CN107276936A - 基于块的波峰因子降低（cfr） - Google Patents

基于块的波峰因子降低（cfr） Download PDF

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CN107276936A
CN107276936A CN201710321171.8A CN201710321171A CN107276936A CN 107276936 A CN107276936 A CN 107276936A CN 201710321171 A CN201710321171 A CN 201710321171A CN 107276936 A CN107276936 A CN 107276936A
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CN107276936B (zh
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K.阿扎德特
A.莫利纳
J.H.奥斯莫
于盟林
R.萨切兹
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Abstract

提供了基于块的波峰因子降低（CFR）技术。一种示例性的基于块的波峰因子降低方法包括：获取包括多个样本的数据样本块；将数据块应用到波峰因子降低块中；以及从波峰因子降低块提供经处理的数据块。基于块的波峰因子降低方法能够可选地为数据块而迭代执行多次。数据样本块可包括具有至少一个指针块的扩展块。例如，可采用至少两个前指针块和一个后指针块。例如，能够仅仅在数据块样本中以及在第一个前指针块中抵消峰值。

Description

基于块的波峰因子降低（CFR）
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2011年10月27日提交的发明名称为“Software Digital Front End(SoftDFE) Signal Processing and Digital Radio”的第61/552,242号美国专利临时申请的优先权，这里通过引用并入。
本申请涉及发明名称为“Crest Factor Reduction (CFR) Using AsymmetricalPulses”的第____号美国专利申请、以及发明名称为“Multi-Stage Crest FactorReduction (CFR) for Multi-channel Multi-Standard Radio”的第____号美国专利申请，其中每一个随此同时提交并且通过引用并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及数字信号处理技术，并且更特别地，涉及用于波峰因子降低的技术。
背景技术
波峰因子或者峰-均比（PAR）是对波形的测量，其从波形的峰值振幅除以波形的RMS值中计算。在众多无线通信技术中，通信信号经常具有高的峰-均比（PAR），所述高的峰-均比（PAR）能够消减无线基站中采用的功率放大器（PA）的效率。已经提议或者建议了众多用于减少PAR的技术以提高功率放大器的效率，从而允许在发生饱和之前发送更高的平均功率。
波峰因子降低（CFR）是用于减少所发送的无线信号的PAR的数字技术。在无线发射机中，例如，经常将CFR与数字预失真（DPD）合并。DPD用作线性化功率放大器以提高功率放大器的效率。经常将CFR与DPD结合使用，以针对给定的功率放大器饱和电压而最大化平均发送功率。经常地，将CFR置于数字上变换（DUC）级之后并且在DPD和/或均衡之前。
一般性地，波峰因子降低技术采用峰值检测并且接着通过从所检测到的峰值中减去抵消脉冲来抵消峰值，以减小峰值振幅并且由此减小PAR。抵消脉冲被精心设计以匹配信号/信道谱响应。按照这一方式，峰值抵消仅仅引入（多个）信号信道内的噪声。已有的波峰因子降低技术逐个样本地处理信号。在基于样本的波峰因子降低软件实现中，在软件中处理各个样本而引入的开销消减了效率（例如，与函数调用相关联的开销）。因而，存在对基于块的波峰因子降低技术的需求，其中每一个块包括多个样本。
发明内容
一般性地，提供了基于块的波峰因子降低（CFR）技术。根据本发明的一个方面，一种基于块的波峰因子降低方法，包括：获取包括多个样本的数据样本块；将数据块应用到波峰因子降低块；以及从波峰因子降低块提供经处理的数据块。所述基于块的波峰因子降低方法能够可选地为数据块而迭代执行多次。
在一个示例性的实施例中，数据样本块包括具有至少一个指针块的扩展块。可在从波峰因子降低块提供经处理的数据块之前丢弃额外的指针块。例如，所述至少一个指针块能够包括至少两个前指针块和一个后指针块。例如，能够仅仅在数据样本块中和在第一个前指针块中抵消峰值。
通过参考以下具体描述以及附图，将获得本发明的更完整的理解以及本发明的进一步的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1图解了采用本发明的多个方面的示例性发射机的一部分。
图2图解了按照本发明的用于基于块的波峰因子降低的软件实现的示例性伪码。
图3图解了在数据块上执行CFR的基于块的波峰因子降低级。
图4图解了按照本发明的实施例的块处理波峰因子降低。
图5图解了按照本发明的进一步的实施例的块处理波峰因子降低。
图6图解了示例性的用于波峰因子降低的硬件实现的基于块的峰值检测器和脉冲抵消器。
具体实施方式
图1图解了采用本发明的多个方面的示例性发射机的一部分。如图1中所示，示例性的发射机部分100包括信道滤波器和数字上变换（DUC）级110、波峰因子降低（CFR）级120、数字预失真（DPD）级130和可选的均衡级140。一般性地，信道滤波器和数字上变换级110执行信道滤波（使用例如有限脉冲响应（FIR）滤波器）和数字上变换以将数字化的基带信号转换成中频（IF）。如以上所指示的，波峰因子降低级120限制了所发送的信号的PAR。数字预失真级130线性化功率放大期以提高效率。均衡级140采用RF信道均衡以减轻信道损害。
本发明的一个方面认识到可在数据块上执行基于块的CFR处理以提高效率。例如，能够采用矢量引擎（VE）以在数据块上执行CFR。根据本发明的另一方面，为了确保数据块之间的处理的连续性，采用前指针和后指针块样本。如下面进一步讨论的，前指针和后指针块避免了其他情形下将由块处理引起的边缘效应。
本发明能够应用在手机、基站以及其他网络元素中。
图2图解了用于适当的波峰因子降低算法200的示例性伪码。注意到还可以采用任意可替代的波峰因子降低算法。如图2中所示，示例性波峰因子降低算法200包括三个部分，即峰值搜索阶段210、脉冲抵消阶段240和硬消波阶段280。示例性的波峰因子降低算法200能够在硬件中或者在软件中实现。
能够可选地迭代执行示例性的波峰因子降低算法200以应对峰值再生。例如，迭代的次数（N_iter）可具有1和4之间的典型值。一般性地，由于脉冲两侧上的振铃（传统上，将脉冲设计为具有多抽头的线性相位对称FIR滤波器），当抵消其他峰值而引入新的峰值时带来峰值再生。在中心抽头的两测有抽头。因而，可在当前或者过去的样本值中引入峰值。为了应付在过去的样本中引入的峰值，已有的CFR算法需要多个迭代以抵消所有峰值。
在峰值搜索阶段210期间，在信号上进行搜索以确定峰值数目、它们的位置以及阈值水平以上的幅度。示例性的波峰因子降低算法200初始地计算天线样本幅度。接着识别阈值以上的样本值。例如，可基于PAR目标来建立阈值。此后，使用例如max ()指令，能够识别峰值位置。
在脉冲抵消阶段240期间，将抵消脉冲安排在每一个峰值处，接着从峰值中减去所有脉冲。示例性的波峰因子降低算法200计算脉冲抵消增益（例如，阈值除以检测到的峰值的幅度）。此后，示例性的波峰因子降低算法200进入循环以单独地处理每一个峰值。对于每一个峰值，使用例如矢量乘法指令，生成脉冲，并且接着，使用例如矢量加法指令，从天线中抵消脉冲。
在硬消波阶段280期间，示例性的波峰因子降低算法200使用例如用于模量反算的非线性操作对输出波形硬消波。消波阈值水平R基于PAR目标来设置。使用例如极性消波技术，可以执行硬消波。一般性地，极性消波涉及计算|x|，将|x|与阈值R比较，以及通过R/|x|来比例换算。如果|x|大于R，则由R来替代x。
在进一步的变型中，波峰因子降低能够在频域中执行。
如以上所指示的，本发明的一个方面认识到CFR处理能够在数据块上执行以提高效率。例如，能够采用矢量引擎（VE）以在数据块上执行CFR。在软件实现中，通过在整个数据块350上而非在个别的数据样本310上分摊开销，块处理提高了效率。
图3图解了基于块的波峰因子降低级300，其在数据块上执行CFR。如图3中所示，将输入样本的一个或者更多个块310应用到基于块的波峰因子降低级300。如这里所使用的，输入样本310的块包括N个连续样本的集合。基于块的波峰因子降低级300生成一个或者更多个输出样本的输出块350。
图4图解了按照本发明的实施例的块处理波峰因子降低。如图4中所示，能够将数据块400应用到图2的波峰因子降低算法200。但是，如果在块400的边缘附近检测到峰值（诸如峰值405、415），当对应的抵消脉冲410、420的抽头延伸到数据块400外时将有边缘效应。
因而，根据本发明的另一方面，使用一个或者更多个前指针和/或后指针块样本来确保数据块之间的处理的连续性。图5图解了按照本发明的实施例的用于波峰因子降低的块处理500。如图5的示例性实施例中所示，在被应用到图2的示例性的波峰因子降低算法200之前，在正在处理的当前块550之前放置两个前指针510-1、510-2并且在当前的块550的末尾附加单个后指针块560。按照这一方式，块550的头部和末尾能够被处理，而不引入在其他情况下将由块处理引起的边缘效应。
在一个示例性的实施例中，将每一个指针块510、560的大小选择为与抵消脉冲410、420的一半的大小近似相等。此外，为了维持合适的开销量， 每一个数据块500的大小应该比每一个指针块510、560的大小大得多。一般性地，每一个数据块500的大小越大，需要的存储器越大并且潜伏时间越高。
前指针块510用来自之前的数据块的末尾的输入数据来填充并且后指针块560用来自后续数据块的起始的输入数据来填充。
在一个示例性的实施例中，检测和抵消峰值在块550中并且在第一前指针块510-1中，而不在后指针块560中，因为后指针块将在下一个块的处理期间被处理。仅仅需要与后指针块560相关联的后指针输入样本来抵消块550内的峰值。
此外，当在块550的左边缘处抵消峰值时，在第一前指针块510-1中产生峰值再生。因而，为了抵消第一前指针块510-1中的这些新的峰值，需要第二前指针块510-2（但是不在第二前指针块510-2中执行抵消）。
图6图解了用于波峰因子降低的硬件实现的示例性的基于块的峰值检测器和脉冲抵消器600。基于块的峰值检测器和脉冲抵消器600能够用于给定数据块550的一个或者更多个迭代。如图6中所示，将给定数据块550的扩展版本500应用到基于块的峰值检测器和脉冲抵消器600中。给定数据块550的扩展版本500包括数据块550、前指针块510和后指针块560。基于块的峰值检测器和脉冲抵消器600能够可选地使用反馈路径610以经处理的扩展版本来迭代。在最终的迭代之后，对应块550的对应的经处理的数据块从基于块的峰值检测器和脉冲抵消器600中输出（即，从输出中丢弃指针块510、560并且仅仅保留数据块550的经处理的版本）。
结论
虽然已经关于数字处理器中的数字逻辑块和存储表描述了本发明的示例性实施例，如对本领域技术人员将显而易见的，可以在数字域中将各种功能实现为软件程序中、通过电路元件或者状态机的硬件中、或者软件和硬件两者的组合中的处理步骤。例如，可以在数字信号处理器、专用集成电路或者微控制器中采用这样的软件。可以在实现在集成电路内的电路内具体化这样的硬件和软件。
因而，本发明的功能能够具体化为用于实践那些方法的方法和装置的形式。本发明的一个或者更多个方面可被具体化为程序代码的形式，例如，存储在存储媒介中、加载到机器中和/或由机器运行，其中，当将程序代码加载到机器中并且由机器运行时（所述机器诸如为处理器），机器成为用于实践本发明的装置。当在通用处理器上实现时，程序代码段结合处理器以提供与特定逻辑电路类似操作的设备。本发明还能够在集成电路、数字处理器、微处理器、和微控制器中的一个或者更多个中实现。
需要理解的是，这里示出的和描述的实施例和变型仅仅是本发明的原理的说明，并且本领域技术人员可以实现各种修改，而不脱离本发明的范围和精神。

Claims (13)

1.一种无线设备，包括：
存储器，所述存储器被配置为存储与数据流相关联的数据块；以及
基带处理器，所述基带处理器耦合到所述存储器，所述基带处理器被配置为：
响应于检测到所述数据块内的信号峰值，从所述数据流中用前指针数据块前置于所述数据块以产生组合数据块；
对所述组合数据块应用波峰因子降低（CFR）以抵消所述组合数据块内的信号峰值；以及
从所述组合数据块中删除所述前指针数据块以产生输出数据块。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线设备，其中，所述前指针数据块包括在所述数据流内在所述数据块之前被处理的数据。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无线设备，其中，所述信号峰值被布置在所述数据块的开始边界处或其附近。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无线设备，其中，为了应用所述CFR，所述基带处理器还被配置为：
执行数据块的峰值搜索以确定所述信号峰值的位置和幅度，所述信号峰值的幅度高于阈值幅度水平。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无线设备，其中，为了应用所述CFR，所述基带处理器还被配置为：
产生对应于所述信号峰值的抵消脉冲；以及
将所述抵消脉冲应用于所述信号峰值以产生输出波形。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无线设备，其中，为了应用所述CFR，所述基带处理器还被配置为：
使用消波阈值对所述输出波形进行硬消波，其中所述消波阈值是基于所述输出数据块的期望的峰均比（PAR）。
7.根据权利要求5所述的无线设备，其中，所述前指针块的宽度基本上等于所述抵消脉冲的宽度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无线设备，其中，所述基带处理器还被配置为：
在频域中将所述CFR应用于所述组合数据块。
9.根据权利要求1所述的无线设备，其中，所述基带处理器还被配置为：
对所述数据块迭代地执行多次所述CFR。
10.根据权利要求9所述的无线设备，还包括：
一个或多个天线；以及
发射机电路，所述发射机电路被配置为经由所述一个或多个天线发送射频（RF）信号，所述RF信号对应于所述输出数据块。
11.根据权利要求1所述的无线设备，其中，所述基带处理器还被配置为：
响应于检测到所述数据块内的所述信号峰值，从所述数据流中用前指针数据块前置于所述数据块，并且从所述数据流中用后指针数据块后置于所述数据块，从而产生所述组合数据块。
12.一种无线设备，包括：
存储器，所述存储器被配置为存储与数据流相关联的数据块；以及
基带处理器，所述基带处理器耦合到所述存储器，所述基带处理器被配置为：
检测所述数据块内的信号峰值，其中所述信号峰值在所述数据块的开始边界和结束边界之间；
响应于检测到所述数据块内的所述信号峰值，从所述数据流中用后指针数据块后置于所述数据块以产生组合数据块;
对所述组合数据块应用波峰因子降低（CFR）以抵消所述组合数据块内的所述信号峰值；以及
从所述组合数据块中删除所述后指针块以产生输出数据块。
13.根据权利要求12所述的无线设备，其中，所述后指针块包括在所述数据流内在所述数据块之后被处理的数据。
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