CN106164517B - 作为共同构件的压力罐和金属压板 - Google Patents

作为共同构件的压力罐和金属压板 Download PDF

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CN106164517B
CN106164517B CN201480077551.6A CN201480077551A CN106164517B CN 106164517 B CN106164517 B CN 106164517B CN 201480077551 A CN201480077551 A CN 201480077551A CN 106164517 B CN106164517 B CN 106164517B
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clutch
pressing plate
pressure
pressure transferred
transferred structure
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CN106164517A (zh
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迈克尔·鲍曼
奥雷莉·凯勒
托马斯·托马斯赫尔勒
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/10Clutch systems with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/385Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs double clutches, i.e. comprising two friction disc mounted on one driven shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58Details
    • F16D13/70Pressure members, e.g. pressure plates, for clutch-plates or lamellae; Guiding arrangements for pressure members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58Details
    • F16D13/72Features relating to cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/121Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0607Double clutch with torque input plate in-between the two clutches, i.e. having a central input plate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0607Double clutch with torque input plate in-between the two clutches, i.e. having a central input plate
    • F16D2021/0615Double clutch with torque input plate in-between the two clutches, i.e. having a central input plate the central input plate is supported by bearings in-between the two clutches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0669Hydraulically actuated clutches with two clutch plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0692Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric with two clutches arranged axially without radial overlap
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0023Shaping by pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/003Chip removing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12Mounting or assembling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/22Vibration damping

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的离合器(1),所述离合器具有压板(2),所述压板连同反压板(4)一起被设置用于夹紧转矩传递机构(3),如离合器片或摩擦盘(13),其中经由压力传递机构(7)在操纵单元(9)之间提供力传递路径,其中压力传递机构(7)构成为压板(2)的整体的组成部分。本发明还涉及一种用于制造用于离合器(1)的压板(2)的方法,其中经由无切削的成型方法由金属板成形压板(2),所述压板具有集成在其上的压力传递机构(7)。

Description

作为共同构件的压力罐和金属压板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的离合器,如干式或湿式的单离合器或多片式离合器,尤其是双离合器,所述离合器具有压板,所述压板连同反压板一起被设置用于夹紧转矩传递机构,例如离合器片或摩擦盘,其中经由压力传递机构在操纵单元之间提供力传递路径,所述操纵单元例如为根据例如可液压、机械或电移动的活塞,或者为同心从动缸形式(CSC)的执行器。
背景技术
从现有技术中已知这种离合器,即单离合器、多片式离合器,尤其双离合器。
例如,EP 1 524 446 B1公开一种具有至少两个摩擦式离合器的离合器装置,所述摩擦式离合器分别具有至少一个离合器片,其中这两个离合器片能够与自有的待驱动的轴连接,并且这两个离合器彼此独立地能够经由各一个操纵机构分离和接合,其中离合器的闭合力直接地由操纵机构施加。在本专利文献中证实为特别的是:存在特定特征的组合,即这两个离合器分别能够由操纵机构的环形构成的活塞缸单元操纵,即活塞缸单元同轴地且至少部分轴向互相交错,并且设有罐形的或碟形的、实际上刚性的中间元件,用于在相应的压板和离合器和所属的操纵机构之间传递挤压力。
在直接操纵离合器的情况下,用于传递力矩的力由接合系统经由压力罐传递到压板/离合器片上并且随后继续传递到摩擦盘/摩擦离合器片上,其中所述压力罐通常作为操纵元件。遗憾的是,在当前在技术中存在的对离合器的优化中,轴向方向上的结构空间总是变小。这总是负面地影响常规的压板和压力罐设计方案,例如压力罐组。此外,例如在片式离合器中遗憾的是:在断开离合器时,压板或离合器片没有主动地通风。
尽管至今为止可以经由板式弹簧加载或碟形弹簧加载来提升压力罐,但是不提升压板或类似压板的离合器片。在常见的压力罐支承件和压板/离合器片之间出现强烈的磨损。这显著地延长了离合器的接合路径。因此,需要更多的操纵能量来传递转矩。现在,安装耗费也还是过高的,因为使用至少两部分的解决方案,必要时在压力罐和压板之间使用附加的连接元件。同样,制造成本是过高的,因为需要高的材料投入来实现迄今的解决方案。压力罐也必须单独地被定心和对准,这是耗费且成本密集的。如果不执行上述方案,离合器的效率就会不适宜地低。甚至在至安装位置的运输中也会发现缺点,因此至今为止需要单独的运输保险装置和/或单独的防失保险装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:避免现有技术中的缺点并且提供一种简化的离合器。所述目的在这种离合器中根据本发明通过如下方式实现:压力传递机构构成为压板的整体的组成部分,以便优选由操纵单元直接接触。
以该方式实现减少构件或将构件功能集成到现有的构件中。还更好地利用轴向结构空间。将构件功能集成到其他构件中降低了成本。
也能够提出:所述目的具有创造性的解决方案在于:将压力罐和压板统一成一个构件,以便借此克服上述缺点。此外,得到更好地使用材料,以及降低重量,进而也降低质量惯性。不再需要单独的防失保险装置。要注意的是:整体的组成部分包括一件式的、尽可能单材料的设计方案。
因此有利的是:压板作为金属板构成有安置所述压力传递机构的部段/凸起。于是能够借助简单的措施制造简单的、但是高功效的构件。
还有利的是:金属板无切削地、例如通过一个或多个成形过程,例如冷成形过程形成其最终形状,冷成形过程例如是深冲过程或冲压过程。于是能够避免耗费的切削的加工步骤。提高生产中的产量并且由此降低成本。
同样适当的是:金属板尽可能整体具有相同/均匀的厚度,或者朝压力传递机构与操纵单元的接触区域具有减小的厚度,所述接触区域例如处于径向内部的区域处。于是,一方面能够采用简单的原材料并且另一方面能够维持弹簧弹性。
因此有利的是:金属板具有弹簧弹性的部段,更确切地说在压力传递机构的一部分的区域中、在压力传递机构和压板的过渡区域中或在压力传递机构的整个区域中具有弹簧弹性的部段。在该情况下,接触区域不构成为闭合的环,而是被切口。也有利的是:压力传递机构替选地或附加地舌状地构成。压板和压力罐共同地由金属板冲压和成形。所述压板和压力罐是集成的构件。因此,操纵元件能够具有弹簧特性,并且尤其当例如压板的摩擦面不设在径向外部,而是例如设在径向内部(并且以可沿轴向方向接触的方式),并且操纵元件能够支撑在盖上时,操纵元件也构成为杠杆。于是能够简单地制造可直接致动的双离合器。至少在一个子离合器中,致动元件和压板/压力板由唯一的金属板构成为连贯的整体连接的元件。
于是,当压板构成为如下构件和/或具有操纵组时,能够简单地实现具有集成的操纵元件的压板:所述构件具有摩擦面,所述摩擦面(附加)设置用于与转矩传递机构共同作用。
一个有利的实施例的特征也在于:压力传递机构通过留空部穿孔,以便使得冷却流体能够朝转矩传递机构的方向进入。这种冷却流体例如能够是空气或液体,如油。
为了实现离合器的有效的通风,有利的是:弹簧元件,如板式弹簧、板式弹簧组或碟形弹簧优选在径向外部主要以沿轴向方向作用的方式和/或以断开或闭合离合器的方式作用于压板上。
如果这些单独构件互相配合和设置成,使得在滑动阶段中吸收能量,那么在使用寿命期间简化离合器的有效使用。
最后,本发明也涉及一种用于制造用于离合器的压板的方法,其中经由无切削的成型方法由(仅)一个(唯一的)金属板成形压板,所述压板具有集成在其上的、例如压力罐类型的压力传递机构。
本发明为对直接操纵的离合器系统进行的改进,所述离合器借助压力罐来操纵。通过将压力罐集成到压板中能够降低离合器的轴向结构空间需求、质量和质量惯性。通过减少单独构件和取消定位和定心工作步骤来简化安装。这降低了成本。
附图说明
下面,借助绘图详细阐述附图,在所述绘图中示出不同的实施例。其示出:
图1示出具有接触子离合器K2的摩擦盘的压板的根据本发明的双离合器,所述压板在部分示出的纵截面中具有压力罐类型的压力传递部段,
图2示出仅以部分纵截面描述的多片式离合器的第二实施例,其中仅示出子离合器中的一个,和
图3以与图2的视图类似的方式示出根据本发明的离合器的另一实施例,其中一件式的压力罐在片式离合系统中构成压板。
具体实施方式
附图仅是示意性质的并且仅用于理解本发明。相同的元件设有相同的附图标记。各个实施例的特征也能够彼此交换。
在图1中示出根据本发明的离合器1的第一实施方式。所述离合器具有压板2,所述压板设置用于将转矩传递机构3夹紧在所述压板和反压板4之间。反压板4在此以相对于另一反作用板5隔开的方式构成为中间板,所述反作用板与挤压板6共同工作。反作用板5和挤压板6是第一子离合器K1的一部分,相对地,压板2和反压板4是第二子离合器K2的一部分。
压力传递机构7是压板2的整体的组成部分并且具有接触区域8,所述接触区域贴靠操纵单元9。操纵单元9根据同心从动缸(CSC/Concentric Slave Cylinder同轴从动缸)的类型构成。内部的执行器部段10尤其与接触区域8直接贴靠。外部的执行器部段11接触压力罐12或压力传递机构7,所述压力罐/压力传递机构以传递压力的方式作用于挤压板6上。
在压板2和反压板4之间以及在反作用板5和挤压板6之间能够夹入至少一个转矩传递机构3,所述转矩传递机构构成为具有摩擦衬片14的摩擦盘13。
压板2和压力传递机构7、即类似压力罐的部段连贯地、尤其是彼此成整体的组成部分,亦即一件式地、单材料地且彼此不可分地连接。所述压板和所述压力传递机构由唯一的金属板材料制成,然而所述金属板材料具有变薄区域15,即较小厚度的区域。所述压板和所述压力传递机构从金属板中通过冲压和/或深冲和/或挤压和/或弯曲成形。弹簧元件16与压板2直接贴靠,并且实现子离合器K2的主动通风。
在图2中描述多片式离合系统的一部分。在此,压板2与压力传递机构3也一件式地连接,或压力传递机构7是压板2的整体的组成部分,并且反之亦然。在此,构成压板2和压力传递机构7的金属板朝径向内部的边缘变薄地构成,但是也能够具有相同的厚度。因此,变薄区域作为弹簧弹性的部段。
根据本发明的思想的类似的实现方案能够在图3中得出,其中示出了片式离合器的解决方案。在此,压板2压到转矩传递机构3上,其中所述压板又具有径向向内突出的部段,即压力传递机构7,其中所述转矩传递机构邻接于离合器片17。在该解决方案中应用的弹簧元件16构成为碟形弹簧。因此,实现一种干式离合器,所述干式离合器是根据本发明的离合器1的特别形式。
附图标记列表
1 离合器
2 压板
3 转矩传递机构
4 反压板
5 反作用板
6 挤压板
7 压力传递机构
8 接触区域
9 操纵单元
10 内部的执行器部段
11 外部的执行器部段
12 压力罐
13 摩擦盘
14 摩擦衬片
15 变薄区域
16 弹簧元件
17 离合器片

Claims (8)

1.一种用于机动车的离合器(1),所述离合器(1)为具有两个子离合器的双离合器,其中第二子离合器(U2)具有压板(2),所述压板连同反压板(4)一起被设置用于夹紧转矩传递机构(3),其中经由压力传递机构(7)在操纵单元(9)之间提供力传递路径,
其特征在于,所述压力传递机构(7)构成为所述压板(2)的整体的组成部分;所述压板(2)作为金属板构成有设置有所述压力传递机构(7)的部段;所述金属板具有弹簧弹性的部段,和/或所述压力传递机构(7)舌状地构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离合器(1),其特征在于,所述金属板无切削地形成其最终形状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的离合器(1),其特征在于,所述金属板具有相同的厚度,或者所述金属板朝所述压力传递机构(7)与所述操纵单元(9)的接触区域(8)具有减小的厚度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的离合器(1),其特征在于,所述压板(2)具有摩擦面和/或操纵组,所述摩擦面设置成用于与所述转矩传递机构(3)共同作用。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的离合器(1),其特征在于,所述压力传递机构(7)通过留空部穿孔,以便使得冷却流体能够朝转矩传递机构(3)的方向进入。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的离合器(1),其特征在于,弹簧元件(16)主要以沿轴向方向作用的方式作用于所述压板(2)。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的离合器(1),其特征在于,这些单独构件互相配合和设置成,使得在滑动阶段中吸收能量。
8.一种用于制造用于根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述离合器(1)的压板(2)的方法,其中经由无切削的成型方法由金属板成形压板(2),所述压板具有集成在其上的压力传递机构(7)。
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