CN111937273A - 检测近场充电垫上的无线功率接收器和其他物体的系统和方法 - Google Patents

检测近场充电垫上的无线功率接收器和其他物体的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN111937273A
CN111937273A CN201980023822.2A CN201980023822A CN111937273A CN 111937273 A CN111937273 A CN 111937273A CN 201980023822 A CN201980023822 A CN 201980023822A CN 111937273 A CN111937273 A CN 111937273A
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power
power transfer
receiver
charging pad
wireless power
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C·约翰斯顿
D·简恩
E·海因克
A·侯赛尼
S·尼科尔森
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Energous Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/05Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/24Monitoring; Testing of receivers with feedback of measurements to the transmitter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/29Performance testing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种在包括无线通信部件和多个功率传递区域的近场充电垫处执行的示例方法,每个功率传递区域分别包括至少一个功率传递元件和特征信号接收电路。该方法包括:通过包括在该多个功率传递区域中的第一功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件发送具有一组传输特性的第一值的测试功率传输信号。该方法还包括:与发送该功率传输信号中的每个功率传输信号相结合:使用该特征信号接收电路检测在该第一功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量。该方法进一步包括:基于该相应的反射的功率量,确定在该充电垫的与该第一功率传递区域相邻的表面上是否存在(i)授权的无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除无线功率接收器之外的物体。

Description

检测近场充电垫上的无线功率接收器和其他物体的系统和 方法
技术领域
本文的实施例总体上涉及无线功率传输系统中使用的天线、软件和设备,并且更具体地涉及能够使用特征信号接收电路来检测无线功率接收器和其他类型的物体的近场充电垫。
背景技术
传统的充电垫利用电感生成用于为设备充电的磁场。这些传统充电垫的用户遇到了许多令人失望的问题,这些问题包括对包括磁条和/或RFID芯片的物体(例如,信用卡、安全徽章、护照、钥匙卡等)造成损坏。此外,许多这些传统垫通常需要将要充电的设备放置在充电垫上的特定位置,并且在不中断或终止设备充电的情况下,设备可能不能移动到垫上的不同位置。这导致许多用户失望的体验,因为他们可能无法将设备定位在垫上的开始为其设备充电的确切位置,并且可能进一步地最终损坏他们每天使用的重要物体。
发明内容
因此,需要解决以上所指出问题的无线充电系统(例如,射频(RF)充电垫)。为此,本文中描述了一种RF充电垫,其能够检测所述垫上是否存在授权的无线功率接收器、以及所述垫上是否存在(不是无线功率接收器的)任何其他物体。这样的系统及其使用方法有助于发现所述垫上是否存在物体,以便确定是继续递送无线功率还是放弃发射无线功率以避免潜在地损坏任何检测到的物体。所述垫还能够识别授权的无线功率接收器和/或忽略未被授权由RF充电垫充电或供电的一个或多个无线功率接收器,并且由此在确保授权的无线功率接收器始终接收功率的同时避免了整个系统的功率抽取(leeching)和其他消耗。
在一些实例中,RF充电垫发射测试功率传输信号,并且然后从RF充电垫上存在的一个或多个无线功率接收器或一个或多个物体(不是无线功率接收器)接收回反射的功率。可以收集并分析反射的功率以识别特征信号并由此确定是否存在授权的设备和/或是否还存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体(如下文更详细解释的)。在一些实施例中,即使授权的无线功率接收器没有剩余功率(例如,其电池已完全耗尽),用于反射的功率的过程也工作,因为无线功率接收器能够利用测试功率传输信号中的能量来产生接收器侧的阻抗变化,这将导致在RF充电垫处(及其不同的功率传递区域内)检测到不同的反射的功率量,从而使接收器能够向RF充电垫传送数据。
如上所述,这样的系统和方法可以进一步管理RF充电垫与具有或不具有任何数据通信能力的一个或多个无线功率接收器之间的功率传递控制通信。在一些实例中,无线功率接收器可以包括电子设备、用于接收和转换无线功率传输信号的电路以及数据通信无线电设备,并且电子设备的电池可能没有剩余的电荷(或功率),因此所述设备无法向所述垫发送数据通信信号。在这种场景下,需要不同的技术来检测无线功率接收器是否被授权接收无线功率。在其他实例中,无线功率接收器可以包括电子设备和用于接收和转换无线功率传输信号的电路,并且可能不包括任何数据通信无线电设备,并且因此需要一种能够确定这样的接收器是否被授权从所述垫接收无线功率的技术。本文讨论的各个实施例提供了解决这些问题的技术。
在以下描述中,参考包括各种天线区域的RF充电垫。出于此描述的目的,功率传递(或天线)区域包括RF充电垫的一个或多个功率传递元件(例如,诸如电容耦合器的天线),并且可以通过控制集成电路(例如,图1A至图1B的RF功率发射器集成电路160)单独寻址到每个功率传递区域,以允许选择性地激活每个功率传递区域,以便确定哪个功率传递区域能够最高效地将无线功率传递至接收器。RF充电垫在本文中也可互换地称为近场充电垫,或者更简单地称为充电垫。
(A1)在一些实施例中,一种方法在近场充电垫处执行,所述近场充电垫包括无线通信部件(例如,图1A的通信部件204)、各自分别包括至少一个功率传递元件和特征信号接收电路(例如,图3A的电路240)的多个功率传递区域(例如,图1B中示出的示例功率传递区域)、以及一个或多个处理器(例如,图1B和图2A的CPU 202)。所述方法包括:通过包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的第一功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件发送具有第一组传输特性的第一值的多个测试功率传输信号。所述方法还包括:与发送所述多个测试功率传输信号中的每个测试功率传输信号相结合,使用所述特征信号接收电路检测在所述第一功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量。所述方法进一步包括:至少部分地基于所述相应的反射的功率量,确定在所述近场充电垫的与所述第一功率传递区域相邻的表面上是否存在(i)授权的无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除无线功率接收器之外的物体。
(A2)在A1的方法的一些实施例中,所述检测在所述第一功率传递区域处的所述相应的反射的功率量包括:使用所述特征信号接收电路确定至少部分地基于所述第一功率传递区域处的所述相应的反射的功率量的一个或多个特征信号。所述方法还进一步包括:基于所述一个或多个特征信号与一个或多个预定义特征信号的比较,确定在所述近场充电垫的与第一天线区域相邻的表面上存在授权的无线功率接收器。在一些实施例中,授权的无线功率接收器包括特征信号生成电路,所述特征信号生成电路使用从所述多个测试功率传输信号中采集的功率来生成所述一个或多个特征信号;并根据确定所述表面上存在所述授权的无线功率接收器,通过包括在所述第一天线区域中的所述相应的功率传递元件来发射具有所述第一组传输特性的第二值的附加的功率传输信号。在一些实施例中,所述特征信号接收电路被配置为检测在第一天线区域处的反射的功率的测量值(measurements),并且这些测量值可以基于在与第一天线区域相邻的表面(例如,所述垫的在第一天线区域正上方的表面)上是否存在物体而改变。另外,所述特征信号生成电路可以被配置为在无线功率接收时引起阻抗变化,这允许特征信号生成电路生成不同的特征信号,并由此导致在第一天线区域的特征信号接收电路处接收到不同的特征信号。如下文更详细地讨论的,这允许创建这样一种方案,其中可以基于不同的特征信号来检测授权的无线功率接收器,并且可以忽略未授权的无线功率接收器,以避免允许未授权的设备从系统中汲取(leach)功率。
(A3)在A2的方法的一些实施例中,所述确定所述表面上存在所述授权的无线功率接收器还包括:基于所述一个或多个特征信号与所述一个或多个预定义特征信号的比较,确定在所述授权的无线功率接收器与所述表面之间存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体。所述方法另外包括:确定所述近场充电垫被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体的时候发送功率传输信号;以及在确定所述近场充电垫被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体的时候发送功率传输信号之后,发送所述附加的功率传输信号。
(A4)在A2的方法的一些实施例中,通过使用对所述无线功率接收器的阻抗值的操纵对所述一个或多个特征信号进行编码来将所述一个或多个特征信号传送至所述第一功率传递区域的所述特征信号接收电路,对所述阻抗值的操纵导致所述反射的功率量在不同的时间点会有所不同。在一些实施例中,对阻抗值的操纵使特征信号接收电路检测到反射的功率的测量值的变化,并且这些变化可以被解码以产生一个或多个特征信号(例如,示例的解码的特征信号在图4中示出)。在一些实施例中,一个或多个特征信号包括频率值和占空比值的组合。在一些实施例中,除了传送关于无线功率接收器是否被授权从所述垫接收功率的信息之外,所述一个或多个特征信号还可以用于向所述垫传送数据。图4中示出了关于可以如何使用特征信号对数据进行编码的示例。
(A5)在A1至A4中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述近场充电垫包括数据通信无线电设备,并且所述多个测试功率传输信号的发送是在不经由所述数据通信无线电设备接收任何信号的情况下执行的。
(A6)在A1至A5中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述多个测试功率传输信号的发送是在预定义时间段到期时执行的(例如,每秒一次、每两秒一次或每五秒一次)。
(A7)在A1至A6中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述方法进一步包括:与所述多个测试功率传输信号的发送相结合,通过包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件来发送相应的多个测试功率传输信号;使用包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个相应的功率传递区域中的相应的特征信号接收电路来检测在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量;以及针对所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域,确定在与所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域相邻的相应的表面处是否存在(a)无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除了无线功率接收器之外的物体。换言之,每个功率传递区域被配置为发送测试功率传输信号,并且然后确定在该功率传递区域上是否存在任何授权的无线功率接收器和/或物体。
(A8)在A7的方法的一些实施例中,所述方法进一步包括:基于在所述多个功率传递区域中的第二功率传递区域处检测到的相应的反射的功率量,确定在所述第二功率传递区域处存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体;以及根据确定在所述第二功率传递区域处存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体,确定所述近场充电垫是否被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在一个或多个物体的时候发射无线功率。在一些实施例中,仅在确定所述近场充电垫被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在一个或多个物体的时候发送无线功率之后才执行所述附加的功率传输信号的发送。在一些实施例中,近场充电垫被配置有参数,所述参数指示当所述垫上存在异物(例如,除无线功率接收器之外的物体)时是否允许其发送功率。例如,所述垫的所有者或操作者可以在所述垫的设置过程期间设置该参数。在一些实施例中,还可以以更大精确度的方式执行分类,例如以确定不是无线功率接收器的物体的类型(例如,金属物体、非金属物体、信用卡、溢出的液体等)。
(A9)在A2或A3的方法的一些实施例中,所述近场充电垫的所述一个或多个处理器与包括所述一个或多个预定义特征信号的数据源(例如,内部或外部数据库)通信。
(A10)在A9的方法的一些实施例中,在配置过程期间用所述一个或多个预定义特征信号来填充所述数据源,在所述配置过程中,将多个不同的无线功率接收器中的每个无线功率接收器放置在所述近场充电垫上,以允许所述近场充电垫进行检测并且然后存储所述多个不同的无线功率接收器中的每个无线功率接收器的相应的预定义特征信号。
(A11)在A10的方法的一些实施例中,所述配置过程还包括将不是无线功率接收器的多个不同的物体放置在所述近场充电垫上,以允许所述近场充电垫进行检测并且然后存储所述多个不同的物体中的每个物体的相应的预定义特征信号。在一些实施例中,在该配置过程期间,还将每个不同的物体的标识符与每个相应的存储的特征信号一起存储,从而允许近场充电垫基于将特征信号与所存储的信号之一进行匹配来识别不同类型的物体。
(A12)在A1至A11任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述方法进一步包括:在发送所述附加的功率传输信号之后,从所述无线功率接收器接收数据通信信号,所述数据通信信号包括允许所述近场充电垫确定所述第一组传输特性的设备特定值的信息;以及响应于接收到所述数据通信信号,停止发送所述附加的功率传输信号,并且替代地经由包括在所述第一功率传递区域中的所述相应的功率传递元件来发送具有所述第一组传输特性的设备特定值的其他功率传输信号。在无线功率接收器是不包括任何数据通信无线电设备的设备的情况下,将不执行这些操作,而是,所述垫将继续发射附加的功率传输信号,直到确定无线功率接收器已完全充电(例如,无线功率接收器处的特征信号生成电路可以用于生成向第一天线区域的特征信号接收电路传送的接收器已达到完全充电状态的信号)或直到确定所述垫上不再存在无线功率接收器。
(A13)在A1至A12中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述第一组传输特性的所述第一值和所述第二值相同。
(A14)在A1至A12中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述第一组传输特性的所述第一值和所述第二值不同。
(A15)在A1至A14中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述无线功率接收器包括功率接收元件和整流器,所述整流器耦接至所述功率接收元件以用于将通过接收到功率传输信号而生成的交流转换为直流(DC),并且所述无线功率接收器的所述信号生成电路包括:阻抗修改电路,所述阻抗修改电路位于所述整流器的直流(DC)输出端口处,所述阻抗修改电路被配置为修改所述无线功率接收器处的阻抗。
(A16)在A1至A15中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述特征信号接收电路包括以上参考图3G描述的电路。
(A17)在A1至A16中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述功率传递元件是近场电容耦合器,并且所述近场电容耦合器包括具有初级耦合器的金属层以及与在所述金属层上的所述初级耦合器相邻的一个或多个寄生耦接元件。
(A18)在A1至A17中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述近场电容耦合器经由传输线与功率放大器耦接,所述传输线被配置为向所述近场电容耦合器提供所述多个测试功率传输信号和所述附加的功率传输信号。
(A19)在A1至A18中任一项的方法的一些实施例中,所述传输线与所述特征信号接收电路耦接。
(A20)在另一方面,提供了一种近场充电垫。在一些实施例中,所述近场充电垫包括无线通信部件、各自分别包括至少一个天线元件和特征信号接收电路的多个天线区域、一个或多个处理器、以及存储一个或多个程序的存储器,所述一个或多个程序当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时使所述近场充电垫执行A1至A19中任一项所描述的方法。
(A21)在又一方面,提供了一种近场充电垫,并且所述近场充电垫包括用于执行A1至A19中任一项所描述的方法的装置。
(A22)在又一方面,提供了一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质。所述非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储可执行指令,所述可执行指令当由(包括无线通信部件、各自分别包括至少一个天线元件和特征信号接收电路的多个天线区域的)近场充电垫利用一个或多个处理器/核执行时使所述近场充电垫执行A1至A19中任一项所描述的方法。
因此,根据本文描述的原理配置的无线充电系统能够执行一项或多项操作,包括:(1)识别授权的电子设备,(2)发现RF充电垫与无线功率接收器之间的任何异物,和/或(3)管理RF充电垫与具有或不具有任何数据通信能力的无线功率接收器之间的功率传递控制通信,从而提供了许多改进并解决了传统充电垫的许多问题和限制。
注意,上述各个实施例可以与本文描述的任何其他实施例组合。说明书中描述的特征和优点并非都是包含性的,并且特别地,基于附图、说明书和权利要求,许多附加特征和优点对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。此外,应当注意,说明书中使用的语言主要是出于可读性和指导目的而选择的,并且不旨在限定或限制本发明的主题。
附图说明
为了可以更详细地理解本公开,可以通过参考各个实施例的特征来获得更具体的描述,在附图中图示了所述实施例中的一些实施例。然而,附图仅图示了本公开的相关特征,并且因此不应被认为是限制性的,因为所述描述可承认其他有效特征。
图1A是根据一些实施例的RF无线功率传输系统的框图。
图1B是示出了根据一些实施例的包括RF功率发射器集成电路和天线区域的示例RF充电垫的部件的框图。
图1C是示出了根据一些实施例的包括耦接至开关的RF功率发射器集成电路的示例RF充电垫的部件的框图。
图2A是图示了根据一些实施例的示例RF充电垫的框图。
图2B是图示了根据一些实施例的示例接收器设备的框图。
图3A是根据一些实施例的位于RF充电垫处的示例无线发射器和位于接收器设备处的示例无线接收器的简化电路的框图。
图3B-1和图3B-2示出了框图,这些框图图示了根据一些实施例的包括整流器的电路,所述整流器耦接至位于接收器设备处的无线接收器的可变负载。
图3C是图示了根据一些实施例的在位于接收器设备处的无线接收器内包括反射开关的电路的框图。
图3D是图示了根据一些实施例的位于接收器设备处的特征信号生成电路的示例的框图。
图3E图示了框图,图示了根据一些实施例的包括位于充电垫处的特征信号接收电路的示例发射器电路。
图3F至图3H示出了各个框图,图示了根据一些实施例的无线发射器和无线接收器的各种示例电路。
图4列出了根据一些实施例的以呈PFM/PWM对的特征信号编码的示例消息。
图5A图示了简化图,示出了根据一些实施例的在无线功率发射器中使用的高度耦接的近场电容耦合器。
图5B示出了根据一些实施例的当将接收器放置在发射器的不同区上时对应于各个实施例的多个效率图。
图6A是示出了根据一些实施例的通过周期性地发送信标信号来检测接收器的过程的流程图。
图6B是示出了根据一些实施例的由发射器执行的可选训练的过程的流程图。
图7是示出了根据一些实施例的由发射器执行的收集、存储和分析ADC样本的过程的流程图。
图8A是示出了根据一些实施例的由发射器执行的分析ADC样本的过程的流程图。
图8B是示出了根据一些实施例的评估区域状态以确定是否存在异物和/或接收器的过程的流程图。
图9A至图9B是示出了根据一些实施例的操作近场充电垫的方法的流程图。
根据惯例,附图中图示的各种特征可能未按比例绘制。因此,为了清楚起见,可以任意地增大或减小各种特征的尺寸。另外,附图中的一些附图可能未描绘给定系统、方法或设备的所有部件。最后,在整个说明书和附图中,类似的附图标记可以用于表示类似的特征。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考实施例,附图中图示了这些实施例的示例。在以下详细说明中,阐述了许多具体细节以便提供对所描述的各个实施例的全面理解。然而,对于本领域普通技术人员而言将明显的是,可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践所描述的各个实施例。在其他实例中,并未详细描述公知的方法、过程(procedure)、部件、电路和网络,以防不必要地模糊实施例的各方面。
图1A是根据一些实施例的RF无线功率传输系统150的框图。在一些实施例中,RF无线功率传输系统150包括RF充电垫100(在本文中也称为近场(NF)充电垫100或RF充电垫100)。在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100包括RF功率发射器集成电路160(下文将更详细地描述)。在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100包括下文参考图2A更详细地讨论的一个或多个通信部件204(例如,无线通信部件,诸如WI-FI或蓝牙无线电设备)。在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100还连接到一个或多个功率放大器单元108-1、…108-n,以在所述一个或多个功率放大器单元驱动外部功率传递元件(例如,功率传递元件290)时控制所述一个或多个功率放大器单元的操作。在一些实施例中,经由开关电路在RF充电垫100处控制和调制RF功率,以使RF无线功率传输系统能够经由TX天线阵列210向一个或多个无线接收设备发送RF功率。
在一些实施例中,(多个)通信部件204实现RF充电垫100与一个或多个通信网络之间的通信。在一些实施例中,(多个)通信部件204能够使用各种定制或标准无线协议(例如,IEEE 802.15.4、Wi-Fi、ZigBee、6LoWPAN、Thread、Z-Wave、蓝牙智能、ISA100.11a、WirelessHART、MiWi等)、定制或标准有线协议(例如,以太网、HomePlug等)、和/或包括截至本文件提交日期尚未开发出的通信协议在内的任何其他适合的通信协议中的任何一种进行数据通信。
在一些实例中,(多个)通信部件204由于各种原因而不能与无线功率接收器进行通信,例如,因为没有功率可用于(多个)通信部件用于数据信号的传输,或者因为无线功率接收器本身实际上并不包括其自身的任何通信部件。这样,重要的是将近场充电垫设计为仍然能够唯一地识别不同类型的设备,并且当检测到无线功率接收器时,弄清楚该无线功率接收器是否被授权接收无线功率。
图1B是根据一些实施例的RF功率发射器集成电路160(“集成电路”)的框图。在一些实施例中,集成电路160包括CPU子系统170、外部设备控制接口、用于DC至RF功率转换的RF子部分、以及经由互连部件(诸如总线或互连结构(fabric)块171)互连的模拟和数字控制接口。在一些实施例中,CPU子系统170包括具有相关只读存储器(ROM)172的微处理器单元(CPU)202,用于经由数字控制接口(例如,I2C端口)将设备程序引导至外部闪速存储器(FLASH),所述外部FLASH包含被加载到CPU子系统随机存取存储器(RAM)174(例如,图2A中的存储器206)中或直接从FLASH执行的CPU可执行代码。在一些实施例中,CPU子系统170还包括加密模块或块176,用于认证并保护与外部设备的通信交换,所述外部设备诸如是试图从RF充电垫100接收以无线方式递送的功率的无线功率接收器。
在一些实施例中,在CPU上运行的可执行指令(诸如在图2A中的存储器206中示出并在下文描述的那些)用于管理RF充电垫100的操作并通过包括在RF功率发射器集成电路160中的控制接口(例如,SPI控制接口175)以及其他模拟和数字接口来控制外部设备。在一些实施例中,CPU子系统还管理包括RF本地振荡器(LO)177和RF发射器(TX)178的RF功率发射器集成电路160的RF子部分的操作。在一些实施例中,RF LO 177基于来自CPU子系统170的指令进行调整,并且从而设置为不同的期望操作频率,而RF TX根据期望转换、放大、调制RF输出以生成可行的RF功率电平。
在下文的描述中,对天线区域和功率传递区域进行了各种引用,这些术语在本公开中被同义地使用。在一些实施例中,天线/功率传递区域可以包括发射传播的射频波的天线元件,但在其他实施例中,天线/功率传递区域可以替代地包括传送电信号但不发送传播的射频波的电容式充电耦合器。
在一些实施例中,RF功率发射器集成电路160将可行的RF功率电平(例如,经由RFTX 178)提供给可选的波束成形集成电路(IC)109,所述波束成形集成电路然后向一个或多个功率放大器108提供相移信号。在一些实施例中,波束成形IC 109用于确保使用两个或更多个天线210(例如,每个天线210可以与不同的天线区域290相关联或者每个天线可以属于单个天线区域290)发送到特定无线功率接收器的功率传输信号是以适当的特性(例如,相位)发射的,以确保发射至特定无线功率接收器的功率最大化(例如,功率传输信号同相位地到达特定无线功率接收器)。在一些实施例中,波束成形IC 109形成RF功率发射器IC 160的一部分。在其中将电容耦合器(例如,电容式充电耦合器244)用作天线210的实施例中,可选的波束成形IC 109可以不包括在RF功率发射器集成电路160中。
在一些实施例中,RF功率发射器集成电路160将可行的RF功率电平(例如,经由RFTX 178)直接提供给一个或多个功率放大器108,并且不使用波束成形IC 109(或者如果不要求相移,诸如当仅使用单个天线210来将功率传输信号发射至无线功率接收器时,则绕过波束成形IC)。
在一些实施例中,一个或多个功率放大器108然后向天线区域290(在本文中也称为“功率传递区域”)提供RF信号,用于传输到被授权从RF充电垫100接收以无线方式递送的功率的无线功率接收器。在一些实施例中,每个天线区域290与相应的PA 108耦接(例如,天线区域290-1与PA 108-1耦接,并且天线区域290-N与PA 108-N耦接)。在一些实施例中,多个天线区域各自与同一组PA 108耦接(例如,所有PA 108与每个天线区域290耦接)。PA 108到天线区域290的各种布置和耦接允许RF充电垫100顺序地或选择性地激活不同的天线区域,以便确定用于将无线功率发射至无线功率接收器的最高效的天线区域290(如下文参考图9A至图9B、图10、和图11A至图11E更详细地解释的)。在一些实施例中,一个或多个功率放大器108还与CPU子系统170通信,以允许CPU 202测量由PA 108提供给RF充电垫100的天线区域的输出功率。
图1B还示出,在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100的天线区域290可以包括一个或多个天线210A至210N。在一些实施例中,多个天线区域中的每个天线区域包括一个或多个天线210(例如,天线区域290-1包括一个天线210-A,而天线区域290-N包括多个天线210)。在一些实施例中,基于各种参数(诸如无线功率接收器在RF充电垫100上的位置)动态地限定包括在每个天线区域中的多个天线。在一些实施例中,天线区域可以包括下文更详细描述的曲折线(meandering line)天线中的一个或多个。在一些实施例中,每个天线区域290可以包括不同类型的天线(例如,曲折线天线和环形天线),而在其他实施例中,每个天线区域290可以包括相同类型的单个天线(例如,所有天线区域290包括一个曲折线天线),而在另一些其他实施例中,天线区域可以包括一些包括相同类型的单个天线的天线区域以及一些包括不同类型的天线的天线区域。在一些实施例中,天线/功率传递区域还可以或可替代地包括传送电信号但不发送传播的射频波的电容式充电耦合器。天线区域也在下文进一步详细描述。
在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100还可以包括温度监测电路,所述温度监测电路与CPU子系统170通信以确保RF充电垫100维持在可接受的温度范围内。例如,如果确定RF充电垫100已经达到阈值温度,则可以暂时中止RF充电垫100的操作,直到RF充电垫100降至阈值温度以下。
通过在单个芯片上包括针对RF功率发射器电路160(图1B)所示出的部件,这种发射器芯片能够更高效且快速地(并且具有更低的延迟)管理在发射器芯片处的操作,从而有助于提高用户对由这些发射器芯片管理的充电垫的满意度。例如,RF功率发射器电路160构造更便宜,具有更小的物理占用面积并且更易于安装。此外,并且如下文参考图2A更详细地解释的,RF功率发射器电路160还可以包括安全元件模块234(例如,包括在图1B中示出的加密块176中),所述安全元件模块与安全元件模块282(图2B)或接收器104结合使用以确保只有授权的接收器能够从RF充电垫100(图1B)接收以无线方式递送的功率。
图1C是根据一些实施例的充电垫294的框图。充电垫294是充电垫100(图1A)的示例,然而,为了便于讨论和图示,充电垫100中包括的一个或多个部件未包括在充电垫294中。
充电垫294包括RF功率发射器集成电路160、一个或多个功率放大器108、以及具有多个天线区域的发射器天线阵列290。上面参考图1A和图1B详细描述了这些部件中的每一个。另外,充电垫294包括位于功率放大器108与天线阵列290之间的开关295(即,发射器侧开关),该开关具有多个开关297-A、297-B、…297-N。开关295被配置为响应于由RF功率发射器集成电路160提供的控制信号将一个或多个功率放大器108与天线阵列290的一个或多个天线区域可切换地连接。
为了实现上述目的,每个开关297与天线阵列290的不同天线区域耦接(例如,提供到不同天线区域的信号路径)。例如,开关297-A可以与天线阵列290的第一天线区域290-1(图1B)耦接,开关297-B可以与天线阵列290的第二天线区域290-2耦接,以此类推。多个开关297-A、297-B、…297-N中的每一个一旦闭合,便在相应的功率放大器108(或多个功率放大器108)与天线阵列290的相应的天线区域之间创建唯一的路径。通过开关295的每个唯一路径用于将RF信号选择性地提供给天线阵列290的特定天线区域。应当注意,多个开关297-A、297-B、…297-N中的两个或更多个可以同时闭合,从而创建到天线阵列290的多个唯一路径,这些路径可以同时使用。
在一些实施例中,RF功率发射器集成电路160耦接到开关295,并且被配置为控制多个开关297-A、297-B、…297-N的操作(图示为图1A和图1C中的“控制出(control out)”信号)。例如,RF功率发射器集成电路160可以闭合第一开关297-A,同时保持其他开关断开。在另一示例中,RF功率发射器集成电路160可以闭合第一开关297-A和第二开关297-B,并且保持其他开关断开(各种其他组合和配置是可能的)。此外,RF功率发射器集成电路160耦接到一个或多个功率放大器108,并且被配置为生成合适的RF信号(例如,“RF出(RF Out)”信号)并将RF信号提供给一个或多个功率放大器108。一个或多个功率放大器108进而被配置为取决于开关295中的哪个开关297被RF功率发射器集成电路160闭合而经由开关295将RF信号提供给天线阵列290的一个或多个天线区域。
为了进一步说明,如下文一些实施例中所描述的,充电垫被配置为例如取决于接收器在充电垫上的位置而使用不同的天线区域来发射测试功率传输信号和/或常规功率传输信号。因此,当选择特定的天线区域来发射测试信号或常规功率信号时,将控制信号从RF功率发射器集成电路160发送到开关295,以使至少一个开关297闭合。这样做时,可以使用由现在闭合的至少一个开关297创建的唯一路径将来自至少一个功率放大器108的RF信号提供给特定天线区域。
在一些实施例中,开关295可以是天线阵列290的一部分(例如,在其内部)。可替代地,在一些实施例中,开关295与天线阵列290分离(例如,开关295可以是不同的部件,或者可以是另一部件(如(多个)功率放大器108)的一部分)。应当注意,可以使用能够实现上述目的任何开关设计,并且图1C所示的开关295的设计仅仅是一个示例。
图2A是图示了根据一些实施例的RF充电垫100的某些部件的框图。在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100包括RF功率发射器IC 160(以及RF功率发射器IC中包括的部件,诸如以上参考图1A至图1B所描述的那些)、存储器206(其可以被包括为RF功率发射器IC 160的一部分,诸如作为CPU子系统170的一部分的非易失性存储器206)、以及用于互连这些部件(有时称为芯片组)的一个或多个通信总线208。在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100包括(下文讨论的)一个或多个传感器212。在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100包括一个或多个输出设备,诸如一个或多个指示灯、声卡、扬声器、以及用于显示文本信息和错误代码的小型显示器等。在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100包括用于确定RF充电垫100的位置的位置检测设备,诸如GPS(全球定位卫星)或其他地理位置接收器。
在一些实施例中,一个或多个传感器212包括一个或多个热辐射传感器、环境温度传感器、湿度传感器、IR传感器、占用(occupancy)传感器(例如,RFID传感器)、环境光传感器、运动检测器、加速度计、和/或陀螺仪。
在一些实施例中,RF充电垫100进一步包括特征信号接收电路240(图3A和图3E至图3G)、反射的功率耦合器242(例如,图3A和图3E)以及电容式充电耦合器244(图5A)。
存储器206包括高速随机存取存储器,诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDR SRAM、或其他随机存取固态存储器设备;并且可选地,包括非易失性存储器,诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、一个或多个光盘存储设备、一个或多个闪速存储器设备、或者一个或多个其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器206、或可替代地存储器206内的非易失性存储器包括非暂态计算机可读存储介质。在一些实施例中,存储器206或存储器206的非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储以下程序、模块、和数据结构、或其子集或超集:
·操作逻辑216,包括用于处理各种基本系统服务和用于执行硬件相关任务的过程;
·通信模块218,用于结合(多个)无线通信部件204耦接至远程设备(例如,远程传感器、发射器、接收器、服务器、映射存储器等)和/或与远程设备通信;
·传感器模块220,用于获得和处理传感器数据(例如,结合(多个)传感器212),以例如确定RF充电垫100附近物体的存在、速度、和/或定位;
·功率波生成模块222,用于生成和发射功率传输信号(例如,结合天线区域290和分别包括在天线区域中的天线210),包括但不限于在给定位置处形成(多个)能量袋(pocket)。功率波生成模块222还可以用于对用于通过单个天线区域发射功率传输信号的传输特性(例如,功率电平(即,幅度)、相位、频率等)的值进行修改;
·数据库224,包括但不限于:
o传感器信息226,用于存储和管理由一个或多个传感器(例如,传感器212和/或一个或多个远程传感器)接收、检测、和/或发射的数据;
o设备设置228,用于存储RF充电垫100和/或一个或多个远程设备的操作设置;
o通信协议信息230,用于存储和管理一个或多个协议(例如,定制或标准无线协议,诸如ZigBee、Z-Wave等,和/或定制或标准有线协议,诸如以太网)的协议信息;以及
o映射数据232,用于存储和管理映射数据(例如,映射一个或多个传输字段);
o用于各种不同的无线功率接收器和(不是无线功率接收器的)其他物体的已学习的特征信号(未示出),下文将参考图9A对其进行更详细的描述;
·安全元件模块234,用于确定无线功率接收器是否被授权从RF充电垫100接收以无线方式递送的功率;
·天线区域选择和调谐模块237,用于协调用各天线区域发射测试功率传输信号以确定应该使用哪个或哪些天线区域来以无线方式向各无线功率接收器递送功率的过程(如下文参考通过引用并入的PCT专利申请号PCT/US 17/65886的图9A至图9B更详细地解释的);
·授权接收器和物体检测模块238,用于检测来自无线功率接收器和其他物体的各种特征信号,并且然后基于对各种特征信号的检测来确定适当的动作(如下文将参考图9A至图9B更详细地描述的);以及
·特征信号解码模块,用于对检测到的特征信号进行解码并确定消息或数据内容。
以上所标识的元件(例如,存储在RF充电垫100的存储器206中的模块)中的每一个可选地存储在前面提到的存储器设备中的一个或多个中,并且对应于用于执行上述(多个)功能的指令集合。以上标识的模块或程序(例如,指令集合)不需要实施为独立的软件程序、过程、或模块,并且因此这些模块的各种子集可选地在各个实施例中组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施例中,存储器206可选地存储以上所标识的模块和数据结构的子集。
图2B是图示了根据一些实施例的代表性接收器设备104(有时也称为接收器、功率接收器、或无线功率接收器)的框图。在一些实施例中,接收器设备104包括一个或多个处理单元252(例如,CPU、ASIC、FPGA、微处理器等)、一个或多个通信部件254、存储器256、(多个)天线260、功率采集电路259、以及用于互连这些部件(有时称为芯片组)的一个或多个通信总线258。在一些实施例中,接收器设备104包括一个或多个传感器262,诸如以上参考图2A描述的一个或多个传感器212。在一些实施例中,接收器设备104包括用于储存经由功率采集电路259采集的能量的能量储存设备261。在各个实施例中,能量储存设备261包括一个或多个电池、一个或多个电容器、一个或多个电感器等。
在一些实施例中,功率采集电路259包括一个或多个整流电路和/或一个或多个功率转换器。在一些实施例中,功率采集电路259包括被配置为将能量从功率波和/或能量袋转换为电能(例如,电力)的一个或多个部件(例如,功率转换器)。在一些实施例中,功率采集电路259进一步被配置为向耦接的电子设备(诸如膝上型计算机或电话)供电。在一些实施例中,向耦接的电子设备供电包括将电能从AC形式转变为(例如,可由电子设备使用的)DC形式。
在一些实施例中,特征信号生成电路315包括参考图3A至图3D所讨论的一个或多个部件。
在一些实施例中,(多个)天线260包括下文进一步详细描述的曲折线天线中的一个或多个。在一些实施例中,(多个)天线260还可以或可替代地包括在结构上与可以在近场充电垫中存在的那些相对应的电容式充电耦合器。
在一些实施例中,接收器设备104包括一个或多个输出设备,诸如一个或多个指示灯、声卡、扬声器、以及用于显示文本信息和错误代码的小型显示器等。在一些实施例中,接收器设备104包括用于确定接收器设备103的位置的位置检测设备,诸如GPS(全球定位卫星)或其他地理位置接收器。
在各个实施例中,一个或多个传感器262包括一个或多个热辐射传感器、环境温度传感器、湿度传感器、IR传感器、占用传感器(例如,RFID传感器)、环境光传感器、运动检测器、加速度计、和/或陀螺仪。
(多个)通信部件254实现接收器104与一个或多个通信网络之间的通信。在一些实施例中,(多个)通信部件254能够使用各种定制或标准无线协议(例如,IEEE 802.15.4、Wi-Fi、ZigBee、6LoWPAN、Thread、Z-Wave、蓝牙智能、ISA100.11a、WirelessHART、MiWi等)、定制或标准有线协议(例如,以太网、HomePlug等)、和/或包括截至本文件提交日期尚未开发出的通信协议在内的任何其他适合的通信协议中的任何一种进行数据通信。
(多个)通信部件254包括例如能够使用各种定制或标准无线协议(例如,IEEE802.15.4、Wi-Fi、ZigBee、6LoWPAN、Thread、Z-Wave、蓝牙智能、ISA100.11a、WirelessHART、MiWi等)中的任何一种、和/或各种定制或标准有线协议(例如,以太网、HomePlug等)中的任何一种、或包括截至本文件提交日期尚未开发出的通信协议在内的任何其他适合的通信协议进行数据通信的硬件。
存储器256包括高速随机存取存储器,诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDR SRAM、或其他随机存取固态存储器设备;并且可选地,包括非易失性存储器,诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、一个或多个光盘存储设备、一个或多个闪速存储器设备、或者一个或多个其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器256、或可替代地存储器256内的非易失性存储器包括非暂态计算机可读存储介质。在一些实施例中,存储器256或存储器256的非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储以下程序、模块、和数据结构、或其子集或超集:
·操作逻辑266,包括用于处理各种基本系统服务和用于执行硬件相关任务的过程;
·通信模块268,用于结合(多个)通信部件254耦接至远程设备(例如,远程传感器、发射器、接收器、服务器、映射存储器等)和/或与远程设备通信;
·传感器模块270,用于获得和处理传感器数据(例如,结合(多个)传感器262),以例如确定接收器103、RF充电垫100、或接收器103附近物体的存在、速度、和/或定位;
·无线功率接收模块272,用于从以电容方式传送的电信号、功率波和/或能量袋接收(例如,结合(多个)天线260和/或功率采集电路259)能量;可选地,转换(例如,结合功率采集电路259)能量(例如,转换为直流);将能量传递至耦接的电子设备;以及可选地储存能量(例如,结合能量储存设备261);
·数据库274,包括但不限于:
o传感器信息276,用于存储和管理由一个或多个传感器(例如,传感器262和/或一个或多个远程传感器)接收、检测、和/或发射的数据;
o设备设置278,用于存储接收器103、耦接的电子设备、和/或一个或多个远程设备的操作设置;以及
o通信协议信息280,用于存储和管理一个或多个协议(例如,定制或标准无线协议,诸如ZigBee、Z-Wave等,和/或定制或标准有线协议,诸如以太网)的协议信息;以及
·安全元件模块282,用于向RF充电垫100提供标识信息(例如,RF充电垫100使用标识信息来确定无线功率接收器104是否被授权接收以无线方式递送的功率);以及
·特征信号生成模块283,用于(结合特征信号生成电路315)控制各种部件以引起(多个)天线260和/或功率采集电路259处的阻抗变化,于是引起如由特征信号接收电路240接收的反射的功率的变化。
以上所标识元件(例如,存储在接收器104的存储器256中的模块)中的每一个可选地存储在前面提到的存储器设备中的一个或多个中,并且对应于用于执行上述(多个)功能的指令集合。以上标识的模块或程序(例如,指令集合)不需要实施为独立的软件程序、过程、或模块,并且因此这些模块的各种子集可选地在各个实施例中组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施例中,存储器256可选地存储以上所标识模块和数据结构的子集。此外,存储器256可选地存储以上未描述的附加模块和数据结构,诸如用于标识所连接设备的设备类型的标识模块(例如,与接收器104耦接的电子设备的设备类型)。
在一些实施例中,本文公开的近场充电垫可以使用自适应加载技术来优化功率传递。这样的技术在共同拥有的PCT申请号PCT/US 17/65886中具体地参考图3A至图8和图12至图15进行了详细描述,该共同拥有的申请的公开内容在此明确地通过引用以其全文并入本文。
图3A是根据一些实施例的位于RF充电垫100处的示例无线功率传递区域300(例如,图1B的多个功率传递区域290A至290N之一)、以及示例无线功率接收器(RX)305(例如,图2B的接收器104的实例)的简化电路的框图。在一些实施例中,无线功率接收器305包括特征信号生成电路315,如参考图3B至图3D所讨论的。应当注意,功率传递区域300在下文中可以被称为或者在附图中被图示为发射器(TX)。
在一些实施例中,接收器设备305上的振荡器包括被配置为控制占空比和频率并调制整流器DC输出端口处的可变负载310的一个或多个元件。在一些实施例中,整流器电压被编码为频率,并且整流器负载电流被编码为占空比(反之亦然)。在一些实施例中,主机320(例如,CPU)控制振荡器频率和占空比,其中,每个频率/占空比对与要递送到位于RF充电垫100处的功率传递区域300的不同消息相对应。在一些实施例中,接收器305包括具有到主机320和整流器306的接口的功率链路监测芯片,并且所述功率链路监测芯片还可以控制振荡器的频率/占空比。在一些实施例中,对频率和占空比的变化进行分析以识别在RF充电垫100上(例如,在RF充电垫100与RF充电垫100之上的接收器设备305之间)是否存在任何异物。
在一些实施例中,DC负载调制改变了在功率传递区域300与接收器305之间的天线接口303处的阻抗。在一些实施例中,阻抗变化导致位于功率传递区域300上的接收器块240处的反射的功率(例如,图3B-1的反射的功率340)的变化,并且这种接收器块240解码所述变化以识别反射信号,包括与频率和占空比(例如,图3E中所示的频率和占空比)有关的信息。在一些实施例中,整流器的负载状况在功率传递区域300处是已知的。在一些实施例中,确定发射侧是否已知接收器主机消息以识别授权的接收器。在一些实施例中,基于(1)整流器DC输出上的可配置(电压)阈值和/或(2)固件控制来启用/禁用振荡器/调制器。
图3B-1和图3B-2示出了框图,这些框图图示了根据一些实施例的包括整流器306的电路,所述整流器耦合到接收器设备(例如,图3A的接收器设备305)的可变负载310。在一些实施例中,整流器306将在RF入(RFin)端口处接收的RF功率转换为Vrect端口处的DC功率。在一些实施例中,所接收到的功率量取决于由接收器305的天线313(例如,图2B的(多个)天线260)输入的功率量以及接收器305的天线313与整流器306之间的阻抗匹配。在一些实施例中,当天线313和整流器306的阻抗匹配时,基本上来自天线313的所有功率都进入整流器306并且基本上没有功率被反射(图3B-1和图3B-2中的线341所示)。当天线313和整流器306的阻抗不匹配时,则来自天线313的一些功率被从整流器306反射出,并且反射的功率信号310被传输回天线313(图3B-1和图3B-2中的线340所示)。
在一些实施例中,反射的功率340是系统效率低下的根源,因为它减少了可以从可用的RF功率量中获得的总DC功率量。在一些实施例中,如果没有打算在接收器设备305处接收到功率,则反射全部或相当大一部分的RF输入功率可能是有用的。例如,如果主机320的电池已满,则接收到的功率必须作为热量散发到接收器305中的某个位置。因此,在一些实施例中,将该功率反射回天线313可能在热方面更为有效。
在一些实施例中,可以出于数据通信的目的而对反射的功率信号340进行调制,如称为“负载调制”,并且在一些实施例中,这可以通过将可变负载310放置在整流器RF入端口处(图3B-1)来实现。在一些实施例中,在负载调制系统中,反射的功率的量由位于RF输入处的可变负载310控制(图3B-1)。这种类型的控制有以下缺点:即使在关闭时,可变负载310也会在RF频率处引入损耗,并且因此会降低RF到DC的转换效率。在一些实施例中,需要非常高的Q带通滤波器来对调制频谱进行滤波以符合法规要求。
控制反射的功率340的量还可以用于将数据传送到(例如,包括在RF充电垫的相应的功率传递区域中的)特征信号接收电路240。在一些实施例中,特征信号接收电路240是用于NF充电垫100的通用电路(即,NF充电垫100包括为每个功率传递区域290服务的唯一特征信号接收电路240)。可替代地,在一些实施例中,每个功率传递区域(例如,区域300)包括其自己的特征信号接收电路240(如图3A所示)。
根据本文公开的实施例,发明人已经确定将可变负载310定位在整流器306的Vrect端口(DC侧)(图3B-2)是有利的,如下文更详细地讨论的。在一些实施例中,可以将可变负载310移动到整流器306的DC侧(图3B-2)。整流器306因此既用作下转换器(将RF功率转换为DC功率)又用作上转换器(将Vrect处的负载调制转换为RF入处的RF频率)。在一些实施例中,使可变负载310位于整流器306的DC侧解决了上述当将可变负载310放置在RF入端口处时会出现的缺点。
图3C是图示了根据一些实施例的在无线功率接收器305内包括反射开关311(图3A所示)的电路的框图。在一些实施例中,可变负载310用于将少量功率反射回接收天线313,而反射开关311用于反射全部或相当大一部分的接收功率。反射开关311可以位于RF入端口处,然而这将呈现与参考图3B-1所讨论的相同的缺点,所述图示出了耦接到RF入端口的可变负载310的示例。在一些实施例中,通过将反射开关311放置在整流器306的DC端口(例如,Vrect端口)处,大大减轻了这些缺点。在一些实施例中,当反射开关311断开时,反射开关311什么也不做。当反射开关311接通时,其在整流器306的DC侧呈现非常低的阻抗(例如,短路)的负载。类似地,在整流器306的RF入端口观察到低阻抗负载,这在天线313与整流器306之间呈现出相当大的阻抗失配。因此,当反射开关311接通时,来自天线313的相当大比例的输入功率被反射回天线313,并且不被整流器306转换为DC功率。
图3D是图示了根据一些实施例的无线功率接收器305的特征信号生成电路315的示例的框图。在一些实施例中,特征信号生成电路315包括PFM/PWM(脉冲频率调制/脉冲宽度调制)生成器309,用于控制可变负载310以生成有效接收器的“特征”(在本文中也称为特征信号)。在一些实施例中,特征信号生成电路315进一步包括窗口比较器307(或与窗口比较器通信)以在Vrect处没有足以接通所有电路的功率可用时禁用控制方案。在一些实施例中,特征信号生成电路315进一步包括电流传感器308,所述电流传感器将整流器负载电流转换为由PFM/PWM生成器309接收的电压。在一些实施例中,PFM/PWM生成器309还直接感测Vrect。在一些实施例中,反射开关311也是特征信号生成电路315的一部分。
在一些实施例中,窗口比较器307、电流传感器308和PFM/PWM生成器309以及任何其他辅助电路可以由从功率传递区域300发射、由整流器306整流并从Vrect端口供应的功率信号供电,使得系统独立于主机电池。因此,即使当接收器设备305的主机电池完全空电时,接收器设备305中的特征信号生成电路315仍然可以由从功率传递区域300接收的功率信号供电以生成具有特征的信号。这种具有特征的信号被进一步反射回功率传递区域300以进行采样并分析在功率传递区域300与接收器305之间是否放置了任何异物,和/或接收器305是否被授权从功率传递区域300(或一般而言从充电垫100)接收功率。
在一些实施例中,PWM/PFM生成器309将电流感测输入和电压感测输入转换为脉冲串,其中脉冲频率取决于感测到的电流并且脉冲宽度取决于感测到的电压(反之亦然)。在一些实施例中,将脉冲串施加到可变负载310,所述可变负载因此表示端口Vrect处的脉冲变化的负载,并且如先前所解释的,该脉冲变化的负载被整流器306上变频为RF。最终,脉冲变化的负载将由功率传递区域300感测以进行采样和分析。
图3E图示了根据一些实施例的示出包括特征信号接收电路240的示例功率传递区域300的框图。在一些实施例中,耦接网络阻抗由反射的功率耦合器242感测。在一些实施例中,反射的功率耦合器242用于测量从接收器305反射回功率传递区域300的天线302(例如,图1B的天线210)的阻抗。在一些实施例中,由于由异物的干扰或与授权接收器的信号交换引起的功率传递区域300与接收器305之间的失配,一些功率信号被接收器305反射。在功率传递区域300的天线302处接收这种反射的功率信号340的一部分,并且通过在功率传递区域300处的反射的功率耦合器242来测量阻抗。在比较接收到的反射的功率340和原始发射功率之后,功率传递区域300可以确定功率传递区域300与接收器305之间的失配程度。例如,如果可以通过反射的功率耦合器242感测到在功率传递区域300处接收的反射的功率340的1/10,并且在反射的功率耦合器242处接收到原始发射的功率的1/10,则可以确定接收器305没有从功率传递区域300获取任何功率信号。
在一些实施例中,特征信号接收电路240对从接收器305接收的反射的功率信号340进行处理和分析。例如,使用调幅器(AM)检测器350对接收到的反射信号340进行放大、滤波和解调。在一些实施例中,实施自动增益控制(AGC)。在一些实施例中,在解调之后,例如通过数据分析块356将经数字采样的信号与天线指纹匹配。在一些实施例中,感测整流器的负载状况。在一些实施例中,从接收到的反射信号中解码出消息ID,如图4进一步所示(并且在下文进一步讨论)。
图3F至图3H示出了各个框图,图示了根据一些实施例的功率传递区域300和无线接收器305的各种示例电路。在一些实施例中,RF入处的脉冲变化的负载对从无线功率接收器305的天线313传播出去的反射的功率340的量进行调制。在一些实施例中,一些这种反射的功率进入发射天线302(也称为“功率传递元件”),而其中一些发射天线进而耦接到功率发射器单元上的负载调制接收器的接收端口。如下文所讨论的,使用具有可变增益级和AGC的AM接收器拓扑接收反射的功率,以实现最佳SNR调整。在一些实施例中,如果将异物360放置在接收器305上,则还存在来自异物360的表面的反射的功率,这也被AM接收器350感测到。
在一些实施例中,分析接收到的数据流以提取接收器特征波形(其“特征信号”)。在一些实施例中,如果物体是有效接收器305,则特征信号是先前描述的PWM/PFM脉冲串。在正确解码脉冲串后(或缺少脉冲串),功率传递区域300可以从以下选项中确定系统状态:1)顶部上不存在物体;2)顶部上存在一个或多个异物;3)仅存在有效接收器;4)接收器与RF充电垫表面之间存在异物。
在一些实施例中,在检测到无线功率接收器305时,功率传递区域300可以施加几个功率电平并且测量PWM/PFM脉冲串的变化以认证授权的接收器。
在一些实施例中,可以使用(多个)“控制”引脚(其可以修改负载调制)将其他消息从接收器305传递到功率传递区域300。在一些实施例中,可以对由功率传递区域300接收到的消息进行采样和分析,以获得关于接收器状况的通知,如电池状态(例如,满电/空电/其他)、温度、整流器电压/电流、以及诸如意图接通反射开关311等未来预期动作。
在一些实施例中,功率信号的传输与其他无线协议共存。例如,如果主机320旨在发送或接收无线(蓝牙、WiFi、LTE等)流量,但是由于功率传递区域300开启并且正在干扰蓝牙系统而不能发送或接收无线流量,则主机320可能希望停止功率传输一段时间以清除无线流量,并且然后继续进行功率传输。在2017年10月30日提交的共同拥有的美国临时专利申请62/579,049中描述了用于管理功率和数据信号的共存的技术,所述美国临时专利申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
在一些实施例中,主机320(如图3H所示)可以使用“控制”输入来获得对负载调制的控制。在一些实施例中,主机320可以强加某些PWM/PFM组合,这些组合然后由功率传递区域300解释为预定义的消息。下文参考图4讨论这种预定义消息的示例。
在一些实施例中,主机320控制反射开关311。当反射开关311接通时,Vrect被拉低到低于窗口比较器的阈值,并且PWM/PFM 309停止。在这种情况下,功率传递区域300检测到不存在有效的接收器特征。这种场景下的动作可按照应用来编程。在一些实施例中,经由主机320并且还经由窗口比较器307来控制到主机功率输入的开关312(即,接收器侧开关),使得主机320在系统启动期间不能使整流器306过载。
图4列出了根据一些实施例的使用呈PFM/PWM对的特征信号编码的示例消息。在一些实施例中,频率/占空比对(也为PFM/PWM对)可以在接收器侧被选择并且在发射器侧被解释为传递特定消息。图4列出了42个频率/占空比对的示例图,每一对具有用于控制功率传递链路从而实施共存和异物检测(FOD)的不同含义。在一些实施例中,A0至A6中所示的PFM/PAM对被解码为从接收器305到功率传递区域300的用于将功率减少各种量的请求。在一些实施例中,B0至B6中所示的PFM/PAM对被解码为从接收器305到功率传递区域300的用于将功率增加各种量的请求。在一些实施例中,C0至C6中所示的PFM/PAM对被解码为从接收器305到功率传递区域300的用于在各种时间长度内停止发射然后重启或永远停止的请求。
图5A图示了简化图,示出了根据一些实施例的在功率传递区域300中使用的高度耦接的近场电容耦合器244(例如,图2A)(例如,耦合器244可以是以上参考图3A至图3H讨论的天线302)。在一些实施例中,高度耦接的近场电容耦合器244耦接到功率放大器108和特征信号接收电路240(图3A)。在一些实施例中,高度耦接的近场电容耦合器244在ISM频带之一下操作。在一些实施例中,在当前系统中不发生电磁(EM)传播。而是,经由功率传递区域300与接收器305之间的电容耦接元件来发射和接收无线功率。在一些实施例中,当将两个耦接元件(一个在发射器侧并且一个在接收器侧)在两个耦接元件之间放置成期望的叠层的最佳位置中放置成彼此相对时,发生电容耦接。
在一些实施例中,对中心耦合器502和寄生元件504的形状、大小和数量没有限制。在一些实施例中,寄生元件504可以与中心耦接元件502处于同一水平,或者可以相比中心耦接元件502处于更高或更低的水平。在一些实施例中,寄生元件504围绕中心耦接元件502放置以扩展电容耦合器244的平面区域内的X-Y覆盖。在一些实施例中,系统形成为双导体电容器。在一些实施例中,当接收器305和功率传递区域300的耦接元件未对准时,寄生元件504有效地形成了多导体电容系统,以最大化从功率传递区域300到接收器305的功率传递。在一些实施例中,为了测量到功率放大器108的反射RF功率,存在耦合器电路242(以芯片或印刷线的形式,如图3A所示)来采样反射RF功率信号340。在一些实施例中,电容式充电耦合器244包括反射平面。
在一些实施例中,当将接收器天线313放置在发射天线302(例如,容量充电耦合器244之一)之上时,系统显示出大于预定阈值(例如,最小可接受值,如70%)的耦接效率。在一些实施例中,当发射天线302和接收器天线313完全独立时,系统失配。一旦将这些天线放置在彼此之上,这两个天线就会匹配。在一些实施例中,仅当将设计的接收器放置在发射天线302之上时,耦接系统才工作。在异物360被放置在功率传递区域300之上的情况下,发射天线313不匹配。由异物360引起的这种失配可以用于检测放置在功率传递区域300与接收器305之间的异物360。
在一些实施例中,当接收器天线313和发射天线302完全对准/居中时,接收器305与功率传递区域300之间的耦接达到峰值(例如90%)。在一些实施例中,随着接收器天线313在发射天线302上方移动,耦接性能下降,但是耦接性能保持在可接受的范围内(例如,停留在70%至90%以内)。在一些实施例中,当接收器天线313移动到最小耦接范围(例如70%)之外时,第二/相邻发射天线302被激活以进行平滑过渡。
在一些实施例中,发射器天线和接收器天线两者都失配,并且当正确的放置发生时,发射天线302和接收器天线313两者都匹配,并且可以获得从发射天线302到接收器天线313的最大功率。在一些实施例中,高度耦接的近场天线对仅在彼此都存在时才工作。因此,在存在其他类型的接收器天线和/或任何其他异物的情况下,发射天线302保持失配。
图5B示出了根据一些实施例的当将接收器305放置在包括耦合器244之一的功率传递区域300的不同区上时对应于各个实施例的多个效率图。在一些实施例中,可以将高度耦接的天线对视为状态机。在如图5B所示的一些实施例中,当接收器305在对应区域之上移位时,功率传递区域300包括具有相应的充电效率的多个区域。当将接收器305放置在功率传递区域300的白色区域(效率>90%)之上(A-左上图)时,接收器305和功率传递区域300两者的匹配优于-15dB。当将接收器305放置在功率传递区域300的点状区域(80%<效率<90%)之上(B-左下图)时,接收器305和功率传递区域300两者的匹配处于-10dB至-15dB的范围内。当将接收器305放置在功率传递区域300的交叉阴影区域(70%<效率<80%)之上(C-右上图)时,接收器305和功率传递区域300两者的匹配处于-5dB至-10dB的范围内。当将接收器305放置在功率传递区域300的深色区域(效率<70%)之上(D-右下图)时,接收器305和功率传递区域300两者的匹配差于-5dB。
图6A是示出了根据一些实施例的通过周期性地发送信标信号(在本文中也称为“测试功率传输信号”)来检测接收器305的过程的流程图600。在一些实施例中,每个功率传递区域启动(602)定时器以便周期性地发送信标信号。在一些实施例中,当定时器到期时(604),NF充电垫(在本文中也称为RF充电垫)100的每个功率传递区域发送信标信号(606)。接收器305的特征信号生成电路315(例如,如图3A和图3E中所讨论的)可以基于信标信号来生成特征信号。此后,每个功率传递区域接收(608)接收器305生成的特征信号,并收集模数转换器354(ADC)样本。禁用(610)发射器的信标信号,分析(612)来自ADC 354的样本,并评估(614)区域状态(例如,如参考图5B所讨论的)。在确定了区域状态并且评估了每个相应的区域与接收器305之间的匹配之后,重新启动定时器(616)以开始下一个发送信标信号的时段。在一些实施例中,启动步骤(602)包括如参考图6B所讨论的(以及下文参考图9A更详细地描述的)可选的训练过程。
图6B是示出了根据一些实施例的由功率传递区域300执行的可选训练过程的流程图650。在一些实施例中,可选训练是用于使用基于特征信号的检测来辅助异物检测(FOD)的实施例。在一些实施例中,这可以利用已知的多组接收器和FOD设备一次完成。在一些实施例中,收集足够的ADC样本(652)以能够对FOD进行分类,并且所得到的参数提供了对物体检测状态进行分类的能力,包括(1)不存在物体(654),(2)存在一个或多个异物(654),(3)仅存在接收器(658),以及(4)在接收器305与功率传递区域300之间存在异物(660)。所述过程进一步包括分析(662)ADC样本以得到FOD参数,以及将FOD存储(664)在存储器中(例如,在非易失性存储器中)。下文参考图9A描述关于示例训练/学习过程的更多细节。
图7是示出了根据一些实施例的由功率传递区域300执行的收集、存储和分析ADC样本的过程的流程图700。在一些实施例中,收集ADC样本在步骤702处开始,并且采样可以作为固件中的预配置紧密循环而继续。在一些实施例中,固件运行经优化的循环以收集ADC数据并将其存储在缓冲器中,这包括启用(704)ADC模块、初始化(706)缓冲器、读取(708)ADC的数据,将所收集的数据(例如,ADC样本)存储(710)在缓冲器中。接下来,确定是否收集了所有ADC样本(712)。如果收集了所有ADC样本(712-是),则对样本进行分析(714)。然而,如果尚未收集所有样本(712-否),则过程700循环回到读取ADC(步骤708)。这可能会受到时间变化的影响并导致不准确。通过多次收集样本并取平均值以消除噪声,可以将这些变化降至最低。
在一些实施例中,操作702是硬件(HW)辅助的。例如,在操作702处,使用硬件在预定义缓冲器中以固定间隔对ADC值进行采样。一旦收集了所有样本,就将通知固件,图7中所示的后续操作可以继续。这保证了用于采样的紧密时间,并提供更准确的结果。而且,不会因收集样本的死循环而阻止固件。
图8A是示出了根据一些实施例的由功率传递区域300执行的分析ADC样本的过程的流程图800。在一些实施例中,在收集ADC样本之后(714),确定所收集的ADC样本的基线。在一个示例中,确定所收集的ADC样本的平均值(802)。然后,将每个ADC样本与所确定的基线(例如,所收集的ADC样本的平均值)进行比较(804)。当ADC样本大于所计算的平均值时(804-是),高计数递增(806)。当ADC样本低于所计算的平均值时(804-否),低计数递增(808)。然后,通过以下方式计算占空比(810):高计数/(高计数+低计数),并且使用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)的边缘之间的时间来计算频率(812)。所计算的占空比和频率被用于如参考图8B所讨论的评估区域状态(814)。
图8B是示出了根据一些实施例的评估区域状态(814)以确定是否存在异物和/或接收器的过程的流程图820。在一些实施例中,将所计算的频率和占空比与工厂校准的数据进行比较(822)。然后确定是否仅存在接收器(824)。根据确定仅存在接收器(824-是),报告存在接收器(832),并且启用通过天线区域(例如,通过功率传递区域300)对接收器的充电(834)。在一些实施例中,系统等待(836)接收器通过蓝牙进行连接。当接收器通过蓝牙连接时(836-是),从发射器功率控制获取无线功率信号(838)。当接收器未通过蓝牙连接时(836-否),对接收器的充电被禁用(840)。
在一些实施例中,当确定存在接收器时,还确定异物是否与接收器一起存在。在一些实施例中,当识别到接收器305和异物360时(826),允许在存在异物的情况下对接收器进行充电(831);并且然后可以启用充电过程。在一些实施例中,当仅检测到异物时(828),报告存在异物(829)。在一些实施例中,当没有检测到异物时,确定不存在物体(830),例如,既没有接收器也没有异物。
图9A至图9B是示出了根据一些实施例的操作近场充电垫的方法900的流程图。方法900的操作由近场充电垫(例如,图1B和图2A的RF充电垫100)或由其一个或多个部件(例如,以上参考图1A至图1B和图2A描述的那些)执行。在一些实施例中,方法900对应于存储在计算机存储器或计算机可读存储介质(例如,图2A中的RF充电垫100的存储器206)中的指令。
近场充电垫包括一个或多个处理器(例如,图1B的CPU 202)、无线通信部件(例如,图1A和图2A的(多个)通信部件204)和多个功率传递区域(例如,图1B的天线区域290-1和290-N;图3A的功率传递区域300),每个功率传递区域分别包括至少一个功率传递元件(例如,图2A的天线210之一,其可以是在上文通过引用并入的共同拥有的PCT申请PCT号PCT/US17/65886中参考图3A至图6E所描述的天线120之一,天线210还可以是上文参考图5A描述的电容耦合器244中的一个或多个)和特征信号接收电路(例如,上文参考图2A、图3A和图3E至图3H所描述的电路240,并且特征信号接收电路还可以包括反射的功率耦合器242)(902)。
在一些实施例中,近场充电垫包括不同的功率传递元件,每个功率传递元件都包括在相应的功率传递区域中。例如,如图1B所示,天线区域290-1包括天线210-A。在另一示例中,同样如图1B所示,天线区域290-N包括多个天线。天线区域也可以称为天线组,使得近场充电垫包括多个天线/功率传递区域或组,并且每个相应的区域/组包括不同的天线元件中的至少一个(例如,至少一个天线210)。应当注意,天线/功率传递区域可以包括任何数量的天线,并且可以修改或调整与特定天线/功率传递区域相关联的天线的数量(例如,负责管理近场充电垫100的操作的RF功率发射器集成电路160的CPU子系统170在不同的时间点动态地限定每个天线/功率传递区域)。在一些实施例中,每个天线/功率传递区域包括相同数量的天线/功率传递元件。
在一些实施例中,一个或多个处理器是用于控制近场充电垫的操作的单个集成电路(例如,图1B的RF功率发射器集成电路160)的部件。在一些实施例中,近场充电垫的一个或多个处理器和/或无线通信部件在近场充电垫的外部,诸如近场充电垫嵌入其中的设备的一个或多个处理器。在一些实施例中,无线通信部件是无线电收发器(例如,用于与无线功率接收器交换通信信号的蓝牙无线电设备、WI-FI无线电设备等)。
在一些实施例中并且参考图9A,方法900包括可选地学习(904)不同的无线功率接收器(例如,图3A的接收器305)和其他物体(例如,图3G的异物360)的特征信号,并将这些已学习的特征信号存储在数据源中(该数据源可以是近场充电垫的本地存储器,或者可以托管在近场充电垫的外部)。
在一些实施例中,近场充电垫的一个或多个处理器与每个已学习的特征信号所存储在的数据源通信。数据源可以托管在近场充电垫内部或外部。在一些实施例中,在配置过程期间用一个或多个预定义特征信号来填充数据源,在所述配置过程中,将多个不同的无线功率接收器中的每个无线功率接收器放置在近场充电垫上,以允许所述近场充电垫进行检测并且然后存储(在数据源中)多个不同的无线功率接收器中的每个无线功率接收器的相应的预定义特征信号。在一些实施例中,在针对不同的无线功率接收器的相应的无线功率接收器学习了相应的特征信号之后,用户可以提供关于相应的无线功率接收器是否是授权的无线功率接收器的指示。以这种方式,近场充电垫能够学习授权的无线功率接收器和未授权的无线功率接收器的特征信号。
在一些实施例中,配置过程还包括将不是无线功率接收器的多个不同的物体(例如,钥匙、硬币、各种类型的液体、信用卡、咖啡杯或用户可能放置在近场充电垫上的任何其他类型的家庭用品)放置在近场充电垫上,以允许近场充电垫检测并且然后存储(在数据源中)多个不同的物体中的每个物体的相应的预定义特征信号。
在一些实施例中,在该配置过程期间,还将每个不同的物体的标识符与每个相应的存储的特征信号一起存储,从而允许近场充电垫基于将特征信号与所存储的信号之一进行匹配来识别不同类型的物体。
在一些实施例中,在配置过程期间,还学习不同的无线功率接收器和多个不同的物体的组合的特征信号(例如,不同的物体中的每个物体可以放置在不同的无线功率接收器中的每个无线功率接收器之下或之上),并且这些特征信号也存储在数据源中。
可以实施近场充电垫的某些实施方式,以使得对不同的物体之一的检测导致近场充电垫停止任何功率传输。以这种方式,可以避免对任何不同的物体的潜在损坏。
方法900还包括通过包括在多个功率传递区域中的第一功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件发送(906)具有第一组传输特性的第一值的多个测试功率传输信号(也称为信标功率传输信号)。在一些实施例中,第一组传输特性的第一值包括多个测试功率传输信号中的每一个的小于某个功率阈值(例如,30dB)的功率电平。
在一些实施例中,基于预定义的时间间隔执行发送操作906,使得在每个预定义的时间间隔处,由第一功率传递区域发送测试功率传输信号。在一些实施例中,预定义的时间间隔是1秒、2秒或5秒,或它们之间的某个值。在一些实施例中,近场充电垫包括数据通信无线电设备(例如,无线通信部件254,诸如蓝牙无线电设备),并且多个测试功率传输信号的发送是在不经由数据通信无线电设备接收任何信号的情况下执行的。
换言之,通过允许方法900在无需经由数据通信无线电设备接收任何信号的情况下开始,方法900用于即使接收器的电源没电(例如,其电池已完全耗尽)的情况下也能检测在近场充电垫上存在授权接收器。另外,方法900还用于检测所述垫上的根本不具有任何数据通信无线电设备的授权接收器。
与发送多个测试功率传输信号中的每个测试功率传输信号相结合,所述方法还包括使用特征信号接收电路检测(908)在第一功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率(例如,图3F的反射信号340)的量。相应的反射的功率量可以包括来自每个测试功率传输信号的被反射回第一功率传递区域的功率的量。如下文更详细地讨论的,这些相应的反射的功率量可以用于允许近场充电垫确定授权的无线功率接收器是否位于近场充电垫上。
至少部分地基于相应的反射的功率量,方法900然后包括确定在近场充电垫的与第一功率传递区域相邻的表面(例如,所述垫的在第一天线区域正上方的表面)上是否存在(i)授权的无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除无线功率接收器之外的物体。在一些实施例中,该确定至少部分地基于相应的反射的功率量,因为近场充电垫基于相应的反射的功率量来生成(910)特征信号(例如,图3F至图3H、图6A至图6B、图7和图8A至图8B中示出了基于反射的功率量生成特征信号的示例方式),并且然后将生成的特征信号与存储在数据源中的已学习的特征信号进行比较(912)。
在一些实施例中,通过使用对无线功率接收器处的(多个)阻抗值的操纵对一个或多个特征信号进行编码来将特征信号传送至第一功率传递区域的特征信号接收电路,对(多个)阻抗值的操纵导致反射的功率量在不同的时间点会有所不同。
在一些实施例中,对阻抗值的操纵使特征信号接收电路检测到反射的功率的测量值的变化,并且这些变化可以被解码以产生一个或多个特征信号。在一些实施例中,一个或多个特征信号包括频率值和占空比值的组合。参考图3F至图3H、图4和图8A至图8B描述了关于这一点如何工作的示例。在一些实施例中,除了传送关于无线功率接收器是否被授权从所述垫接收功率的信息之外,一个或多个特征信号还可以用于向所述垫传送附加数据或消息。图3F至图3H、图4和图8A至图8B中示出了关于可以如何使用特征信号对数据进行编码的示例。
现在转到图9B,方法900包括确定(914)特征信号是否指示在第一功率传递区域的表面上存在授权接收器和/或(不是无线功率接收器的)任何其他物体。
根据确定特征信号指示在第一功率传递区域的表面上同时存在接收器和(不是无线功率接收器的)某个其他物体,方法900然后包括确定(920)近场充电垫是否被配置为在所述垫上存在(不是无线功率接收器的)物体的同时发送无线功率。
如果确定所述垫被配置为在所述垫上存在(不是无线功率接收器的)物体的同时发送无线功率(920-是),则方法900包括经由功率传递元件向授权的无线功率接收器发送(916)具有第一组传输特性的第二值的附加的功率传输信号。
如果确定所述垫未被配置为在所述垫上存在(不是无线功率接收器的)物体的同时发送无线功率(920-否),则方法900包括等待定时器到期(922),例如,等待经过一秒或两秒的时段,并且然后返回到图9A的操作906。
下文提供了检测第一功率传递区域的表面上的无线功率接收器和某个其他物体的附加示例。在该示例中,基于特征信号与存储在数据源中的一个或多个预定义特征信号的比较(912),确定(914-接收器+物体)在第一功率传递区域的表面上同时存在无线功率接收器和某个其他物体。在该示例中,方法900然后确定近场充电垫被配置为在近场充电垫上存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体的时候发送功率传输信号;以及在确定近场充电垫被配置为在近场充电垫上存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体的时候发送功率传输信号之后,然后使用第一功率传递区域的功率传递元件来发送附加的功率传输信号。
在一些实施例中,当确定在所述垫上存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体时,使用第一组传输特性的不同的第三值来发送附加的功率传输信号。例如,可以(相对于第一组传输特性的第二值的功率电平)降低附加的功率传输信号的功率电平,以避免对除无线功率接收器之外的物体造成任何潜在损害(例如,避免损坏或破坏存在于信用卡上的磁条)。
返回参考图9B,当在操作914处确定在第一功率传递区域的表面上仅存在授权的接收器时(914-仅接收器),则该方法继续经由功率传递元件向授权的无线功率接收器发送具有第一组传输特性的第二值的附加的功率传输信号。下文还提供了仅检测到接收器的一个具体示例。在该示例中,并且如参考操作910和912所讨论的,在第一功率传递区域处检测到的反射的功率量可以用于然后使用特征信号接收电路来确定至少部分地基于第一功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量的特征信号。在图8A至图8B中示出了用于收集反射的功率的测量值并收集一个或多个特征信号的示例过程。
在该示例中,方法900还包括基于特征信号与一个或多个预定义特征信号的比较,确定在近场充电垫的与第一天线区域相邻的表面上仅存在授权的无线功率接收器。在一些实施例中,授权的无线功率接收器包括特征信号生成电路(例如,图3A的电路315),所述特征信号生成电路使用从多个测试功率传输信号中采集的功率来生成一个或多个特征信号(如在参考图3A至图3D和图3F至图3H更详细地描述的)。在该示例中,根据确定所述表面上仅存在授权的无线功率接收器,方法900进一步包括通过包括在第一天线区域中的相应的功率传递元件来发射具有第一组传输特性的第二值的附加的功率传输信号。
在一些实施例中,第一功率传递区域处的特征信号接收电路(例如,图3A的电路240)被配置为检测在第一天线区域处的反射的功率的测量值,并且这些测量值可以基于在与第一天线区域相邻的表面(例如,所述垫的在第一天线区域正上方的表面)上是否存在物体而改变。另外,所述特征信号生成电路可以被配置为在无线功率接收时引起阻抗变化,这允许特征信号生成电路生成不同的特征信号,并由此导致在第一天线区域的特征信号接收电路处接收到不同的特征信号。如上文(例如,参考图3F至图3H、图5和图8A至图8B)所讨论的,这允许创建这样一种方案,其中可以基于不同的特征信号来检测授权的无线功率接收器,并且可以忽略未授权的无线功率接收器,以避免允许未授权的设备从系统中汲取功率。
还参考图9B,当确定在第一功率传递区域的表面上仅存在(不是无线功率接收器的)物体时,则方法900包括等待定时器到期(918)(例如,等待经过一秒或两秒的时段),并且然后返回到图9A的操作906。
返回参考图9A,并且为了允许检测所述垫上的多个无线功率接收器和/或检测位于所述垫的不同功率传递区域上的物体和接收器,方法900还可以包括针对多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域重复(906A)操作906至912。
例如,与多个测试功率传输信号的发送(906)相结合(在相同的时间或在不同的、非重叠的时间段期间),方法900还可以包括:通过包括在多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件来发送相应的多个测试功率传输信号;使用包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个相应的功率传递区域中的相应的特征信号接收电路来检测在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量;以及针对所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域,确定在与所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域相邻的相应的表面处是否存在(a)无线功率接收器或(ii)除了无线功率接收器之外的物体。
继续该示例,基于在多个功率传递区域中的第二功率传递区域处检测到的相应的反射的功率量,方法900可以包括:确定在第二功率传递区域处存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体;以及根据确定在所述第二功率传递区域处存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体,确定所述近场充电垫是否被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在一个或多个物体的时候发射无线功率。在其中在与检测到授权的无线功率接收器的区域不同的功率传递区域中检测到除无线功率接收器之外的物体的实施例中,仅在确定近场充电垫被配置为在近场充电垫上存在一个或多个物体的时候发送无线功率之后才执行附加的功率传输信号的发送。
在一些实施例中,近场充电垫被配置有参数,所述参数指示当所述垫上存在异物(例如,除无线功率接收器之外的物体)时是否允许其发送功率。例如,所述垫的所有者或操作者可以在所述垫的设置过程期间设置该参数。在一些实施例中,还可以以更大精确度的方式执行分类,例如以确定不是无线功率接收器的物体的类型(例如,金属物体、非金属物体、信用卡、溢出的液体等)。
在一些实施例中,上文讨论的功率传输信号是射频(RF)功率传输信号(例如,测试功率传输信号和附加的功率传输信号是RF功率传输信号)。
所有这些示例都是非限制性的,并且使用上述示例结构可以实现任何数量的组合和多层结构。
在本文中本发明的说明书中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的,并且不旨在对本发明做出限制。如本发明的说明书和所附权利要求中使用的,单数形式“一个(a)”、“一个(an)”和“该(the)”旨在也包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指示。还将理解的是,本文所使用的术语“和/或”是指并涵盖相关联列举项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和所有可能组合。将进一步理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”时,其指定陈述的特征、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,但不排除一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或它们的组的存在或添加。
还将理解的是,尽管在本文中可以使用术语“第一(first)”、“第二(second)”等来描述各种元件,但这些元件不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语仅仅是用来将一个元件与另一个元件进行区分。例如,第一区可以被称为第二区,并且类似地,第二区可以被称为第一区,而不会改变描述的含义,只要所有出现的“第一区”被一致地重命名并且所有出现的“第二区”被一致地重命名。第一区和第二区都是区,但它们不是同一个区。
出于解释的目的,已经参考特定实施例描述了前述描述。然而,以上说明性的讨论并非旨在是穷举的或将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式。鉴于以上教导,许多修改和变化是可能的。选择并描述这些实施例以便最好地解释本发明的原理及其实际应用,由此使得本领域其他技术人员能够最好地利用本发明以及具有适合于预期的特定用途的各种修改的各个实施例。

Claims (22)

1.一种操作近场充电垫的方法,所述方法包括:
在包括一个或多个处理器和多个功率传递区域的近场充电垫处执行以下操作,每个功率传递区域分别包括至少一个功率传递元件和特征信号接收电路:
通过包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的第一功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件发送具有第一组传输特性的第一值的多个测试功率传输信号;
与发送所述多个测试功率传输信号中的每个测试功率传输信号相结合,使用所述特征信号接收电路检测在所述第一功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量;以及
至少部分地基于所述相应的反射的功率量,确定在所述近场充电垫的与所述第一功率传递区域相邻的表面上是否存在(i)授权的无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除无线功率接收器之外的物体。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中:
检测在所述第一功率传递区域处的所述相应的反射的功率量包括:使用所述特征信号接收电路确定至少部分地基于所述第一功率传递区域处的所述相应的反射的功率量的一个或多个特征信号,并且
所述方法进一步包括:
基于所述一个或多个特征信号与一个或多个预定义特征信号的比较,确定在所述近场充电垫的与第一天线区域相邻的表面上存在授权的无线功率接收器,其中,所述授权的无线功率接收器包括特征信号生成电路,所述特征信号生成电路使用从所述多个测试功率传输信号中采集的功率来生成所述一个或多个特征信号;以及
根据确定所述表面上存在所述授权的无线功率接收器:通过包括在所述第一天线区域中的所述相应的功率传递元件来发射具有所述第一组传输特性的第二值的附加的功率传输信号。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中:
确定所述表面上存在所述授权的无线功率接收器还包括:基于所述一个或多个特征信号与所述一个或多个预定义特征信号的比较,确定在所述授权的无线功率接收器与所述表面之间存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体,并且
所述方法进一步包括:
确定所述近场充电垫被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体的时候发送功率传输信号;以及
在确定所述近场充电垫被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体的时候发送功率传输信号之后,发送所述附加的功率传输信号。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,通过使用对所述无线功率接收器的阻抗值的操纵对所述一个或多个特征信号进行编码来将所述一个或多个特征信号传送至所述第一功率传递区域的所述特征信号接收电路,对所述阻抗值的操纵导致所述反射的功率量在不同的时间点会有所不同。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中:
所述近场充电垫包括数据通信无线电设备,并且
所述多个测试功率传输信号的发送是在不经由所述数据通信无线电设备接收任何信号的情况下执行的。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述多个测试功率传输信号的发送是在预定义时间段到期时执行的。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括:
与所述多个测试功率传输信号的发送相结合,通过包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件来发送相应的多个测试功率传输信号;
使用包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个相应的功率传递区域中的相应的特征信号接收电路来检测在所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量;以及
针对所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域,确定在与所述多个功率传递区域中的每个功率传递区域相邻的相应的表面处是否存在(a)无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除了无线功率接收器之外的物体。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括:
基于在所述多个功率传递区域中的第二功率传递区域处检测到的相应的反射的功率量,确定在所述第二功率传递区域处存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体;以及
根据确定在所述第二功率传递区域处存在除无线功率接收器之外的物体,确定所述近场充电垫是否被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在一个或多个物体的时候发射无线功率,
其中,仅在确定所述近场充电垫被配置为在所述近场充电垫上存在一个或多个物体的时候发送无线功率之后才执行附加的功率传输信号的发送。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中:
所述近场充电垫的所述一个或多个处理器与包括一个或多个预定义特征信号的数据源通信。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中,在配置过程期间用一个或多个预定义特征信号来填充所述数据源,在所述配置过程中,将多个不同的无线功率接收器中的每个无线功率接收器放置在所述近场充电垫上,以允许所述近场充电垫进行检测并且然后存储所述多个不同的无线功率接收器中的每个无线功率接收器的相应的预定义特征信号。
11.如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述配置过程还包括将不是无线功率接收器的多个不同的物体放置在所述近场充电垫上,以允许所述近场充电垫进行检测并且然后存储所述多个不同的物体中的每个物体的相应的预定义特征信号。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括:
在发送所述附加的功率传输信号之后,从所述无线功率接收器接收数据通信信号,所述数据通信信号包括允许所述近场充电垫确定所述第一组传输特性的设备特定值的信息;以及
响应于接收到所述数据通信信号,停止发送所述附加的功率传输信号,并且替代地经由包括在所述第一功率传递区域中的所述相应的功率传递元件来发送具有所述第一组传输特性的设备特定值的其他功率传输信号。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述第一组传输特性的所述第一值和所述第二值相同。
14.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述第一组传输特性的所述第一值和所述第二值不同。
15.如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述无线功率接收器包括功率接收元件和整流器,所述整流器耦接至所述功率接收元件以用于将通过接收到功率传输信号而生成的交流转换为直流,并且所述无线功率接收器的所述信号生成电路包括:
阻抗修改电路,所述阻抗修改电路位于所述整流器的直流输出端口处,所述阻抗修改电路被配置为修改所述无线功率接收器处的阻抗。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的方法,其中:
所述功率传递元件是近场电容耦合器,并且
所述近场电容耦合器包括具有初级耦合器的金属层以及与在所述金属层上的所述初级耦合器相邻的一个或多个寄生耦接元件。
17.如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述近场电容耦合器经由传输线与功率放大器耦接,所述传输线被配置为向所述近场电容耦合器提供所述多个测试功率传输信号和附加的功率传输信号。
18.如权利要求1至17中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述传输线与所述特征信号接收电路耦接。
19.一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质,存储有可执行指令,所述可执行指令当由具有多个功率传递区域和一个或多个处理器的近场充电垫执行时使所述近场充电垫执行以下操作,每个功率传递区域分别包括至少一个功率传递元件和特征信号接收电路:
通过包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的第一功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件发送具有第一组传输特性的第一值的多个测试功率传输信号;
与发送所述多个测试功率传输信号中的每个测试功率传输信号相结合,使用所述特征信号接收电路检测在所述第一功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量;以及
至少部分地基于所述相应的反射的功率量,确定所述近场充电垫的与所述第一功率传递区域相邻的表面上是否存在(i)授权的无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除无线功率接收器之外的物体。
20.如权利要求19所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其中,所述一个或多个程序进一步包括用于执行如权利要求2至18中任一项所述的方法的指令。
21.一种近场充电垫,包括:
无线通信部件;
多个功率传递区域,每个功率传递区域分别包括至少一个功率传递元件;
一个或多个处理器;以及
存储器,所述存储器存储被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序,所述一个或多个程序包括用于进行以下操作的指令:
通过包括在所述多个功率传递区域中的第一功率传递区域中的相应的功率传递元件发送具有第一组传输特性的第一值的多个测试功率传输信号;
与发送所述多个测试功率传输信号中的每个测试功率传输信号相结合,使用所述特征信号接收电路检测在所述第一功率传递区域处的相应的反射的功率量;以及
至少部分地基于所述相应的反射的功率量,确定在所述近场充电垫的与所述第一功率传递区域相邻的表面上是否存在(i)授权的无线功率接收器和/或(ii)除无线功率接收器之外的物体。
22.如权利要求21所述的近场充电垫,其中,所述一个或多个程序当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时进一步使所述近场充电垫执行如权利要求2至18中任一项所述的方法。
CN201980023822.2A 2018-02-02 2019-01-30 检测近场充电垫上的无线功率接收器和其他物体的系统和方法 Pending CN111937273A (zh)

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