CN104081983B - The plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine - Google Patents
The plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104081983B CN104081983B CN201410316004.0A CN201410316004A CN104081983B CN 104081983 B CN104081983 B CN 104081983B CN 201410316004 A CN201410316004 A CN 201410316004A CN 104081983 B CN104081983 B CN 104081983B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it comprises the following steps: the nursery of (1) protection bucket: adopt the nursery of degradable protection bucket; (2) plant seedlings mechanization transplanting and protection: protection bucket and plant seedlings are utilized motorisation unit to carry out entirety and transplant.The method of the invention substantially increases the survival rate of plant in Desert Area, improve seedling quality, achieve the standardization of nursery stock, ensure that nursery stock is transported safely, and improve plantation efficiency, reduce cost, becoming the effective way of administering desertification and realizing industrialization, is the following preferred plan of administering desertification and realizing industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, especially relate to the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection being applicable to Desert Area combines, belong to forestry and desertification control technical field.
Background technology
The desertification situation of China is very severe, points out according to the State Administration of Forestry in 1998 material that the government departments such as office deliver that prevents and controls desertification, and China is one of serious country of desertification in the world.How to administer the difficult problem that desertification has become in the urgent need to address.
The most scarce in desert is water, and to utilize biological and engineering measure to construct protection forest system be solve the optimum method that water body runs off, and plant can be checked winds and fixed drifting sand simultaneously, is the most effective way of effecting a radical cure desertification.But, plant is at seedling development stage, seedling vegetative stage, inevitably by the restriction of growing environment factor, particularly be planted in the plant of wild environment, the impact of climate, insect pest, surface factor, and manual intervention not in time, management method is improper etc., all can cause dying young of plant, reduce its storage rate, the Greening functions that plant should play can not be played.How solving the survival rate of plant in rugged environment is key to the issue, needs to avoid high temperature, drift sand, damage by disease and insect to the injury of plant by a kind of effective means, improves survival rate.
Existing eremophytes nursery mainly adopts field seedling-cultivating method, nursery stock size, length are uneven, during lifting, main root is fractureed, worm etc. in spite of illness, lack high-quality, standardization nursery stock, not only have impact on survival rate, be also unfavorable for planting mechanization, and adopt feeding block seedlings raising, nutritive cube only plays the carrier function of nursery, and during transplanting, nutritive cube can remove or is buried in plant roots in plantation hole and completes mission; Protective jacket under existing non-irrigated condition and pipe fitting guard technology, only overlap protective jacket or pipe fitting again after plant seedlings is first transplanted in desert field, be difficult to realize mechanized operation, can not be the growth of seedling supply Nutrients uptake with Nutrition Soil, and protector and seedling are separately transports, this can cause cost to increase; Desert field adopts direct-seeding plant seed to overlap protective jacket or pipe fitting more simultaneously, and survival rate is low, is only 40 ~ 50%.That is in present desert treatment process, seedling raising process, transplanting process, protection process are not organic connections, and not only seedling quality is difficult to ensure, transplanting mechanization is also difficult to realize, and efficiency and effect are difficult to ensure.Therefore; how to realize nursery, transplanting and protection to organically combine; effective raising eremophytes seedling quality, promote plantation storage rate and the enforcement being beneficial to planting mechanization becomes the key factor advancing extensive desertification treatment, otherwise improvement desertification becomes unreachable dream.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provide a kind of can effectively reinforced polyamide stability, improve the polyamide thermal oxide stabilization additives of the yellowing resistance of polyamide.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The plant cultivation method that nursery, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) bucket nursery is protected: protection bucket is the staving of a upper end open, load formula nutritional soil therein, the distance of the upper port of the upper surface distance staving of described formula nutritional soil is 2 ~ 10cm, after the protection bucket installing Nutrition Soil is arranged, plant seed is seeded in formula nutritional soil or by plants shoots cuttage and enters (position of sowing or cuttage is preferably the center of formula nutritional soil) in formula nutritional soil, when sowing for plant seed, also need after having sowed, cover last layer formula nutritional soil again on the surface of formula nutritional soil, then daily water is carried out, fertile, pest management and control, cultivate plants seedling,
(2) plant seedlings mechanization transplanting and protection: be transported to the Desert Area needing treatment after first step (1) being cultivated the plant seedlings and protection bucket entire package obtained, then, (described planting machinery is commercially available to utilize planting machinery, as Portable digging machine for planting trees) first dig pit, then protection bucket is implanted in the soil of Desert Area together with plant seedlings entirety, in the place that eremophytes planting machinery cannot be implemented, employing manual type is planted, wherein, the degree of depth that protection bucket is placed into the soil is 20 ~ 35cm, be highly 5 ~ 15cm on the ground, finally by the soil compaction around protection bucket, carry out the daily management of Desert Area planting transplanting, described protection bucket forms the rhizome protection of 1-3 to the seedling after transplanting.
Further, the material of described protection bucket is degradation material is polythene PE, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene PP, calcium carbonate, fine sand, one or more in degradable biological polymer.
And described protection bucket is a cylindricality drum, the sidewall of cylindricality drum is double layer hollow wall, the inside of double layer hollow wall forms air layer, and the bottom of cylindricality drum and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant stretches out hole, is mainly used in seedling individual less plant when nursery goes out garden.
Or, described protection bucket is a monolayer composite bucket, it comprises upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel, and the sidewall of described upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel is single layer structure, the internal diameter of described upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel reduces the horn-like structure of formation by upper port gradually to bottom, and upper sleeve is set on the bucket wall of bottom Planting barrel, and described upper sleeve is identical with the external diameter of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel at the internal diameter of 1/3 ~ 2/3 At The Height, in addition, the bottom of described bottom Planting barrel and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant and stretch out hole, seedling individual larger plant when going out garden when being mainly used in nursery.
Further, described formula nutritional soil is Desert Sand, mineral nutrition, clay, turfy soil, water-loss reducer, vermiculite, perlite and pig of becoming thoroughly decomposed, sheep, one or more in cow dung.
In addition, the Desert Area described in step (2) is a kind of area at least had in following condition: temperature >=50 DEG C at distance surface layer 0 ~ 2cm place; Dust storm is larger; Small animal harm is serious.
Or the Desert Area described in step (2) comprises desert, wasteland and loess plateau.
Or described Desert Area comprises desert, Gobi desert and Rocky Desertification Region.
And described plant is any one in the plant such as Haloxylon plant, diversiform-leaved poplar, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, red building, willow, elm, arrow-leaved oleaster, husky honey raisin tree, sea-buckthorn, caragana microphylla, hedysarum scoparium, white thorn, salix monogolica, Cathay poplar.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention, by protection bucket, achieves the combination of the effective protection under facility condition after eremophytes nursery, mechanization transplanting and transplanting.Not only effectively improve the quality of eremophytes nursery stock, achieve the standardization of nursery stock, ensure that nursery stock is transported safely; And be beneficial to the operation of eremophytes planting mechanization, improve plantation efficiency, reduce cost; Desert plantation can also be realized not by the restriction in season; In addition, can also for providing nutrient and moisture under Desert Conditions, growth promoting effects by carrying Nutrition Soil and water-loss reducer for seedling.Production method of the present invention synthetically, effectively promotes the survival rate of eremophytes under desert rigor condition, makes plant under extremely severe condition, not need too much manual intervention just can survive; Survival rate and storage rate than the protective jacket under existing non-irrigated condition and pipe fitting guard technology taller go out 20 ~ 30%.These effective ways of all administering desertification by becoming and realizing industrialization are the following preferred plan of administering desertification and realizing industrialization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cylindricality drum of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the polycrystalline substance schematic diagram of cylindrical barrel of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of bottom of the present invention Planting barrel;
Fig. 4 is the polycrystalline substance schematic diagram of bottom of the present invention Planting barrel;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of upper sleeve of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of monolayer composite bucket of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of cylindricality drum filling formulation Nutrition Soil of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of bottom of the present invention Planting barrel filling formulation Nutrition Soil;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation discharged after cylindricality drum filling formulation Nutrition Soil of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the view after cylindricality drum of the present invention nursery;
Figure 11 is the view after the Planting barrel nursery of bottom of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the view after transplanting after cylindricality drum of the present invention nursery;
Figure 13 is the view after transplanting after monolayer composite bucket of the present invention nursery.
In figure, Main Reference Numerals implication is:
1, the bottom of cylindricality drum 11, double layer hollow wall 12, cylindricality drum
13, root system of plant stretches out hole 2, monolayer composite bucket 21, upper sleeve
22, bottom Planting barrel 23, the bottom 3 of bottom Planting barrel, soil.
Embodiment
Be that the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Choice experiment place, namely the desert areas of plant transplantation is selected in, earth's surface, Desert Area high temperature, dust storm and small animal to be gnawed etc. and threatened is the key factor hindering plant shoots storage rate and grow, some regions cause the temperature of surface layer 0 ~ 2cm very high because of direct sunlight, therefore test the area that direct sunlight should be selected in place, and wind-engaging sand shadow rings larger place.
In the present embodiment,
one, place is implemented:
Choosing Inner Mongol Tengger desert NORTHEAST MARGIN is desert afforestation demonstration area, and this region is extremely harsh desert habitat, and summer, surface temperature was usually up to more than 60 DEG C; Base, nursery is at Alashan Reservoir Estimation in Bayanhot suburban area.
two, implement scale:
The red building seedling of 500 cuttages; The Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling of 500 strain sowings.
three, the time is implemented:
In March, 2013.
four, the selection of cuttage plants shoots and the preparation of sowing seed:
Select healthy and strong with young shoot, be red building branches for cuttage without the red building branch of damage by disease and insect, long about 40cm, thick 1-2cm, and branch is placed in pond to soak and gets final product cuttage in 2 ~ 3 days, in order to improve survival rate, available root-inducing powder 100mg/kg immersion 5 ~ 6h before cuttage; Glycyrrhiza Seeds is first selected, is immersed by seed in the warm water of 60 DEG C and also ceaselessly stirs, pulled out by seed and be immersed in clear water after water temperature drop, until expand, pull out and drain and can sow before sowing.
five, protection bucket is prepared:
For Radix Glycyrrhizae, select cylindricality drum 1, the sidewall of cylindricality drum is double layer hollow wall 11, and the inside of double layer hollow wall 11 forms air layer, and the bottom 12 of cylindricality drum and sidewall 11 bottom are provided with root system of plant stretches out hole 13(as depicted in figs. 1 and 2).And the internal diameter of described cylindricality drum 1 is 5cm, total height is 40cm, and the wall thickness of sidewall 11 is 0.4cm.
In cylindricality drum 1, filling the formula nutritional soil being suitable for growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, (formula of described Nutrition Soil is for be made into by volume with Desert Sand, vermiculite, perlite and decay sheep excrement, ratio is: Sha Mo Sha ︰ Zhi Shi ︰ Zhen Zhu Yan ︰ decay sheep excrement=5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 4), the upper surface of formula nutritional soil apart from the distance of the upper port of cylindricality drum 1 be 5cm(as shown in Figure 7); Then the cylindricality drum 1 filling up formula nutritional soil is arranged in facility condition next row one and neatly place (as shown in Figure 9).
And for red building: select monolayer composite bucket 2(as shown in Figure 6), it comprises upper sleeve 21 and bottom Planting barrel 22, and the sidewall of described upper sleeve 21 and bottom Planting barrel 22 is single layer structure, described upper sleeve 21 and the internal diameter of bottom Planting barrel 22 reduce the horn-like structure of formation by upper port gradually to bottom, and upper sleeve 21 is set on the bucket wall of bottom Planting barrel 22, and described upper sleeve 21 is identical with the external diameter of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel 22 at the internal diameter of 1/3 ~ 2/3 At The Height, in addition, the bottom 23 of described bottom Planting barrel and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant and stretch out hole 13.
And in the present embodiment, the external diameter of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel 22 is 6cm, bottom 23 external diameter of bottom Planting barrel is 4.5cm, total height is 25cm, side thickness 0.2cm, and the internal diameter of the upper port of upper sleeve 21 is 7cm, the internal diameter of lower port is 5.5cm, total height is 30cm, after sidewall be 0.2cm(as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4).
The formula nutritional soil (for be made into by volume with Desert Sand, vermiculite, perlite and decay sheep excrement, ratio is the formula of described Nutrition Soil: Sha Mo Sha ︰ Zhi Shi ︰ Zhen Zhu Yan ︰ decay sheep excrement=5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 1.5 ︰ 2) of suitable red building growth is filled in lower portion Planting barrel 22; The upper surface of formula nutritional soil apart from the distance of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel 22 be 5cm(as shown in Figure 5); Then the bottom Planting barrel 22 filling up formula nutritional soil is arranged in facility condition next row one and neatly place (as shown in Figure 8).
six, cuttage and sowing:
Glycyrrhiza Seeds is seeded into the center in the formula nutritional soil in cylindricality drum 1,2-3 grain Glycyrrhiza Seeds sowed by each cylindricality drum 1, then, after having sowed, cover last layer formula nutritional soil on the surface of formula nutritional soil again, after emerging, each cylindricality drum 1 retains 1 ~ 2 strain seedling (as shown in Figure 10);
Red building branch cutting is entered the center of formula nutritional soil in monolayer composite bucket 2, plant dark 10 ~ 20cm, cuttage one (as shown in figure 11) in each monolayer composite bucket 2.
According to the demand of growing of red building and Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling, carry out normal water, fertilizer, pest management and control, cultivate red building and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
seven, garden and transport is gone out:
By the end of September, after Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling culture is good (as shown in Figure 10), by cylindricality drum 1 together with Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling packing and transporting to the Tengger desert base that need administer; Or described monolayer composite bucket 2 is inserted described upper sleeve 21(as shown in Figure 6 together with red building seedling), then packing and transporting is to the desert base that need administer.
eight: transplant:
Portable digging machine for planting trees Y1 type (manufacture of Qufu Li Feng agricultural machinery Co., Ltd) is utilized first to dig pit, then will protect bucket implants in hole together with plant seedlings entirety, in the place that planting machinery cannot be implemented, employing manual type is planted, wherein, the degree of depth that protection bucket is placed into the soil is 20 ~ 35cm, be highly 5 ~ 15cm on the ground, finally by the soil compaction (as shown in Figure 12,13) around protection bucket, carry out the daily management of Desert Area planting transplanting, described protection bucket forms the rhizome overall integrity protection of 1-3 to the seedling after transplanting.
nine, experimental result:
From October so far, every about 2 ~ 4 months record Radix Glycyrrhizaes and red building plant survival rate situation, in table 1.
Table 1: the survival rate application form of red building and Radix Glycyrrhizae
As shown in Table 1: the survival rate of the plant of method cultivation of the present invention reaches more than 97%, and the present invention, by protection bucket, achieves the combination of the effective protection under facility condition after eremophytes nursery, mechanization transplanting and transplanting.Not only effectively improve the quality of eremophytes nursery stock, achieve the standardization of nursery stock, ensure that nursery stock is transported safely; And be beneficial to the operation of eremophytes planting mechanization, improve plantation efficiency, reduce cost; Desert plantation can also be realized not by the restriction in season; In addition, can also for providing nutrient and moisture under Desert Conditions, growth promoting effects by carrying Nutrition Soil and water-loss reducer for seedling.Production method of the present invention synthetically, effectively promotes the survival rate of eremophytes under desert rigor condition, makes plant under extremely severe condition, not need too much manual intervention just can survive; Survival rate and storage rate than the protective jacket under existing non-irrigated condition and pipe fitting guard technology taller go out 20 ~ 30%.These effective ways of all administering desertification by becoming and realizing industrialization are the following preferred plan of administering desertification and realizing industrialization.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of patent of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from patent principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the plant cultivation method that nursery, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) bucket nursery is protected: protection bucket is the staving of a upper end open, and it is a cylindricality drum, the sidewall of cylindricality drum is double layer hollow wall, the inside of double layer hollow wall forms air layer, and the bottom of cylindricality drum and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant stretches out hole, load formula nutritional soil therein, the distance of the upper port of the upper surface distance staving of described formula nutritional soil is 2 ~ 10cm, after the protection bucket installing Nutrition Soil is arranged, plant seed is seeded into and enters in formula nutritional soil in formula nutritional soil or by plants shoots cuttage, when sowing for plant seed, also need after having sowed, cover last layer formula nutritional soil again on the surface of formula nutritional soil, then daily water is carried out, fertile, pest management and control, cultivate plants seedling,
(2) plant seedlings mechanization transplanting and protection: be transported to the Desert Area needing to administer after first step (1) being cultivated the plant seedlings and protection bucket entire package obtained, then, planting machinery is utilized first to dig pit, then protection bucket is implanted in the soil of Desert Area together with plant seedlings entirety, in the place that eremophytes planting machinery cannot be implemented, employing manual type is planted, wherein, the degree of depth that protection bucket is placed into the soil is 20 ~ 35cm, be highly 5 ~ 15cm on the ground, finally by the soil compaction around protection bucket, carry out the daily management of Desert Area planting transplanting, described protection bucket forms the rhizome protection of 1-3 to the seedling after transplanting.
2. the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery according to claim 1, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it is characterized in that, the material of described protection bucket is polythene PE, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene PP, calcium carbonate, fine sand, one or more compositions in degradable biological polymer.
3. a kind of nursery according to claim 1 and 2, the plant cultivation method that mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it is characterized in that, described protection bucket is a monolayer composite bucket, it comprises upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel, and the sidewall of described upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel is single layer structure, the internal diameter of described upper sleeve and bottom Planting barrel reduces the horn-like structure of formation by upper port gradually to bottom, and upper sleeve is set on the bucket wall of bottom Planting barrel, and described upper sleeve is identical with the external diameter of the upper port of bottom Planting barrel at the internal diameter of 1/3 ~ 2/3 At The Height, in addition, the bottom of described bottom Planting barrel and lower sidewall are provided with root system of plant and stretch out hole.
4. the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery according to claim 1, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it is characterized in that, described formula nutritional soil is Desert Sand, mineral nutrition, clay, turfy soil, water-loss reducer, vermiculite, perlite and pig of becoming thoroughly decomposed, sheep, one or more in cow dung.
5. the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery according to claim 1, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it is characterized in that, the Desert Area described in step (2) is a kind of area at least had in following condition: temperature >=50 DEG C at distance surface layer 0 ~ 2cm place; Dust storm is larger; Small animal harm is serious.
6. the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery according to claim 1 or 5, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it is characterized in that, the Desert Area described in step (2) comprises desert, wasteland and loess plateau.
7. the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery according to claim 1 or 5, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it is characterized in that, described Desert Area comprises desert, Gobi desert and Rocky Desertification Region.
8. the plant cultivation method that a kind of nursery according to claim 1, mechanization transplanting and seedling protection combine, it is characterized in that, described plant is any one in Haloxylon plant, diversiform-leaved poplar, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, red building, willow, elm, arrow-leaved oleaster, husky honey raisin tree, sea-buckthorn, caragana microphylla, hedysarum scoparium, white thorn, salix monogolica, Cathay poplar.
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| JP3811801B2 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2006-08-23 | 利行 饗庭 | Seedling pot and sandland greening method |
| CN102754572B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2014-10-29 | 北京化工大学 | Plant cultivating substrate as well as preparation method and application of same |
| CN102204500B (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-06-20 | 南京农业大学 | Method for improving survival rate of directly sown seedlings and transplanting seedlings of haloxylon plants in desert and half-desert environment |
| CN102860231B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-10-09 | 江苏花海农业科技有限公司 | Production method of integrated afforestation nutrition pot |
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