列;和由于遗传密码简并性导致与上述DNA不同的DNA序列。本发明更进一步的方面是由这种DNA编码的肽。
本发明另一方面是一种DNA构建体,它含有植物细胞中可操作的启动子和位于该启动子下游并与之可操作连接的编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA片段。编码该酶的DNA可以是反义或有义的方向。
本发明另一方面是通过提供一种已知表达喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的植物细胞,用含有启动子及含编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的序列部分的DNA的外源DNA构建体转化该植物细胞,而制备其喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达有所减少的转基因植物细胞。
本发明另一方面是转基因烟草植物,与未转化对照植株相比,其喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的表达减少。这种植物的细胞内有包含植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的一段编码DNA序列的DNA构建体。
本发明另一方面是减少植物细胞中喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶表达的方法,该方法是通过培养已转化而含有外源DNA的植物细胞进行的,其中外源DNA的被转录链与该细胞内源喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA互补。该互补链的转录降低了内源喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶基因的表达。
本发明另一方面是叶片中烟碱水平减少的烟草植物的制备方法,该方法通过培养细胞中含有外源DNA序列的烟草植物而进行,其中外源DNA序列的被转录链与细胞内源喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的信使RNA互补。
本发明一方面是喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达增加的转基因植物细胞的制备方法,该方法通过向已知表达喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的植物细胞中转入含有喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶编码DNA序列的外源DNA构建体而进行。
本发明另一方面是喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达增加的转基因烟草植物,其中该转基因植物的细胞中含有编码植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的外源DNA序列。
本发明另一方面是增加植物细胞中喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶基因表达的方法,该方法通过培养已被转化而含有编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的外源DNA的植物细胞进行。
本发明另一方面是叶片中烟碱水平增加的烟草植物的生产方法,该方法通过培养其细胞中含有编码细胞内具功能的喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的外源DNA序列的烟草植物而进行。
附图简述
图1显示烟碱的生物合成途径。已知受Nic1和Nic2调节的酶活性是QPRT酶(喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶)和PMT酶(腐败甲基转移酶)。
图2A显示NtQPT1 cDNA(SEQ ID No.1)的核酸序列,其编码序列(SEQ ID No.3)用大写字母表示。
图2B提供了由NtQPT1 cDNA编码的烟草QPRT酶推断的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.2)。
图3对比了推断的NtQPT1氨基酸序列与深红红螺菌、麻风分枝杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、人和酿酒酵母中的相关序列。
图4显示缺失喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的大肠杆菌突变体(TH265)用NtQPT1 cDNA的互补结果。用带有NtQPT1的表达载体转化细胞;表达NtQPT1的转化TH265细胞在无烟酸的基本培养基中能生长,这表明NtQPT1编码QPRT酶。
图5比较了在Nic1和Nic2烟草突变体中的烟碱水平和相关的NtQPT1 mRNA稳态水平:野生型Burley21(Nic1/Nic1 Nic2/Nic2);Nic1- Burley 21(nic1/nic1 Nic2/Nic2);Nic2- Burley21(Nic1/Nic1 nic2/nic2);和Nic1- Nic2- Burley21(nic1/nic1nic2/nic2)。实心图栏显示mRNA转录水平;影线图栏显示烟碱水平。
图6列出随着时间的推移,去梢烟草植物与未去梢对照植物比较的NtQPT1 mRNA相对水平。实心栏显示mRNA转录水平;影线栏显示烟碱水平。
发明详述
在烟草植物中,烟碱是由烟酸与4-甲基氨基丁醇缩合产生的。导致烟碱产生的生物合成途径见图1。两调节位点(Nic1和Nic2)作为烟碱产生的共显性调节子起作用。Nic单、双突变体根部的酶学分析显示,喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)和腐败甲基转移酶(PMT酶)两种酶的活性与烟碱生物合成水平成正比例关系。烟草组织(根和愈伤组织)中酶活性与烟碱合成的不同能力间的比较显示,QPRT酶活性与烟碱含量直接相关(Wagner和Wagner,植物(Planta),165:532(1985))。Saunders和Bush(植物生理学(Plant Physiol)64:236(1979))的研究显示,在低烟碱突变体根部的QPRT酶水平与叶片中烟碱水平成比例关系。
本发明包括一新型cDNA序列(SEQ ID No.1),它编码具SEQ IDNo.2序列的植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)。因为QPRT酶活性与烟碱含量严格相关,构建与野生型植物内水平相比其根部QPRT酶水平降低的转基因烟草植物后,会导致植物叶片中的烟碱水平下降。本发明提供了生产这种转基因植物的方法和核酸构建体以及这种转基因植物。这种方法包括反义NtQPT1 RNA的表达,从而降低烟草根部QPRT酶的量。其外烟碱还被发现存在于非烟草类的植物中,尽管存在量通常远比烟草中低。
本发明还提供了编码QPRT酶或QPRT酶反义RNA分子的有义和反义重组DNA分子,和含有那些重组DNA分子的载体,以及用那些DNA分子和载体转化的转基因植物细胞和植物。本发明的转基因烟草细胞和植物与未转化的对照烟草细胞和植物相比,具更低或更高烟碱含量的特征。
具极低烟碱产生水平、或无烟碱产生的烟草植物,作为转基因的受体以表达有商业价值的产物诸如药物、化妆品组分或食品添加剂是有吸引力的。烟草作为编码目的产物的转基因的受体植物是有吸引力的,因为烟草易于进行基因工程操作,并且每英亩可产生非常大的生物量;对于烟碱产生所用资源减少的烟草植物,相应地将会有更多的资源用来生产转基因产物。用生产目的产物的转基因转化烟草的方法在本领域众所周知;任何合适的技术都可用于本发明的低烟碱烟草植物。
根据本发明,具减少的QPRT酶表达和减少的烟碱水平的烟草植物,可期望用来生产具减少的烟碱含量的烟草产品。根据本发明的烟草植物,可适用于任何传统的烟草产品,包括但并不限于烟丝,叶卷烟和卷烟烟草,和嚼烟烟草,和包括叶烟、碎烟或切烟在内的任何形式。
本发明构建体也可用于提供具植物体内增加的QPRT酶表达和增加的烟碱含量的转基因植物。这种构建体,利用这些构建体的方法和由此生产的植物可以期望用于生产具更改的烟碱含量的烟草产物,或生产为了其杀虫效果而增加烟碱含量的植物。
本发明者已经发现,TobRD2基因[见Conkling等,植物生理,93,1203(1990)]编码烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)QPRT酶,并在这里提供了NtQPT1(先前称之为TobRD2)的cDNA序列和所编码酶的氨基酸序列。将NtQPT1氨基酸序列与GenBank数据库相比较,显示其与编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)(图3)的细菌蛋白具有限的序列相似性。
在原核和真核生物中,喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶是从头的烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)生物合成所必需的。在烟草的根部而不是叶片中,检测到高水平的QPRT酶。为了确定是NtQPT1编码QPRT酶,本发明者利用了大肠杆菌细菌株系(TH265),一种缺乏喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(nadC-)的突变体。这种突变体在缺乏烟酸的基本培养基上不能生长。然而,该细菌株系中NtQPT1蛋白的表达提供了NadC+表型(图4),这证实NtQPT1编码QPRT酶。
本发明者检测了烟草Nic1和Nic2突变体的效果,和去顶梢烟草植物内NtQPT1稳态mRNA水平和烟碱水平的影响。(通过在开始开花时去顶梢以除去顶端优势,众所周知可导致烟草中烟碱生物合成及转运水平的增加,这是烟草生产中的标准应用方法。)如果NtQPT1确实与烟碱生物合成有关,可以预期:(1)在Nic1/Nic2双突变体中NtQPT1mRNA水平会更低,和(2)去梢后NtQPT1 mRNA水平会增加。已经发现,在Nic1/Nic2双突变体中NtQPT1 mRNA水平大约是野生型的25%(图5)。其外,去梢6小时内,烟草植物中的NtQPT1 mRNA水平增加大约8倍。因此,NtQPT1被确定是烟碱生物合成途径中的关键性调节基因。
转基因植物细胞和植物
植物细胞基因组中基因表达的调节可以如下进行:将处于宿主细胞中有功能的启动子控制之下的外源DNA整合到该植物细胞基因组中,其中外源DNA的转录链与待调节的内源基因的转录DNA链互补。该引入的DNA被称为反义DNA,提供了与自然产生(内源)mRNA互补并且能抑制该内源mRNA表达的RNA序列。此类基因表达调节的机制并没有完全被理解。尽管并不希望被任何单一理论所束缚,值得一提的是,反义调节假设的一种理论认为反义DNA转录产生的RNA分子能与内源mRNA分子结合并阻止或抑制其转录。
本发明方法中,反义产物可以互补于天然靶RNA的编码或非编码(或两者全部)部分。可以用任何合适方法将反义构建体导入植物细胞中,并可以整合到植物基因组中,以进行反义序列的诱导或组成型转录。见,例如,Shewmarker等的美国专利号No.5,453,566和5,107,065(全文引入作为参考)。
如这里所用,外源的或异源DNA(或RNA)是指通过人类的努力已被导入细胞(或细胞祖先)的DNA(或RNA)。该异源DNA可以是被转化细胞中天然存在序列或其片段的拷贝。
为了生产与未转化的对照烟草植物相比具降低QPRT酶水平并由此具更低烟碱含量的烟草植物,可以用含有部分QPRT cDNA序列、全长QPRT cDNA序列、部分QPRT染色体序列或全长QPRT染色体序列以反义方向连在可操作的适当调节序列中的外源QPRT反义转录单元,来转化烟草细胞。适当的调节序列包括在将被转化的植物中可操作的转录起始序列(“启动子”),和多聚腺苷酸化/转录终止序列。标准技术,诸如限制作图,Southern杂交,和核酸序列分析,可用来确证携有以反义方向可操作连接调节序列的QPRT酶序列的克隆。然后从成功转化的细胞中再生出烟草植物。最优选的是,所利用的反义序列与内源序列互补,然而,可以容忍外源与内源序列间有微小差异。优选的是,反义DNA序列应有充分的序列同源性,使其能够在以下所述的严格条件下与细胞内待调节的内源序列相结合。
在数个实验室中都曾利用反义技术创造与正常量相比水平减少的特异酶类的转基因植物。例如,通过将查耳酮合酶反义基因插入烟草和矮牵牛基因组中,已经产生出具更低水平查耳酮合酶的植物(查耳酮合酶是花色素生物合成途径中的一种酶)。这些转基因烟草和矮牵牛植物开的花的颜色比正常更浅(Van der Krol等,“转基因植物中的反义查耳酮合酶基因抑制花色素产生”,自然(Nature),333,866-69(1988))。反义RNA技术已被成功用来抑制西红柿中聚半乳糖醛酸酶的产生[Smith等,“转基因西红柿中聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因表达的反义RNA抑制”,自然,334,pp.724-26(1988);Sheehy等“通过反义RNA技术降低西红柿果实中的聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性”,美国科学院院报,85,pp.8805-09(1988)],和抑制烟草中核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶小亚基的产生(Rodermel等,“核-细胞器相互作用:核反义基因抑制转化烟草植物中核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶的水平”,细胞(Cell),55,pp.673-81(1988))。或者,通过将目的酶类的基因以有义(即正常)方向转化植物,可以创造出该酶与正常量相比具更高水平特征的转基因植物。本发明的转基因烟草植物的烟碱水平可以用标准烟碱分析方法来检测。与未转化对照植物相比,QPRT酶水平减少的转化植物,相应地与对照相比也具有减少的烟碱水平;与未转化对照植物相比QPRT酶水平增加的转化植物,相应地与对照相比也具增加的烟碱水平。
可以选择本发明反义方法中所用的异源序列,以产生互补于完整或部分QPRT酶mRNA序列的RNA产物。该序列可以互补于天然信使RNA的任意邻近序列,也就是说,它可以互补于内源mRNA序列5’-末端或帽子位点附近,帽子位点下游,帽子位点与起始编码子之间,也可以覆盖全部或仅一部分非编码区,可以跨接非编码区和编码区,可以互补于所有或部分编码区,互补于编码区3’-末端,或互补于mRNA的3’-非翻译区。合适的反义序列可以至少约13至15个核苷酸,至少约16至21个核苷酸,至少约20个核苷酸,至少约30个核苷酸,至少约50个核苷酸,至少约75个核苷酸,至少约100个核苷酸,至少约125个核苷酸,至少约150个核苷酸,至少约200个核苷酸,或更多。其外,这里序列可以沿3’或5’末端延伸或缩短。
具体的反义序列和反义序列的长度可以根据期望抑制的程度,反义序列的稳定性等等而多样。利用在本领域可获得技术及这里所提供信息,本领域的技术人员可被指导选择适当QPRT酶反义序列。参考这里的图2A和序列SEQ ID No.1,本发明的寡核苷酸可以是反义方向的QPRT酶cDNA序列连续片段,长度不限,只要足以在转入受体植物细胞后获得预期效果即可。
本发明也可应用于烟碱产生的有义共抑制方法中。本发明实践中所用的有义DNA,其长度足以在植物细胞中表达时可以抑制该植物细胞中如这里所述的植物QPRT酶蛋白的天然表达。此类有义DNA可以是编码QPRT酶的完整基因组或互补DNA,或其片段,该片段长度通常至少为15个核苷酸。本领域技术人员可以获得确定可导致细胞内天然基因表达抑制效果的有义DNA长度的方法。
本发明的另一具体实例中,利用含有编码酶性RNA分子(即“核酶”)的DNA片段的DNA构建体转化了烟草植物细胞,其中的酶性RNA分子针对的是(即切断)这里所述的植物QPRT酶编码DNA的mRNA转录物。核酶含有可结合到靶mRNA易接近区的底物结合结构域和可催化切割RNA的结构域,从而阻止翻译和蛋白质产生。结合结构域可以包括互补于靶mRNA序列的反义序列;催化基元可以是锤头基元或其它基元,诸如发夹基元。RNA靶中的核酶切割位点可以先通过扫描靶分子确认出来(例如GUA,GUU或GUC序列)。一旦确认,即可以评估相应于含有切割位点的靶基因区的15,20,30或更多核糖核苷酸的短DNA序列是否有预期的结构特征。利用本领域已知的核糖核酸酶保护分析法,通过检测候选靶与互补寡核苷酸的杂交能力,可以估计出它们的适当性。根据已知技术,例如T.Cech等的美国专利号No.4,987,071;Keene等的美国专利号No.5,559,021;Donson等的美国专利号No.5,589,367;Toirence等的美国专利号5,583,032;Joyce的美国专利号No.5,580,967;Gold等美国专利号No.5,595,887;Wagner等的美国专利号No.5,591,601;和美国专利号No.5,622,854(全文引入作为参考),可以产生编码酶性RNA分子的DNA。植物细胞中此类酶性RNA分子的产生及QPRT酶蛋白产生的破坏皆会减少植物细胞内的QPRT酶活性,且作用方式基本雷同于反义RNA的产生:即,通过打断细胞内产生该酶的mRNA的翻译。这里所用术语“核酶”是指含RNA的核酸,其可作为酶(诸如核糖核酸内切酶)起作用,并可以与术语“酶性RNA分子”互换使用。本发明进一步包括编码核酶的DNA,已被插入表达载体中的编码核酶的DNA,含这种载体的宿主细胞,和利用核酶减少植物中QPRT酶产生的方法。
执行本发明所用的核酸序列包括与SEQ ID No.1具序列相似性、并编码具喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶活性的蛋白的那些核酸序列。这个定义旨在涵盖QPRT酶蛋白的天然等位变体。由此,执行本发明也可用能与SEQ ID No.1 DNA杂交并编码QPRT酶(特别是植物QPRT酶)表达的DNA序列。
可以存在多种形式的烟草QPRT酶。酶的多样形式可能归因于单基因产物的翻译后修饰,或者是由于NtQPT1基因的多样形式。
依惯常方式可以确定编码具QPRT酶活性的蛋白的其它DNA序列与SEQ ID No.1 DNA或与编码如SEQ ID No.2所示蛋白的其它DNA序列相杂交的条件。例如,此类序列的杂交可在降低严格条件或甚至严格条件下执行[例如,依据标准的原位杂交分析(见J.Sambrook等,分子克隆:实验室指南(第二版,1989)(冷泉港实验室))对所给出的编码SEQ ID No.2蛋白的DNA而言,严格条件即是,用0.3M NaCl,0.03M柠檬酸钠,0.1%SDS在60℃或甚至70℃的条件下洗膜]。一般地,此类序列与这里所给的序列SEQ ID No.1或编码SEQ ID No.2蛋白的DNA序列相比,至少65%相似,75%相似,80%相似,85%相似,90%相似,或甚至95%相似,或更高(通过将两序列排列取其最大配对数,可以确定序列相似性,为了尽可能配对而允许被排列的两序列任一中出现缺口。优选的缺口碱基长为10或更少,更优选缺口长为5或更少,仍更优选缺口长为2或更少)。
利用差异杂交操作,能够分离出cDNA克隆,其mRNA水平可低至约0.05%的poly(A+)RNA。见M.Conkling等,植物生理93,1203-1211(1990)。简要地说,可以利用植物组织(例如根和/或叶)的mRNA反转录成的单链cDNA探针来筛选cDNA文库。差异筛选过程中,将硝酸纤维素膜或尼龙膜浸至5×SSC中,放入96孔吸板中,从主板上转移150μl稳定过夜温育液至每孔中,并真空抽干直到所有液体都透过膜。用排枪加入150μl变性液(0.5M NaOH,1.5M NaCl)至每单孔中,并允许存在3分钟。如上所述抽吸后移走滤膜,并用0.5M Tris-HCl(pH8.0),1.5M NaCl中和。然后再真空烘烤2小时后用相应探针温育。使用尼龙膜,并将主板在7%DMSO中贮存于-70℃,可以用多探针多次筛选杂交膜,保存数年之后也能找回合适的克隆。
如这里所用,术语“基因”是指一段DNA序列,它整合有(1)包括启动子在内的上游(5’)调控信号,(2)编码该基因的产物、蛋白质或RNA的编码区,(3)包括转录终止子和多聚腺苷酸化信号在内的下游(3’)区和(4)有效及特异表达所需的相关序列。
本发明的DNA序列可以基本上由这里所提供的序列(SEQ ID No.1)组成,或是代表这些基因的等位或多态变体的相当核酸序列,或是其编码区。
本发明说明书和权利要求中所用短语“实质性序列相似性”是指与这里公开和要求保护的实际序列相比有微小和非重大的序列变异的DNA、RNA或氨基酸序列,被认为与本发明的序列同等。这样考虑,“微小和非重大的序列变异”是指“相似”序列(即,与这里公开和要求保护的DNA、RNA或蛋白质具有实质性序列相似性的序列),在功能上同等于本发明公开和要求保护的序列。功能同等序列以实质上相同的方式行使功能,产生与这里公开和要求保护的核酸和氨基酸组合物实质上相同的组合物。
这里提供的DNA序列可被转入多种宿主细胞。多种具理想生长和可操作特性的合适宿主细胞,在本领域已经可以获得。
在本发明说明书和权利要求中所用短语“分离的”或“实质上纯的”作为DNA、RNA、多肽或蛋白质的修饰语,意指所述的DNA、RNA、多肽或蛋白质已经在人为努力下从它们的细胞内环境中分离出来。
如这里所用,“体内DNA序列”或“天然DNA序列”是指可从非转基因细胞或组织中分离的DNA序列。天然DNA序列是那些还没有被人工改变,诸如定点诱变的序列。一旦确证天然DNA序列,则具天然DNA序列的DNA分子可以化学合成或利用本领域已知和重组DNA程序产生。如这里所用,天然植物DNA序列是可以从非转基因植物细胞或组织中分离的序列。如这里所用,天然烟草DNA序列是可以从非转基因烟草细胞或组织中分离的序列。
本发明的DNA构建体,或“转录盒”,沿5’至3’转录的方向包括这里所讨论的启动子,这里所讨论的与该启动子可操作性地结合的DNA序列,和,可选择的,包含RNA聚合酶终止信号和多聚腺苷酸酶多聚腺苷酸化信号在内的终止序列。所有的这些调节区应该能够在待转化组织的细胞中操作。任何合适的终止信号可以用来实施本发明任务,实例包括,但并不受限于,胭脂氨酸合酶(nos)终止子,章鱼碱合酶(ocs)终止子,CaMV终止子,或与转录启始区来自同一基因或来自不同基因的天然终止信号。见,例如,Rezian等(1988)见上,和Rodermel等(1988),见上。
术语“可操作性连接”用在这里,是指一个DNA分子的诸DNA序列连接在一起的方式能使得一个DNA序列的功能受另一个影响。因此,当启动子能够影响DNA的转录时,该启动子即可操作性地连接着该DNA(即,该DNA在该启动子的转录控制之下)。启动子被称为“DNA的上游区”,后者反过来被称为启动子的“下游区”。
转录盒可被提供为DNA构建体,其中还有至少一个复制系统。便利起见,它通常有在大肠杆菌中具有功能的复制系统,诸如ColE1,pSC101,pACYC184,或诸如此类。这样,在每次操作后,都可以对所得构建体进行克隆,测序,并确定出操作的正确性。此外还可以有或者仅有广泛宿主范围的复制系统,诸如P-1非相容性质粒的复制系统,例如pRK290。除了复制系统之外,经常至少还要有一个标记存在,它可在一或多宿主中发挥作用,或者针对各种宿主有各不相同的标记。也就是说,可以有一种标记用于原核宿主筛选,而另有另一种标记用于在真核宿主,特别是植物宿主中的筛选。标记物可以是针对杀生物剂(诸如抗生素,毒素,重金属,等等)的保护作用;可以提供互补,即通过给营养缺陷型宿主提供原养能力;或者可以通过在植物体中产生新化合物从而提供可见的表型。
通过限制性酶切合适的复制系统并插入特定构建体或片段至适当的位点,可以依次导入包括多种构建体、转录盒、标记等等的多样性片段。连接和克隆之后,DNA构建体可以分离出来,用于下一步操作。所有这些技术被充分示范于文献中,如J.Sambrook等,分子克隆:实验室指南(第二版,1989)(冷泉港实验室)中的范例。
可以用来将带有本发明核酸构建体转化到植物组织中的载体包括农杆菌载体和弹射载体(ballistic vector),以及适于DNA介导转化的载体。
术语“启动子”是指整合有编码序列有效表达所必需信号的DNA序列区。这包括可与RNA聚合酶结合的序列但并不仅限于此类序列,并且可以包括可与其它调节蛋白结合的区域和涉及蛋白翻译控制的区域,并可包括编码序列。
执行本发明所用启动子可以是具组成性活性的启动子。多种具组成性活性并且可在植物中操作的启动子已经可以获得。优选的实例是在大多数植物组织中组成性表达的花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV)35S启动子。或者,如以下进一步详细解释的那样,启动子可以是根特异性启动子或根皮层特异性启动子。
利用花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV)35S启动子,已经在转基因烟草中表达出反义序列。见,例如,Cornelissen等,“转基因烟草中RNA水平和翻译效率皆被反义RNA所降低”,核酸研究(Nucleic Acids Res.17,pp.833-43(1989);Rezaian等,“利用转基因植物中黄瓜花叶病毒反义RNA评估病毒的控制”。植物分子生物学(Plant MolecularBiology)11,pp.463-71(1988);Rodermel等,“核-器官相互作用:核反义基因抑制转基因烟草植物中核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶水平”,细胞(Cell),55,pp.673-81(1988);Smith等,“反义RNA抑制转基因西红柿中聚半乳糖醛酸基因表达”,自然,334,pp.724-26(1988);Van der Krol等,“转基因植物中反义查耳酮合酶基因抑制花色素形成”,自然,333,pp.866-69(1988)。
本发明转化烟草细胞和植物中优选使用CaMV 35S启动子表达QPRT酶。利用CaMV启动子在烟草根部表达其它重组基因已经被很好地描述过(Lam等,“定点突变改变了体外因子结合,并改变了转基因植物中的启动子表达模式”,美国科学院院报,86,pp.7890-94(1989);Poulsen等,”分析5’上游序列以选择性表达烟草白花丹(plumbaginifolia)rbcS-8B基因”,分子普通遗传学(Mol.Gen.Genet.),214,pp.16-23(1988))。
其它仅在根组织中有活性的启动子(根特异性启动子)也特别适合用于本发明方法。见,例如,Conkling等的美国专利号No.5,459,252;Yamamoto等,植物细胞,3:371(1991)。也可用TobRD2根皮层特异性启动子。见,例如由Conkling等寄交的美国专利申请SN08/508,786;PCT WO9705261。这里陈述的所有专利均全文引入作文参考。
用于产生本发明转化烟草细胞和植物的QPRT酶重组DNA分子和载体可以进一步含有显性筛选标记基因。烟草中可用的适当显性筛选标记特别包括编码新霉素磷酸转移酶(NPTII)、潮霉素磷酸转移酶(HPT)和氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)的抗生素抗性基因。另外为众人所知适于烟草中应用的显性筛选标记是编码抗氨甲蝶呤的二氢叶酸还原酶的突变型二氢叶酸还原酶基因。含有合适抗生素抗性基因的DNA载体和相应的抗生素可从商业途径获得。
将混合细胞群体涂板于含合适浓度抗生素(或正常情况下对烟草细胞的有毒的其它化合物)的培养基中,所选用的显性筛选标记基因产物产生出抗性,从而可以从众多未转化细胞群中筛选出转化烟草细胞。因此,仅仅那些已转化烟草细胞才能幸存并增殖。
本发明产生重组植物的方法,一般地,首先涉及提供一种可再生的植物细胞(此植物细胞通常属于可再生的组织)。然后用包含有本发明转录盒(如这里所述)的DNA构建体转化该植物细胞,并且从转化植物细胞中再生出重组植物。如以下所解释,执行转化步骤的技术在本领域已知,包括但并不限于用携带转录盒的微颗粒轰击植物细胞,用含有携带转录盒的Ti质粒的根瘤农杆菌感染细胞,或任意适于转基因植物生产的其它技术。
可用来执行本发明的多种农杆菌载体系统已为人知。例如美国专利号4,459,355公开了一种利用含Ti质粒的农杆菌株系转化易感性植物,包括双子叶植物的方法。美国专利号No.4,795,855中公开了利用农杆菌载体转化木本植物。另外,Schilperoort等拥有的美国专利4,940,838号公开了一种对于执行本发明有用的二元农杆菌载体(即,其中,农杆菌含有的一种质粒具Ti质粒的Vir区但无T区,而第二种质粒具T区但无Vir区)。
携带本发明DNA构建体的微颗粒适于植物细胞的弹射(基因枪)转化,也可用于产生本发明的转化植物。微颗粒被射进植物细胞以生产转化植物细胞,并从转化植物细胞再生出植物。任何适于弹射细胞转化的方法学和仪器可以应用于本发明实践。典型仪器和程序见Sanford和Wolf的美国专利No.4945050和Christou等的美国专利号No.5,015,580。当应用弹射转化程序时,可以将转录盒插入能够在被转化细胞内复制或整合其中的质粒上。适于此类系统中应用的微颗粒实例包括1至5μM金球颗粒。DNA构建体可以利用任何合适技术,诸如沉淀,沉积在微颗粒上。
根据本领域众所周知的程序,利用DNA介导的植物细胞原生质体转化以及随后从转化原生质体再生出植物,可以将本发明DNA构建体转化至植物种内。烟草原生质体和含DNA的脂质体的融合法或电穿孔法在本领域已为人所知。(Shillito等,“通过数种方法,包括电穿孔法完成双子叶和单子叶植物原生质体的直接基因转化”,酶学方法(Methods in Enzymology),153,pp.313-36(1987))。
如这里所用,转化是指外源DNA导入细胞中,使得产生出稳定转化了外源DNA的转基因细胞。
利用本领域众所周知的烟草细胞和组织培养技术,可诱导转化细胞再生出完整的烟草植物。所选择的植物再生方法要与转化方法相容。如标准DNA分析方法应用于受控制的杂交的后代所示,转基因烟草植物内QPRT酶序列的稳定存在及其方向可以由QPRT酶序列的孟德尔遗传学分配规律证实。从转化细胞再生出转基因烟草植物后,通过常规植物育种实践技术即可很容易地将所导入的DNA序列转入其它烟草品种中,而不需要过多实验操作。
例如,为了分析转基因的分离,再生转化植物(Ro)可以生长成熟,用于烟碱水平的测试,并自交产生出R1代植物。携带转基因的R1代植物有一部分对于转基因而言是纯合的。为了确认纯合R1代植物,转基因R1植物生长至成熟并自交。纯合R1植物产生的R2子代中每个都携有转基因;而杂合R1植物子代发生3∶1分离。
因为烟碱作为天然杀虫剂可以帮助保护烟草植物免于病虫害侵袭。因此可能会需要用可赋予对昆虫伤害的保护作用的转基因(诸如苏云金芽孢杆菌)再转化通过本发明方法生产的低或无烟碱植物。
本发明方法可应用的优选植物是烟草种或烟草,包括烟草(N.tabacum),黄花烟草和N.glutinosa。可以利用任意烟草株系或品种。优选已经具低烟碱含量的株系,诸如Nic1/Nic2双突变体。
能够随之进行克隆繁殖(无论是通过器官发生或是通过胚胎发生)的任意植物组织,皆可以利用本发明载体转化。术语“器官发生”,用在此处,意指由分生组织中央区连续有序地发育形成茎和根的过程;术语“胚胎发生”,用在这里,意指从体细胞或配子中以协调一致的方式(不是连续有序)发育形成茎和根的过程。选择的特别组织依赖于可得到的克隆繁殖系统,并最好适于待转化的特定种。典型组织靶包括叶盘、花粉、胚、子叶、下胚轴、愈伤组织、已存在分生组织(例如,顶端分生组织,腋芽,和根分生组织)和诱导的分生组织(例如,子叶分生组织和下胚轴分生组织)。
本发明植物可以有多种形式。植物可以是已转化细胞和未转化细胞的嵌合体;可以是克隆转化体(例如,所有细胞均被转化而含有转录盒);可以包括转化和未转化组织的移植体(例如,柑桔种中转化的根砧木上嫁接着末转化的接穗)。转化植物可以通过多种方式进行增殖,诸如,克隆增殖或经典的育种技术。例如首代(或T1代)已转化植物可以自交产生纯合第二代(或T2代)转化植物,而T2代植物可通过经典育种方法进一步增殖。显性筛选标记(诸如nptII)可以与转录盒结合,以帮助育种。
鉴于前文,很明显,可以应用于本发明实践的植物包括烟草属的那些种。
熟悉以上所述重组DNA方法的那些人将会认识到,可以利用全长QPRT酶cDNA分子或全长QPRT酶染色体基因,以有义的方向连接适当的可操作连接的调节序列,构建出转基因烟草细胞和植物。(具本领域技能的那些人也会认识到,以有义方向存在的基因表达所需的适当调节序列除了以上所述的启动子和多聚腺苷酸化/转录终止序列之外,还包括任意一种已知的真核翻译起始序列)。此类转化烟草植物具QPRT酶水平增加的特征,并且由此具有比对照未转化烟草植物更高烟碱含量的特征。
因此,应该不难理解,利用QPRT酶DNA序列减少或增加QPRT酶水平,并由此减少或增加烟草植物中烟碱含量,皆囊括在本发明范围内。
如这里所用,谷物包括本发明植物和相同属内、共同种植于农田中的多种植物。“农田”意指普通的土地或温室。由此,本发明提供产生与同种和变种的未转化植物相似农作物相比具改变的QPRT酶活性并由此具增加或减少烟碱水平的农作物的方法。
以下实施例是为了具体示例本发明,并且并不构成受限因素。
实施例
分离及测序
对TobRD2 cDNA(Conkling等,植物生理,93,1203(1990))进行测序并在这里作为SEQ ID No.1列出,其推断的氨基酸序列为SEQ IDNo.2。所推断的氨基酸序列预测为胞质蛋白。尽管植物QPRT酶基因还未被报道,将NtPT1氨基酸序列与GenBank数据库相比较(图3),显示与某些细菌类和其它蛋白有有限序列同源性;喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)活性显示存在于苏云金芽孢杆菌,大肠杆菌和烟草基因中。编码QPRT酶的NtQPT1与可能代表部分拟南芥QPRT酶基因的拟南芥EST(表达序列标记)序列(Genbank接受号F20096)编码的推断多肽片段具相似性。
实施例2
原位杂交
为了确定多种根组织中TobRD2 mRNA转录物的空间分布,在未转化植物中进行原位杂交。利用Meyerowitz,植物分子生物学公报(Plant Mol.Bio.Rep.)5,242(1987)和Smith等,植物分子生物学公报,5,237(1987)所述技术,利用TobRD2反义链与根组织中的TobRD2 mRNA进行原位杂交。七天龄烟草(Nicotania tabacum)幼苗的根在磷酸缓冲的戊二醛中固定,包埋于Paraplast Plus(Monoject有限公司,圣·路易斯,密苏里州)中,并切片,每片厚8mm,以获得合适的横切和纵切切片。在35S-ATP存在下体外合成的反义TobRD2转录物用作探针。标记RNA经碱水解产生平均长为100至200碱基片段供使用。
杂交在50%甲酰胺中于42℃进行16小时,每毫升杂交溶液中含5×106cpm标记RNA。曝光后,切片经处理,于明暗场显微镜下观察。
杂交信号定位于根部的皮层细胞(结果未附)。相同部位的明和暗场图像的比较,可将TobRD2转录物定位于根皮层的薄壁组织细胞。在表皮层或中柱层没有观察到杂交信号。
实施例3
Nic1和Nic2烟草突变体中TobRD2 mRNA
水平及与烟碱水平的相关性
检测Nic1和Nic2突变体烟草植物中的TobRD2稳态mRNA水平。Nic1和Nic2已知可调节喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶活性和腐败甲基转移酶活性,并为烟碱产生途径中的共显性调节子。本结果图示于图5A和图5B中,显示了TobRD2表达受Nic1和Nic2的调节。
从野生型Burley21烟草植物(Nic1/Nic1 Nic2/Nic2)根部;Nic1-Burley21(nic1/nic1 Nic2/Nic2)根部;Nic2-Burley21(Nic1/Nic1 nic2/nic2)根部;和Nic1-Nic2-Burley21(nic1/nic1 nic2/nic2)根部分离RNA。
四种Burley21株系(nic)种子在土壤中生长1个月后,转移至温室的含充气培养液的水培室中1个月。这些株系除两个低烟碱位点外均为等基因,具Nic1/Nic1 Nic2/Nic2,Nic1/Nic1 nic2/nic2,nic1/nic1 Nic2/Nic2,nic1/nic1 nic2/nic2基因型。从每基因型种中收获约20株植物的根并集合在一起用于RNA分离。将每种基因型的总RNA(1μg)加样于含1.1M甲醛的1%琼脂糖胶上,电泳后依照Sambrook等(1989)方法转至尼龙膜上。用32P标记的TobRD2 cDNA片段作探针与膜杂交。利用光密度测定法得到TobRD2转录子的相对强度。图5(实心图标)显示了四种基因型中每一种的相对转录水平(相对于Nic1/Nic1 Nic2/Nic2而言)。阴影图标显示了四种基因型的相对烟碱水平(与Nic1/Nic1 Nic2/Nic2相比)。
图5利用野生型Burley21(Nic1/Nic1 Nic2/Nic2)中发现的水平作对比量,比较了相对的稳态TobRD2 mRNA水平。Nic1/Nic2双突变体中TobRD2 mRNA水平大约为野生型的25%。图5B进一步比较了本实施例中所研究的烟草近等基因株系间的烟碱相对水平(实心图标显示TobRD2转录物水平;阴影图标显示烟碱水平)。烟碱水平与TobRD2转录物水平间有很近的相关性。
实施例4
去梢对TobRD2 mRNA水平的影响
本领域众所周知,烟草植物的花顶去除(去梢)后会促进根部生长并增加该植物叶片中的烟碱含量。植物去梢是商业化烟草栽培实践中的标准方法,并且本领域普通技术人员可以很容易确定在已知生长条件下对目标烟草植物去梢的最佳时间。
烟草植物(N.tabacum SR1)种子生长于土壤中1个月后转移至含沙的培养罐中。在温室里植物再生长两个月至它们开始开花。除去四株植物的花顶和两节(去梢)。在指示时间之后从每株植物收集部分根,用于RNA抽提。对照植物没有去梢。对每个时间点的总RNA(1μg)经含1.1M甲醛的1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,依Sambrook等(1989)方法进行转尼龙膜。用32P标记的TobRD2 cDNA片段作探针与膜杂交。TobRD2转录物的相对强度经光密度测定法测出。图6显示了每个时间点去梢(实心图标)或未去梢(阴影格图标)的相对转录水平(与0时相比)。
24小时后根组织的相对TobRD2水平被确定;结果图示于图6(实心图标显示去梢植物中TobRD2转录物水平;阴影格图标显示未去梢对照的TobRD2转录物水平。烟草植物去梢6小时后,去梢植物中TobRD2的mRNA水平大约增加8倍;在同时期的对照植物中无可见的增加。
实施例5
SEQ ID No.1 DNA对缺乏QPRT酶的细菌
突变体的互补作用
大肠杆菌株系TH265是喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶缺失突变体(nadC-),因此不能在无烟酸培养基上生长。
利用含SEQ ID No.1 DNA的表达载体(pWS161)转化TH265细胞,或仅用表达载体(pKK233)转化。将转化细菌的生长与TH265(pKK233)转化子的生长作比较,以及与未转化TH265 nadC-突变体作比较。比较在ME基本培养基(缺少烟酸)和添加烟酸的ME基本培养基上的生长情况。
具QPRT酶突变(nadC)的大肠杆菌株系,TH265,由K.T.Hughes博士(Hughes等,细菌学杂志(J.Bact.)175:479(1993))惠赠。细胞保存于LB培养基上,并依Sambrook等(1989)所述方法制备感受态细胞。在pKK2233(Brosius,1984)中构建含有处于Tac启动子控制下的TobRD2 cDNA的表达质粒。所得质粒,pWS161,被转进TH265细胞。转化细胞然后铺板于基本培养基(Vogel和Bonner,1956)琼脂平板上,平板上分别添加或不添加烟酸(0.0002%)作为添加剂。TH265细胞本身和转有pKK2233的TH265分别也铺板于类似平板上用作对照。
结果见图4。仅有转有SEQ ID No.1 DNA的TH265细胞可在缺乏烟酸的培养基上生长。这些结果表明,TH265细菌细胞中SEQ ID No.1DNA的表达可赋予这些细胞NadC+表型,证实这个序列编码QPRT酶。名称TobRD2也变成NtQPT1。
实施例6
烟草植物的转化
将SEQ ID No.1 DNA序列以反义的方向与植物启动子(CaMV35S或TobRD2根皮层特异性启动子)可操作连接,以产生两种不同DNA盒:CaMV35S启动子/反义SEQ ID No.1和TobRD2启动子/反义SEQ IDNo.1。
野生型烟草株系和低烟碱烟草株系被选择用于转化,例如,野生型Burley21烟草(Nic1+/Nic2+)和纯合nic1-/nic2-Burley21。利用每种DNA盒转化来自每种株系的烟草植物细胞。利用农杆菌载体,例如,带有Ti边界序列和nptII基因(赋予对卡那霉素的抗性,并在nos启动子(nptII)的控制之下)的农杆菌双元载体进行转化。
转化细胞经筛选后再生成为转基因烟草植物(Ro)。Ro植物生长至成熟后检测其烟碱水平;与未转化对照植物相比,转化烟草植物一个亚类显示明显更低的烟碱水平。
使Ro植物自交,对R1子代中转基因的分离情况进行分析。R1子代生长至成熟后使之自交;R2子代的转基因分离情况显示哪些R1代植物中的转基因是纯合的。
序列表(1)一般信息:
(i)申请者:Conkling,Mark A.
Mendu,Nandini
Song,Wen
(ii)发明名称:喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶表达的调节
(iii)序列数目:4
(iv)通讯地址:
(A)收信人:Kenneth Sibley,Bell Seltzer Park & Gibson
(B)街道:邮政信箱34009
(C)城市:Charlotte
(D)州:北卡罗来纳州
(E)国家:美国
(F)邮编:28234
(v)计算机可读形式:
(A)介质类型:软盘
(B)计算机:IBM PC兼容机
(C)操作系统:PC-DOS/MS-DOS
(D)软件:PatentIn Release#1.0,Version#1.30
(vi)当前申请资料:
(A)申请号:
(B)申请日:
(C)分类:
(viii)代理人/代理信息:
(A)姓名:Sibley,Kenneth D.
(B)注册号:31,665
(C)参考/文档号:5051-338P
(ix)电信信息:
(A)电话:919-420-2200
(B)传真:919-881-3175(2)SEQ ID No.1序列信息:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:1399个碱基对
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:cDNA
(ix)特征:
(A)名称/关键词:CDS
(B)位置:52..1104
(xi)序列描述:SEQ ID No.1CAAAAACTAT TTTCCACAAA ATTCATTTCA CAACCCCCCC AAAAAAAAAC C ATG TTT 57
Met Phe
1AGA GCT ATT CCT TTC ACT GCT ACA GTG CAT CCT TAT GCA ATT ACA GCT 105Arg Ala Ile Pro Phe Thr Ala Thr Val His Pro Tyr Ala Ile Thr Ala
5 10 15CCA AGG TTG GTG GTG AAA ATG TCA GCA ATA GCC ACC AAG AAT ACA AGA 153Pro Arg Leu Val Val Lys Met Ser Ala Ile Ala Thr Lys Asn Thr Arg
20 25 30GTG GAG TCA TTA GAG GTG AAA CCA CCA GCA CAC CCA ACT TAT GAT TTA 201Val Glu Ser Leu Glu Val Lys Pro Pro Ala His Pro Thr Tyr Asp Leu35 40 45 50AAG GAA GTT ATG AAA CTT GCA CTC TCT GAA GAT GCT GGG AAT TTA GGA 249Lys Glu Val Met Lys Leu Ala Leu Ser Glu Asp Ala Gly Asn Leu Gly
55 60 65GAT GTG ACT TGT AAG GCG ACA ATT CCT CTT GAT ATG GAA TCC GAT GCT 297Asp Val Thr Cys Lys Ala Thr Ile Pro Leu Asp Met Glu Ser Asp Ala
70 75 80CAT TTT CTA GCA AAG GAA GAC GGG ATC ATA GCA GGA ATT GCA CTT GCT 345His Phe Leu Ala Lys Glu Asp Gly Ile Ile Ala Gly Ile Ala Leu Ala
85 90 95GAG ATG ATA TTC GCG GAA GTT GAT CCT TCA TTA AAG GTG GAG TGG TAT 393Glu Met Ile Phe Ala Glu Val Asp Pro Ser Leu Lys Val Glu Trp Tyr
100 105 110GTA AAT GAT GGC GAT AAA GTT CAT AAA GGC TTG AAA TTT GGC AAA GTA 441Val Asn Asp Gly Asp Lys Val His Lys Gly Leu Lys Phe Gly Lys Val115 120 125 130CAA GGA AAC GCT TAC AAC ATT GTT ATA GCT GAG AGG GTT GTT CTC AAT 489Gln Gly Asn Ala Tyr Asn Ile Val Ile Ala Glu Arg Val Val Leu Asn
135 140 145TTT ATG CAA AGA ATG AGT GGA ATA GCT ACA CTA ACT AAG GAA ATG GCA 537Phe Met Gln Arg Met Ser Gly Ile Ala Thr Leu Thr Lys Glu Met Ala
150 155 160GAT GCT GCA CAC CCT GCT TAC ATC TTG GAG ACT AGG AAA ACT GCT CCT 585Asp Ala Ala His Pro Ala Tyr Ile Leu Glu Thr Arg Lys Thr Ala Pro
165 170 175GGA TTA CGT TTG GTG GAT AAA TGG GCG GTA TTG ATC GGT GGG GGG AAG 633Gly Leu Arg Leu Val Asp Lys Trp Ala Val Leu Ile Gly Gly Gly Lys
180 185 190AAT CAC AGA ATG GGC TTA TTT GAT ATG GTA ATG ATA AAA GAC AAT CAC 681Asn His Arg Met Gly Leu Phe Asp Met Val Met Ile Lys Asp Asn His195 200 205 210ATA TCT GCT GCT GGA GGT GTC GGC AAA GCT CTA AAA TCT GTG GAT CAG 729Ile Ser Ala Ala Gly Gly Val Gly Lys Ala Leu Lys Ser Val Asp Gln
215 220 225TAT TTG GAG CAA AAT AAA CTT CAA ATA GGG GTT GAG GTT GAA ACC AGG 777Tyr Leu Glu Gln Asn Lys Leu Gln Ile Gly Val Glu Val Glu Thr Arg
230 235 240ACA ATT GAA GAA GTA CGT GAG GTT CTA GAC TAT GCA TCT CAA ACA AAG 825Thr Ile Glu Glu Val Arg Glu Val Leu Asp Tyr Ala Ser Gln Thr Lys
245 250 255ACT TCG TTG ACT AGG ATA ATG CTG GAC AAT ATG GTT GTT CCA TTA TCT 873Thr Ser Leu Thr Arg Ile Met Leu Asp Asn Met Val Val Pro Leu Ser
260 265 270AAC GGA GAT ATT GAT GTA TCC ATG CTT AAG GAG GCT GTA GAA TTG ATC 921Asn Gly Asp Ile Asp Val Ser Met Leu Lys Glu Ala Val Glu Leu Ile275 280 285 290AAT GGG AGG TTT GAT ACG GAG GCT TCA GGA AAT GTT ACC CTT GAA ACA 969Asn Gly Arg Phe Asp Thr Glu Ala Ser Gly Asn Val Thr Leu Glu Thr
295 300 305GTA CAC AAG ATT GGA CAA ACT GGT GTT ACC TAC ATT TCT AGT GGT GCC 1017Val His Lys Ile Gly Gln Thr Gly Val Thr Tyr Ile Ser Ser Gly Ala
310 315 320CTG ACG CAT TCC GTG AAA GCA CTT GAC ATT TCC CTG AAG ATC GAT ACA 1065Leu Thr His Ser Val Lys Ala Leu Asp Ile Ser Leu Lys Ile Asp Thr
325 330 335GAG CTC GCC CTT GAA GTT GGA AGG CGT ACA AAA CGA GCA TGAGCGCCAT 1114Glu Leu Ala Leu Glu Val Gly Arg Arg Thr Lys Arg Ala
340 345 350TACTTCTGCT ATAGGGTTGG AGTAAAAGCA GCTGAATAGC TGAAAGGTGC AAATAAGAAT 1174CATTTTACTA GTTGTCAAAC AAAAGATCCT TCACTGTGTA ATCAAACAAA AAGATGTAAA 1234TTGCTGGAAT ATCTCAGATG GCTCTTTTCC AACCTTATTG CTTGAGTTGG TAATTTCATT 1294ATAGCTTTGT TTTCATGTTT CATGGAATTT GTTACAATGA AAATACTTGA TTTATAAGTT 1354TGGTGTATGT AAAATTCTGT GTTACTTCAA ATATTTTGAG ATGTT 1399(2)SEQ ID No.2序列信息:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:351个氨基酸
(B)类型:氨基酸
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:蛋白质
(xi)序列描述:SEQ ID No.2:Met Phe Arg Ala Ile Pro Phe Thr Ala Thr Val His Pro Tyr Ala Ile1 5 10 15Thr Ala Pro Arg Leu Val Val Lys Met Ser Ala Ile Ala Thr Lys Asn
20 25 30Thr Arg Val Glu Ser Leu Glu Val Lys Pro Pro Ala His Pro Thr Tyr
35 40 45Asp Leu Lys Glu Val Met Lys Leu Ala Leu Ser Glu Asp Ala Gly Asn
50 55 60Leu Gly Asp Val Thr Cys Lys Ala Thr Ile Pro Leu Asp Met Glu Ser65 70 75 80Asp Ala His Phe Leu Ala Lys Glu Asp Gly Ile Ile Ala Gly Ile Ala
85 90 95Leu Ala Glu Met Ile Phe Ala Glu Val Asp Pro Ser Leu Lys Val Glu
100 105 110Trp Tyr Val Asn Asp Gly Asp Lys Val His Lys Gly Leu Lys Phe Gly
115 120 125Lys Val Gln Gly Asn Ala Tyr Asn Ile Val Ile Ala Glu Arg Val Val
130 135 140Leu Asn Phe Met Gln Arg Met Ser Gly Ile Ala Thr Leu Thr Lys Glu145 150 155 160Met Ala Asp Ala Ala His Pro Ala Tyr Ile Leu Glu Thr Arg Lys Thr
165 170 175Ala Pro Gly Leu Arg Leu Val Asp Lys Trp Ala Val Leu Ile Gly Gly
180 185 190Gly Lys Asn His Arg Met Gly Leu Phe Asp Met Val Met Ile Lys Asp
195 200 205Asn His Ile Ser Ala Ala Gly Gly Val Gly Lys Ala Leu Lys Ser Val
210 215 220Asp Gln Tyr Leu Glu Gln Asn Lys Leu Gln Ile Gly Val Glu Val Glu225 230 235 240Thr Arg Thr Ile Glu Glu Val Arg Glu Val Leu Asp Tyr Ala Ser Gln
245 250 255Thr Lys Thr Ser Leu Thr Arg Ile Met Leu Asp Asn Met Val Val Pro
260 265 270Leu Ser Asn Gly Asp Ile Asp Val Ser Met Leu Lys Glu Ala Val Glu
275 280 285Leu Ile Asn Gly Arg Phe Asp Thr Glu Ala Ser Gly Asn Val Thr Leu
290 295 300Glu Thr Val His Lys Ile Gly Gln Thr Gly Val Thr Tyr Ile Ser Ser305 310 315 320Gly Ala Leu Thr His Ser Val Lys Ala Leu Asp Ile Ser Leu Lys Ile
325 330 335Asp Thr Glu Leu Ala Leu Glu Val Gly Arg Arg Thr Lys Arg Ala
340 345 350(2)SEQ ID No.3序列信息:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:1053个碱基对
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑:线性(ii)分子类型:cDNA(xi)序列描述:SEQ ID No.3:ATGTTTAGAG CTATTCCTTT CACTGCTACA GTGCATCCTT ATGCAATTAC AGCTCCAAGG 60TTGGTGGTGA AAATGTCAGC AATAGCCACC AAGAATACAA GAGTGGAGTC ATTAGAGGTG 120AAACCACCAG CACACCCAAC TTATGATTTA AAGGAAGTTA TGAAACTTGC ACTCTCTGAA 180GATGCTGGGA ATTTAGGAGA TGTGACTTGT AAGGCGACAA TTCCTCTTGA TATGGAATCC 240GATGCTCATT TTCTAGCAAA GGAAGACGGG ATCATAGCAG GAATTGCACT TGCTGAGATG 300ATATTCGCGG AAGTTGATCC TTCATTAAAG GTGGAGTGGT ATGTAAATGA TGGCGATAAA 360GTTCATAAAG GCTTGAAATT TGGCAAAGTA CAAGGAAACG CTTACAACAT TGTTATAGCT 420GAGAGGGTTG TTCTCAATTT TATGCAAAGA ATGAGTGGAA TAGCTACACT AACTAAGGAA 480ATGGCAGATG CTGCACACCC TGCTTACATC TTGGAGACTA GGAAAACTGC TCCTGGATTA 540CGTTTGGTGG ATAAATGGGC GGTATTGATC GGTGGGGGGA AGAATCACAG AATGGGCTTA 600TTTGATATGG TAATGATAAA AGACAATCAC ATATCTGCTG CTGGAGGTGT CGGCAAAGCT 660CTAAAATCTG TGGATCAGTA TTTGGAGCAA AATAAACTTC AAATAGGGGT TGAGGTTGAA 720ACCAGGACAA TTGAAGAAGT ACGTGAGGTT CTAGACTATG CATCTCAAAC AAAGACTTCG 780TTGACTAGGA TAATGCTGGA CAATATGGTT GTTCCATTAT CTAACGGAGA TATTGATGTA 840TCCATGCTTA AGGAGGCTGT AGAATTGATC AATGGGAGGT TTGATACGGA GGCTTCAGGA 900AATGTTACCC TTGAAACAGT ACACAAGATT GGACAAACTG GTGTTACCTA CATTTCTAGT 960GGTGCCCTGA CGCATTCCGT GAAAGCACTT GACATTTCCC TGAAGATCGA TACAGAGCTC 1020GCCCTTGAAG TTGGAAGGCG TACAAAACGA GCA 1053
Claims (44)
1.包含选自下组的序列的一种分离DNA分子:
(a)SEQ ID No.1;
(b)编码具SEQ ID No.2序列的酶的DNA序列;
(c)可与以上(a)或(b)的分离DNA杂交并编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA序列;和
(d)由于遗传密码的简并性使得与以上(a),(b),或(c)DNA不同的DNA序列。
2.一种含有表达盒的DNA构建体,其中构建体按5’至3’方向含有植物细胞内可操作的启动子和根据权利要求1的DNA区段,所述DNA区段置于所述启动子的下游,并与之可操作相连。
3.包含表达盒的DNA构建体,所述构建体从5’到3’方向包含植物启动子和权利要求1的DNA区段,所述DNA区段置于所述启动子的下游并与之可操作相连,并且是反义方向。
4.从5’到3’方向包含在植物细胞中可操作的启动子和编码植物、喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA的DNA构建体,所述DNA与所述启动子可操作相连。
5.从5’到3’方向包含在植物细胞中可操作的启动子和编码植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA的DNA构建体,所述DNA以反义方向与所述启动子可操作相连。
6.根据权利要求2、3、4或5的DNA构建体,所述启动子在植物细胞中具组成性活性。
7.根据权利要求2、3、4或5的DNA构建体,其中所述启动子具植物根组织细胞中的选择性活性。
8.根据权利要求2、3、4或5的DNA构建体,其中所述启动子具植物根皮层组织细胞中的选择性活性。
9.根据权利要求2、3、4或5的DNA构建体,其中所述构建体进一步包括质粒。
10.根据权利要求2、3、4或5的DNA构建体,它是由植物转化载体携带的。
11.由植物转化载体携带的权利要求2、3、4或5的DNA构建体,其中植物转化载体是根瘤农杆菌载体。
12.含有权利要求2,3,4或5的DNA构建体的植物细胞。
13.含有权利要求12的植物细胞的转基因植物。
14.具有序列SEQ ID No.2的肽。
15.由选自下组的DNA序列编码的肽:
(a)SEQ ID No.1;
(b)可与以上(a)的分离DNA杂交并编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA序列;和
(c)因遗传密码的简并性而与以上的(a)或(b)DNA有差异的DNA序列。
16.用于产生喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达有所降低的转基因植物细胞的方法,所述方法包括:
提供一类已知表达喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的植物细胞;
提供异源DNA构建体,此构建体从5’至3’方向含有植物细胞内可操作的启动子和包含编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的序列一部分的DNA,所述DNA可操作性地与所述启动子连接;和
用所述DNA构建体转化所述植物细胞以产生转化细胞,所述植物细胞与未转化细胞相比具减少的QPRT酶表达。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中所述包含编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的序列一部分的DNA处于反义方向。
18.权利要求16的方法,其中所述包含编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的序列一部分的DNA处于有义方向。
19.权利要求16的方法,其中所述植物细胞是烟草。
20.权利要求16的方法,其中进一步包括从所述转化植物细胞再生出植物。
21.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述启动子具组成性活性。
22.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述启动子具植物根组织细胞中的选择性活性。
23.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述启动子具植物根皮层组织细胞中的选择性活性。
24.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述转化步骤是通过用携有所述DNA构建体的微颗粒轰击所述植物细胞而进行的。
25.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述转化步骤是通过利用含携带有所述DNA构建体的Ti质粒的根瘤农杆菌感染所述植物细胞而进行的。
26.产生转基因烟草种子的方法,包括从由权利要求19的方法得到的转基因烟草植物中收集种子。
27.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述异源DNA序列与所述植物细胞中表达的所述喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶信使RNA(QPRT mRNA)在选自下组的区域内互补:
(a)所述QPRT mRNA的5’-非翻译序列;
(b)所述QPRT mRNA的3’-非翻译序列;和
(c)所述QPRT mRNA的翻译区。
28.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述异源DNA序列与所述植物细胞内表达的所述喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶信使RNA的至少15个核苷酸互补。
29.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述异源DNA序列与所述植物细胞内表达的所述喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶信使RNA的至少200个核苷酸互补。
30.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述异源DNA序列包括选自权利要求1的DNA序列的喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶编码序列。
31.相对于未转化的对照植物,其喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达减少的烟草种转基因植物,所述转基因植物含有包括下述的转基因植物细胞:
外源DNA构建体,其沿5’至3’方向包含在所述植物细胞中可操作的启动子和含有植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的编码DNA序列一个区段的DNA,所述DNA与所述启动子可操作性连接;
所述植物与未转化对照植物相比其QPRT酶表达有所降低。
32.权利要求31的方法,其中所述的含有喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的编码DNA序列一个区段的DNA区段是以反义方向存在的。
33.权利要求31的方法,其中所述含有喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA的编码DNA序列一个区段的DNA区段是以有义方向存在的。
34.相对于未转化对照植物,其喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达降低的烟草转基因植物,其中所述转基因植物是根据权利要求31的植物的子代。
35.相对于未转化对照植物,其喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达降低的烟草转基因植物的种子,其中所述转基因植物是根据权利要求31的植物或其子代。
36.包括权利要求31的多种植物、共同种植于农田中的谷物。
37.用来减少植物细胞中喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶基因表达的方法,所述方法包括:
培养转化了外源DNA的植物细胞,其中所述外源DNA的转录链与所述细胞的内源喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶mRNA互补,所述互补链的转录降低了所述喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶基因的表达。
38.叶片中烟碱水平降低的烟草植物的生产方法,所述方法包括:
培养烟草植物或其子代植物,其中所述植物包含含有DNA构建体的细胞,所述构建体包含在所述植物中具功能的转录起始区和与之可操作性连接在一起的外源DNA序列,所述DNA序列的转录链与所述细胞内的内源喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶信使RNA互补。
39.喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达有所提高的转基因植物细胞的制备方法,所述方法包括:
提供一种已知表达喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的植物细胞;
提供一种异源DNA构建体,该构建体沿5’至3’方向包含在植物细胞内可操作的启动子和编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA序列,所述DNA序列与所述启动子可操作连接;并且
用所述DNA构建体转化所述植物细胞,以产生转化细胞,与未转化细胞相比所述植物细胞具增加的QPRT酶表达。
40.与未转化对照植物相比,其喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达有所增加的烟草种转基因植物,所述转基因植物具有的转基因植物细胞中含有:
外源DNA构建体,其沿5’至3’方向含有在所述植物细胞中可操作的启动子和编码植物喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA序列,所述DNA与所述启动子可操作性连接;
所述植物与未转化对照植物相比具增加的QPRT酶表达。
41.相对于未转化对照植物,其喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶(QPRT酶)表达增加的烟草种转基因植物,其中所述转基因植物是根据权利要求74的植物的子代。
42.增加植物细胞中喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶基因表达的方法,所述方法包括:
培养转化有异源DNA的植物细胞,其中所述异源DNA编码喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶。
43.根据权利要求83的方法,其中获得所述转化植物所用的方法包括:
向宿主植物细胞基因组中整合一种构建体,该构建体沿转录的方向含有在所述植物细胞中具功能的启动子,编码在所述细胞中有功能的喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶的DNA序列,在所述植物细胞中具功能的转录终止区,所述DNA序列与所述启动子可操作连接,由此获得转化植物细胞。
44.叶片中烟碱水平有所提高的烟草植物的制备方法,所述方法包括:
培养烟草植物或其子代植物,其中所述植物包含含有一种DNA构建体的细胞,所述构建体包含在所述植物中具功能的转录起始区和与之可操作性连接的外源DNA序列,其中所述DNA序列编码在所述细胞内具功能的喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103060313B (zh) * | 2005-02-28 | 2016-12-07 | 二十二世纪有限公司 | 引物或探针对,烟草植物及其鉴定、改变方法,其细胞、其产品及多核苷酸 |
CN114929880A (zh) * | 2019-10-10 | 2022-08-19 | 奥驰亚客户服务有限公司 | 用于生产具有改变的生物碱水平的烟草植物和制品的基于qpt工程改造的组合物和方法 |
CN113528537A (zh) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-10-22 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | 一种降低烟叶烟碱含量的NtQPT2基因突变体及其应用 |
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