CN1159369C - 可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物 - Google Patents
可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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Abstract
本发明涉及可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物,它包含沸点为-5℃至150℃的选自烷烃、烷醇、酮、醚和酯的发泡剂。该颗粒物是未发泡的并具有高于500克/升的体积密度,能够在与大气自由接触的情况下在室温下贮存1个小时之后发泡至低于200克/升的体积密度。它们可通过在压力容器中在悬浮液中用发泡剂浸渍聚烯烃粒料,将批料冷却至100℃以下,降低压力和分离出颗粒物来制备。
Description
本发明涉及可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物,它含有发泡剂并能够发泡得到可模塑的泡沫体。可模塑的聚烯烃泡沫越来越多地用于生产在汽车制造,包装和休闲等领域中所用的泡沫模制品。然而,可模塑的泡沫比未发泡的可发泡珠粒料例如基于聚苯乙烯的那些(EPS珠粒料)体积庞大得多,这在运输过程中和在贮存中是不利的,因为需要的空间太大。
正如人们所知的,EPS珠粒能够通过用挥发性烃发泡剂在含水悬浮液中浸渍聚苯乙烯粒料、冷却悬浮液和分离出浸渍的珠粒而制备。由于聚苯乙烯具有良好的保持烃的能力,使得烃类扩散非常缓慢,这样含有发泡剂的珠粒料能够长时间贮存而不会损失发泡剂。
然而,对于聚烯烃类来说这是不太可能的,而且未发泡的可发泡性聚烯烃珠粒因此迄今还不可行。已知的发泡的聚丙烯可模塑的泡沫体(EPP)是通过在工业规模上通过用挥发性发泡剂在加压下在含水悬浮液中浸渍聚丙烯粒料,然后降低压力来使浸渍的珠粒料发泡而制备。在实际中使用的发泡剂包括丁烷,二氯二氟甲烷和二氧化碳。由于这些发泡剂再次比较快速地从聚丙烯中扩散出来遭受损失,所以人们一直认为含有发泡剂和以这种方式制备的聚丙烯珠粒是不可贮存的。
EP-540 271描述了制备从聚苯醚与聚烯烃制得的可发泡性聚合物共混物的方法。在这里,从聚苯醚/聚烯烃共混物制得的微细型珠粒在压力容器中用卤代烃发泡剂(优选三氯氟甲烷)在水性分散体中浸渍,冷却该分散体并分离出可发珠粒料。该方法的缺点是它显然仅仅能用卤代烃作为发泡剂来进行。但这些对环境有害。另外,当重复这些试验时,当可发珠粒料被发泡时产生了非常大泡孔的泡沫体。
本发明的目的是提供从烯烃聚合物制得的未发泡的可发珠粒料,它优选含有无卤素发泡剂并可发泡得到小泡孔的泡沫体。烯烃聚合物不含有玻璃化转变温度高于180℃的任何掺混的热塑性塑料。(聚苯醚具有约200℃的玻璃化转变温度)。其它类型的热塑性材料的含量宜低于5%(重量),最好一点也没有。
我们已经发现,这一目的可通过可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物来实现,该聚合物还可以已经掺合了至多50%(重量)、优选低于5%(重量)的玻璃化转变温度低于180℃的热塑性塑料,而且它含有1-40%(重量)的沸点为-5℃至150℃的有机发泡剂(在每一种情况下都基于烯烃聚合物的重量)。
该聚合物的特征在于其具有高于400克/升的体积密度和在于它们能够在室温下与大气自由接触的情况下贮存1个小时之后通过加热到100℃以上发泡到低于200克/升的体积密度。在此期间,含有发泡剂的珠粒应该至少在某种程度上熔化,这样发泡过程可进行彻底。对于优选的丙烯聚合物,理想的发泡温度是130-160℃,优选150℃。
本发明进一步提供制备这些可发珠粒料的方法,其中聚烯烃粒料在压力容器中在升高的温度下用2-50%(重量)的优选无卤素的有机发泡剂在悬浮液中浸渍,批料被冷却到低于100℃,然后分离出浸渍过的粒料并洗涤。
EP-778 310描述了制备可模塑的聚烯烃泡沫的方法,其中第一步骤通过挤出包含固体发泡剂的聚烯烃来制备体积密度为120-400克/升的部分发泡的珠粒料,第二步骤使用蒸汽将它们进一步发泡。
本发明的可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物实际上是体积密度高于400克/升、优选高于500克/升的未发泡珠粒,它能够在室温下在与大气自由接触的情况下贮存1小时之后通过加热到100℃以上(对于丙烯聚合物优选加热到130-160℃、尤其在150℃)来发泡到低于200克/升、优选低于150克/升和尤其低于100克/升的体积密度。
第一种情况表达了以下事实:当对浸渍批料施加的压力降低时珠粒料实际上不发泡。用作起始原料的烯烃聚合物粒料具有450-700克/升的体积密度,这取决于它们的组成和它们的颗粒物的形状。第二种情况表达以下事实:甚至在与大气自由接触的情况下贮存1个小时之后,珠粒仍然含有足够量的贮存的发泡剂,使得能够良好地发泡。与大气自由接触的情况下在室温下贮存1个小时因此在实践中是重要的和也是现实的,因为含有发泡剂的珠粒的实际处理和配送中在它们的包装之前和在从包装中取出之后发泡之前总共占用不超过1个小时。在这一过程中逃逸了极少量的发泡剂。因为当贮存和运输时珠粒一般包装在密封容器中或在气密的膜袋中,在这些贮存过程中逃逸的发泡剂的量也是无关紧要的。
含有发泡剂的新型聚烯烃珠粒正常能够贮存数天,且不会有任何显著量的发泡剂跑掉。然而,在开放状态下的长时间贮存是应该避免的。
对于本发明的目的,烯烃聚合物是
a)均聚丙烯,
b)丙烯与0.1-15%(重量)、优选0.5-12%(重量)的乙烯和/或C4-C10-α-烯烃的无规共聚物,优选是丙烯与0.5-6%(重量)的乙烯或与0.5-15%(重量)的1-丁烯的共聚物,或由丙烯、0.5-6%(重量)的乙烯和0.5-6%(重量)的1-丁烯制备的三元共聚物,或
c)a)或b)与0.1-75%(重量),优选3-50%(重量)的聚烯烃弹性体(例如含30-70%(重量)的丙烯的乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物)的混合物。
d)聚乙烯(LLDPE,LDPE,MDPE,HDPE)或
e)在a)至d)项下提及的聚烯烃的混合物(如果需要,添加相容剂)。
使用齐格勒或金属茂制得的烯烃聚合物是合适的。
在a)至e)下列出的聚烯烃的晶体熔点(DSC最高值)一般是90-170℃,它们的熔融热焓(由DSC测定)优选是20-300J/g,其熔体指数MFR(对于丙烯聚合物而言230℃,2.16kp,对于乙烯聚合物而言190℃,2.16kp)优选是0.1-100克/10分,根据DIN53 735。
优选的聚烯烃类是丙烯的均聚物或丙烯与至多15%(重量)的乙烯和/或1-丁烯的共聚物,特别优选含有1-5%(重量)的乙烯的丙烯-乙烯共聚物。它们具有130-160℃的熔点和约900克/升的密度(在室温下)。
烯烃聚合物可与相当于其重量的至多50%(重量)的具有低于180℃的玻璃化转变温度(在DSC曲线中的拐点)的不同类型的热塑性材料进行共混。合适的热塑性材料的例子是用量为5-40%(重量)的聚酰胺,而且普通的相容剂,例如嵌段共聚物如Exxelor P 1015(EXXON),可加入到该混合物中。
已经发现无需掺混不同类型的热塑性塑料,本发明也是可行的。这是优选的,因为外来的热塑性塑料的存在会损害聚烯烃和从其制备的泡沫体的可回收性。为增塑所添加的弹性乙烯-丙烯共聚物对于本发明的目的不被认为是不同类型的。
聚烯烃可含有常规的添加剂,如抗氧化剂,稳定剂,阻燃剂,蜡,成核剂,填料,颜料和染料。
用于制备本发明的可发泡的聚烯烃珠粒的起始原料是聚烯烃粒料,它优选具有0.2-10毫米、特别0.5-5毫米的平均直径。这些几乎圆柱形或圆形的微细型珠粒的制备方法是:挤出聚烯烃(如果需要,与需要掺混的热塑性塑料和与其它添加剂一起挤出),然后,如果需要,加以冷却,和造粒。
微细型珠粒优选含有0.001-10%(重量)的成核剂(优选0.1-5%(重量),尤其是0.5-3%(重量))。这些合适的例子是滑石,链烷烃和/或蜡,以及炭黑,石墨和煅制二氧化硅,及天然或合成的沸石和(改性或未改性)膨润土。它们使得能够生产出小泡孔的泡沫体。在许多情况下,没有它们是不可能发泡的。
这些粒料在搅拌式反应器中被分散在悬浮液中。优选的悬浮介质是水。在这一情况下有必要添加悬浮剂,以确保微细型珠粒在悬浮介质中的均匀分布。合适的悬浮剂是水不溶性无机稳定剂,如磷酸三钙,焦磷酸镁和金属碳酸盐;其它是聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,如十二烷基芳基磺酸钠。这些的常用量是0.05-10%(重量)。如果,按照在WO-A 99/10419中那样,悬浮介质的密度低于被悬浮的粒料的密度,则悬浮稳定剂的添加是不必要的。例如如果悬浮介质是乙醇或乙醇与至多50%(重量)的水的混合物,则是这样的情况。
发泡剂的正确选择对于本发明是重要的。它的沸点应该是-5℃到150℃,特别25℃到125℃。发泡剂优选是烷烃,烷醇,酮,醚或酯。特别优选是戊烷,己烷和庚烷,尤其仲-戊烷,3,3-二甲基-2-丁酮和4-甲基-2-戊酮。还有可能使用发泡剂混合物。发泡剂优选是无卤素的。然而,含有少量、优选低于10%(重量)、尤其低于5%(重量)的含卤素发泡剂(例如二氯甲烷或氟代烃)的发泡剂混合物不应该被排除。
发泡剂的用量优选是2-50%(重量),尤其5-30%(重量)(基于粒料)。发泡剂可以在反应器内容物的加热之前、过程中或之后添加。它可以全部一次或分几部分引入。
在浸渍过程中,温度应该接近聚烯烃的软化点。它可以是熔点(晶体熔点)以下40℃到比熔点(晶体熔点)高25℃,但优选低于熔点。对于聚丙烯,优选的浸渍温度是120到150℃。
取决于发泡剂的量和性质,以及取决于温度,在反应器中达到的压力一般是高于2巴,但不高于40巴。
浸渍时间通常是0.5到10小时。在减压和从搅拌反应器中取出之前,悬浮液被冷却至低于100℃、优选至10-50℃,例如通过让冷却水流过反应器夹套。一旦压力降低和从反应器中排出批料,含有发泡剂的珠粒从悬浮介质中分离出来并进行洗涤。
含有发泡剂的珠粒可通过普通方法在压力预发泡器中使用热空气或蒸汽来发泡。取决于发泡剂的性质和取决于聚合物基质和所需的体积密度,当用蒸汽发泡时使用的压力是2-4.5巴,发泡时间是3-30秒且在发泡过程中的温度应该高于100℃(对于聚丙烯的情况,尤其是130到160℃)。单次发泡得到20-200克/升的体积密度。技术或经济上的原因也适宜使用一次以上的发泡以获得低体积密度。
所获得的可模塑的泡沫可由已知方法生产泡沫模制品。
在实施例中,全部的份和百分数是按重量计。
实施例1-12
A.微细型珠粒(MP)的制备
1.起始原料:
PP: NOVOLEN 3200 MC聚丙烯,Targor GmbH,
PA: ULTRAMID B 3聚酰胺,BASF AG,
PPE: NORYL 8390聚苯醚,General Electric Comp.
EX: EXXELOR P 1015相容剂,Exxon Corp.
KR: KRATON G 1701 E相容剂,Shell Corp.
Wax: LUWAX AF 31聚乙烯蜡,BASF AG
BE: 膨润土 EXM 948,Südchemie AG
2.混合物:
MP 1:100 份的PP
0.5 份的蜡
1 份的滑石
MP 2:95 份的PP
4.75 份的PA
0.25 份的EX
0.1 份的蜡
1 份的滑石
MP 3:70 份的PP
28.5 份的PA
1.5 份的EX
0.1 份的蜡
1 份的滑石
MP 4:70 份的PP
30 份的PPE
5 份的KR
0.1 份的蜡
1 份的滑石
MP 5:100 份的PP
1 份的蜡
1 份的滑石
MP 6:100 份的PP
2 份的BE
1 份的蜡
3.挤出
将所述量的起始原料在挤出机中混合、挤出和造粒。微细型珠粒尺寸为d(直径)=0.8-1毫米,1(长)=2.3-2.8毫米。
实施例1-6
B.在260ml搅拌式高压釜中制备可发珠粒料
1.起始原料和量
微细型珠粒 33.3g
水 106.7g
发泡剂 10.7g
磷酸三钙 2.9g
十二烷基芳基磺酸 0.1g
2.浸渍
将起始原料放入260ml ml搅拌式高压釜中。该批料被加热至140℃并在此温度下保持三小时。将高压釜冷却至室温和降低压力。分离出浸渍过的珠粒、洗涤、强化空气干燥和在密封容器中贮存。
C.将可发珠粒料进行发泡
从容器中取出珠粒并在与大气自由接触的情况下在室温下贮存1个小时。它们然后在普通的压力预发泡器中在150℃下用水蒸汽发泡8秒(蒸汽压力3.5巴)。表1给出了所使用的微细型珠粒和发泡剂、在一个小时的保持时间之前和之后测得的发泡剂的含量和珠粒的体积密度,连同在所获得的可模塑的泡沫体中泡孔的性质。
表1
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6c |
微细型珠粒 | MP1 | MP2 | MP3 | MP1 | MP1 | MP4 |
发泡剂 | 仲戊烷 | DB | 4M2P | 4M2P | 正丁烷 | 氟利昴11 |
先前含量% | 15.5 | 19.2 | 22.8 | 17.9 | 7.2 | 17.6 |
随后含量% | 5.9 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 3.5 | 12.4 |
先前体积密度克/升 | 480 | 546 | 522 | 539 | 531 | 573 |
随后体积密度克/升 | 88 | 51 | 86 | 70 | 147 | 278 |
泡孔的性质 | 小 | 中等尺寸 | 中等尺寸 | 小 | 小 | 大 |
发泡剂 DB=3,3-二甲基-2-丁酮
4M2P=4-甲基-2-戊酮
氟利昂11=三氯氟代甲烷
实施例6c是对比例。
实施例7-11
B.在55升搅拌容器中制备可发珠粒料
1a.起始原料和量(实施例7-9)
微细型珠粒 11.93kg
水 26.50kg
发泡剂 2.50kg
碳酸钙 1.05kg(Alpha公司的Calcilit 1G)
Lutensol AO 3109 1.07g(BASF AG的表面活性剂)
1b.起始原料和量(实施例10)
微细型珠粒 16.19kg
水 20.24kg
发泡剂 3.40kg
碳酸钙 1.42kg(Alpha公司的Calcilit 1G)
Lutensol AO 3109 1.46g(BASF AG的表面活性剂)
1c.起始原料和量(实施例11)
微细型珠粒 16.24kg
水 20.30kg
发泡剂 3.41kg
碳酸钙 1.06kg(Alpha公司的Calcilit 1G)
Lutensol AO 3109 1.46g(BASF AG公司的表面活性剂)
2.浸渍
将起始原料放入55升搅拌容器中。在表中给出的加热时间内,该混合物被调节至140℃并在该温度下保持1个小时,随后冷却至室温和释压。浸渍的粒料被排泄到筛子中,在其中用水洗涤,然后在密封罐中贮存。这些材料的样品进行强化空气干燥并用于发泡试验(参见表2)。
实施例12
B.在1.6m3搅拌容器中制备可发珠粒料
1c.起始原料和量(实施例12)
微细型珠粒 423.3kg
水 940.7kg
发泡剂 88.9kg
碳酸钙 37.1kg(Calcilit 1G,购自Alpha)
Lutensol AO 3109 38.1g(BASF AG)
2.浸渍
将起始原料放入1.6m3搅拌式容器。该混合物在5小时内被调节至140℃并在该温度下保持1个小时,随后冷却至室温和释压。浸渍的粒料被排泄到筛子中,在其中用水洗涤,然后在密封罐中贮存。这些材料的样品进行强化空气干燥和用于发泡试验(参见表2)。
实施例7-12
C.将可发珠粒料进行发泡
按照在实施例1-6的C项下所述进行发泡。结果参见表2。
表2
实施例 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
微细型珠粒 | MP1 | MP5 | MP6 | MP1 | MP1 | MP1 |
加热时间[h] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
发泡剂 | 仲戊烷 | 正庚烷 | 仲戊烷 | 仲戊烷 | 仲戊烷 | 仲戊烷 |
先前含量% | 8.7 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 13.6 |
随后含量% | 4.6 | 4.9 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
先前体积密度[克/升] | 564 | 562 | 562 | 563 | 558 | 562 |
随后体积密度[克/升] | 73 | 154 | 46 | 67 | 61 | 78 |
泡孔的性质 | 小 | 小 | 小 | 小 | 小 | 小 |
*非标准蒸汽压:4巴,8秒
Claims (10)
1.可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物,其中该烯烃聚合物是丙烯均聚物或丙烯与至多15重量%的选自乙烯、1-丁烯及其混合物的共聚单体的共聚物,而且其中可以已经掺混有至多50%的玻璃化转变温度低于180℃的热塑性材料,并且不含有掺混的玻璃化转变温度高于180℃的热塑性材料,并且其中含有1-40重量%的沸点为-5℃至150℃的无卤素的有机发泡剂,在每种情况下基于烯烃聚合物的重量,其中未发泡的珠粒具有高于400克/升的体积密度并且即使在与大气自由接触的情况下在室温下贮存一个小时之后仍能通过加热到100℃以上来发泡至低于200克/升的体积密度。
2.根据权利要求1的可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物,它含有0.001-10重量%的成核剂,基于聚合物的重量。
3.根据权利要求1的可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物,它不含有掺混的热塑性材料。
4.根据权利要求1的可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物,它掺混了5-40重量%的聚酰胺。
5.制备可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物的方法,其中该烯烃聚合物是丙烯均聚物或丙烯与至多15重量%的选自乙烯、1-丁烯及其混合物的共聚单体的共聚物,而且其中可以已经掺混有至多50%的玻璃化转变温度低于180℃的热塑性材料,并且不含有掺混的玻璃化转变温度高于180℃的热塑性材料,该方法包括在压力容器中在至少120℃到150℃的温度下用2-50重量%的沸点为-5℃至150℃的无卤素有机发泡剂在悬浮液中浸渍聚烯烃粒料,降低批料的压力,然后分离和洗涤所浸渍的粒料,其中在降低压力之前将批料冷却至100℃以下。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中发泡剂是烷烃,烷醇,酮,醚,酯或它们的混合物。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中发泡剂是戊烷,己烷,庚烷,3,3-二甲基-2-丁酮或4-甲基-2-戊酮。
8.根据权利要求5的方法,其中聚烯烃粒料含有0.001-10重量%的成核剂。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中成核剂是蜡和/或滑石。
10.根据权利要求1的可发泡的烯烃珠粒聚合物用于生产泡沫体的用途。
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US6821931B2 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2004-11-23 | Alpine Mud Products Corporation | Water-based drilling fluid additive containing talc and carrier |
DE10230583A1 (de) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-01-15 | Basf Ag | Offenzellige Polypropylen-Partikelschäume |
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-
1999
- 1999-10-20 DE DE19950420A patent/DE19950420A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2000
- 2000-09-25 TW TW089119741A patent/TW527387B/zh active
- 2000-09-26 US US09/669,733 patent/US6448300B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-28 MY MYPI20004535 patent/MY125351A/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 PL PL354969A patent/PL202081B1/pl unknown
- 2000-10-10 AU AU79175/00A patent/AU7917500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-10 ES ES00969470T patent/ES2248132T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-10 CN CNB008146012A patent/CN1159369C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-10 DE DE50011131T patent/DE50011131D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2000-10-10 RU RU2002113170/04A patent/RU2290417C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-10 WO PCT/EP2000/009925 patent/WO2001029119A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-10 BR BRPI0014892-0A patent/BR0014892B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-10 EP EP00969470A patent/EP1228127B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-10 HU HU0203128A patent/HU226798B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-10 KR KR1020027005007A patent/KR100661035B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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2002
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BR0014892A (pt) | 2002-06-18 |
CZ296408B6 (cs) | 2006-03-15 |
CA2388134C (en) | 2008-03-11 |
NO20021852D0 (no) | 2002-04-19 |
NO327228B1 (no) | 2009-05-18 |
KR100661035B1 (ko) | 2006-12-26 |
CN1382179A (zh) | 2002-11-27 |
PL202081B1 (pl) | 2009-05-29 |
DE50011131D1 (de) | 2005-10-13 |
NO20021852L (no) | 2002-06-03 |
HUP0203128A3 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
CZ20021362A3 (cs) | 2002-09-11 |
US6476089B1 (en) | 2002-11-05 |
EP1228127B1 (de) | 2005-09-07 |
HUP0203128A2 (hu) | 2003-01-28 |
MXPA02003215A (es) | 2002-09-30 |
CA2388134A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
MY125351A (en) | 2006-07-31 |
WO2001029119A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
EP1228127A1 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
ATE304032T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
JP2003512491A (ja) | 2003-04-02 |
BR0014892B1 (pt) | 2011-08-09 |
KR20020064300A (ko) | 2002-08-07 |
DE19950420A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
US6448300B1 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
AU7917500A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
ES2248132T3 (es) | 2006-03-16 |
HU226798B1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
PL354969A1 (en) | 2004-03-22 |
TW527387B (en) | 2003-04-11 |
RU2290417C2 (ru) | 2006-12-27 |
JP4680461B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
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