CN107080702A - 口腔护理产品及其使用和制备方法 - Google Patents
口腔护理产品及其使用和制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107080702A CN107080702A CN201611062958.9A CN201611062958A CN107080702A CN 107080702 A CN107080702 A CN 107080702A CN 201611062958 A CN201611062958 A CN 201611062958A CN 107080702 A CN107080702 A CN 107080702A
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- Prior art keywords
- composition
- arginine
- acid
- amino acid
- basic amino
- Prior art date
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 claims description 48
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- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
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- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/20—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- A61K8/21—Fluorides; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及口腔护理产品及其使用和制备方法。本发明涉及口腔护理组合物,其包含有效量的游离形式或盐形式的碱性氨基酸以及抗菌剂,本发明还涉及使用和制备此类组合物的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2008年3月28日,申请号为200880126708.4,发明名称为“口腔护理产品及其使用和制备方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本申请要求序列号为61/027,431(2008年2月8日提交)、61/027,432(2008年2月8日提交)和61/027,420(2008年2月8日提交)的美国申请的优先权,通过引用将其内容并入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及口腔护理组合物以及这些组合物的使用和制备方法,所述组合物包含游离形式或盐形式的碱性暴基酸和抗菌剂,例如三氯生。
发明背景
精氨酸和其它碱性氨基酸已被提议用于口腔护理,据信在抗击龋洞(cavity)形成和牙齿敏感方面具有明显益处。然而,将这些碱性氨基酸与具有口腔护理益处的矿物质(例如氟化物和钙)组合,以形成具有可接受的长期稳定性的口腔护理产品已经证明具有挑战性。具体而言,碱性氨基酸可提高pH并促进能够与氟离子反应而形成不溶性沉淀物的钙离子的离解。此外,较高的pH具有引起刺激的可能性。然而,在中性pH或酸性pH下,利用精氨酸碳酸氢盐(本领域教导其是优选的)的系统可释放二氧化碳,这导致容器膨胀并爆裂。此外,可预期降低pH至中性或酸性条件将降低制剂的功效,因为精氨酸可形成对牙齿表面具有较差亲和性的不溶性精氨酸-钙络合物,并且此外,降低pH将降低制剂可能具有的对缓冲口中致龋乳酸的任何影响。部分因为存在尚未解决的配制障碍,部分因为在本领域精氨酸通常被认为是氟化物的潜在替代物而不是共活性剂(co-active),因此很少有动机制备包含精氨酸和氟化物两者的口腔护理产品。其它障碍可能是由于添加抗微生物剂所造成的。市售基于精氨酸的牙膏(如和)例如含有精氨酸碳酸氢盐和碳酸钙,但是不含氟化物也不含任何抗微生物剂。
同时,许多牙医已认识到抗微生物剂(例如三氯生)在牙膏中的价值。然而,对牙齿和齿龈的这些药剂的递送有效量正面临挑战,并且它们在牙齿上的溶解性、递送和保持性依赖于制剂。例如,三氯生(5-氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯酚)仅仅微溶于水。
因此,对稳定的口腔护理产品存在需要,所述口腔护理产品提供碱性氨基酸,还提供有益的矿物质(例如氟化物和钙),以及增加抗微生物剂递送的产品。
发明概述
现在惊奇地发现,碱性氨基酸(例如精氨酸)可以显著地增强抗菌剂(例如三氯生)的溶解性、递送性、保持性和抗细菌效果。
因此,本发明包括口腔护理组合物和其使用方法,所述口腔护理组合物有效抑制或减少牙菌斑的累积、降低产酸(致龋)细菌的水平、使牙齿再矿化(remineralizing)以及抑制或减少龈炎。本发明还包括清洁口腔的组合物和方法,提供促进口腔健康和/或全身健康(包括心血管健康)的改进方法,例如,通过降低经由口腔组织的全身感染的可能性。
因此,本发明包括口腔护理组合物(本发明的组合物),例如洁齿剂,其包含:
i.有效量的游离形式或盐形式的碱性氨基酸,例如精氨酸;
ii.有效量的抗菌剂,例如三氯生;
任选地,本发明进一步包含阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠;有效量的氟化物源,例如可溶性的氟化盐;和/或阴离子聚合物,例如甲基乙烯基醚和马来酐的共聚物。因此,在一个实施方案中,本发明包括牙膏,其包含精氨酸盐,例如盐酸精氨酸、磷酸精氨酸或精氨酸碳酸氢盐;三氯生;阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠;可溶性氟化盐,例如单氟磷酸钠或氟化钠。
在一个实施方案中,本发明包括本发明的组合物(组合物1.1),其进一步包含颗粒,该组合物具有小于约200(例如小于约160,例如约40至约140)的RDA,例如包含至少约5%的颗粒,例如至少约20%的颗粒,所述颗粒具有小于约5微米的d50,例如,具有约3至约4微米的d50的二氧化硅,或具有约0.5至约3微米的d50的沉淀碳酸钙。
在具体实施方案中,本发明的组合物是洁齿剂形式,其包含选自水、磨料、表面活性剂、起泡剂、维生素、聚合物、酶、湿润剂、增稠剂、抗微生物剂、防腐剂、调味剂、着色剂和/或其组合中的一种或多种的另外成分。
无意受具体理论束缚,假设精氨酸的有益效果中的重要因素是精氨酸和其它碱性氨基酸可以被位于牙齿上和口腔中的某些类型的细菌代谢,所述细菌例如血链球菌(S.sanguis)(其不致龋,并且其与致龋细菌例如变异链球菌(S.mutans)竞争)。精氨酸水解细菌(arginolytic bacteria)可以利用精氨酸和其它碱性氨基酸来产生氨,从而提高其环境pH,而致龋细菌将糖代谢,以产生乳酸,乳酸倾向于降低牙菌斑pH,并且使牙齿去矿化(demineralize),最终导致龋洞。据信,随时间而规律性使用本发明组合物将导致精氨酸水解细菌的相对增加和致龋细菌的相对减少,导致较高的牙菌斑pH,有效地使牙齿免除致龋细菌和它们的有害影响。据信,这种提高pH的效果可以机械地从氟化物的效果中分离出来,并且在促进再矿化和强化牙釉质方面与氟化物的效果进行互补。
然而,不管确切机理如何,惊人地发现,在根据本发明具体实施方案的口腔护理产品中,氟化物和碱性氨基酸(例如精氨酸)的组合在促进再矿化、修复龋前损伤(pre-carious lesion)和增强口腔健康方面产生意想不到的益处,所述益处超过使用包含有效量的任何一种单独化合物的组合物所观察到的益处,并且具有质的区别。此外,发现可以通过加入小颗粒磨料来进一步增强这种作用,所述磨料可起帮助填充牙釉质中的微裂纹和牙本质中的微管的作用。
还惊奇地发现,存在碱性氨基酸可降低细菌对牙齿表面的附着,当提供碱性氨基酸与阴离子表面活性剂的组合时尤其如此。
与本发明特别相关地,碱性氨基酸充分增强抗微生物剂(例如三氯生)的溶解、释放、递送、沉积和有效性。
因此本发明进一步包括一种方法,其包括向需要其的对象的口腔施用有效量的口腔组合物,对口腔施用本发明组合物(例如通过对需要其的患者的口腔施用本发明组合物),以便(i)减少或抑制龋齿的形成,(ii)减少、修复或抑制早期牙釉质损伤,例如,如通过定量光导荧光(QLF)或电子龋齿测量(electrical caries measurement)(ECM)所检测的损伤,(iii)减少或抑制牙齿的去矿化并促进其再矿化,(iv)减轻牙齿过敏,(v)减少或抑制龈炎,(vi)促进口中溃疡(sores)或伤口(cuts)愈合,(vii)降低产酸细菌水平,(viii)提高精氨酸水解细菌的相对水平,(ix)抑制口腔中微生物生物膜的形成,(x)在糖攻击(sugarchallenge)后使牙菌斑pH升高和/或保持在至少pH 5.5的水平,(xi)减少牙菌斑累积,(xii)治疗、缓解或降低干口(dry mouth);(xiii)例如通过减少经由口腔组织的全身感染的可能性来增强全身健康,包括心血管健康,(xiv)减少牙齿侵蚀,(xv)增白牙齿,(xvi)使牙齿对致龋细菌产生免疫,或保护牙齿免除致龋细菌;和/或(xvii)清洁牙齿和口腔。
发明详述
因此,本发明包括口腔护理组合物(组合物1.0),其包含:
iii.有效量的游离形式或盐形式的碱性氨基酸(例如精氨酸);
iv.有效量的抗菌剂,例如三氯生;和
iii.任选地,阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠;有效量的氟化物源,例如可溶性的氟化盐;和/或阴离子聚合物,例如甲基乙烯基醚和马来酐的共聚物;
例如下列组合物中的任何种:
1.0.1.组合物1.0,其中碱性氨基酸是精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸(citrullene)、鸟氨酸、肌酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸酸、二氨基丙酸(diaminoproprionic acid)、其盐和/或其组合。
1.0.2.组合物1.0或1.0.1,其中碱性氨基酸具有L-构型。
1.0.3.前述组合物中的任何种,其以包含碱性氨基酸的二-或三-肽的盐形式提供。
1.0.4.前述组合物中的任何种,其中碱性氨基酸是精氨酸。
1.0.5.前述组合物中的任何种,其中碱性氨基酸是L-精氨酸。
1.0.6.前述组合物中的任何种,其中碱性氨基酸部分或完全是盐形式。
1.0.7.组合物1.0.6,其中碱性氨基酸是磷酸精氨酸。
1.0.8.组合物1.0.6,其中碱性氨基酸是盐酸精氨酸形式。
1.0.9.组合物1.0.6,其中碱性氨基酸是硫酸精氨酸。
1.0.10.组合物1.0.6,其中碱性氨基酸是精氨酸碳酸氢盐。
1.0.11.前述组合物中的任何种,其中通过用酸或酸的盐中和碱性氨基酸,在制剂中原位形成碱性氨基酸的盐。
1.0.12.前述组合物中的任何种,其中通过以下方式形成碱性氨基酸的盐:将碱性氨基酸中和,以形成预混合物,而后与氟化盐组合。
1.0.13.前述组合物中的任何种,其中碱性氨基酸的存在量相当于总组合物重量的约0.1至约20%,例如约1wt.%至约10wt.%,其中碱性氢基酸的重量以游离碱形式计算。
1.0.14.组合物1.0.11,其中碱性氢基酸的存在量为总组合物重量的约7.5wt.%。
1.0.15.组合物1.0.11,其中碱性氨基酸的存在量为总组合物重量的约5wt.%。
1.0.16.组合物1.0.11,其中碱性氨基酸的存在量为总组合物重量的约3.75wt.%。
1.0.17.组合物1.0.11,其中碱性氨基酸的存在量为总组合物重量的约1.5wt.%。
1.0.18.前述组合物中的任何种,其中氟化盐选自氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化胺(例如N′-十八烷基三亚甲基二胺-N,N,N′-三(2-乙醇)-二氢氟酸盐)、氟化铵、氟化钛、六氟硫酸盐、和其组合。
1.0.19.前述组合物中的任何种,其中氟化盐是氟磷酸盐。
1.0.20.前述组合物中的任何种,其中氟化盐是单氟磷酸钠。
1.0.21.前述组合物中的任何种,其中氟化盐是氟化钠。
1.0.22.前述组合物中的任何种,其中氟化盐的存在量为总组合物重量的约0.01wt.%至约2wt.%。
1.0.23.前述组合物中的任何种,其中氟化盐提供占总组合物重量的约0.1至约0.2wt.%的量的氟离子。
1.0.24.前述组合物中的任何种,其中可溶性氟化盐提供约50至约25,000ppm的量的氟离子。
1.0.25.前述组合物中的任何种,其是具有约100至约250ppm可利用氟离子的漱口剂。
1.0.26.前述组合物中的任何种,其是具有约750至约2000ppm可利用氟离子的洁齿剂。
1.0.27.前述组合物中的任何种,其中所述组合物包含约750至约2000ppm氟离子。
1.0.28.前述组合物中的任何种,其中所述组合物包含1000至约1500ppm氟离子。
1.0.29.前述组合物中的任何种,其中所述组合物包含约1450ppm氟离子。
1.0.30.前述组合物中的任何种,其中pH为约6至约9,例如约6.5至约7.4,或约7.5至约9。
1.0.31.前述组合物中的任何种,其中pH是约6.5至约7.4。
1.0.32.前述组合物中的任何种,其中pH是约6.8至约7.2。
1.0.33.前述组合物中的任何种,其中pH大约是中性的。
1.0.34.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含磨料或颗粒。
1.0.35. 1.0.34的组合物,其中所述磨料或颗粒选自碳酸氢钠、磷酸钙(例如磷酸氢钙二水合物)、硫酸钙、碳酸钙(例如沉淀碳酸钙)、二氧化硅(例如水合二氧化硅)、氧化铁、氧化铝、珍珠岩、塑料颗粒(例如聚乙烯)、和其组合。
1.0.36. 1.0.35的组合物,其中所述磨料或颗粒选自磷酸钙(例如磷酸氢钙二水合物)、硫酸钙、沉淀碳酸钙、二氧化硅(例如水合二氧化硅)、和其组合。
1.0.37.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含总组合物重量的约15wt.%至约70wt.%的量的磨料。
1.0.38.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含至少约5%的小颗粒磨料级分,具有小于约5微米的d50。
1.0.39.前述组合物中的任何种,其具有小于约150(例如约40至约140)的RDA。
1.0.40.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含抗牙石剂。
1.0.41.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含抗牙石剂,所述抗牙石剂是多磷酸盐,例如焦磷酸盐、三聚磷酸盐或六偏磷酸盐,例如钠盐形式。
1.0.42.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含至少一种表面活性剂。
1.0.43.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含至少一种选自月桂基硫酸钠、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱和其组合的表面活性剂。
1.0.44.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含阴离子表面活性剂。
1.0.45.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含月桂基硫酸钠。
1.0.46.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含至少一种湿润剂。
1.0.47.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含至少一种选自甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇和其组合的湿润剂。
1.0.48.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含木糖醇。
1.0.49.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含至少一种聚合物。
1.0.50.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含至少一种选自以下的聚合物:聚乙二醇、聚乙烯基甲基醚马来酸共聚物、多糖(例如纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素;或多糖胶,例如黄原胶或卡拉胶)、和其组合。
1.0.51.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含胶条或碎片(fragments)。
1.0.52.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含调味剂、香料和/或着色剂。
1.0.53.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含水。
1.0.54.前述组合物中的任何种,其包含选自以下的抗菌剂:卤代二苯醚(例如三氯生)、草药提取物和精油(例如迷迭香提取物、茶提取物、木兰提取物、百里酚、薄荷醇、桉叶醇、香叶醇、香芹酚、柠檬醛、日柏酚、儿茶酚、水杨酸甲酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、没食子酸、miswak提取物、沙棘提取物)、双胍(bisguanide)抗菌剂(例如氯己定、阿来西定或奥替尼啶)、季铵化合物(例如西吡氯铵(CPC)、苯扎氯铵、氯化十四烷基吡啶鎓(TPC)、氯化N-十四烷基-4-乙基吡啶鎓(TDEPC))、酚类抗菌剂、海克替啶、奥替尼啶、血根碱、聚维酮碘、地莫匹醇、辛酰水杨酸(salifluor)、金属离子(例如锌盐,例如柠檬酸锌;亚锡盐;铜盐;铁盐)、血根碱、蜂胶和氧化剂(例如过氧化氢、缓冲的过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠)、邻苯二甲酸及其盐、单过氧邻苯二甲酸(monoperthalic acid)及其盐和酯、硬脂酸抗坏血酸酯、油酰肌氨酸、烷基硫酸酯/盐、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、水杨酸苯胺、度米芬(domiphen bromide)、地莫匹醇、辛哌醇及其它哌啶基衍生物、乳酸链球菌肽制剂(nicin preparations)、亚氯酸盐、和上述任何种的混合物。
1.0.55.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含抗炎化合物,例如至少一种选自以下的宿主促炎因子的抑制剂:基质金属蛋白酶(MMP′s)、环氧合酶(COX)、PGE2、白介素1(IL-1)、IL-1β转化酶(ICE)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、诱导型氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、透明质酸酶、组织蛋白酶、核因子κB(NF-κB)和IL-1受体相关激酶(IRAK),所述抗炎化合物例如选自阿司匹林、酮咯酸、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、萘普生、吲哚美辛、阿司匹林、酮洛芬、吡罗昔康、甲氯灭酸、去甲二氢化愈创木酸(nordihydoguaiaretic acid)和其混合物。
1.0.56.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含抗氧化剂,例如选自辅酶Q10、PQQ、维生素C、维生素E、维生素A、茴香脑-二硫代硫酮(anethole-dithiothione)和其混合物。
1.0.57.前述组合物中的任何种,其包含抗菌剂,所述抗菌剂溶解性差,例如不超过三氯生的溶解性。
1.0.58.前述组合物中的任何种,其中所述抗菌剂包括三氯生。
1.0.59.前述组合物中的任何种,其包含三氯生和木糖醇。
1.0.60.前述组合物中的任何种,其包含三氯生、木糖醇和沉淀碳酸钙。
1.0.61.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含三氯生和Zn2+离子源,例如柠檬酸锌。
1.0.62.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含总组合物重量的约0.01至约5wt.%量的抗菌剂。
1.0.63.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含总组合物重量的约0.01至约1wt.%量的三氯生。
1.0.64.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含总组合物重量的约0.3%量的三氯生。
1.0.65.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含增白剂。
1.0.66.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含选自增白活性物质的增白剂,所述增白活性物质选自过氧化物、金属亚氯酸盐、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸、次氯酸盐和其组合。
1.0.67.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含过氧化氢或过氧化氢源,例如过氧化脲或过氧化物盐或复合物(例如过氧磷酸盐、过氧碳酸盐、过硼酸盐、过氧硅酸盐或过硫酸盐;例如过氧磷酸钙、过硼酸钠、过氧碳酸钠、过氧磷酸钠和过硫酸钾);或过氧化氢聚合物复合物,例如过氧化氢-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮聚合物复合物。
1.0.68.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含干扰或防止细菌附着的试剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或壳聚糖。
1.0.69.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含选自以下的钙和磷酸根来源:(i)钙-玻璃复合物,例如磷硅酸钠钙(calcium sodium phosphosilicate);和(ii)钙-蛋白复合物,例如酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙。
1.0.70.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含可溶性钙盐,例如选自硫酸钙、氯化钙、硝酸钙、乙酸钙、乳酸钙和其组合。
1.0.71.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含生理学上可接受的钾盐,例如硝酸钾或氯化钾,其量有效降低牙本质敏感。
1.0.72.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含约0.1%至约7.5%的生理学上可接受的钾盐,例如硝酸钾和/或氯化钾。
1.0.73.前述组合物中的任何种,其是包含以下物质的牙膏:精氨酸盐,例如盐酸精氨酸、磷酸精氨酸或精氨酸碳酸氢盐;三氯生;阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠;和可溶性氟化盐,例如单氟磷酸钠或氟化钠。
1.0.74.前述组合物中的任何种,用例如牙刷有效将其施用于口腔,以便(i)减少或抑制龋齿的形成;(ii)减少、修复或抑制牙釉质的龋前损伤,例如,如通过定量光导荧光(QLF)或电子龋齿测量(ECM)所检测的损伤;(iii)减少或抑制牙齿的去矿化并促进其再矿化;(iv)减轻牙齿过敏;(v)减少或抑制龈炎;(vi)促进口中溃疡或伤口愈合;(vii)降低产酸细菌水平;(viii)增加精氨酸水解细菌的相对水平;(ix)抑制口腔内微生物生物膜的形成;(x)在糖攻击后使牙菌斑pH升高和/或保持在至少pH 5.5的水平;(xi)减少牙菌斑的累积;(xii)减少干口;(xiii)清洁牙齿和口腔;(xiv)减少侵蚀;(xv)增白牙齿;和/或(xvi)使牙齿对致龋细菌免疫。
1.0.75.通过将前述组合物中的任何种中所描述成分组合而获得或可获得的组合物。
1.0.76.前述组合物中的任何种,其为选自以下的形式:漱口剂、牙膏、牙凝胶、牙粉、无磨料凝胶(non-abrasive gel)、摩丝、泡沫体、口腔喷雾剂、糖锭、口服片剂、牙科工具和宠物护理产品。
1.0.77.前述组合物中的任何种,其中该组合物是牙膏。
1.0.78.前述组合物中的任何种,其中所述组合物是任选进一步包含下列中的一种或多种的牙膏:水、磨料、表面活性剂、起泡剂、维生素、聚合物、酶、湿润剂、增稠剂、抗微生物剂、防腐剂、调味剂、着色剂和/或其组合。
1.0.79.前述组合物1.0-1.0.76中的任何种,其中组合物是漱口剂。
1.0.80.前述组合物中的任何种,其进一步包含呼吸清新剂、香料或调味剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括本发明组合物(组合物1.1),例如,根据前述组合物1.0-1.0.80中的任何种,其包含:
i.有效量的碱性氨基酸的盐;
ii.有效量的可溶性氟化盐;
iii.阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠;
iv.阴离子聚合物,例如,甲基乙烯基醚和马来酐的共聚物;和
v.抗菌剂,例如三氯生。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括本发明组合物(组合物1.2),例如,根据前述组合物1.0-1.0.80中的任何种,其包含:
i.有效量的碱性氨基酸的盐;
ii.抗菌剂,例如三氯生;
iii.有效量的可溶性氟化盐;和
iv.小颗粒磨料,以致组合物的RDA小于约160,例如约40至约140,
例如包含至少约5%(例如至少约20%)的d50小于约5微米的磨料,
例如,具有约3至约4微米的d50的二氧化硅。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括改善口腔健康的方法(方法2),其包括对需要其的对象的口腔施用有效量的组合物1.0、1.1或1.2项下的任何实施方案的口腔组合物,例如一种方法,以便:
i.减少或抑制龋齿的形成,
ii.减少、修复或抑制早期牙釉质损伤,例如,如通过定量光导荧光(QLF)或电子龋齿测量(ECM)所检测的损伤,
iii.减少或抑制牙齿的去矿化并促进其再矿化,
iv.减轻牙齿过敏,
v.减少或抑制龈炎,
vi.促进口中溃疡或伤口愈合,
vii.降低产酸细菌水平,
viii.增加精氨酸水解细菌的相对水平,
ix.抑制口腔内微生物生物膜的形成,
x.在糖攻击后使牙菌斑pH升高和/或保持在至少pH 5.5的水平,
xi.减少牙菌斑的累积,
xii.治疗、缓解或减少干口,
xiii.例如通过减少经由口腔组织的全身感染的可能性来增强全身健康,包括心血管健康,
xiv.增白牙齿,
xv.减少牙齿侵蚀,
xvi.使牙齿对致龋细菌免疫,和/或
xvii.清洁牙齿和口腔。
本发明进一步包括精氨酸在制备本发明组合物中的用途,所述组合物例如用于方法2中所列出的任何适应症。
本发明进一步提供口腔护理组合物,其包含游离形式或盐形式的碱性氨基酸和用于对象口腔的抗菌治疗的抗菌剂。
本发明进一步提供口腔护理组合物,其包含抗菌剂和游离形式或盐形式的用于增强抗菌剂至对象口腔中口表面的递送的碱性氨基酸。
本发明进一步提供游离形式或盐形式的碱性氨基酸在包含抗菌剂的口腔护理组合物中的用途,用于增强抗菌剂至对象口腔中口表面的递送;以及提供游离形式或盐形式的碱性氨基酸在制备包含抗菌剂的药物中的用途,用于增强抗菌剂至对象口腔中口表面的递送。
本发明进一步提供增强口腔护理组合物中的抗菌剂递送至对象口腔中口表面的递送的方法,该方法包括用包含抗菌剂和游离形式或盐形式的碱性氨基酸的口腔护理组合物治疗口腔。
因此口腔护理领域的技术人员可以看到,由根据本发明的一个或多个方面的口腔护理组合物(例如洁齿剂)的制剂和使用产生增强抗菌剂递送至牙齿的惊人技术效果和优点,所述方面涉及提供组合物中活性组分或成分的组合,优选提供它们各自的量。
抗菌剂可以选自卤代二苯醚(例如三氯生)、草药提取物和精油(例如迷迭香提取物、茶提取物、木兰提取物、百里酚、薄荷醇、桉叶醇、香叶醇、香芹酚、柠檬醛、日柏酚、儿茶酚、水杨酸甲酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、没食子酸、miswak提取物、沙棘提取物)、双胍抗菌剂(例如氯己定、阿来西定或奥替尼啶)、季铵化合物(例如西吡氯铵(CPC)、苯扎氯铵、氯化十四烷基吡啶鎓(TPC)、氯化N-十四烷基-4-乙基吡啶鎓(TDEPC))、酚类抗菌剂、海克替啶、奥替尼啶、血根碱、聚维酮碘、地莫匹醇、辛酰水杨酸、金属离子(例如锌盐,例如柠檬酸锌;亚锡盐;铜盐;铁盐)、血根碱、蜂胶和氧化剂(例如过氧化氢、缓冲的过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠)、邻苯二甲酸及其盐、单过氧邻苯二甲酸及其盐和酯、硬脂酸抗坏血酸酯、油酰肌氨酸、烷基硫酸酯/盐、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、水杨酸苯胺、度米芬、地莫匹醇、辛哌醇及其它哌啶基衍生物、乳酸链球菌肽制剂、亚氯酸盐、和上述任何种的混合物。
组合物可以进一步包含抗炎化合物,例如至少一种选自以下的宿主促炎因子的抑制剂:基质金属蛋白酶(MMP′s)、环氧合酶(COX)、PGE2、白介素1(IL-1)、IL-1β转化酶(ICE)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、诱导型氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、透明质酸酶、组织蛋白酶、核因子κB(NF-κB)和IL-1受体相关激酶(IRAK),所述抗炎化合物例如选自阿司匹林、酮咯酸、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、萘普生、吲哚美辛、阿司匹林、酮洛芬、吡罗昔康、甲氯灭酸、去甲二氢化愈创木酸和其混合物。组合物可以另外或进一步包含抗氧化剂,例如选自辅酶Q10、PQQ、维生素C、维生素E、维生素A、茴香脑-二硫代硫酮和其混合物。
具体活活性成分水平将基于递送系统的性质以及特定的活性物质而变化。例如,碱性氨基酸可以以例如约0.1至约20wt%(以游离碱的重量表示)的水平存在,例如,对于漱口剂,约0.1至约3wt%;对于消费用牙膏,约1至约10wt%;或者对于专业或处方治疗产品,约7至约20wt%。氟化物可以以例如约25至约25,000ppm的水平存在,例如,对于漱口剂,约25至约250ppm;对于消费用牙膏,约750至约2,000ppm;或者对于专业或处方治疗产品,约2,000至约25,000ppm。抗菌剂的水平将类似地变化,其中牙膏中使用的水平例如是漱口剂中使用的水平的约5至约15倍。例如,三氯生漱口剂可以含有例如约0.03wt%三氯生,而三氯生牙膏可以含有约0.3wt%三氯生。
性碱氨基酸
在本发明的组合物和方法中可以使用的碱性氨基酸不仅包括天然存在的碱性氨基酸,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸,还包括在分子中具有羧基和氨基的任何碱性氨基酸,其是水溶性的并且提供pH为约7或更大的水溶液。
因此,碱性氨基酸包括但不限于精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸(citrullene)、鸟氨酸、肌酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸(diaminoproprionic acid)、它们的盐或它们的组合。在具体实施方案中,碱性氨基酸选自精氨酸、瓜氨酸和鸟氨酸。
在某些实施方案中,碱性氢基酸是精氨酸(例如L-精氨酸)或其盐。
在一些实施方案中,碱性氨基酸包括至少一种在精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统中产生的中间体。在精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统中产生的中间体可用于口腔护理组合物,以提供牙菌斑中和,用于控制和/或预防龋齿。精氨酸是可以在口腔中发现的天然碱性氨基酸。口腔中的精氨酸可被某些牙菌斑细菌菌株利用供其存活,所述细菌例如血链球菌(S.sanguis)、格氏链球菌(S.gordonii)、副血链球菌(S.parasanguis)、仓鼠链球菌(S.rattus)、米氏链球菌(S.milleri)、咽峡炎链球菌(S.anginosus)、粪链球菌(S.faecalis)、内氏放线菌(A.naeslundii)、龋齿放线菌(A.odonolyticus)、纤维二糖乳杆菌(L.cellobiosus)、短乳杆菌(L.brevis)、发酵乳杆菌(L.fermentum)、牙龈卟啉菌(P.gingivalis)和齿垢密螺旋体(T.denticola)。此类有机体可以在可能存在于接近牙齿表面的区域的酸性环境中腐烂,在所述区域中产酸和耐酸的致龋菌株可使用糖来产生有机酸。因此,这些精氨酸水解菌株可以将精氨酸分解为氨,以提供存活的碱度,另外,缓冲牙菌斑,并制造对于致龋系统不利的环境。
此类精氨酸水解有机体可通过内部细胞酶途径系统(称为“精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统”)分解代谢精氨酸,由此形成该途径中的中间体。在该途径中,可通过精氨酸脱亚胺酶将L-精氨酸分解为L-瓜氨酸和氨。然后在无机磷酸盐的存在下,可通过鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶将L-瓜氨酸分解为L-鸟氨酸和氨甲酰磷酸。然后氨基甲酸激酶可分解氨甲酰磷酸,以形成另一分子的氨和二氧化碳,并且在该过程中还形成ATP(腺苷5’-三磷酸)。精氨酸水解细菌可使用ATP作为生长用能量来源。相应地,当使用时,精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统可产生两分子氨。
在一些实施方案中,已发现,氨可以帮助中和口腔牙菌斑pH,以控制和/或预防龋齿。
本发明一些实施方案的口腔护理组合物可包括该精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统中产生的中间体。此类中间体可包括瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸和氨甲酰磷酸。在一些实施方案中,其它护理组合物包含瓜氨酸。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含鸟氨酸。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含氨甲酰磷酸。在其它实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、氨甲酰磷酸和/或由精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统所产生的其它中间体的任何组合。
口腔护理组合物可包含有效量的上述中间体。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含约1mmol/L至约10mmol/L的中间体。在其它实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含约3mmol/L至约7mmol/L的中间体。在其它实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含约5mmol/L的中间体。
本发明的组合物有意在口中局部使用,因此在所提供的量和浓度下,用于本发明中的盐对于此类使用应当是安全的。合适的盐包括本领域已知为药学上可接受盐的盐,通常认为其在所提供的量和浓度下是生理学上可接受的。生理学上可接受的盐包括衍生自药学上可接受的无机酸或碱或有机酸或碱的那些盐,例如由形成生理学上可接受的阴离子的酸形成的酸加成盐,例如盐酸盐或氢溴酸盐;以及由形成生理学上可接受的阳离子的碱形成的碱加成盐,例如衍生自诸如钾和钠之类的碱金属或诸如钙和镁之类的碱土金属的那些盐。可以使用本领域已知的标准程序获得生理学上可接受的盐,例如通过使足够碱性的化合物(例如胺)与提供生理学上可接受的阴离子的合适的酸反应获得。
在各种实施方案中,碱性氢基酸的存在量是总组合物重量的约0.5wt.%至约20wt.%,总组合物重量的约1wt.%至约10wt.%,例如总组合物重量的约1.5wt.%、约3.75wt.%、约5wt.%或约7.5wt.%。
RDA:RDA是放射性牙本质磨损值的缩写,其是磨损度的相对度量。通常,将提取的人或牛牙齿在中子流中照射,装在甲基丙烯酸甲酯(骨胶)中,剥去牙釉质,插入刷洗机(brushing machine)中,按美国牙科协会(American Dental Association)(ADA)标准进行刷洗(参比牙刷,150g压力,1500次(strokes),4∶1水-牙膏浆液)。然后测量并记录冲洗水的放射性。对于实验对照,使用焦磷酸钙制备的ADA参比牙膏重复该试验,将该测量赋予100的值,以校准相对比例。
氟离子源
口腔护理组合物可进一步包含一种或多种氟离子源,例如可溶性氟化盐。在本发明组合物中可采用各种产生氟离子的物质作为可溶性氟化物来源。合适的产生氟离子的物质的例子见于美国专利No.3,535,421(Briner等人);美国专利No.4,885,155(Parran,Jr.等人)和美国专利No.3,678,154(Widder等人),通过引用将它们并入本文。
代表性的氟离子源包括但不限于氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化胺、氟化铵和其组合。在某些实施方案中,氟离子源包括氟化亚锡、氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠及其混合物。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的口腔护理组合物还可含有氟离子源或提供氟的成分,其量足以提供约25ppm至约25,000ppm的氟离子,通常至少约500ppm,例如约500至约2000ppm,例如约1000至约1600ppm,例如约1450ppm。氟离子的适当水平将取决于具体应用。例如,漱口剂典型地含有约100至约250ppm氟离子。一般消费者使用的牙膏典型地具有约1000至约1500ppm,儿童牙膏中的含量略少。专业应用的洁齿剂或涂层(coating)可以具有多达约5,000或约25,000ppm氟离子。
可以将氟离子源加入到本发明的组合物中,以所述组合物重量计其水平在一个实施方案中为约0.01wt.%至约10wt.%,或在另一个实施方案中为约0.03wt.%至约5wt.%,在另一个实施方案中为约0.1wt.%至约1wt.%。提供适当氟离子水平的氟化盐的重量将明显基于该盐中抗衡离子的重量而变化。
磨料
本发明组合物可包含磷酸钙磨料,例如磷酸三钙(Ca3(PO4)2)、羟磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)或磷酸氢钙二水合物(CaHPO4·2H2O,本文有时还称为DiCal)或焦磷酸钙。或者,碳酸钙(尤其沉淀碳酸钙)可用作磨料。
组合物可以包含一种或多种另外的磨料,例如二氧化硅磨料,例如平均粒度为至多约20微米的沉淀二氧化硅,例如Zeodent (由J.M.Huber销售)。其它有用的磨料还包括偏磷酸钠、偏磷酸钾、硅酸铝、煅烧氧化铝、膨润土或其它含硅物质、或其组合。
本文使用的二氧化硅磨蚀抛光(abrasive polishing)物质以及其它磨料通常具有约0.1至约30微米、约5至约15微米的平均粒度。二氧化硅磨料可来自沉淀二氧化硅或硅胶,例如美国专利No.3,538,230(Pader等人)和美国专利No.3,862,307(Digiulio)(通过引用将两者并入本文)中描述的二氧化硅干凝胶。具体的二氧化硅干凝胶由W.R.Grace&Co.,Davison Chemical Division以商品名销售。沉淀二氧化硅物质包括由J.M.HuberCorp.以商品名销售的那些,包括名称为Zeodent 115和119的二氧化硅。这些二氧化硅磨料描述于美国专利No.4,340,583(Wason)中,通过引用将其并入本文。
在某些实施方案中,在根据本发明的口腔护理组合物的实践中使用的磨料物质包括硅胶和沉淀无定形二氧化硅,其油吸值小于约100cc/100g二氧化硅,并在约45cc/100g至约70cc/100g二氧化硅范围内。使用ASTM Rub-Out Method D281测定油吸值。在某些实施方案中,二氧化硅为胶体颗粒,其平均粒度为约3微米至约12微米、约5至约10微米。
在具体实施方案中,磨料物质包含大量的非常小的颗粒,例如具有小于约5微米的d50,例如具有约3至约4微米的d50的小颗粒二氧化硅(SPS),例如Sorbosil (Ineos)。此类小颗粒尤其有用于目标为减少过敏的制剂。小颗粒组分可与第二种较大的颗粒磨料组合存在。在某些实施方案中,例如制剂包含约3至约8%小颗粒,例如SPS和约25至约45%的常规磨料。
特别有用于本发明实践的低吸油二氧化硅磨料由Davison Chemical Divisionof W.R.Grace&Co.,Baltimore,Md.21203以商品名称Sylodent 销售。Sylodent650是由胶体二氧化硅的颗粒组成的二氧化硅水凝胶,其水含量为29重量%,平均直径为约7至约10微米,油吸收小于约70cc/100g二氧化硅,是有用于本发明实践的低吸油二氧化硅磨料的例子。磨料以约10至约60重量%(在其它实施方案中为约20至约45重量%,在另一个实施方案中为约30至约50重量%)的浓度存在于本发明口腔护理组合物中。
在一些实施方案中,将碱性氨基酸并入洁齿剂组合物中,所述洁齿剂组合物具有包含碳酸钙(尤其沉淀碳酸钙)作为磨料的基础配方。L-精氨酸和精氨酸盐(例如精氨酸碳酸氢盐)本身具有明显的味苦,并且在水溶液中还可呈现鱼腥味。因此,预期当以赋予防蛀(anticavity)功效和缓解敏感的有效浓度(基于洁齿剂制剂的总重量计,典型的量为2至10wt%)将L-精氨酸或精氨酸盐并入口腔护理产品(例如洁齿剂制剂)中时,与没有加入L-精氨酸或精氨酸盐的相同制剂相比,洁齿剂制剂的味道和口感可能降低。
然而,惊奇地发现,根据本发明的该方面,向包含碳酸钙的基础洁齿剂制剂中加入L-精氨酸或精氨酸盐可为洁齿剂制剂提供显著增强的味道和口感特征,并且提高消费者对产品的整体接受性。
增加起泡量的试剂
本发明口腔护理组合物还可以包含增加刷洗口腔时所产生的泡沫量的试剂。
增加泡沫量的试剂的示例性例子包括但不限于聚氧乙烯和某些聚合物(包括但不限于海藻酸盐聚合物)。
聚氧乙烯可增加本发明口腔护理载体组分所产生的泡沫量和泡沫厚度。聚氧乙烯通常还称为聚乙二醇(“PEG”)或聚环氧乙烷。适合于本发明的聚氧乙烯具有约200,000至约7,000,000的分子量。在一个实施方案中,分子量为约600,000至约2,000,000,在另一个实施方案中,分子量为约800,000至约1,000,000。是由Union Carbide生产的高分子量聚氧乙烯的商品名。
聚氧乙烯的存在量可以是本发明口腔护理组合物的口腔护理载体组分的约1%至约90重量%,在一个实施方案中为约5%至约50重量%,在另一个实施方案中为约10%至约20重量%。在口腔护理组合物中的起泡剂的剂量(即,单剂量)是约0.01至约0.9重量%,约0.05至约0.5重量%,在另一个实施方案中为约0.1至约0.2重量%。
表面活性剂
任选包含在本发明口腔护理组合物中的另一种试剂是表面活性剂或相容性表面活性剂的混合物。合适的表面活性剂是在宽泛pH范围内相当稳定的那些表面活性剂,例如阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂或两性离子表面活性剂。
合适的表面活性剂更充分地描述于例如美国专利No.3,959,458(Agricola等人)、美国专利No.3,937,807(Haefele)和美国专利No.4,051,234(Gieske等人)中,通过引用将其并入本文。
在某些实施方案中,有用于本文的阴离子表面活性剂包括在烷基中具有约10至约18个碳原子的烷基硫酸酯的水溶性盐以及具有约10至约18个碳原子的脂肪酸的磺化甘油一酯的水溶性盐。月桂基硫酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠和椰油甘油一酯磺酸钠是这种类型的阴离子表面活性剂的例子。还可以使用阴离子表面活性剂的混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,可将有用于本发明的阳离子表面活性剂广义定义为脂族季铵化合物的衍生物,其具有一个含有约8至约18个碳原子的长烷基链,例如月桂基三甲基氯化铵、氯化十六烷基呲啶鎓、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、二-异丁基苯氧基乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵、椰油烷基三甲基亚硝酸铵、氟化十六烷基吡啶鎓和其混合物。
说明性的阳离子表面活性剂是描述于美国专利No.3,535,421(Briner等人)中的氟化季铵,通过引用将其并入本文。某些阳离子表面活性剂还可以在组合物中用作杀菌剂。
可将可用于本发明组合物的示例性非离子表面活性剂广义定义为由环氧烷基团(亲水性质)与可以是脂族或烷基芳族性质的有机疏水化合物缩合而产生的化合物。合适的非离子表面活性剂的例子包括但不限于普流罗尼克类(Pluronics)、烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物、环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷和乙二胺的反应产物缩合产生的产物、脂族醇的环氧乙烷缩合物、长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物、长链二烷基亚砜、和此类物质的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,可将有用于本发明的两性离子合成表面活性剂广义描述为脂族季铵、鏻和锍化合物的衍生物,其中脂族烃基可以是直链或支链的,且其中脂族取代基之一含有约8至约18个碳原子,且一个含阴离子水-增溶基,例如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。适于包含在所述组合物中的表面活性剂的示例性例子包括但不限于烷基硫酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱和失水山梨醇聚氧乙烯(20)醚月桂酸酯(polysorbate 20)和其组合。
在具体实施方案中,本发明组合物包含阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠。
表面活性剂或相容性表面活性剂的混合物可以总组合物重量的约0.1%至约5.0%(在另一个实施方案中为约0.3%至约3.0%,在另一个实施方案中为约0.5%至约2.0%)的量存在于本发明组合物中。
调味剂
本发明口腔护理组合物还可包含调味剂。在本发明实践中使用的调味剂包括但不限于精油以及各种调味醛、酯、醇和类似的物质。所述精油的例子包括留兰香油、薄荷油、冬青油、黄樟油、丁香油、鼠尾草油、桉树油、甘牛至油、肉桂油、柠檬油、酸橙油、葡萄柚油和柑桔油。还有用的是诸如薄荷醇、香芹酮和茴香脑之类的化学品。某些实施方案采用薄荷和留兰香的油。
将调味剂并入口腔组合物中,其浓度为约0.1至约5重量%,约0.5至约1.5重量%。在单独口腔护理组合物剂量中的调味剂的剂量(即,单剂量)是约0.001至约0.05重量%,在另一个实施方案中为约0.005至约0.015重量%。
螯合剂
本发明口腔护理组合物还可以任选包含一种或多种能够将细菌的细胞壁中所发现的钙络合的螯合剂。这种钙结合会削弱细菌细胞壁,并且增进细菌裂解。
适合在本发明中用作螯合剂的另一组试剂是可溶性焦磷酸盐。本组合物中使用的焦磷酸盐可以是任何碱金属焦磷酸盐。在某些实施方案中,盐包括四碱金属焦磷酸盐、二碱金属二酸焦磷酸盐、三碱金属单酸焦磷酸盐和其混合物,其中碱金属是钠或钾。盐可以其水合形式和未水合形式使用。本组合物中使用的焦磷酸盐的有效量通常足够提供至少约1.0wt.%焦磷酸根离子,约1.5wt.%至约6wt.%此类离子,约3.5wt.%至约6wt.%此类离子。
聚合物
本发明口腔护理组合物还任选包含一种多种聚合物,例如聚乙二醇、聚乙烯基甲基醚马来酸共聚物、多糖(例如纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素;或多糖胶,例如黄原胶或卡拉胶)。酸性聚合物(例如聚丙烯酸酯凝胶)可以其游离酸形式或部分或完全中和的水溶性碱金属(例如钾和钠)或铵盐形式提供。
尤其,当非阳离子型抗菌剂或抗菌剂(例如三氯生)包含在任何洁齿剂组分中时,也优选包含约0.05%至约5%的增强所述抗菌剂向口腔表面递送和保留以及增强其在口腔表面上的保留的试剂。用于本发明中的此类试剂公开在美国专利No.5,188,821和5,192,531中;并且包括合成的阴离子聚合聚羧酸酯,例如马来酐或马来酸与另一种可聚合烯键式不饱和单体的约1∶4至约4∶1共聚物,优选分子量(M.W.)为约30,000至约1,000,000(最优选约30,000至约800,000)的甲基乙烯基醚/马来酐。这些共聚物例如以Gantrez.可得,例如AN139(M.W.500,000)、AN 119(M.W.250,000),优选S-97药品级(M.W.700,000),可得自ISPTechnologies,Inc.,Bound Brook,N.J.08805。增强剂当存在时,以约0.05重量%至约3重量%的量存在。
其它有效的聚合物包括例如马来酐与丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙烯的1∶1共聚物,后者可作为例如Monsanto EMA No.1103(M.W.10,000)和EMA Grade 61得到;和丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯、异丁基乙烯基醚或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的1∶1共聚物。
通常合适的是聚合的烯属或烯键式不饱和羧酸,其含有活化的碳-碳烯属双键和至少一个羧基,即,含有烯属双键的酸,所述双键在聚合中容易起作用,因为其相对于羧基位于α-β位置,或作为末端亚甲基的一部分存在于单体分子中。此类酸的例子是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯代丙烯酸、巴豆酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯代山梨酸、肉桂酸、β-苯乙烯基丙烯酸、黏康酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、甲基富马酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、α-苯基丙烯酸、2-苄基丙烯酸、2-环己基丙烯酸、欧白芷酸、伞形酸、富马酸、马来酸和所述酸的酸酐。可与此类羧酸单体共聚的其它不同烯属单体包括乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯、马来酸二甲酯等。共聚物含有足够的羧酸盐基团以具有水溶性。
另一类聚合试剂包括含有取代丙烯酰胺的均聚物和/或不饱和磺酸和其盐的均聚物的组合物,尤其是基于不饱和磺酸的聚合物,所述不饱和磺酸选自丙烯酰胺基烷磺酸,例如2-丙烯酰胺-2甲基丙磺酸,其分子量为约1,000至约2,000,000,描述于美国专利No.4,842,847(1989年6月27日,Zahid)中,通过引用将该专利并入本文中。
另一类有用的聚合物试剂包括聚氨基酸,尤其是含有一定比例的阴离子表面活性氨基酸(例如美国专利No.4,866,161(Sikes等人)公开的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和磷酸丝氨酸)的那些,通过引用将该专利并入本文中。
在制备口腔护理组合物时,有时必需加入一些增稠物质,以提供合乎需要的粘稠度或稳定或增强制剂的性能。在某些实施方案中,增稠剂是羧乙烯基聚合物、卡拉胶、羟乙基纤维素和纤维素醚的水溶性盐,例如羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基羟乙基纤维素钠。还可以并入天然胶,例如刺梧桐胶、阿拉伯胶和黄芪胶。胶体硅酸铝镁或二氧化硅细粉可用作增稠组合物的组分,以进一步改善组合物的质地。在某些实施方案中,增稠剂的使用量是总组合物重量的约0.5%至约5.0%。
酶
本发明口腔护理组合物还可任选包含一种或多种酶。有用的酶包括任何可利用的蛋白酶、葡聚糖水解酶、内切糖苷酶、淀粉酶、变聚糖酶、脂酶和粘蛋白酶、或它们的相容性混合物。在某些实施方案中,所述酶是蛋白酶、葡聚糖酶、内切糖苷酶和变聚糖酶。在另一个实施方案中,所述酶是木瓜蛋白酶、内切糖苷酶或葡聚糖酶与变聚糖酶的混合物。适合在本发明中使用的其它酶公开于美国专利No.5,000,939(Dring等人)、美国专利No.4,992,420、美国专利No.4,355,022、美国专利No.4,154,815、美国专利No.4,058,595、美国专利No.3,991,177和美国专利No.3,696,191中,通过引用将所有专利并入本文。本发明的一些相容酶的混合物的酶在一个实施方案中占约0.002%至约2.0%,或者在另一个实施方案中占约0.05%至大约1.5%,或者在又一个实施方案中占约0.1%至约0.5%。
水
水也可以存在于本发明口腔组合物中。在制备商业口腔组合物中使用的水应是去离子的,并且不含有机杂质。水通常补足组合物的余量,并占口腔组合物重量的约10%至约90%,约20%至约60%或约10%至约30%。这种水量包括加入的游离水加上由其它物质(例如由山梨糖醇或本发明的任何组分)引入的水的量。
湿润剂
在口腔组合物的某些实施方案中,还合乎需要的是,并入湿润剂,以防止组合物在接触空气时硬化。某些湿润剂还可以赋予洁齿剂组合物合乎需要的甜味或香味。以纯湿润剂为基准计,湿润剂在一个实施方案中通常占洁齿剂组合物重量的约15%至约70%,或在另一个实施方案中占约30%至约65%。
合适的湿润剂包括食用多元醇,例如甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、丙二醇以及其它多元醇、和这些湿润剂的混合物。在某些实施方案中,甘油和山梨糖醇的混合物可用作本文牙膏组合物的湿润剂组分。
除了上述组分之外,本发明的实施方案可以含有各种任选的洁齿剂成分,其中的一些如下所述。任选的成分例如包括但不限于粘合剂、起泡剂、调味剂、甜味剂、其它抗菌斑药剂、磨料和着色剂。这些及其它任选的组分进一步描述于美国专利No.5,004,597(Majeti)、美国专利No.3,959,458(Agricola等人)和美国专利No.3,937,807(Haefele)中,通过引用将所有专利并入本文中。
制备方法
可以使用口腔产品领域常见的方法来制备本发明组合物。
在一个示例性实施方案中,通过如下方式制备口腔护理组合物:用酸(例如磷酸、盐酸或碳酸)将凝胶相中的精氨酸中和或部分中和,并混合,形成预混合物1。
将活性物质(例如维生素、CPC、氟化物、磨料和任何其它所需的活性成分)加入到预混合物1中,并混合,形成预混合物2。
当最终产品是牙膏时,将牙膏基料(例如磷酸氢钙或二氧化硅)加入到预混合物2中,并混合。使最终浆液形成为口腔护理产品。
组合物用途
本发明在其方法方面涉及对口腔施用安全且有效量的本文所述组合物。
根据本发明的组合物和方法有用于通过促进修复和再矿化来保护牙齿的方法,尤其减少或抑制龋齿的形成,减少或抑制牙齿的去矿化并促进其再矿化,减轻牙齿过敏,以及减少、修复或抑制早期牙釉质损伤,例如,如通过定量光导荧光(QLF)或电子龋齿监测(Electrical Caries Monitor)(ECM)所检测的损伤。
定量光导荧光是可见光荧光,其可以检测早期损伤,并纵向监测进展或退化。正常牙齿在可见光下发荧光;去矿化牙齿不发荧光或仅较小程度发荧光。可将去矿化区域定量,并监测其进展。蓝色激光用于使牙齿自动发荧光。与健康牙齿表面相比,已丧失矿物质的区域的荧光较低,并看上去较暗。使用软件定量来自白斑或与损伤有关的区域/体积的荧光。通常,招募存在白斑损伤的对象作为专门小组成员。用真实牙齿在体内进行测量。在临床开始时测量损伤区域/体积。在使用产品6个月的最后,测量损伤区域/体积的减少(改善)。通常以相对于基线的百分比改善来报道数据。
电子龋齿监测是用于基于电阻来测量牙齿的矿物质含量的技术。电导测量利用下列事实:因牙釉质去矿化和侵蚀而暴露的填充液体的小管导电。当牙齿丧失矿物质时,由于孔隙率增大而变得对电流阻抗降低。因此,患者牙齿的导电性提高可能显示去矿化。通常对具有现存损伤的齿根表面进行研究。用真实牙齿在体内进行测量。测定6个月治疗前后的电阻变化。另外,使用触觉探针做出齿根表面的经典龋齿评分。按三点级别(three pointscale)将硬度分类:硬、坚韧的(leathery)或软。在这类研究中,通常用ECM测量的电阻(数字越高越好)和基于触觉探针评分的损伤硬度改善来报告结果。
因此相对于缺乏有效量的氟和/或精氨酸的组合物,本发明组合物有用于减轻牙釉质的早期损伤(通过QLF或ECM所测量)的方法。
本发明组合物另外有用于减少口腔中有害细菌的方法,例如减轻或抑制龈炎的方法,降低产酸细菌水平的方法,增加精氨酸水解细菌的相对水平的方法,抑制口腔中微生物的生物薄膜形成的方法,在糖攻击后使牙菌斑pH升高和/或保持在至少pH 5.5的水平,减少牙菌斑累积的方法,和/或清洁牙齿和口腔的方法。
最后,通过提高口中的pH并阻碍病原菌,本发明组合物可用于促进口内溃疡或伤口愈合。
增强口腔健康也提供全身健康的益处,因为口腔组织是全身感染的入口。良好的口腔健康与包括心血管健康在内的全身健康相关。本发明的组合物和方法提供特别的益处,因为碱性氨基酸(尤其精氨酸)是供应NO合成途径的氮源,并因此增强口腔组织中的微循环。提供酸性较弱的口腔环境也有助于降低胃的损害(distress)并创立对幽门螺旋杆菌(Heliobacter)较为不利的环境,幽门螺旋杆菌与胃溃疡相关。高度表达特异性免疫细胞受体(例如T-细胞受体)特别需要精氨酸,因此精氨酸能够增强有效的免疫应答。因此本发明的组合物和方法有用于增强包括心血管健康在内的全身健康。
可将根据本发明的组合物和方法并入护理口腔和牙齿的口腔组合物中,例如牙膏、透明膏(transparent pastes)、凝胶、漱口剂、喷雾剂和口香糖。
如通篇所用,范围用作简略表达(shorthand),用于描述该范围内的每个值。可选择该范围内的任何值作为该范围的端点。另外,本文引用的所有参考文献通过引用以其整体并入本文。若本公开中的定义与所引用参考文献的定义相冲突时,以本公开为准。应理解,当描述制剂时,可以根据其成分对它们进行描述,这在本领域是常见的,尽管在制备、贮存和使用实际制剂时,这些成分可能彼此反应,此类产品有意被所述制剂覆盖。
下述实施例进一步描述和说明本发明范围内的示例性实施方案。提供所述实施例仅仅用于举例说明,并非解释为限定本发明,因为在不背离其精神和范围的情况下,很多变化是可能的。除本文显示和描述的那些修改之外,本发明的各种修改对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,并有意落在所附权利要求内。
实施例
实施例1-精氨酸制剂中抗菌剂的利用率和递送
使用商品牙膏制备制剂,其尤其包含:0.3重量%三氯生、0.243重量%氟化钠、月桂基硫酸钠、甲基乙烯基醚与马来酐的共聚物(PVM/MA),向其中加入0、1%、3%和5%盐酸L-精氨酸(pH7.0)。
在商品制剂中并入L-精氨酸可增加得自于该制剂的可溶性三氯生的量,从约70%(0%精氨酸)增加至约80%(1%精氨酸)、85%(3%精氨酸)和95%(5%精氨酸)。
在被设计成测量细菌对牙膏处理的羟磷灰石(HAP)盘(disk)的附着的人工嘴模型中对制剂进行体外试验超过24小时时期,通常按Gaffar A.等人(American Journal ofDentistry,第3卷,1990年9月)所述方法,具有以下修改:在暴露于细菌之前,用洁齿剂浆液处理唾液涂覆的羟磷灰石盘。表明,向商品制剂中并入L-精氨酸使至盘的三氯生递送增加约50%,30分钟时的吸收(uptake)从约40微克三氯生/盘(对照)增加至约60微克三氯生/盘(5%精氨酸制剂)。24小时之后,与5%精氨酸制剂的约20微克/盘(显著增强)相比,对照盘保留了约10微克/盘。使用组氨酸或赖氨酸来代替精氨酸,得到类似的结果。
这种增强的递送直接导致增强制剂的抗菌效果,相对于对照,使用5%精氨酸制剂对粘性放线菌(A.viscosus)生长的抑制统计上显著地降低约15%。
实施例2-制备包含精氨酸的基于二氧化硅的制剂
在二氧化硅基料中包含5%精氨酸的牙膏制剂制备如下:
通过将氟化钠和糖精钠溶解于一部分的配方量水中来制备预混合溶液(预混合物I)。在单独的容器中,将聚合物胶和二氧化钛分散到湿润剂中。将预混合物I加入到凝胶相中,必要时进行加热。
通过如下方式制备另一种预混合溶液(预混合物II):首先将L-精氨酸分散在一部分的配方量水中。然后将PVM/MA(Gantrez)加入到L-精氨酸分散体中并混合,直到均匀为止。然后可通过加入适量的无机酸或碱,将凝胶相的pH调节至中性pH。然后将预混合物II加入到湿润剂/聚合物胶溶液中,完成凝胶相。
将凝胶相转移至适当的制备容器中。将磨料加入到凝胶相中并在真空下混合,直到均匀为止。最后,将三氯生、调味剂和表面活性剂加入到混合物中并在真空下混合,直到均匀为止。配方组成:三氯生加上L-精氨酸
其它制剂制备如下:
实施例3-制剂对三氯生吸收和细菌附着的功效
在37℃下,通过在唾液涂覆的羟磷灰石盘(disk)上施用洁齿剂浆液,保持设定的时间来研究三氯生吸收。冲洗该盘,以去除表面上过量的洁齿剂。然后将结合到盘上的活性物质溶解,并通过HPLC进行分析。具有与以上实施例2的配方II类似的配方的商品牙膏(其尤其包含0.3重量%三氯生、0.243重量%氟化钠、月桂基硫酸钠以及甲基乙烯基醚与马来酐的共聚物,但不含精氨酸)是阳性对照。这种阳性对照的三氯生吸收量为32.7微克/盘,而配方II的三氯生吸收量为58.8微克。因此,含有精氨酸的产品具有比商品制剂高79.8%的吸收。
在抗附着试验中,配方II(降低0.1845)略微地、非显著地优于阳性对照(三氯生,无精氨酸,降低0.1809),较大地优于配方1(精氨酸,无三氯生,降低0.1556)。在抗细菌试验中,配方II(降低0.1980)优于阳性对照(降低0.1789)和配方I(降低0.1891)。
实施例3-抗菌剂在包含沉淀碳酸钙的制剂中的递送
制备包含2%精氨酸碳酸氢盐的制剂如下:
配方A
配方B
配方C
在前述实施例中所描述的吸收试验中,配方A在盘上显示57.86微克三氯生,而配方C(不含精氨酸的对照物)在盘上显示22.88微克三氯生。
实施例5-漱口制剂
使用下列成分制备本发明的漱口制剂:
含有氟化物和三氯生的精氨酸漱口剂
实施例6-包含沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)的洁齿剂制剂
一组经洁齿剂制剂感官属性培训的消费者试验者接受不同洁齿剂制剂,所述制剂在双盲消费者试验条件下使用,以使重复消费者对洁齿剂的使用。
要求该小组常规使用洁齿剂制剂,然后对各种感官特性进行评价。还对于包含沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)的基础洁齿剂制剂(用作安慰剂对照的已知制剂)和另外包含1、2、3或5wt%精氨酸碳酸氢盐的相应制剂进行试验。惊奇地发现,包含精氨酸碳酸氢盐的PCC制剂在香味强度、凉爽性和易于起泡沫属性方面显示出提高的消费者接受度,而且另外包含2wt%精氨酸碳酸氢盐的制剂显示出增加的总体喜好、总体味道、刷牙时味道和刷牙后味道喜好。此外,在包括感觉到的功效、口腔/牙齿清洁感、产品适宜性、味道和总体产品质量在内的所有图像属性(image attributes)方面,感觉到另外包含精氨酸碳酸氢盐的制剂明显比安慰剂对照好。
相反,当试验含有磷酸氢钙而非沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)作为基料的制剂时,与未加入精氨酸碳酸氢盐的相同制剂相比,加入精氨酸碳酸氢盐的制剂没有显示出显著改善的感官特性。
该实施例表明,当在本发明口腔护理组合物中使用时,加入碱性氨基酸例如精氨酸,尤其是碳酸氢盐形式,可惊奇地增强洁齿剂制剂(最尤其具有沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)的基础制剂)的感官特性。
实施例7-不同于精氨酸的碱性氨基酸
使血链球菌(S.sanguis)的过夜培养物在37℃下、于胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤(BectonDickinson,Sparks,MD)中生长。将该培养物以5,000rpm离心5分钟(每次1毫升进入预先称重的管中),以便积累约5毫克的湿沉淀重量。然后将该沉淀重悬浮于20毫摩尔磷酸钾缓冲液(JT Baker,Phillipsburg,NJ)(pH4.0)中,以模拟细菌细胞的应激环境,在该环境中可能产生氨以供存活。终浓度是5毫克/毫升。向该终浓度中加入5毫摩尔终浓度的L-精氨酸、L-瓜氨酸或L-鸟氨酸连同0.1%终浓度的蔗糖(VWR,West Chester,PA)。然后,在测定氨产量之前,将该混合物在37℃下、于摇动水浴中孵育30分钟。
为了分析氨,使用来自Diagnostic Chemicals Limited(Oxford,CT)的氨试验试剂盒。该特定试剂盒的预期用途是用于体外定量血浆中的氨,但对该程序进行修改,以测定并定量牙菌斑和/或细菌中的氨产量。
下表显示来自如上所述在pH4.0下,使用血链球菌(S.sanguis)的6个单独试验的氨产量值。结果证实,通过精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统产生的中间体可用于产生供细胞存活的氨。
L-精氨酸 | L-瓜氨酸 | L-鸟氨酸 | |
试验# | 氨(ppm) | 氨(ppm) | 氨(ppm) |
1 | 0.509 | 0.185 | 0.185 |
2 | 0.866 | 0.346 | 0.260 |
3 | 2.20 | 0.332 | 0.047 |
4 | 1.62 | 0.194 | 0.0 |
5 | 0.5 | 0.226 | 0.181 |
6 | 0.679 | 0.951 | 0.135 |
平均 | 1.06 | 0.951 | 0.134 |
该实施例表明,当在本发明口腔护理组合物中使用时,不同于精氨酸的碱性氢基酸可在口腔内有效地产生氨,并由此提高牙菌斑pH。
Claims (15)
1.口腔护理组合物,其包含:
a.有效量的盐形式的碱性氨基酸;
b.有效量的抗菌剂;
c.阴离子聚合物,
其中碱性氨基酸是盐形式的精氨酸且存在量为总组合物重量的1至10wt%,抗菌剂选自三氯生、亚锡离子源、锌离子源,抗菌剂存在量是总组合物重量的0.01至1wt%,组合物还包含碳酸钙,组合物还包含阴离子表面活性剂,阴离子表面活性剂量是总组合物重量的0.3至4.5wt%,其中阴离子表面活性剂选自月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠及其混合物。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其进一步包含有效量的氟化物源。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其中碱性氨基酸选自精氨酸碳酸氢盐、盐酸精氨酸和磷酸精氨酸。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其中碱性氨基酸是精氨酸碳酸氢盐。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其中碱性氨基酸是盐酸精氨酸。
6.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其中碱性氨基酸是磷酸精氨酸。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其中抗菌剂选自亚锡离子源和锌离子源。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其中阴离子聚合物是甲基乙烯基醚和马来酐的共聚物。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,该组合物进一步包含可溶性氟化盐,其量是总组合物重量的0.01至2wt%,或该组合物进一步包含氟离子源,其量提供占总组合物重量的50至25,000ppm重量的氟离子,任选地,其中可溶性氟化盐或氟离子源选自氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠及其混合物。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其进一步包含(a)磨料物质,所述磨料物质包含小颗粒级分,其占总组合物重量的至少约5wt%,其中所述小颗粒级分的颗粒的d50小于5μm,任选地,其中小颗粒级分占总组合物重量的至少约20wt%,进一步任选地,其中磨料物质选自碳酸钙、二氧化硅及其混合物;或(b)选自二氧化硅和碳酸钙的颗粒物质。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其是洁齿剂,包含:
a.有效量的选自精氨酸碳酸氢盐、磷酸精氨酸和盐酸精氨酸的碱性氨基酸的盐;
b.有效量的三氯生;
c.有效量的可溶性氟化盐,其选自氟化钠和单氟磷酸钠;
d.阴离子表面活性剂;和
e.甲基乙烯基醚和马来酐的共聚物。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其进一步包含木糖醇。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其中放射性牙本质磨损值(RDA)小于约150。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其是牙膏形式,进一步包含以下物质中的一种或多种:水、磨料、表面活性剂、起泡剂、维生素、聚合物、酶、湿润剂、增稠剂、抗微生物剂、防腐剂、调味剂、着色剂和/或其组合。
15.权利要求1-14中任一项的口腔组合物,其用于以下方法中,所述方法包括对需要其的对象的口腔施用有效量的所述组合物,以便:
a.减少或抑制龋齿的形成,
b.减少、修复或抑制早期牙釉质损伤,
c.减少或抑制牙齿的去矿化并促进其再矿化,
d.减轻牙齿过敏,
e.降低或抑制龈炎,
f.促进口中溃疡或伤口愈合,
g.降低产酸细菌水平,
h.增加精氨酸水解细菌的相对水平,
i.抑制口腔微生物生物膜的形成,
j.在糖攻击后使牙菌斑pH升高和/或保持在至少pH 5.5的水平,
k.减少牙菌斑累积,
l.治疗、缓解或减少干口,
m.增白牙齿,
n.例如通过减少经由口腔组织的全身感染的可能性来增强全身健康,包括心血管健康,
o.减少牙齿侵蚀,
p.使牙齿对致龋细菌免疫或针对致龋细菌保护牙齿,和/或
q.清洁牙齿和口腔。
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CN111479614A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2020-07-31 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 氨基酸氨基甲酸盐络合物 |
CN111479614B (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2022-10-28 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 氨基酸氨基甲酸盐络合物 |
CN109091401A (zh) * | 2018-10-02 | 2018-12-28 | 张旱莲 | 一种抗牙本质过敏的组合物 |
CN113271918A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-08-17 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 使用精氨酸降低病原性细菌 |
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