CN105379425B - 便携式安全检查系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本说明书公开了一种用于筛选区域的放射线检查系统。该检查系统具有定义封闭体积的容器，定位在封闭体积内的辐射源，检测器阵列，与容器的底部的一部分相附接的可移动结构，以及编程为基于多个数据来移动该可移动结构以实现辐射源的视场的最佳高度的控制器。
Description
交叉引用
本申请依赖于在2013年1月31日提交的题为“Portable Security InspectionSystem”的美国临时专利申请第61/759,211号。
技术领域
本说明书总地跟便携式检查系统有关。更具体地说，本说明书涉及可以被部署在多个监控位置处的用于在各种高度对过往车辆和货物执行综合安检的便携式集成X射线检查系统。
背景技术
贸易欺诈、走私和恐怖主义已经增加了对范围从停放车辆的路边检查到拥塞或高流量口岸(port)的扫描的应用中的各种非侵入性检查系统的需要，这是因为高效地提供跨边界的商品移动的运输系统也为夹杂诸如武器、爆炸物、非法药物和贵金属之类的禁运物品提供了机会。术语口岸在一般被接受为指代海港的同时也适用于陆地边境通道或者任何入境口岸。
X射线系统由于它们可以成本有效地生成对人眼不可见的内部空间的图像而被用于医疗、工业和安全检查目的。暴露于X射线(或者任何其他类型的)辐射的材料吸收不同量的X射线辐射并且因而使X射线束衰减到不同程度，从而导致该材料所特有的辐射透射水平或者辐射背散射水平。衰减或者背散射的辐射可以被用来生成受辐射对象的内容的有用描绘。在安全检查设备中使用的典型单一能量X射线配置可以具有透过受检查对象或者被受检查对象背散射的扇形或者扫描X射线束。X射线的吸收或者背散射在束已经穿过对象之后被检测器测量并且其内容的图像被产生并被呈现给操作者。
在有限空间和需要扩展的情况下，沿正常的处理路线寻找用来容纳附加检查设施的合适空间仍是困难的。此外，选中的位置不一定足够永久以供口岸操作者投入到检查设备的长期安装。另外，包含高能X射线源或者线性加速器(LINAC)的系统要么需要屏蔽材料的大量投资(通常以混凝土形成物或者建筑物的形式)要么需要使用围绕建筑物自身的禁区(死空间)。在两者中的任一情况下，取决于将被检查的货物容器的尺寸，建筑物占地要求通常太大。
移动检查系统提供了对灵活的、增强的检查能力的需求的适当解决方案。因为系统是可重新定位的并且对用来容纳设备的永久建筑物的投资被免除，因此地点分配变得不再是问题并且引入这种系统变得破坏更少。另外，移动检查系统通过更高吞吐量而给操作者提供了检查货物、装运、车辆和其他容器的更大队列的能力。
传统检查系统的不利之处在于它们受缺乏刚性之苦、难以实施并且/或者具有更小视场。具体而言，传统的可重新定位的检查系统通常包括至少两个臂架(boom)，其中一个臂架将包含多个检测器并且另一个臂架将包含至少一个X射线源。检测器和X射线源协调工作以扫描正在移动的车辆上的货物。在传统的单臂架的可重新定位的检查系统中，X射线源位于卡车或者平板车上并且检测器在从卡车向外伸展的臂架结构上。这些系统的特点是移动扫描引擎系统，其中源—检测器系统相对于将被检查的静止对象移动。另外，检测器和辐射源被安装在可移动的床、臂架或者车辆上以使得它们与车辆整体结合在一起。这限制了为了最佳便携性和可调节部署而拆卸整个系统以适应一系列不同尺寸货物、装运、车辆和其他容器的灵活性。结果，这些系统可以是部署复杂的并且造成若干缺点和约束。
因此，存在对可以被快速地通过卡车或者正被任何车辆牵引的拖车装载并且被运输到监控位置以供快速和灵巧部署的改善的检查方法和系统的需要。
还存在对不需要专门的昂贵运输车辆来运输到监控地点的便携式检查系统的需要。
还存在对重量轻并且可以被快速地部署用于检查的便携式检查系统的需要。
发明内容
本说明书总地提供了一种容易快速地部署的便携式非侵入性安全检查系统。
此外，本说明书提供了一种设计为容易装在容器中的辐射检查布置，诸如但不限于可被运输到多个需要监控的位置的加固盒。
本说明书还提供了一种设计为容易装在容器中的辐射检查布置，该容器可以通过装载到卡车或者正被任何运输车辆牵引的拖车上而被运输到多个监控位置。
本说明书还提供了一种设计为容易装在容器中的辐射检查布置，其不需要任何专门车辆来运输到监控地点。
本说明书还提供了一种重量轻并且可被容易地布置在监控位置处以用于检查过往车辆和货物的便携式辐射检查系统。
本说明书还提供了一种重量轻并且可被容易地布置在监控位置处以用于检查人及其所有物的便携式辐射检查系统。
本说明书还提供了一种可以被容易地部署在允许检查轿车、厢式货车和卡车的各种高度处的便携式辐射检查系统。
在一个实施例中，本说明书包括包含至少一个或多个类型的一个或多个辐射源和检测器组件的辐射检查系统。
在一个实施例中，便携式检查系统是包括背散射X射线源和检测组件的背散射X射线检查系统。
在一个实施例中，本说明书描述了一种用于筛选受检查对象的检查系统，其包括：容器，其具有四个壁、天花板和底部并且定义封闭体积；定位在所述封闭体积内的至少一个辐射源，其中来自所述辐射源的发射定义了视场；至少一个检测器阵列，其被定位在所述封闭体积中或者与所述容器物理地附接；以及在四个角中的每一个处附接到所述容器的多个腿，其中所述多个腿能够伸展到距地面水平的至少一个高度位置并且其中所述至少一个高度位置是使用多个数据来确定的。
在一个实施例中，所述多个数据包括受检查对象的尺寸、期望的检查区域、检测器阵列配置、期望的视场、X射线源类型、X射线源配置，以及约束结构或者人的存在。
在一个实施例中，所述容器还包括在四个角中的每一个处的用来容纳所述多个腿的垂直凹陷。
在一个实施例中，在存放位置中，所述多个腿被搁置在所述垂直凹陷内以相对于所述容器的垂直壁至少部分地嵌入摆放。
在一个实施例中，在存放位置中，所述容器被搁置在运输车辆的拖车部分上。
在一个实施例中，在监控地点处的部署位置中，所述多个腿中的至少一个首先从容器的所述四个角水平地向外伸展并且随后垂直地向下伸展以使得所述多个腿与地面相接触，从而将所述容器从拖车部分抬离。
在一个实施例中，一旦所述多个腿与地面相接触并且所述检查系统处于完全部署位置，所述拖车部分就被驶离容器。在一个实施例中，为了从所述监控地点运输所述容器，拖车部分被驶到所述容器下方并且所述多个腿被垂直地缩回以使所述容器降低并存放在所述拖车部分上。
在一个实施例中，所述至少一个源和所述至少一个检测器阵列被配置为从受检查对象生成扫描信息。
在一个实施例中，一旦被部署，所述腿就被伸缩地缩回以使得所述容器与地面相接触，所述容器的所述四个壁中的两个被向下翻折。
在一个实施例中，一旦所述容器的所述四个壁中的两个被向下翻折，如果所述扫描应用需要，则所述天花板被可选地垂直地向上伸展以在所述监控地点处形成驾驶通过入口。
在一个实施例中，所述至少一个源和所述至少一个检测器阵列被配置为生成受检查对象的多视图扫描图像。
在另一个实施例中，本说明书描述了一种用于部署在监控地点处的检查系统，包括：容器，其具有四个壁、天花板和底部并且定义封闭体积，其中所述容器被存放在运输车辆的拖车部分上；定位在所述封闭体积内的至少一个辐射源，其中来自所述辐射源的发射定义了视场；定位在所述封闭体积中或者与所述容器物理地附接的至少一个检测器阵列；以及在四个角中的每一个处与所述容器附接的多个腿，其中所述多个腿能够如下所述地伸展，从而将所述容器抬离所述拖车部分：首先使所述多个腿中的至少一个从所述容器水平地向外移动并且随后使所述多个腿垂直地向下移动以使得所述腿与所述地面相接触。
在一个实施例中，所述容器在地面之上的高度可以使用所述多个腿的伸缩运动来调节。在一个实施例中，所述容器在地面之上的高度是使用多个数据来确定的，其中所述多个数据包括受检查对象的尺寸、期望的检查区域、检测器阵列配置、期望的视场、X射线源类型、X射线源配置，以及约束结构或者人的存在。
在另一个实施例中，本说明书描述了一种部署检查系统的方法，所述检查系统包括：具有四个壁、天花板和底部并且定义封闭体积的容器，其中所述容器被存放在运输车辆的拖车部分上；定位在所述封闭体积内的至少一个辐射源，其中来自所述辐射源的发射定义了视场；定位在所述封闭体积内或者与所述容器物理地附接的至少一个检测器阵列；以及在所述容器的四个角中的每一个处与所述容器附接的多个腿，所述方法包括：使所述多个腿中的至少一个从所述容器的所述四个角水平地向外伸展；使所述多个腿垂直地向下伸展，以使得所述多个腿在监控地点处与地面相接触；继续使所述多个腿垂直地向下伸展以使得在所述监控地点处所述容器能够被从所述拖车部分抬离并且被完全靠所述多个腿支撑；以及使所述拖车部分驶离所述监控地点。
在一个实施例中，所述所述多个腿的高度被调节以适应多个扫描高度。在一个实施例中，所述容器在所述地面之上的高度是使用多个数据来确定的，其中所述多个数据包括受检查对象的尺寸、期望的检查区域、检测器阵列配置、期望的视场、X射线源类型、X射线源配置，和/或约束结构或者人的存在。
在一个实施例中，所述多个腿被完全缩回以使得所述容器被定位在地面水平处，所述容器的所述四个壁中的两个被向下翻折并且所述天花板可选地被垂直地向上伸展以在所述监控地点处形成驾驶通过入口。
本发明的前述和其他实施例在提供的附图和具体实施方式中应当被更深入地描述。
附图说明
本说明书的这些及其他特征和优点将被进一步理解，随着通过联系附图考虑时参考具体实施方式而对它们进行更好理解：
图1是根据本说明书的一个实施例的装在盒子中的示例性X射线检查系统的框图；
图2A示出了根据本说明书的一个实施例的装在装载在用于运输的车辆上的盒子中的X射线检查系统；
图2B示出了根据本说明书的一个实施例的装在包括可伸展的腿的盒子中的X射线检查系统的框图；
图3示出了用来扫描不同高度的车辆的多个示例性容器高度；
图4A是装在包括可伸展的腿并且存放在拖车上的容器中的X射线检查系统的透视图；
图4B示出了从容器中水平地伸出的腿；
图4C示出了第一中间垂直伸展腿位置；
图4D示出了第二中间垂直伸展腿位置；
图4E是从容器中水平地和垂直地伸出的腿的近视图；
图4F示出了被垂直地伸展为足以将容器抬离拖车的腿；
图4G示出了在支撑拖车被从容器下面移走的同时被部署在其四个伸展腿上的容器；
图4H示出了被部署在其四个伸展腿上的容器；
图4I示出了被部署在地面上的第一示例性高度处的容器；
图4J示出了被部署在地面上的第二示例性高度处的容器；
图4K示出了使用装有X射线检查系统的部署容器来扫描过往车辆；
图4L示出了将拖车定位在部署容器下面以开始将容器重新装载到拖车上；
图4M示出了正被降低到拖车上的容器；
图4N示出了被存放到拖车上的容器；
图4O示出了用来扫描过往车辆的装在存放在静止拖车上的容器中的X射线检查系统；
图5A示出了根据一个实施例的为了安全存放容器而配备的拖车底盘；
图5B示出了正被接收到所配备的拖车底盘上的容器；
图6是可在根据本说明书的一个实施例的X射线检查系统中使用的本领域已知的X射线源检测器组件的示意性表示；
图7A示出了根据本说明书的一个实施例的源/检测器组件；
图7B示出了根据本说明书的另一个实施例的源/检测器组件；
图8是在根据本说明书的一个实施例的X射线检查系统中使用的多视图X射线源检测器组件；
图9A示出了具有伸展屋顶的容器的一个实施例；
图9B示出了具有翻折侧壁和伸展屋顶以形成驾驶通过入口的容器；
图9C是根据本说明书的一个实施例的具有源/检测器组件的容器的横截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
本说明书描述了一种便携式辐射检查系统。在各种实施例中，该便携式检查系统被设计为容易装在可被运输到多个需要监控的位置的容器(诸如但不限于加固盒)中。盒中的检查系统可被快速地部署在监控位置处，而不需要复杂的设置过程。另外，在各种实施例中，检查系统和封装盒都由重量轻的组件制成，从而允许通过使用诸如卡车或拖车之类的任何合适车辆来运输它们，以及容易部署在监控地点处。在各种实施例中，便携式检查系统被用来利用辐射扫描位于封装盒外部的诸如过往车辆或货物之类的对象。
本说明书针对于多个实施例。以下公开被提供以使得本领域普通技术人员能够实施本说明书。本说明书中使用的语言不应当被解释为任何一个特定实施例的一般否定或被用来超出权利要求中使用的术语的意思来限制权利要求。在这里定义的一般原理在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可被应用于其他实施例和应用。另外，所使用的术语和措辞是为了描述示例性实施例并且不应当被视为限制性的。因此，本说明书将符合包含与公开的原理和特征相一致的许多替代物、修改和等价物的最广范围。为了清楚，与在与本发明有关的技术领域中已知的技术材料有关的细节未被详细描述，以不会使本说明书不必要地模糊。
在这里应当注意到，尽管在本说明书中描述的系统指的是X射线辐射的使用，但是任何合适的辐射源或其组合都可被与本发明一起使用。其他合适辐射源的示例包括伽马射线、微波、光、射频、毫米波、太赫兹、红外和超声辐射。
如将对本领域技术人员显而易见的，合适运输车辆的成本和复杂性是在远程位置使用便携式辐射检查系统的限制。本说明书提供了一种自包含的检查系统，其可以在不需要使用任何专门和昂贵的车辆来运输的情况下被运输到监控地点，并且可被容易地部署在那里，准备好开始对过往车辆和货物的自动化检查。
图1是根据本说明书一个实施例的示出装在盒内的示例性检查系统的框图。在各种实施例中，检查系统102被装在诸如盒104之类的具有四个侧面、地板和天花板的容器中，并且包括用于获得正被检查的对象的放射线图像的源－检测器组件106，以及检查工作站108。来自源－检测器组件104的图像数据被传送到可位于容器内的源－检测器组件106附近或者按应用要求位于远程位置的检查工作站108。检查工作站108可位于装甲车辆内部、现有建筑物中、临时结构中或者检查系统102内部。检查工作站使用任何形式的有线或无线通信与检查系统进行数据通信。
在各种实施例中，本说明书中的便携式辐射检查系统包括X射线源以及用于获得正被检查的对象的放射线图像的多个检测器。
在一个实施例中，X射线检查系统包括基于利用具有1MeV到9MeV的典型束质量的由线性加速器生成的X射线辐射进行的透射成像的高能检查设备。这种系统在探查相对高原子序数物品的结构和形状时是非常有效的。
在一个实施例中，X射线检查系统102还包括用于分析过往车辆和货物的一个或多个参数的一个或多个传感器110。传感器110的示例包括照相设备、视频摄像机、热摄像机、红外(IR)摄像机、微量化学检测设备、射频(RF)监视设备、RF干扰设备、自动化车牌捕捉系统和自动化容器编码捕捉系统。在一个实施例中，经由传感器110获得的包括图像、视频、图形、温度、热、化学、通信信号或其他数据在内的辅助数据也被传送到检查工作站108并且被以图形形式呈现以供系统检查者审阅。在一个实施例中，辅助数据被有利地组合以为系统检查者产生总体综合威胁报告。
在各种实施例中，本说明书中的便携式X射线检查系统可以与允许该系统快速地可重新定位和容易地可运输的任何车辆一起使用。图2A示出了装在盒202中的本说明书中的X射线检查系统，该盒能够在车辆204的后部上以高速公路速度被从一个监控地点运输到另一个。在一个实施例中，装在盒202中的X射线检查系统的重量的范围取决于特定于地点的传感器配置和综合屏蔽要求而从100千克到4500千克。
图2B示出了装在盒202中的包括可伸展的腿206的X射线检查系统，可伸展的腿可被向下拉到地面水平以支撑X射线检查系统的全部重量。可伸展的腿206被用来将X射线检查系统抬上和抬离运输车辆204的后部。
在各种实施例中，诸如机械、液压和气动设计之类的包括任何形式的推动运动的多种可伸展的腿设计可被实现，并且所有这种设计在本说明书的范围中都被涵盖。
在一个实施例中，可伸展的腿206的高度可被调节为使得X射线检查系统被保持在地面上的期望高度处从而便利了对过往车辆和货物的检查。在一个实施例中，除了建立X射线检查系统相对于受检查对象的最佳高度之外，X射线检查系统(在垂直平面中的)视场也可被调节以在使对环境的总体辐射暴露最小化的同时覆盖所需的视场。在一个实施例中，通过首先使用诸如三位置开关之类的多点开关来设置X射线检查系统的所需高度并且随后驱动按钮(诸如上升或下降按钮)来使检查系统的运动改变到达先前设置的高度，视场被手动地调节。在另一实施例中，视场基于对将被检查的趋近对象的视频分析而被自动地调节。
在一个实施例中，控制器被编程为基于包括受检查对象的尺寸、期望的检查区域、检测器阵列配置、期望的视场、X射线源类型、X射线源配置和/或约束结构或人的存在在内的多种数据来确定可伸展的腿206的最佳高度。应当认识到，如果腿206不是专门使用的，则控制器可被用来控制任何平台或支撑结构的高度。本领域普通技术人员应当明白，取决于受检查对象和检查点要求，多种数据可以被相应地操纵。
一旦X射线检查系统在监控地点处的扫描操作完成，装在盒中的X射线检查系统就通过使用可伸展的腿而被重新装载到运输车辆的后部上并且被快速地运输到另一个监控地点。在一个实施例中，X射线检查系统可以在通用车辆后面的拖车上被从一个监控地点拖到另一个。针对下面的图4A至图4Q详细描述了本发明的检查系统的部署和重新装载。
图3示出了定位在地面上的不同高度305、306、307处以扫描具有不同高度310、311、312的车辆或对象325的检查容器300。另外，检查容器300在一个实施例中被定位在距受检查对象或车辆距离315处。另外，在一个实施例中，检查容器300根据将被检查的车辆或对象而提供不同度数的视场320。
在一个实施例中，在车辆325是具有大约4000mm的高度310的卡车的情况下，检查容器300被定位在距地面1200mm的高度305处。另外，检查容器被布置在距车辆307有1500mm的距离315处。该配置提供了88度的总体视场320。
在另一个实施例中，在车辆325是具有大约3000mm的高度311的厢式货车的情况下，检查容器300被定位在距地面900mm的高度306处。另外，检查容器被布置在距车辆307有950mm的距离315处。该配置提供了87度的总体视场320。
在另一个实施例中，在车辆325是具有大约1800mm的高度312的轿车的情况下，检查容器300被定位在距地面600mm的高度307处。另外，检查容器被布置在距车辆307有400mm的距离315处。该配置提供了86度的总体视场320。
上面的示例是示例性的并且本领域技术人员应当理解可进行调整以实现本说明书的扫描目的。
图4A至4O示出了装在诸如盒之类的容器/舱中的本说明书中的检查系统的透视现场(in-theater)视图，该容器/舱被从运输车辆部署到监控地点上然后被重新装载或存放到运输车辆上。
图4A示出了装在容器405内并且被存放在运输车辆415的拖车部分410上的本说明书中的X射线检查系统。在一个实施例中，运输车辆415是适合用于地面街道或高速公路上以常规速度的运输的卡车。根据本发明的一个实施例，容器405包括四个垂直壁406，从而形成大致矩形盒。另外，容器405包括四个垂直凹陷420，在容器405的四个角中的每一个上都有一个。每一个垂直凹陷420容纳处于存放位置时的腿425，腿425被搁置在垂直凹陷420内以使得它们被相对于容器405的各个垂直壁406齐平摆放或者略微嵌入。
处于部署位置的每一个腿425可以被水平地伸展远离容器405的相应角并且还可以被以伸缩方式垂直地向上和向下伸展以将容器405的底部的高度设置在地面水平之上的可变高度处。为了部署在监控地点处，腿425中的至少一个首先从其相应垂直凹陷420水平地向外伸展，如在图4B中示出。应当注意到可能不需要所有腿水平地伸展并且这取决于必不可少的用于允许拖车轮子让腿穿过的间隙。此后，腿425垂直地向下伸展，如在图4C中的第一中间垂直或可伸缩伸展腿位置430a和图4D中的第二中间垂直或伸缩伸展腿位置430b中示出。如在图4D中示出，在伸展腿位置430b处，腿425接触地面。
图4E是示出处于水平伸展位置的活塞426从而使得腿425能够从垂直凹陷420向外水平伸展的近视图。腿425能够被看到已经被垂直地向下伸缩(telescope)以使得其处于诸如图4D中的位置430b的垂直伸展腿位置。
如在图4F中示出，腿425被进一步伸缩或者垂直地向下伸展超过图4D中的腿位置430b(其中腿425接触地面)，从而使得容器405被升高并且被抬离拖车410的底盘。一旦容器405被定位在最佳高度并且所有四个腿425接触地面，则拖车410如在图4G中示出被拖离容器405下方。
结果，如在图4H中示出，容器405现在被部署并且在监控地点处在第一高度处靠完全伸展/缩短的腿425支撑。容器405的底部在地面之上的高度现在可以通过使用腿425的垂直伸缩运动而被调节，以进行扫描。图4l示出了将容器405置于第二高度的处于第二垂直缩回位置的腿425，而图4J示出了将容器405置于第三高度的处于第三垂直缩回位置的腿425。本领域普通技术人员应当认识到，一旦被部署在地面上，腿425可以被垂直地缩回或者伸展以使处于地面之上的变化距离处的容器405相应地降低或者升高以适应不同扫描高度。图4H至图4J中的容器405的第一、第二和第三高度对应于图3中的容器高度305、306、307。
一旦腿425被垂直地缩回或者伸展以合适地定位容器405的高度，目标对象或者车辆就可以被扫描。例如，如在图4K中示出，容器405被定位在合适高度处以扫描过往轿车435并且生成轿车435的放射线扫描图像。
现在参考图4L，为了运输或者在另一地点处的部署，容器405需要被存放或者被重新装载到拖车410上。因此，拖车410被驾驶以使得其被定位在在监视地点处部署的容器405下面。如有必要，容器405的高度通过使腿425垂直地伸展而被调节以使得拖车410可以在容器405下面不受妨碍地行驶。为了使得拖车410能够在容器405下面安全定位并且为了避免运输车辆撞上容器，在反向驾驶以将拖车410定位在容器405下面的同时，多个保护措施被提供，诸如a)在运输车辆上具有倒车摄像头，b)在驾驶员的驾驶室后面具有金属“缓冲”以使得驾驶员知道他何时就位，以及c)在容器405上(在容器405的面向倒车运输车辆的壁上)具有位置传感器，其在运输车辆大致接近正确定位时致动以将容器405重新装载到拖车410上。
一旦拖车410被定位在容器405下面，腿425就被垂直地缩回，如在图4M中示出，从而使容器405逐渐降低到拖车410上。图4N示出了拖车410上的处于存放位置的容器405。一旦到拖车410上，腿425就被垂直地完全缩回；此后，腿425被水平地完全缩回以被摆放在垂直凹陷420内。
根据本发明的一个方面，在容器在静止拖车上处于存放位置时也可以扫描移动对象(诸如车辆)。图4O示出了当卡车445经过时存放在静止拖车410上的容器405。过往卡车445被扫描以产生其放射线图像。在一个实施例中，当在拖车410上处于存放位置时容器405的高度对应于图3中的高度306。
拖车的底盘被合适地配备以保证装有X射线检查系统的容器被安全地存放到底盘上以供运输以及当被存放在底盘上时用于扫描对象。在一个实施例中，如在图5A中示出，拖车底盘505配备有位于底盘505的前面和后面的一对容器安装支架510，以及四个“V”形容器定位板515，在底盘505的每一个角处都有一个。如在图5B中示出，四个定位板515和对应的滚轴520(在容器525的底部处)保证了容器525当被降低到底盘505上时与前和后安装支架510对齐。在一个实施例中，在容器525已被降低到底盘505上之后，四个腿530向内侧移动到存放位置并且通过位于四个腿组件530的每一个上的角板535(angled plate)而被保持就位。每一个腿530的内侧端上的角板535定位到安装支架510的每一侧的托架(cradle)上，从而将容器525固定在底盘505上的存放位置。
图6是可以在本说明书中的检查系统中使用的本领域已知的辐射源和检测器组件600的示意性表示。在一个实施例中，组件600包括具有转盘X射线源602的形式的X射线源。将被扫描的对象以卡车或者货车604的形式被示出。在一个实施例中，检测器606被布置在卡车或者货车的与源相同的一侧。源被布置为在任何一个时间(即，在任何一个辐射事件或者爆发中)照射对象的单个区域。源产生严格准直的笔形束608，其照射对象604上的一点。辐射610在所有方向上被散射并且在检测器606处被检测到。检测器606测量每一辐射事件的辐射量，以提供关于在该事件期间被照射的对象的点的信息。
在另一个实施例中，在本说明书的检查系统中使用的X射线源包括用来产生X射线的扇形束以照射正被扫描的对象的多元件散射准直器；正被位于多元件准直器后面并且包括与每一个准直器元件相对应的一个检测器元件的分段检测器阵列检测到的来自对象的背散射X射线。这种X射线源在转让给本说明书的申请人并且通过引用而被整体结合于此的美国专利申请第13/368,202号中得到描述。
在本说明书中的另一个实施例中，X射线背散射源检测器组件被与基于高强度线性加速器的透射成像源检测器组件相结合，以使表面X射线背散射成像在空间上与体对象(bulk object)透射成像相关联，以作为在货物项目中检测非法材料和对象时的另一调查手段。
图7A示出了根据本说明书的一个实施例的源检测器组件。在这里，X射线线性加速器(linac)720被用来通过受检查对象722并且朝一组X射线检测器724射出高能(至少900keV)辐射的准直扇形束，该组X射线检测器724可以被用来形成受检查项目的高分辨率透射X射线成像。X射线线性加速器束是脉冲式的，以使得当受检查对象移动通过束时，一组一维投射可以被获取并且随后被堆叠在一起以形成二维图像。在该实施例中，X射线背散射检测器726被放在检查区域中与X射线线性加速器720位于同一侧的边缘附近但是向X射线束的一侧偏移以使得其不使透射X射线束本身衰减。
根据一个替代实施例，源720是具有在60keV到450keV的范围内的能量的低能X射线管源。
如在上面提到，在这里应当注意到除高能和低能X射线之外，辐射源在替代实施例中还可以是伽马射线、微波、光、射频、毫米波、太赫兹、红外和超声辐射中的一个或者组合。
图7B示出了根据本说明书的另一个实施例的源检测器组件。使用两个背散射成像检测器726，使得在初级束流(primary beam)的两侧中的任一个上都有一个是有利的。在一些实施例中，背散射检测器可以被不同地配置。在一些实施例中，可以存在仅一个背散射检测器。在其他实施例中，可以存在多于两个这种检测器。使用这种背散射源检测器组件的X射线检查系统在转让给本说明书的申请人并且通过引用而被整体结合于此的美国专利申请第12/993,831号中得到描述。
在另一个实施例中，本说明书提供了一种包括四个分立背散射源检测器组件的多视图源/检测器组件，这四个分立背散射源检测器组件重复使用来自一个背散射系统的笔形束来照射来自第二背散射系统的大面积检测器，以使得可以实现使用同一组四个X射线束的同时多侧背散射和透射成像。
图8是在根据本说明书的一个实施例的X射线检查系统中使用的多视图X射线源检测器组件。在一个实施例中，系统800具有由三个同时活动的旋转X射线束805、806和807使能的三视图配置，其中多个检测器在一个实施例中相应地以透射配置布置以形成扫描隧道820。系统800根据本说明书的一个目的提供了高度的检查能力，同时以明显低的X射线剂量实现该检查能力，这是因为与通常具有大量像素化X射线检测器和扇形束X射线辐射的传统现有技术行扫描系统相比，在任何时刻照射的空间的体积较低。如在图8中示出，在同时采集的三个X射线视图之间几乎没有串扰。
为了使能多视图扫描，在另一个实施例中，本发明的辐射检查系统可以以驾驶通过入口的格式操作。图9A和9B示出了装有检查系统的容器905的一个实施例，其具有可向下翻折的外壁910和可垂直伸展的天花板915。如在图9B中示出，一旦容器905在监控地点处靠四个腿930部署，天花板915就被垂直地伸展并且外壁910(参照图9A)被向下翻折以形成斜坡935，该斜坡935使得诸如轿车之类的目标车辆能够驶上斜坡935并且驶过容器905。
图9C示出了具有垂直伸展的天花板915和形成斜坡935的向下翻折的壁的被形成为驾驶通过入口的容器905的侧横截面示意图。在一个实施例中，X射线源920被定位在天花板915处并且多个检测器被设在容器905内。在一个实施例中，三个检测器阵列被策略性地定位：第一检测器在地板或者底部925上并且第二和第三检测器阵列被定位在容器905中的两个固定壁940内。在另外的实施例中，一个或多个检测器被放置在天花板915处，诸如在源920的两侧中的任一侧上都有一个，以使得能够生成穿过容器905的目标车辆的背散射和透射扫描图像两者。在另外的实施例中，附加的辐射源被放置在侧壁940处以使能图8中的多视图检查系统800。
根据本说明书的一个方面，在每一个检测器段821在任何一个时间被不多于一个主X射线束照射的情况下，对系统800中可被同时采集的视图的数目几乎没有限制。在一个实施例中，在图8中示出的检测器配置830包括12个检测器段821，每一个约1m长以形成3m(宽度)x 3m(高度)的检查隧道。在一个实施例中，检测器配置830能够支持六个独立的X射线视图以允许相邻检测器之间的扫掠X射线视图的转换。包括0.5m长的检测器段821的替代实施例能够支持多达12个独立的X射线图像视图。
本领域普通技术人员应当认识到，在本说明书的系统800中，检测器材料的体积独立于将被采集的视图的数目并且读出电子的密度与传统的现有技术的像素化X射线检测器阵列相比是相当低的。此外，可以从合适额定的高电压发生器驱动多个X射线源从而使得附加的X射线源能够被相对简单/方便地添加。这些特征使得本说明书中的高密度多视图系统800在安全筛选的背景中可以是有利可行的。这种多视图X射线检查系统在转让给本说明书的申请人并且通过引用而被整体结合于此的美国专利申请第13/756,211号中已经得到描述。
如对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的，在本说明书中的便携式x射线检查系统中可以使用多个类型的X射线源检测器组件，诸如但不限于在上面描述的示例性源检测器组件。
因此，本说明书中的便携式x射线检查系统是可被从一个监视地点容易地运输到另一个而不需要专门的昂贵运输车辆的坚固耐用的检查系统。另外，该便携式X射线检查系统是重量轻的系统，其可被装在盒中以进行运输并且容易部署在多个监控位置处。
上面的示例仅仅是本说明书中的系统的许多应用的例示。尽管本说明书中的仅几个实施例已被在此描述，但是应当理解，本说明书在不脱离本说明书的精神或范围的情况下可被以许多其他特定形式实现。因此，当前示例和实施例将被看作例示性的而非限制性的。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于筛选受检查对象并被配置为在车辆的拖车上运输的检查系统，包括：
容器，其具有四个壁、四个角、天花板和底部并且定义封闭体积，其中在存放位置，所述容器被搁置在所述车辆的拖车部分上；
定位在所述封闭体积内的至少一个辐射源，其中来自所述辐射源的发射定义了视场；
至少一个检测器阵列，其被定位在所述封闭体积中或者物理地附接到所述容器；
定位在所述四个角中的每一个处的活塞，其中每个活塞被配置为从收缩状态向伸展状态水平地移动；以及
四个腿，所述四个腿中的每一个在所述四个角中的每一个处附接到相应的所述活塞，其中所述四个腿中的每一个都适合于基于所附接的活塞的移动能够从所述四个角中的每一个处水平地向外伸展和能够收缩到所述四个角中的每一个中，其中所述四个腿中的每一个在向外伸展时能够垂直地向下伸展，使得所述四个腿与地面相接触，从而将所述容器从所述拖车部分抬离并垂直地调整到距地面水平的至少一个高度位置，其中所述至少一个高度位置是使用多个数据来确定的。
2.如权利要求1所述的检查系统，其中，所述多个数据包括受检查对象的尺寸、期望的检查区域、检测器阵列配置、期望的视场、X射线源类型、X射线源配置、约束结构或者人的存在中的至少一个。
3.如权利要求1所述的检查系统，其中，所述容器还包括在四个角中的每一个处的用来容纳所述多个腿的垂直凹陷。
4.如权利要求3所述的检查系统，其中，在存放位置，所述四个腿被搁置在所述垂直凹陷内，以相对于所述容器的垂直壁至少部分地嵌入摆放。
5.如权利要求1所述的检查系统，其中，在部署位置，每个腿与所述地面相接触并且所述容器不被搁置在运输车辆的拖车部分上。
6.如权利要求1所述的检查系统，其中，所述至少一个源和所述至少一个检测器阵列被配置为从受检查对象生成扫描信息。
7.如权利要求1所述的检查系统，其中，一旦被部署，所述腿就被伸缩地缩回以使得所述容器与所述地面相接触，并且所述容器的所述四个壁中的两个被向下翻折。
8.如权利要求7所述的检查系统，其中，一旦所述容器的所述四个壁中的两个被向下翻折，则所述天花板适合于垂直地向上伸展，以在监控地点处形成驾驶通过入口。
9.如权利要求1所述的检查系统，其中，所述至少一个源和所述至少一个检测器阵列被配置为生成受检查对象的多视图扫描图像。
10.一种部署检查系统的方法，所述检查系统包括：具有四个壁、天花板和底部并且定义封闭体积的容器，其中所述容器被存放在运输车辆的拖车部分上；定位在所述封闭体积内的至少一个辐射源，其中来自所述辐射源的发射定义了视场；定位在所述封闭体积内或者物理地附接到所述容器的至少一个检测器阵列；以及在所述容器的四个角中的每一个处经由活塞附接到所述容器的多个腿，所述方法包括：
使用所述活塞中的至少一个使所述多个腿中的至少一个从所述容器的四个角水平地向外伸展；
使所述多个腿中的每一个垂直地向下伸展，以使得所述多个腿中的每一个在监控地点处与地面相接触；
继续使所述多个腿中的每一个垂直地向下伸展以使得在所述监控地点处所述容器能够被从所述拖车部分抬离并且完全靠所述多个腿支撑；以及
使所述拖车部分驶离所述监控地点。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述多个腿的高度被调节以适应多个扫描高度。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述容器在所述地面之上的高度是使用多个数据来确定的，其中所述多个数据包括受检查对象的尺寸、期望的检查区域、检测器阵列配置、期望的视场、X射线源类型、X射线源配置、约束结构和人的存在中的至少一个。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述多个腿适合于被完全缩回以使得所述容器被定位在地面水平处，并且其中所述容器的四个壁中的两个被向下翻折并且所述天花板被垂直地向上伸展以在所述监控地点处形成驾驶通过入口。
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| CN105379425A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
| WO2014121097A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
| BR112014013226A2 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
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| CA2898654C (en) | 2020-02-25 |
| US9791590B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
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| AU2014212158B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
| BR112014013226B1 (pt) | 2021-08-24 |
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| EP2952068A4 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
| EP2952068A1 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| MX350070B (es) | 2017-08-25 |
| US10317566B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
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