CN110371556B - 从存储系统中取回部件的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种存储系统与一种用于提升和移动堆叠在所述存储系统中的容器(10)的负载处理设备(100)。所述存储系统包括位于所述容器堆叠上方的呈网格式样(14)设置的多个轨道与轨路。所述网格式样包括多个网格空间,每个堆叠占用仅一个网格空间面积。所述负载处理设备被配置为在所述堆叠上方的所述轨道或轨路上横向移动。所述负载处理设备包括容器接收空间(114)以及提升装置(104),所述容器接收空间(114)位于使用中的所述轨道或轨路上方,所述提升装置(104)被设置为将容器从堆叠中提升,并将其放入所述容器接收空间内。所述负载处理设备在使用时仅占用所述存储系统中一个网格空间面积。
Description
本申请是申请号为201480055620.3、申请日为2014年07月24日、名称为“从存储系统中取回部件的装置”的由同一申请人提交的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及从存储系统中取回部件的装置。具体而言,本发明涉及用于处理包含堆叠部件网格的商店内的存储容器或存储箱的机器人设备。
背景技术
某些商业与工业活动需要能够存储与取回大量不同产品的系统。一种已知的在多个产品线中存储与取回项目的系统包括将存储箱或存储容器放置在成排的货架上,所述成排的货架隔着过道放置。每个箱子或容器中放有多个同种产品。所述成排货架间的过道可供在过道中来回走动(circulate)的操作人员或机器人取回所需产品。然而,需要提供过道空间来获取产品,意味着此类系统的存储密度相对较低。换言之,与整个存储系统所需的空间占用量相比,实际用于存储产品的空间占用量相对较小。
一种显著提高存储密度的替代方法是,将容器一个叠一个地堆放成堆叠,然后将堆叠成排放置,从上方存取容器,这样成排容器之间不再需要过道,能够在给定的空间内存储更多的容器。
几十年来,处理成排堆放的容器的方法已众所周知。在一些此类系统中,如US 2,701,065中所述,独立容器堆叠成排放置,以减少存储体积,使得在存储此类容器的同时,仍可以根据需要存取专用容器。通过用于堆放容器或从容器堆叠中取出指定容器的相对复杂的提升机构,可以存取一个指定容器。然而在很多情况下,此类系统在成本上是不切实际的,而且,这些系统大部分已被商业化,用于存储与处理大型船运容器。
目前已经研发出使用独立容器堆叠,提供取回与存储专用容器的机械构件的方案,如EP 0 767 113 B所述(Cimcorp)。Cimcorp公开了一种使用矩形管式机器人负载处理机取出多个堆叠容器的机构,所述矩形管式机器人负载处理机可降低至所述容器堆叠周围,配置为能够抓取所述堆叠中任一层的一个容器。这样,就能从一个堆叠中同时提升几个容器。可移动的矩形管可将几个容器从一个堆叠顶部移动到另一个堆叠顶部,或从一个堆叠移动到一个外部地点,反之亦然。当一个堆叠中的所有容器中存放的是同一种产品时(也称为单一品项堆叠),此类系统尤其有用。负载处理机可用来在单一品项堆叠之间移动容器,例如将多个含同种产品的容器放入仓库中,以及从两个或多个单一品项堆叠中拣选一个或多个容器并生成多品项输出堆叠。例如,在中央仓库中拣选装蔬菜用的板条箱,生成多品项订单,以便配送给零售商店。
如Cimcorp专利中所述的系统中,矩形管的高度必须至少与最大的容器堆叠的高度相同,这样才能在一次操作中取出最高的容器堆叠。相应地,若应用于仓库等密闭的空间,堆叠的最大高度受容纳负载处理机矩形管之需所限制。另外,该系统不太适合从多品项堆叠中挑选单个容器。
销售多个产品线的在线零售企业(如在线零售商与超市)需要能够存储数万乃至数十万个不同产品线的系统。在这类情况下,使用单一品项堆叠就不切实际,因为需要很大的占地面积来容纳所有所需的堆叠。而且,理想情况是仅能存储小量的个别项目,如易腐商品或非经常订购的商品,这就使得单一品项堆叠方案效率低。
因此,在某些应用情况下,多品项堆叠(形成每个堆叠的所述容器内装有不同的产品)则较受青睐,能将所述系统的存储密度最大化。已存储的项目必须能够以合理的速度和易用度被存取,这样,才能从所述存储系统中高效地拣选出履行客户订单所需的多个不同种类的项目,即便一些所需的项目存储在一个堆叠的较低层,上面堆叠着几个其它的容器。
国际专利WO 98/049075A(Autostore)的内容以引用的方式被纳入本申请,其描述了一种在框架式结构中放置多品项容器堆叠的系统。此类系统说明示意图见附图图1-图4所示。
如图1与图2所示,可堆叠的容器,即箱子10,一个叠一个地堆放,形成堆叠12。所述堆叠12被放置在仓库或生产环境中的网格框架结构14中。图1是所述框架结构14的立体示意图,图2是所述框架结构14中箱子10堆放形成的堆叠12的俯视图。每个箱子10通常都放有多个产品项目(图中未显示),每个箱子10中的产品可以是同种产品,也可以是不同种类的产品,依实际情况而定。
所述框架结构14包含多个垂直构件16,所述多个垂直构件16支撑水平构件18,20。第一组平行的水平构件18相对于第二组平行的水平构件20垂直设置,形成由所述垂直构件16支撑的多个水平网格结构。所述构件16,18,20通常由金属制成。所述箱子10堆放在所述框架结构14的所述构件16,18,20之间,使得所述框架结构14可以防止箱子10形成的所述堆叠12的水平移动,并引导所述箱子10进行垂直移动。
所述框架结构14的最顶层包括轨道22,所述轨道22以网格式样设置并横越所述堆叠12顶部。另见图3与图4所示,所述轨道22支撑多个机器人负载处理设备30。平行轨道22的第一组22a引导所述负载处理设备30沿第一方向(X轴方向)在所述框架结构14顶部移动,平行轨道22的第二组22b与所述第一组22a垂直,引导所述负载处理设备30沿与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向(Y 轴方向)移动。这样,所述负载处理设备30就可以在所述轨道22上沿X-Y二维水平面进行横向移动,通往任何所述堆叠12上方的位置。
挪威第317366号专利对所述负载处理设备30进行了进一步的说明,其内容以引用方式纳入本申请。图3(a)与图3(b)分别是所述负载处理设备30后面与正面立体示意图,图3(c)是正在提升箱子10的负载处理设备30的正面立体示意图。
每个负载处理设备30都包含一个运载工具32,其被设置为在所述堆叠12上方的所述框架结构14上的所述轨道22上沿X轴方向与Y轴方向滑动。第一组轮子34包含所述运载工具32正面的一对轮子34,以及所述运载工具32后面的一对轮子34,被设置为与所述轨道22的第一组22a的两个相邻轨道卡合(engage)。同理,第二组轮子36包含所述运载工具32每侧的一对轮子36,被设置为与所述轨道22的第二组22b的两个相邻轨道卡合。每组轮子34,36都可以抬升或降低,使所述第一组轮子34或所述第二组轮子36可以在任何时候分别与所述轨道22a与轨道22b卡合。
当所述第一组轮子34与所述第一组轨道22a卡合,所述第二组轮子36就会抬升,脱离所述轨道22。所述轮子34由内置在所述运载工具32中的传动机构(图中未显示)驱动,沿X轴方向移动所述负载处理设备30。要沿Y轴方向移动所述负载处理设备30,所述第一组轮子34抬升,脱离所述轨道22,所述第二组轮子36降低,与所述第二组轨道22b卡合。随后所述传动机构便可驱动所述第二组轮子36沿Y轴方向移动。
所述负载处理设备30还配有起重装置40。所述起重装置40包含从所述运载工具32顶部横向延伸的悬臂42。抓取板44通过四条缆绳46从所述悬臂42悬吊下来。所述缆绳46与内置在所述运载工具32中的卷绕机构(图中未显示)相连。所述缆绳46可从所述悬臂42向上或向下伸展,使得抓取板44的位置可以相对于所述运载工具32沿Z轴方向被调整。
所述抓取板44适于与箱子10的顶部相卡合。例如,所述抓取板44可包括与形成箱子10上表面的框边中相应的孔(图中未显示)配合的插脚(图中未显示),以及与框边可卡合、用于抓取所述箱子10的滑动夹钳(图中未显示)。所述夹钳由内置在所述抓取板44中适当的传动机构驱动,与所述箱子10卡合,通过所述缆绳46或单独的控制缆绳(图中未显示)传送的信号驱动和控制所述传动机构。
要从堆叠12顶部取出箱子10,所述负载处理设备30根据需要沿X轴与Y轴方向移动,将所述抓取板44位于所述堆叠12上方。随后沿Z轴方向向下垂直降低所述抓取板44,使其与所述堆叠12顶部的所述箱子10卡合,如图3(c)所示。所述抓取板44抓取所述箱子10,然后由所述缆绳46向上提升,将所述箱子10取出。垂直移动到顶部后,所述箱子10被收纳在所述悬臂42下方,并位于轨道22的水平面上方。这样,所述负载处理设备30可载着所述箱子10一同在X-Y水平面上移动到不同的位置,将所述箱子10运送到另一地点。所述缆绳46具有足够的长度,可使所述负载处理设备30在所述堆叠12的任一层(包括最底层)取回与放置箱子。所述运载工具32也具有足够的重量,以便与所述箱子10的重量相平衡,在提升过程中保持稳定。所述运载工具32的重量部分包含驱动所述轮子34,36的所述传动机构的电池的重量。
如图4所示,可提供多个同样的负载处理设备30,每个负载处理设备30可同时运作,以提高系统的总处理能力。如图4所示的系统包括两个特定位置,即作业港24,通过作业港24,将箱子10运进或运出所述系统。与各作业港24相连的是一个附加传送系统(图中未显示),可通过所述传送系统将由负载处理设备30运送至作业港24的箱子10运送到另一地点,例如,运送至拣选站(图中未显示)。同理,可通过所述传送系统将箱子10从外部地点运送到一个作业港24,例如,从装箱站(图中未显示),并由所述负载处理设备30将其运送到堆叠12,以补充所述系统库存。
每个负载处理设备30一次可提升并移动一个箱子10。如需取回的箱子10(“目标箱子”)不在堆叠12顶层,则必须首先将其上覆盖的箱子10(“非目标箱子”)移开,以获取目标箱子10。
每个所述负载处理设备30都由中央计算机控制。可对所述系统中每个单独的箱子10进行追踪,因此根据需要,能够取回、运送并放置适当的箱子10。
如图1-图4所示的系统有很多优势,适合各种存储与取回操作。所述系统尤其容许高密度存储产品,可在所述箱子10中存储各种不同的项目,是一种十分经济的方式,同时还能在需要拣选的时候,合理经济地获取所有的所述箱子10。
对于操作速度是关键的大容量系统而言,将每个所述负载处理设备的操作速度、电池寿命、可靠性、提升能力以及稳定性等性能增加到最大限度很重要。因此,理想情况是在一个或多个这样的区域提供具有改进性能的负载处理设备。
理想情况还可以是增加任一次使用中的负载处理设备的数量,提高从所述存储系统取回项目的速度。例如,申请人的待审第PCT/GB2013/051215号国际专利(其内容同样以引用方式纳入本申请)描述了一种存储系统,所述系统提供多个两种不同类型的负载处理设备。其中一种负载处理设备适合在一次操作中从一个堆叠中提升多个箱子,使第二种类型的单一品项箱子负载处理设备能够获取所述堆叠中的一个目标箱子。在这种情况下,理想的是缩小所述负载处理设备的尺寸,以将一台设备的最佳移动路径被其他运行的设备阻碍的情况降低到最小。
基于此背景,特设计本发明。
发明内容
一方面,本发明涉及在包括网格框架的存储系统中使用的负载处理设备,所述网格框架包含多个容器堆叠。所述负载处理设备被设置在所述容器堆叠上方,能够从堆叠中提升容器,并将所述容器横向移动到另一位置。优选的,每个负载处理设备大致仅占用所述存储系统中一个网格空间。
因此,本发明提供一种负载处理设备,用于提升与移动在存储系统中堆叠的容器,所述存储系统包含位于容器堆叠上方的多个以网格结构设置的轨道或轨路。所述网格结构包括多个网格空间,每个堆叠基本上仅占用一个网格空间面积。所述负载处理设备被配置为在所述堆叠上方的轨道或轨路上横向移动,所述负载处理设备包括容器接收空间和提升装置,所述容器接收空间使用时位于轨道或轨路上方,所述提升装置用于从堆叠中提升容器,并放入所述容器接收空间内;其中,所述负载处理设备在使用时基本上仅占用所述存储系统中一个网格空间面积。
根据本发明所述一个实施例的负载处理设备包括容器接收空间,用于容纳提升的容器。所述容器接收空间被设置于运载工具模块下方,所述运载工具模块内置例如电源部件、控制部件、驱动部件与提升部件。
在本发明优选实施例中,所述负载处理设备有一外罩,所述外罩基本包围所述容器接收空间。所述外罩优选是立方形的。
与如图3(a)-3(c)所示的第317366号专利所述的悬臂式设计相比,通过将所述负载处理设备的大体积元件放于所述容器接收空间上方,减少了所述负载处理设备的占用面积,大体积元件置于所述容器接收空间一侧的运载工具模块中。本发明所述负载处理设备仅占用所述框架结构中一个容器堆叠上方的空间,与如图3(a)-3(c)所示的占用两个堆叠上方空间的悬臂式设计相比,这是一个优势。这意味着通过本发明,所述存储系统的操作效率能够提高,因为减少的占用面积可以容纳更多的负载处理设备,从而降低一台设备阻碍另一台设备最佳路径的可能性。
所述负载处理设备优选包括一组轮子,用于支撑所述堆叠上方的所述负载处理设备。例如,所述框架结构上方的轨道可以引导所述负载处理设备横向移动。所述轨道可以是网格结构的,容许所述负载处理设备在水平面上进行二维移动。所述轮子可以与所述轨道相卡合。可以提供两组轮子,其中一组轮子与第一组轨道卡合,引导所述负载处理设备沿第一方向移动,另一组轮子与第二组轨道卡合,引导所述负载处理设备沿第二方向移动。
在本发明的一项实施例中,所述轮子设置在所述容器接收空间外围。所述轮子可由所述运载工具模块罩住的一个或多个电动机驱动。所述运载工具模块中的所述电动机产生的驱动力可通过所述容器接收空间周围配置的驱动力传递装置传递给所述轮子。例如,所述驱动力传递装置可以包含适当配置的滑轮与传动带。
或者,所述轮子可以包括集成电动机,例如,将电动机整合在轮毂内。这样,每个轮子就是一个自容器驱动装置,同时也不需要传动带。此种配置有其优势,因为这样减小了所述负载处理设备的尺寸,便于维修。
一组或两组轮子可以被配置为相对另一组轮子提升与降低。一个或多个轮子提升电动机或其他轮子提升装置可以内置在所述运载工具模块中作此用。
所述运载工具模块可内置卷扬装置或起重装置,将所述容器提升,放入所述容器接收空间内。所述起重装置可以包括一个或多个电动机,用于提升所述容器,所述起重机的每个电动机可被内置在所述运载工具模块中。
所述起重装置可以包括一个抓取装置,所述抓取装置被配置为从上方抓取容器。所述抓取装置由可以从所述运载工具伸展与缩回的缆绳悬吊,垂直地移动所述抓取装置。
在另一个实施例中,所述负载处理设备配有提升装置,所述提升装置被配置为从堆叠中提升容器,并将其放入所述容器接收空间内。所述提升装置可以包括一对提升臂,配置在所述容器接收空间的任一侧,这种情况下,所述提升装置可以包含抓取装置,其被安装在所述提升臂的端部之间,用于从上方抓取一个容器。
所述负载处理设备优选有一个质心,在所述抓取装置下降到所述容器接收空间下方时基本位于所述抓取装置的正上方。
在另一个实施例中,所述提升装置包括棒条或缆绳,以与所述容器侧壁上形成的竖直槽道相卡合。可通过每个容器上表面的开口到达所述槽道。在这种情况下,所述存储系统中不需要垂直伸展的空间。
所述棒条或缆绳可以携持锚定机构,用于与容器可释放地卡合。例如,所述锚定机构可以包含一个或多个可横向伸展的臂,用于与所述容器表面相卡合。所述锚定机构可以进行远程操作,例如,通过穿过所述棒条或缆绳管状孔的线材。
根据本发明另一个实施例所述的负载处理设备包含上部、包括容器接收空间的下部、以及将容器提升到所述容器接收空间内的卷扬装置。所述卷扬装置优选包含卷扬电动机,所述卷扬电动机被内置于所述上部中,位于所述容器接收空间上方。所述下部优选包括轮组件,用于辅助所述负载处理设备相对于框架结构进行横向移动。所述上部还包括至少一个电动机,用于驱动所述轮组件的一个或多个轮子。
所述下部可以包含框架结构,用于支撑所述轮式起落装置的轮子。所述框架结构可以配置在所述容器接收空间周围。例如,所述容器接收空间可与所述框架结构的四边相固定。所述框架结构的一个或多个要素可以是可移动的,能够相对第二组轮子提升与降低第一组轮子,以便于所述第一组轮子和所述第二组轮子与第一组轨道或轨路和第二组轨道或轨路分别卡合。所述框架结构的可移动要素可由内置在所述负载处理设备上部的电动机驱动。
本发明所述负载处理设备优选是自驱动式机器人运载工具。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种存储系统,所述存储系统包括含有多个容器堆叠的框架结构,以及一个或多个上述负载处理设备。每个负载处理设备基本上占用一个网格空间,相当于仅一个容器堆叠占用的面积。
因此,本发明提供一种存储系统,所述存储系统包括:第一组平行轨道或轨路,以及在基本水平的面上横向于(transverse)第一组伸展的第二组平行轨道或轨路,形成包含多个网格空间的网格结构;多个位于所述轨道下方的容器堆叠,被设置成每个堆叠基本上占用一个网格空间面积;一个如上所述的负载处理设备,在所述堆叠上方的所述轨道上横向移动,所述负载处理设备包含容器接收空间和提升装置,所述容器接收空间使用时位于轨道或轨路上方,所述提升装置用于从堆叠中提升容器,并放入所述容器接收空间内;其中,所述负载处理设备在使用时基本上仅占用所述存储系统中一个网格空间面积。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种存储系统,所述存储系统包括含有多个容器堆叠的框架结构、能够在一次操作中从堆叠中提升多个容器的第一处理设备,以及能够提升一个容器并横向移动该容器的第二处理设备。所述第一处理设备与第二处理设备配置在所述框架结构上方,可单独移动,对不同的堆叠进行存取。所述第二处理设备与上述负载处理设备相同,占用空间基本相当于仅一个容器堆叠占用空间。
在这方面,当需要取回位于一个堆叠中部或底部的容器时,第一处理设备能够在一次操作中从一个堆叠中提升多个容器,同时第二处理设备能够提升一个容器,并横向移动该容器,这就提供了一种最佳的解决方案。与一次仅能提升一个容器的现有技术相比,在这种情况下,只需执行两次提升操作就能取回所述目标容器,极大地提高了取回流程的速度与效率。
所述存储系统还包含一个或多个作业港位置,通过作业港位置可以从所述存储系统中取出容器和/或向所述存储系统补充容器。本发明所述负载处理设备能够将目标容器从堆叠运输到作业港位置。所述容器可以包含上部开口的箱子。所述容器可以设置为在形成堆叠时于垂直方向上相互锁住或卡合。
一般情况下,可以使用多个处理设备同时提升或移动多个容器。所述处理设备可以是不同类型的,可以根据成本与系统能源消耗平衡,以及操作速度与灵活性加以选择。本发明的一个优势在于所述负载处理设备的占用空间为仅一个堆叠上方的空间,与负载处理设备占有两个或多个堆叠空间的现有技术相比,能够提高多装置系统的效率。在一个指定的系统中,可通过容纳更多的负载处理设备提高效率,也可通过使用减小装置占用面积而腾出的空间优化装置移动路线来提高效率,或者通过将上述两种因素相结合以提高效率。
本发明所述各方面的优选和/或可选特征可以单独使用,或以适当的组合应用在本发明所述的其他方面。
附图说明
图1是已知存储系统中存放多个箱子堆叠的框架结构的立体示意图;
图2是图1所示框架结构一部分的平面示意图;
图3(a)与图3(b)分别是与图1与图2所示的框架结构一同使用的已知负载处理设备的后面与正面立体示意图,图3(c)是使用中的已知负载处理设备提升箱子时的立体示意图;
图4是已知存储系统的立体示意图,其包含多个图3(a)、图3(b)与图3(c)所示的负载处理设备,设置在图1与图2所示的框架结构上。
仅通过举例的方式参考其余附图对本发明的实施例进行说明,其中相同的标号对应相同的特征。
图5是本发明实施例所述负载处理设备的立体示意图;
图6(a)与图6(b)是图5所示负载处理设备的立体示意图,如图6(a)与图6(b)所示,所述负载处理设备的部分被分割开,用于展示所述装置的内部构造,图6(c)展示了所述装置的一种可能的系统架构。
图7是存储系统的立体示意图,所述存储系统包含多个图3(a)、图3(b)与图3(c)所示的已知负载处理机,以及多个图5所示的负载处理机,设置在图1与图2所示的框架结构上;
图8、图9与图10分别是本发明另一实施例所述的负载处理设备的侧视图、立体示意图与俯视图,未显示外壳;
图11是图8-图10所示负载处理设备的立体示意图,未显示外壳;
图12是图8-图11所示负载处理设备的侧视图;
图13是适合图8-图12所示负载处理设备所使用的轮子的立体示意图;
图14是本发明另一实施例所述负载处理设备的一部分的立体示意图;
图15与图16分别是图14所示负载处理设备的内部组件的立体示意图与侧视图;
图17是本发明进一步实施例所述负载处理设备的立体图。
本发明实施例详述
图5展示了本发明一个实施例的负载处理设备100。所述负载处理设备100包含运载工具102,配有从上方提升存储容器或箱子106(也称为提运箱)的卷扬或起重机构104。所述起重机构104包括卷扬缆绳108与一个抓取板110。所述抓取板110用于在图1与图2所示的存储系统中抓住所述容器106顶部,并从容器106的堆叠中将其提升。
如图6(a)与图6(b)所示,所述运载工具102包含上部112与下部114。
所述下部114配有两组轮子116,118,其在所述存储系统的框架结构顶部的轨道上运行。每组轮子116,118中的至少一个轮子可以被驱动,使所述运载工具102在所述轨道上分别沿X轴与Y轴方向移动。如下所述,可以垂直移动一组或两组轮子116,118,将每组轮子提升起来,使其脱离各自的轨道,从而使所述运载工具102沿期望的方向移动。
所述轮子116,118被设置在所述下部114中的腔室或凹口120的外围,即容器接收凹口。所述凹口120的尺寸能够在所述起重机构104提升所述箱子106时容纳所述箱子106,如图6(a)所示。在所述凹口120中时,所述箱子106被提升,脱离下面的轨道,使得所述运载工具102可横向移动到不同的位置。一旦到达目标位置,例如另一个堆叠、所述存储系统中的存取点或传送带处,将所述箱子106从所述凹口120降低(如图6(b)所示),并从所述抓取板110中将其释放。
所述运载工具102的上部112内置了所述负载处理设备的所有重要的大体积组件,如图6(c)所示。所述上部112内置了电池与相关电子设备、控制器与通讯装置、驱动所述轮子116,118的电动机、驱动所述起重机构104的电动机,以及其他感应器与系统。
这样,所述运载工具102的占用面积大于箱子106的尺寸,仅够容纳所述凹口120两侧的所述轮子116,118。换言之,所述装载工具102占用所述存储系统中的一个网格空间。这样,所述运载工具102在X-Y平面中就占用可能的最小空间,占用面积约等于图3所示现有悬臂式设计占用面积的一半。为进行对比,图7展示了本发明图1与图2所示的存储系统中使用的负载处理设备100,其旁边是图3所示的现有悬臂式负载处理设备30。从图中可以看出,现有装置30尽管较矮,但却占用两个堆叠空间,而本发明所述装置100,虽较高,但占用面积较小。
相比现有悬臂式负载处理设备30,本发明所述负载处理设备100还具有更好的稳定性、更强的负载处理能力,以及较轻的重量,因为在本发明中,所述容器的负载悬于所述运载工具各侧的各对轮子之间。对比而言,现有装置30必须要有相对较重的运载工具模块,以平衡悬臂式配置的负载。
图8-图12展示了本发明的一个实施例。所述运载工具102的上部112内置有三个主电动机:Z轴驱动电动机150,用于提升与降低所述卷扬缆绳108,所述卷扬缆绳108绕在安装于所述运载工具102两对面的的驱动轴上的线轴109上;X轴驱动电动机152,用于驱动所述第一组轮子116;以及Y轴驱动电动机154,用于驱动所述第二组轮子118。所述运载工具的上部112还内置有电池156,为图6(c)所示的电动机、控制器、感应器及上述其他组件提供动力。
所述X轴与Y轴驱动电动机152,154产生的驱动力通过带式传动机构传递给所述各组轮子116,118。所述X轴驱动电动机152驱动滑轮160,所述滑轮160与横穿所述运载工具机体的短驱动轴162相连。所述短驱动轴162产生的驱动力通过X轴传动带164传递给所述第一组轮子116中的各轮子。所述Y轴驱动电动机154驱动滑轮170,所述滑轮170与横穿(以垂直于短驱动轴162的方向)所述运载工具机体的长驱动轴172相连。所述长驱动轴172产生的驱动力通过Y轴传动带174传递给所述第二组轮子118中的各轮子。
所述带式驱动轮子116,118安装在所述运载工具102的下部114的底部。使用将电动机的驱动力传递给轮子的传动带164,174能够将所述电动机152,154安装在所述运载工具的上部112。
在本实施例中,通过轮子定位机构,能够提升所述第一组轮子116,使其脱离轨道,或降低所述第一组轮子116,使其与轨道卡合,如图9、图11与图12明确所示。每个轮子116安装在一个臂180(所述臂180是外端枢轴式安装)上。每个臂180的内端与各联动装置182的下端相连。两个联动装置182的上端与共同的联动装置184的下端相连。而所述共同的联动装置184的上端与由电动机188驱动而移动的活动臂186相连。通过操作所述电动机188,上拉所述共同的联动装置184,提升所述第一组轮子116,则所述第二组轮子118单独与所述轨道卡合,使所述运载工具102沿Y轴方向移动。通过操作所述电动机188,向下推动所述共同的联动装置184,下移所述第一组轮子116,使其与所述轨道卡合,提升所述运载工具,从而提升所述第二组轮子118,使其脱离轨道,如图9、图11与图12所示。然后所述运载工具102可沿X轴方向移动。
所述第二组的轮子118安装在固定T形部件190上,所述T形部件190设于所述运载工具102的下部114的各端。
图8、图9与图12展示了所述负载处理设备100正将箱子106提升到所述凹口120。图11展示了所述负载处理设备100下方携有所述箱子106,所述抓取板110将与所述箱子106卡合。所述轮子116,118与所述相关支撑部件、联动装置,以及传动带164,174设置在所述凹口120的边缘周围,从而牢固地支撑所述运载工具102的上部112。
图13展示了适于用作所述负载处理设备100的所述轮子116,118中任一个的轮子200。所述轮子200具有齿状中央槽202,形成一个滑轮,与传动带164,174协同运作。所述槽202的边缘由两个橡胶轮胎204限定,使用时所述橡胶轮胎204压在所述轨道上。所述轮子200可以通过轮轴(图中未显示)安装在臂180上,所述轮轴可贯穿所述轮子200中的轴孔206。此种轮子设计结构紧凑且稳定,能将磨损降至最低,而且所述轮胎204在使用中能将所述传动带164,174保持在一条直线上。
图14展示了本发明所述另一实施例中的两个轮子200,安装在负载处理设备框架结构210中。如前述实施例所述,本实施例中,所述负载处理设备包含运载工具,其由内置有装置主要组件的上部112和含有容纳箱子的凹口120的下部组成,所述轮子200安装在所述凹口的四侧(图14仅显示了一侧所安装的轮子)。
这种情况下,所述框架结构210包含两个平行的板,用于容纳其间的所述轮子200。本发明提供了传动带212,用于将内置在所述运载工具上部112中的电动机所产生的驱动力传递给所述轮子200。
再如图15与图16所示,可以相对于所述运载工具的上部112移动框架结构210,来提升或降低本实施例中所述轮子200。所述框架结构210通过轨道232安装在所述运载工具上部112的主体230上。所述轨道232沿垂直方向固定在所述主体230上,所述框架结构210可滑动地安装在所述轨道232上。
所述框架结构210由一对在所述板之间延伸的联动装置240所维持。所述联动装置240的底面各端与搭建所述板之间间隔的各轴242相连。所述联动装置240的顶端可旋转地与安装在螺纹水平传动轴244上的螺纹轴节246相连。所述轴节246可滑动地与水平轨道248相连。
所述传动轴244由电动机250通过传动带(图中未显示)驱动。当所述传动轴244沿第一方向旋转时,所述联动装置240的顶端分开,向下推动所述框架结构210,从而将所述轮子200降低至轨道上。当所述传动轴244沿第二方向(反方向)旋转时,所述联动装置240的顶端合起来,向上拉动所述框架结构210,从而提升所述轮子200。
尽管图14与图16中仅显示了带有两个轮子200的一个框架结构210,但可以理解所述运载工具的另一侧也提供一个同样的框架结构210。可通过一个共同的电动机提升与降低两个框架结构210,因此,可同时提升与降低四个轮子200,以控制第一组轮子200与贯穿框架结构以第一方向延伸的轨道相卡合。尽管图14与图16中未显示,所述运载工具包括另一组轮子,用于在所述第一组轮子被提升时,与贯穿框架结构以第二方向(垂直方向)延伸的轨道相卡合。
可以理解可能存在很多不同的变化与修改。例如,两组轮子可以由一个电动机驱动,通过适当的传递装置将驱动力传递给合适的那组轮子。在其他实施例中,一个或多个所述轮子可以包括集成电动机或与所述轮子相邻的电动机,如图17中的示例所示。
图17还展示了本发明进一步实施例所述的负载处理设备252。所述负载处理设备252有立方形外罩254,所述外罩254下沿258近处安装有多个轮子256。所述轮子256为机动毂轮,每个轮子256都有一个集成在所述轮子256的毂260中的电动机。所述电动机用于直接驱动所述各轮子256,因此,本实施例不需要连接所述轮子与驱动电动机的传动带。
本示例中,所述电动机由内置在所述外罩254下部264的侧壁262中的电池驱动,所述电池与所述装置252的容器接收空间266相邻。将电池安装在低位处,能降低所述装置252的重心,产生有利效果,从而提高装置的稳定性,实现更快的加减速。所述装置252或与前述实施例中的装置相似,包含提升与降低所述轮子256的相似机构,以及提升容器并将该容器放入所述容器接收空间266中的相似的提升装置。设置在所述侧壁262中的电池也可用于驱动这些组件。
在任一前述实施例中,用于提升容器并将其放入所述容器接收空间的机构可以是任何适当的形式。为获得最大稳定性与负载能力,理想情况是提供四根提升缆绳,在所述装置的每个角附近都设置一根。但如希望,也可以使用更少的缆绳,进行不同的装配。最好所有的缆绳都使用一个电动机进行卷绕与释放,但如希望,也可使用一个以上电动机。
用于提升轮子的所述机构可使用线性致动器代替电动机,如线性电动机或液压油缸。对本领域技术人员来说,使用其他方式代替电池为所述负载处理设备提供动力是显而易见的,例如,使用高架电力或通过所述装置运行的轨道供应电力。
应当认识到,一个具体实施例所述的特征与其他实施例所述的特征是可以相互替代的。例如,图17所述的机动毂轮可应用于任何其他实施例,和/或任一实施例中,所述电池可放置在邻近所述容器接收空间的低位处,以提高稳定性,加快加/减速。其他上述未列明的变化与修改对本领域技术人员也是显而易见的。
Claims (8)
1.一种存储系统,包括:
在X方向上延伸的第一组平行轨道(22a),和在Y方向上延伸的第二组平行轨道(22b),所述第二组平行轨道在基本水平的平面上与所述第一组横切,形成包含数个网格空间的网格结构(14);
数个容器(106)的堆叠(12),所述数个堆叠(12)位于所述轨道之下,并以使每一堆叠位于单个网格空间的空间范围之内的方式排列;
多个负载处理设备(100),
其中,每一负载处理设备(100)包含轮组件,所述轮组件包含第一组轮子(116)和第二组轮子(118),所述第一组轮子(116)与所述第一组轨道(22a)卡合,引导所述负载处理设备沿所述X方向移动,所述第二组轮子(118)与所述第二组轨道(22b)卡合,引导所述负载处理设备沿所述Y方向移动,以使得每一负载处理设备被设置为在所述堆叠(12)之上、在所述轨道上、在所述X方向和Y方向上选择性地横向移动,
其特征在于:
每一负载处理设备包含位于所述轨道之上的容器接收空间(120),所述容器接收空间(120)用于容纳来自所述堆叠的容器(106),且每一负载处理设备(100)包含配置为从堆叠提升容器(106)并放入所述容器接收空间(120)的提升装置,
每一负载处理设备(100)包含基本立方体形状的外罩,所述外罩的两个面朝向所述X方向,两个面朝向所述Y方向,上面朝向Z方向,以使得所述外罩从所述负载处理设备(100)的上方和所有四个面基本包围所述容器接收空间(120),
所述外罩朝向所述Y方向的面在所述Y方向上不比所述负载处理设备(100)的该面上的所述第一组轮子延伸更远,所述外罩朝向所述X方向的面在所述X方向上不比所述负载处理设备(100)的该面上的所述第二组轮子延伸更远,以使得占据一个网格空间的负载处理设备(100)不阻碍占据或横穿所述X方向上相邻网格空间的负载处理设备(100),也不阻碍占据或横穿所述Y方向上相邻网格空间的负载处理设备(100)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的存储系统,其特征在于,所述提升装置包含设置为从上方抓取容器(106)的抓取装置(110)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的存储系统,其特征在于,每一负载处理设备(100)还包含设置为相对所述容器接收空间(120)提升与降低所述抓取装置(110)的提升机构(104)。
4.根据任一项前述权利要求所述的存储系统,其特征在于,每一负载处理设备(100)包含上部(112)和下部(114),所述上部(112)内置有电力、控制、驱动和/或提升组件,所述下部(114)包括所述容器接收空间(120),其中,所述下部(114)置于所述上部(112)的正下方。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的存储系统,其特征在于,所述第一组或第二组轮子中的所述轮子布置在所述容器接收空间的外围。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的存储系统,其特征在于,每一负载处理设备上的一个或多个所述轮子包含轮毂电动机。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的存储系统,其特征在于,每一负载处理设备上的第一组轮子和第二组轮子中的至少一组被配置为能够相对另一组轮子提升与降低。
8.一种负载处理设备,用做权利要求1至7中任一项所述的存储系统中负载处理设备中的一个,所述存储系统包括:
在X方向上延伸的第一组平行轨道(22a),和在Y方向上延伸的第二组平行轨道(22b),所述第二组平行轨道在基本水平的平面上与所述第一组横切,形成包含数个网格空间的网格结构(14);以及数个容器(106)的堆叠(12),所述数个堆叠(12)位于所述轨道之下,并以使每一堆叠位于单个网格空间的空间范围之内的方式排列;
其中,所述负载处理设备(100)包含轮组件,所述轮组件包含第一组轮子(116)和第二组轮子(118),所述第一组轮子(116)与所述第一组轨道卡合,引导所述负载处理设备沿所述X方向移动,所述第二组轮子(118)与所述第二组轨道卡合,引导所述负载处理设备沿所述Y方向移动,以使得所述负载处理设备被设置为在所述堆叠(12)之上、在所述轨道上、在所述X方向和Y方向上选择性地横向移动,
其特征在于:
所述负载处理设备包含用于容纳来自所述堆叠的容器(106)的容器接收空间(120),且所述负载处理设备(100)包含配置为从堆叠提升容器(106)并放入所述容器接收空间(120)的提升装置,
所述负载处理设备(100)包含基本立方体形状的外罩,所述外罩的两个面朝向所述X方向,两个面朝向所述Y方向,上面朝向Z方向,所述负载处理设备设置为在所述堆叠(12)之上、在所述轨道上移动时,所述外罩从所述负载处理设备(100)的上方和所有四个面基本包围所述容器接收空间(120),
且其中所述外罩朝向所述Y方向的面在所述Y方向上不比所述负载处理设备(100)的该面上的所述第一组轮子延伸更远,所述外罩朝向所述X方向的面在所述X方向上不比所述负载处理设备(100)的该面上的所述第二组轮子延伸更远,以使得所述负载处理设备位于所述存储系统的堆叠(12)之上时,占据该网格空间的所述负载处理设备(100)不阻碍占据或横穿所述X方向上相邻网格空间的负载处理设备(100),也不阻碍占据或横穿所述Y方向上相邻网格空间的负载处理设备(100)。
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