CN104041377B - A kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area - Google Patents
A kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104041377B CN104041377B CN201410315769.2A CN201410315769A CN104041377B CN 104041377 B CN104041377 B CN 104041377B CN 201410315769 A CN201410315769 A CN 201410315769A CN 104041377 B CN104041377 B CN 104041377B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area, comprise and select eremophytes material, make protection bucket, the nursery of protection bucket, the steps such as seedling replanting plantation, carry out in the recovery of Haloxylon plant woods and construction process on a large scale in desert and Semi-desert Area, solve that only to plant Haloxylon plant benefit single, the problem such as under non-irrigated condition intercropping economic plants survival rate is low, establish the technical system of Haloxylon plant and the reasonable intercropping of economic plants under desert and non-irrigated condition, achieve the ecology of desert treatment, the organic unity of economic and social benefit, there is good application prospect, it is following improvement desert, realize the preferred plan of industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of intercropping, be specifically related to a kind of be applicable to Desert Area by the method for Haloxylon plant and economic plants intercropping, belong to forestry and Desertification Control field.
Background technology
The desertification situation of China is very severe, point out according to the State Administration of Forestry in 1998 material that the government departments such as office deliver that prevents and controls desertification, China is one of serious country of desertification in the world, how to administer the difficult problem that desertification has become in the urgent need to address.
Li Ke Haloxylon plant, the whole world has 11 kinds, is mainly distributed in the vast desert area of Mediterranean to the Central Asia, grows at active dune, semifixed dune, saline soil and conglomerate re servoir.Sacsaoul is the plant resources of NORTHWEST CHINA desert and semidesert area preciousness, the seeds that Ye Shi China arid-desert area dune fixation afforestation area is maximum, at these regional preventing and fixing sands, slow down desertification, safeguard that ecological safety has irreplaceable ecologic niche and important value.
But, in sacsaoul afforestation process, the competitive relation after growing into forest under considering the exceedingly odious condition of desert between strain and strain, every mu suitable planting Haloxylon plant 50-100 strain, therefore cause between the 1-4 before growing into forest, Haloxylon plant cover degree is little, and preventing and fixing sand ecological effect is poor; And plant single Haloxylon plant, anti-disaster ability is weak, and lie dormant the disastrous risks such as damage by disease and insect.In order to improve the early stage vegetation cover degree of Haloxylon plant afforestation desert and realize organic unity that is ecological, economic and social benefit, domesticly also expand the eremophytes that intercropping under some non-irrigated conditions has economic worth (woods fruit, medicinal, edible, herbage, ecology etc.), but these have the live seedling of economic worth eremophytes and transplanted seedling survival rate very low (less than 1 ~ 5%), this and surface layer high temperature, arid, dust storm are buried has very large relation with factors such as cattle grazings.In addition, in Desert Area afforestation process, domestic current adopts the mode such as drip irrigation and spray irrigation to realize intercropping when having an economic worth eremophytes, although sacsaoul effectively can be improved and have economic worth eremophytes survival rate, but there is mu input cost, high (only mu equipment investment is at least more than 1000 yuan, mu total input cost is at least more than 1500-2000 unit), and the bottleneck problem such as water consumption is large, not easily spread, the area particularly lacked in water resource more should not be promoted, and limits its application.
Therefore, how effectively realizing Haloxylon plant and economic plants intercropping in Desert Area, reach the ecology of desert treatment, the organic unity of economic and social benefit, is a large problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly be applicable to the Haloxylon plant of Desert Area and the method for economic plants intercropping.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Be applicable to a method for the intercropping of Desert Area, comprise the steps:
S1, selection eremophytes material: comprise Haloxylon plant or economic plants, wherein, Haloxylon plant is plant seed or the raw seedling of 1-2, and economic plants is plant seed or the raw seedling of 1-2;
S2, making protection bucket: protection bucket comprises first kind protection bucket and Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket, wherein, first kind protection bucket is a cylindricality drum, the sidewall of cylindricality drum is double layer hollow wall, the inside of double layer hollow wall forms air layer, and the bottom of cylindricality drum and lower sidewall are provided with some root systems of plant stretches out hole; Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket comprises: top cover bucket and bottom Planting barrel, described top cover bucket and bottom Planting barrel be single layer structure and horn-like in what shrink from top to bottom, the bottom of bottom Planting barrel and lower sidewall are provided with some root systems of plant and stretch out hole, the bottom open-ended of top cover bucket, can bottom Planting barrel be limited in wherein, the upper mouth of the staving of bottom Planting barrel is positioned at the high 1/3-2/3 place of top cover bucket bucket, and has the bowl portion stretching out hole all overlaps bucket bottom from top and stretch out;
S3, protection bucket nursery: seedling individual little plant when garden goes out for nursery, its seed be sown into the center of formula nutritional soil in described first kind protection bucket and cover upper thin layer formula nutritional soil, or its branch cutting being entered the center of formula nutritional soil; Seedling individual large plant when going out garden for nursery, is sown into the center of formula nutritional soil in the bottom Planting barrel of described Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket and covers upper thin layer formula nutritional soil, or its branch cutting being entered the center of formula nutritional soil by its seed; Then according to the demand of growing of plant seedlings, water, fertilizer, pest management and control is carried out; Described formula nutritional soil is one or more in Desert Sand, mineral nutrition, clay, turfy soil, water-loss reducer, vermiculite, perlite and decay sheep excrement;
S4, seedling replanting are planted: be transported to desert base by after plant seedlings and the packing of protection bucket, the staving of protection bucket implanted 20-35cm in soil, stays 5-15cm on the ground, and by the soil compaction of staving periphery; Plant seedlings comprises Haloxylon plant seedlings and economic plants seedling, the mode of intercropping is adopted during plantation, first on desert base, plant Haloxylon plant, then in plantation then or 2-3 and adopt the nursery of protection bucket, transplanting method intercropping economic plants after growing into forest.
Preferably, in described step S4, intercropping is: adopt Haloxylon plant+a kind of economic plants intercropping or adopt Haloxylon plant+two kinds and above economic plants intercropping.
As a kind of intercropping mode, Haloxylon planting becomes row/column, then neat plantation 1-8 row/column economic plants between adjacent two Haloxylon plants.
As another kind of intercropping mode, adopt large gauge grid to carry out intercropping, Haloxylon planting is on grid lines, and every limit 4-50 is capable, seeding row spacing 1-5 rice, forms shelter belt; Stay desert area 5-200 mu in grid, plantation economic plants, forms the intercropping layout pattern of " narrow forest belt, grid ".
Preferably, described economic plants is selected from annual herb plant: chickpea, husky rice, or two to perennial plant: in desert thin,tough silk wormwood artemisia, husky green onion, Sophora alopecuroide, bluish dogbane, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Chinese ephedra, husky honey raisin tree, matrimony vine, camel thorn, Radix Isatidis, Eremurus chinensis, sea-buckthorn, clover, Bermuda grass, caper or wild flax any one or multiple.
Preferably, the planting density of described Haloxylon plant is 50-100 plant/acre; Economic plants selects the words of the husky green onion of annual herb plant chickpea, Sha meter and herbaceos perennial, Sophora alopecuroide, intercropping density is 100-500 cave/mu, select two to perennial plant desert thin,tough silk wormwood artemisia, bluish dogbane, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Chinese ephedra, husky honey raisin tree, matrimony vine, camel thorn, sea-buckthorn, Radix Isatidis, Eremurus chinensis, caper, wild flax, clover, Bermuda grass, intercropping density is 50 ~ 200 plants/acre.
Preferably, described Haloxylon plant can adopt following plant to replace: diversiform-leaved poplar, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, red building, willow, elm, arrow-leaved oleaster, husky honey raisin tree, sea-buckthorn, caragana microphylla, hedysarum scoparium, white thorn, salix monogolica, Cathay poplar.
Further, also comprise step S5, after annual economic plants plants results then, Second Year arranges the protection bucket used last year or damaged components replace after continuation sow wherein; Perennial economic plants, ensureing on the basis that its energy continued growth is grown, after results have the part of economic worth, imposes quick-acting fertilizer or composite fertilizer.
Preferably, described protection bucket is made up of degradation material, and described degradation material is one or more in polythene PE, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene PP, calcium carbonate, fine sand, degradable biological polymer.
Usefulness of the present invention is: carry out in the recovery of Haloxylon plant woods and construction process on a large scale in desert and Semi-desert Area, solve and only plant that Haloxylon plant benefit is single, the problems such as intercropping economic plants survival rate is low under non-irrigated condition, establish the technical system of Haloxylon plant and the reasonable intercropping of economic plants under desert and non-irrigated condition, achieve the ecology of desert treatment, the organic unity of economic and social benefit, having good application prospect, is the following preferred plan of administering desert, realizing industrialization.
(1), in Haloxylon plant afforestation process, competitive relation after growing into forest under considering the exceedingly odious condition of desert and semidesert between strain and strain, every mu suitable planting Haloxylon plant 50-100 strain, thus cause between the 1-4 before growing into forest, Haloxylon plant cover degree is little, not only preventing and fixing sand ecological effect is poor, and the place large at dust storm also can affect growing of Haloxylon plant.And adopt method of the present invention, by intercropping economic plants in Haloxylon plant afforestation process, can effectively improve Haloxylon plant grow into forest before forest land in vegetation cover degree, accelerate to improve preventing and fixing sand ability, promote growing of Haloxylon plant.
(2), Haloxylon plant inherently desert build group species, the present invention is adopted to realize Haloxylon plant and have economic worth (woods fruit, medicinal, edible, herbage and the ecological value) the reasonable intercropping of eremophytes, not only can overcome single cropping Haloxylon plant and only there are ecological benefits and economic benefit single (usual inoculating cistanche salsa), social benefit is poor, anti-disaster ability is weak, the problem of the disastrous risks such as damage by disease and insect that lie dormant, and the ecology in Haloxylon plant woods between various eremophytes and economic benefit complementation can be promoted, by the ecological effect of Haloxylon plant as far as possible, perform to maximum as early as possible, realize desert treatment ecology, the organic unity of economic and social benefit.
(3), in desert and semidesert area afforestation process, domestic current adopt the mode such as drip irrigation and spray irrigation realize described in intercropping have an economic worth eremophytes time, although Haloxylon plant effectively can be improved and have economic worth eremophytes survival rate, but there is mu input cost, high (only mu equipment investment is at least more than 1000 yuan, mu total input cost is at least more than 1500-2000 unit), and there is the bottleneck problems such as water consumption is large, not easily spread, particularly more should not promote in the area that water resource comparatively lacks, limit its application.The present invention is adopted to possess under certain ecological condition, in Haloxylon plant afforestation process, effectively can improve Haloxylon plant under non-irrigated condition and have storage rate and the amount of growth of economic plants, realize the reasonable intercropping of Haloxylon plant and economic plants, and mu input cost relatively low (less than 1000 yuan, generally about 600-800 unit/mu), water consumption little, be easy to the advantages such as spread.
(4), in Haloxylon plant afforestation process, intercropping has economic worth (woods fruit, medicinal, edible, herbage, ecology etc.) eremophytes, its live seedling and transplanted seedling survival rate very low (below 1-5%) under normal conditions.Adopt method of the present invention; available protecting Haloxylon plant and the live seedling of economic plants, transplanted seedling the harm of the adverse circumstance factor such as to bury from surface layer high temperature stress, cattle grazing, dust storm; and effectively reduce surface layer high temperature and surface evaporation in minimizing protection bucket in protection bucket; maintain good moisture supply situation; thus effectively can improve Haloxylon plant and the described storage rate (usually more than 85%) having the live seedling of economic worth eremophytes and transplanted seedling, promote growth of seedling (usual promotion rate is more than 30%).
(5), method of the present invention also can application in diversiform-leaved poplar, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, red building, willow, elm, arrow-leaved oleaster, husky honey raisin tree, sea-buckthorn, caragana microphylla, hedysarum scoparium, white thorn, salix monogolica, the afforestation of Cathay poplar desert, the intercropping between realization and economic plants.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first kind protection bucket that a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area of the present invention adopts;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket.
The implication of Reference numeral in figure: 1, sandy soil, 2, cylindricality drum, 3, bottom Planting barrel, 4, top cover bucket.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, concrete introduction is done to the present invention.
embodiment 1:
implement place: Inner Mongol Tengger desert.This ground region soil is desert, mobile semi-mobile dune, and dust storm is large, and wind-force often reaches 7-8 level, and can blow the sand bed of earth's surface about 15-20cm off, annual precipitation is at about 160mm throughout the year.
choose plant: Haloxylon plant chooses Turfan sacsaoul bavin, and economic plants chooses Radix Glycyrrhizae.
embodiment:
(1), Turfan sacsaoul bavin and Radix Glycyrrhizae all use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 5 mu;
(2), Turfan sacsaoul bavin uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Radix Glycyrrhizae does not use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu;
(3), Turfan sacsaoul bavin and Radix Glycyrrhizae all do not adopt protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu.
implementation step:
S1, choose vegetable material according to above-mentioned requirements, select Turfan sacsaoul bavin and Radix Glycyrrhizae respectively;
Two class protection buckets are mainly used in S2, the present invention, first kind protection bucket is a cylindricality drum 2, and as shown in Figure 1, the sidewall of cylindricality drum 2 is double layer hollow wall, the inside of double layer hollow wall forms air layer, and the bottom of cylindricality drum 2 and lower sidewall are provided with some root systems of plant stretches out hole, particularly, in the present embodiment, the interior diameter 5cm of cylindricality drum 2, total height 40cm, thick 0.4cm, such protection bucket is applicable to the individual less plant of seedling when nursery goes out garden; Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket comprises: top cover bucket 4 and bottom Planting barrel 3, as shown in Figure 2, top cover bucket 4 and bottom Planting barrel 3 be single layer structure and in shrink from top to bottom horn-like, the bottom of bottom Planting barrel 3 and lower sidewall are provided with some root systems of plant and stretch out hole, the bottom open-ended of top cover bucket 4, can bottom Planting barrel 3 be limited in wherein, the upper mouth of the staving of bottom Planting barrel 3 is positioned at the high 1/3-2/3 place of top cover 4 barrels, bucket, and has the bowl portion stretching out hole all overlaps bucket 4 bottom from top and stretch out; Particularly, in the present embodiment, the upper peristoma overall diameter 6cm of bottom Planting barrel 3, external profile diameter 4.5cm, total height 25cm at the bottom of bucket, wall thickness 0.2cm, peristoma interior diameter 7cm on the cover bucket 4 of top, diameter 5.5cm in inner edge at the bottom of bucket, total height 30cm wall thickness 0.2cm, form the state shown in Fig. 2 after both combinations, be applicable to the individual larger plant of seedling when nursery goes out garden;
S3, Turfan sacsaoul bavin is sown into Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket bottom Planting barrel 3 in formula nutritional soil center and cover upper thin layer formula nutritional soil, formula nutritional soil here refers to the formula nutritional soil of applicable Turfan sacsaoul bavin growth; Adopting uses the same method to be sown into Glycyrrhiza Seeds in first kind protection bucket, certainly wherein also has the formula nutritional soil of applicable growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Carry out conventional water, fertilizer, pest management and control;
S4, until plant seedlings cultivate need go out garden time, the first kind is protected bucket together with Radix Glycyrrhizae seedling packing and transporting to the desert base that need administer, inserted together with the sacsaoul bavin seedling of Turfan by bottom Planting barrel 3 in the cover bucket 4 of top, then packing and transporting is to the desert base that need administer simultaneously; If do not adopt the nursery of protection bucket, then directly sow nursery in desert soil; Then, Portable digging machine for planting trees Y1 type (manufacture of Qufu Li Feng agricultural machinery Co., Ltd) is adopted to be planted one by one by specification together with seedling by protection bucket: 20-35cm in soil implanted by protection bucket, stay 5-15cm on the ground, and by sandy soil 1 compacting of protection bucket periphery; This protection bucket is that degradation material is made, and can keep overall integrity protection 1-3 in desert field to plant seedlings; Do not adopt protection bucket nursery, then directly adopt manual type to transplant; Radix Glycyrrhizae plants into " well " font around sacsaoul, about the strain of every mu of plantation sacsaoul 60, Radix Glycyrrhizae 300 strain.
implementation result:
After Turfan sacsaoul bavin of above technical method process and Radix Glycyrrhizae transplanted seedling experienced by the test of the extreme harsh and unforgiving environments of desert of 5 wheat harvesting periods, obtain following result through investigation statistics.
(1), for embodiment (1), namely Turfan sacsaoul bavin and Radix Glycyrrhizae all use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting: Turfan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 90%, and plant height is between 0.5-1.2m; Radix Glycyrrhizae transplanted seedling survival rate is also more than 80%, and plant height is between 0.3-0.8m; Vegetation cover degree increases by more than 7%;
(2), for embodiment (2), namely sacsaoul bavin in Turfan uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Radix Glycyrrhizae does not use the mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting: Turfan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 85%, plant height is between 0.4-1.0m, Radix Glycyrrhizae transplanted seedling survival rate is only 5%, and plant height is only 0.1-0.5m;
(3), for embodiment (3), namely Turfan sacsaoul bavin and Radix Glycyrrhizae neither adopt the mode of the intercropping of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting: Turfan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is about 10%, plant height is between 0.1-0.5m, and Radix Glycyrrhizae transplanted seedling survival rate is only 4%, and plant height is only 0.1-0.4m.
By above-mentioned contrast, obviously, method of the present invention can realize the intercropping between sacsaoul and Radix Glycyrrhizae well, improve the transplanted seedling survival rate of plant at low cost, effectively improve Haloxylon plant grow into forest before forest land in vegetation cover degree, accelerate to improve preventing and fixing sand ability, promote growing of Haloxylon plant.
embodiment 2
The enforcement place of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and the plant chosen is: Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide.
embodiment:
(1), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide all use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 2 mu;
(2), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Sophora alopecuroide does not use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu;
(3), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide all do not adopt protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu.
implementation step:
The implementation step of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and difference part is mainly to have selected different plants, and certainly, the corresponding formula nutritional soil selected also is distinguished to some extent.Similar to embodiment 1, Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin is planted in Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket, and Sophora alopecuroide is planted in first kind protection bucket; Do not adopt protection bucket nursery, nursery in desert soil directly sowed by Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide.
During transplanting, also similar to the intercropping mode of embodiment 1, namely Sophora alopecuroide plants into " well " font around sacsaoul, about the strain of every mu of plantation sacsaoul 70, Sophora alopecuroide 350 cave.
implementation result:
After the Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin of above technical method process and Sophora alopecuroide transplanted seedling experienced by the test of the extreme harsh and unforgiving environments of desert of 5 wheat harvesting periods, obtain following result through investigation statistics.
(1), for embodiment (1), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide all use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 91%, and plant height is between 0.4-1.2m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is also more than 75%, and plant height is between 0.3-0.7m; Vegetation cover degree increases by more than 10%, then every mu of results Sophora alopecuroide 10 kilograms, and mu obtains the output value 200 yuan;
(2), for embodiment (2), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting and Sophora alopecuroide not use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 80%, and plant height is between 0.4-0.9m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is only 7%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.3m, mu results Sophora alopecuroide 2 kilograms, and mu obtains the output value 40 yuan;
(3), for embodiment (3), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide neither adopt the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is about 8%, and plant height is between 0.1-0.6m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is only 5%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.3m, and mu results Sophora alopecuroide 1.5 kilograms, mu obtains the output value 30 yuan.
Found by contrast, the present invention achieves the intercropping of Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide well, improve the transplanted seedling survival rate of plant at low cost, effectively improve Haloxylon plant grow into forest before forest land in vegetation cover degree, accelerate to improve preventing and fixing sand ability, promote growing of Haloxylon plant, and the 1st year just there is economic output.
embodiment 3
The enforcement place of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and the plant chosen is: Alxa sacsaoul bavin and Sha meter.
embodiment:
(1), Alxa sacsaoul bavin and Sha meter use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 2 mu;
(2), Alxa sacsaoul bavin uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and husky rice does not use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu;
(3), Alxa sacsaoul bavin and husky meter Jun do not adopt protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu.
implementation step:
The implementation step of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and difference part is mainly to have selected different plants, and certainly, the corresponding formula nutritional soil selected also is distinguished to some extent.Similar to embodiment 1, Alxa sacsaoul bavin is planted in Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket, and husky rice is planted in first kind protection bucket; Do not adopt protection bucket nursery, Alxa sacsaoul bavin and Sha meter directly sow nursery in desert soil.
During transplanting, also similar to the intercropping mode of embodiment 1, namely husky rice plants into " well " font around sacsaoul, about the strain of every mu of plantation sacsaoul 70, husky rice 350 cave.
implementation result:
After the Alxa sacsaoul bavin of above technical method process and Sha meter transplanted seedling experienced by the test of the extreme harsh and unforgiving environments of desert of 5 wheat harvesting periods, obtain following result through investigation statistics.
(1), for embodiment (1), namely Alxa sacsaoul bavin and Sha meter use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Alxa sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 92%, and plant height is between 0.4-1.3m; Husky rice (cave) survival rate is also more than 80%, and plant height is between 0.3-0.5m; Vegetation cover degree increases by more than 15%, then every mu of results 12 kilograms, husky rice, and mu obtains the output value 240 yuan;
(2), for embodiment (2), namely Alxa sacsaoul bavin uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting and husky rice not use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Alxa sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 85%, and plant height is between 0.4-1.2m; Husky rice (cave) survival rate is only 10%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.2m, then every mu of results 2 kilograms, husky rice, and mu obtains the output value 40 yuan;
(3), for embodiment (3), namely Alxa sacsaoul bavin and Sha meter neither adopt the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Alxa sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is about 5%, and plant height is between 0.1-0.4m; Husky rice (cave) survival rate is only 3%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.2m, then every mu of results 1 kilogram, husky rice, and mu obtains the output value 20 yuan.
Found by contrast, the present invention achieves the intercropping of Alxa sacsaoul bavin and Sha meter well, improve the transplanted seedling survival rate of plant at low cost, effectively improve Haloxylon plant grow into forest before forest land in vegetation cover degree, accelerate to improve preventing and fixing sand ability, promote growing of Haloxylon plant, and the 1st year just there is economic output.
embodiment 4
The enforcement place of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and the plant chosen is: Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin, Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter.
embodiment:
(1), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin, Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 2 mu;
(2), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter do not use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu;
(3), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin, Sophora alopecuroide and husky meter Jun do not adopt protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu.
implementation step:
The implementation step of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and difference part is mainly to have selected different plants, and certainly, the corresponding formula nutritional soil selected also is distinguished to some extent.Similar to embodiment 1, Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin is planted in Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket, and Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter all plant in first kind protection bucket; Do not adopt protection bucket nursery, Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin, Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter Jun directly sow nursery in desert soil.
During transplanting, also similar to the intercropping mode of embodiment 1, namely Sophora alopecuroide plants into " well " font with Sha meter around sacsaoul, about the strain of every mu of plantation sacsaoul 70, Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter are respectively 160 caves.
implementation result:
After the Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin of above technical method process, Sha meter and Sophora alopecuroide Radix Glycyrrhizae transplanted seedling experienced by the test of the extreme harsh and unforgiving environments of desert of 5 wheat harvesting periods, obtain following result through investigation statistics.
(1), for embodiment (1), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin, Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 90%, and plant height is between 0.5-1.3m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) and husky rice survival rate are also more than 70%, and plant height is between 0.2-0.7m; Vegetation cover degree increases by more than 15%, then every mu of results Sophora alopecuroide 5 kilograms, 4 kilograms, husky rice, and mu obtains Sophora alopecuroide and the Sha meter output value 150 yuan;
(2), for embodiment (2), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting and Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter not use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 85%, and plant height is between 0.5-0.9m; Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter (cave) survival rate are only 6%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.3m, and mu obtains Sophora alopecuroide and the Sha meter output value 50 yuan;
(3), for embodiment (3), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin, Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter neither adopt the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is about 8%, and plant height is between 0.1-0.6m; Sophora alopecuroide and Sha meter (cave) survival rate are only 5%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.3m, and mu obtains Sophora alopecuroide and the Sha meter output value 30 yuan.
Found by contrast, the present invention achieves the intercropping of Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin, Sha meter and Sophora alopecuroide well, improve the transplanted seedling survival rate of plant at low cost, effectively improve Haloxylon plant grow into forest before forest land in vegetation cover degree, accelerate to improve preventing and fixing sand ability, promote growing of Haloxylon plant, and the 1st year just there is economic output.
embodiment 5
The enforcement place of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and the plant chosen is: Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide; Adopt the intercropping layout pattern of " narrow forest belt, network ".
embodiment:
(1), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide all use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, enforcement area 4 mu;
(2), Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide all do not adopt protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, enforcement area 4 mu.
implementation step:
The implementation step of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and difference part is mainly to have selected different plants, and certainly, the corresponding formula nutritional soil selected also is distinguished to some extent.Similar to embodiment 1, Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin is planted in Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket, and Sophora alopecuroide is planted in first kind protection bucket; Do not adopt protection bucket nursery, nursery in desert soil directly sowed by Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide.
During transplanting, adopt the intercropping layout pattern of " narrow forest belt, network ", namely sacsaoul is planted on the stroke of sphere of movements for the elephants type, every plantation 2 row, seeding row spacing 3*3 rice; Space in sphere of movements for the elephants is about 1 mu of area, about every mu of plantation Sophora alopecuroide 500 cave.
implementation result:
After the Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin of above technical method process and Sophora alopecuroide transplanted seedling experienced by the test of the extreme harsh and unforgiving environments of desert of 5 wheat harvesting periods, obtain following result through investigation statistics.
(1), for embodiment (1), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide all use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 92%, and plant height is between 0.4-1.0m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is also more than 78%, and plant height is between 0.3-0.5m; Vegetation cover degree increases by more than 30%, then every mu of results Sophora alopecuroide 25 kilograms, and mu obtains the output value 500 yuan;
(2), for embodiment (2), namely Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide neither adopt the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin transplanted seedling survival rate is about 9%, and plant height is between 0.1-0.5m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is only 6%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.3m, mu results Sophora alopecuroide 5.5 kilograms, the output value 110 yuan.
Found by contrast, the present invention achieves the intercropping of Mosuowan sacsaoul bavin and Sophora alopecuroide well, improve the transplanted seedling survival rate of plant at low cost, effectively improve Haloxylon plant grow into forest before forest land in vegetation cover degree, accelerate to improve preventing and fixing sand ability, promote growing of Haloxylon plant, and the 1st year just there is economic output.
embodiment 6
The enforcement place of the present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and the plant chosen is: Alxa red building and Sophora alopecuroide.
embodiment:
(1), Alxa red building and Sophora alopecuroide all use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 2 mu;
(2), Alxa red building uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Sophora alopecuroide does not use protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu;
(3), Alxa red building and Sophora alopecuroide all do not adopt protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, intercropping area 1 mu.
implementation step:
The implementation step of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and difference part is mainly to have selected different plants, and certainly, the corresponding formula nutritional soil selected also is distinguished to some extent.Similar to embodiment 1, Alxa red building is planted in Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket, and Sophora alopecuroide is planted in first kind protection bucket; Do not adopt protection bucket nursery, nursery in desert soil directly sowed by Alxa red building and Sophora alopecuroide.
During transplanting, also similar to the intercropping mode of embodiment 1, namely Sophora alopecuroide plants into " well " font around red building, about the strain of every mu of plantation red building 70, Sophora alopecuroide 350 cave.
implementation result:
After the Alxa red building of above technical method process and Sophora alopecuroide transplanted seedling experienced by the test of the extreme harsh and unforgiving environments of desert of 5 wheat harvesting periods, obtain following result through investigation statistics.
(1), for embodiment (1), namely Alxa red building and Sophora alopecuroide all use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Alxa red building transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 85%, and plant height is between 0.5-1.3m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is also more than 77%, and plant height is between 0.3-0.6m; Vegetation cover degree increases by more than 12%, then every mu of results Sophora alopecuroide 8 kilograms, and mu obtains the output value 160 yuan;
(2), for embodiment (2), namely Alxa red building uses protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting and Sophora alopecuroide not use the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Alxa red building transplanted seedling survival rate is more than 83%, and plant height is between 0.4-1.0m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is only 6%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.3m, mu results Sophora alopecuroide 3 kilograms, the output value 60 yuan;
(3), for embodiment (3), namely Alxa red building and Sophora alopecuroide neither adopt the intercropping mode of protection bucket seedling raising and transplanting, and Alxa red building transplanted seedling survival rate is about 7%, and plant height is between 0.1-0.6m; Sophora alopecuroide (cave) survival rate is only 6%, and plant height is only between 0.1-0.3m, mu results Sophora alopecuroide 1.8 kilograms, the output value 36 yuan.
Found by contrast, the present invention achieves the intercropping of Alxa red building and Sophora alopecuroide well, improve the transplanted seedling survival rate of plant at low cost, effectively improve Alxa red building grow into forest before forest land in vegetation cover degree, accelerate to improve preventing and fixing sand ability, promote growing of Alxa red building, and the 1st year just there is economic output.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage.The technical staff of the industry should understand, and above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, the technical scheme that the mode that all employings are equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains, and all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. be applicable to a method for the intercropping of Desert Area, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1, selection eremophytes material: comprise Haloxylon plant and economic plants, wherein, Haloxylon plant is plant seed or the raw seedling of 1-2, and economic plants is plant seed or the raw seedling of 1-2;
S2, making protection bucket: protection bucket comprises first kind protection bucket and Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket, wherein, first kind protection bucket is a cylindricality drum, the sidewall of cylindricality drum is double layer hollow wall, the inside of double layer hollow wall forms air layer, and the bottom of cylindricality drum and lower sidewall are provided with some root systems of plant stretches out hole; Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket comprises: top cover bucket and bottom Planting barrel, described top cover bucket and bottom Planting barrel are single layer structure and horn-like in what shrink from top to bottom, the bottom of bottom Planting barrel and lower sidewall are provided with some root systems of plant and stretch out hole, the bottom open-ended of top cover bucket, can bottom Planting barrel be limited in wherein, the upper mouth of the staving of bottom Planting barrel is positioned at the high 1/3-2/3 place of top cover bucket bucket, and has the bowl portion stretching out hole all overlaps bucket bottom from top and stretch out;
S3, protection bucket nursery: seedling individual little plant when garden goes out for nursery, its seed be sown into the center of formula nutritional soil in described first kind protection bucket and cover upper thin layer formula nutritional soil, or its branch cutting being entered the center of formula nutritional soil; Seedling individual large plant when going out garden for nursery, is sown into the center of formula nutritional soil in the bottom Planting barrel of described Equations of The Second Kind protection bucket and covers upper thin layer formula nutritional soil, or its branch cutting being entered the center of formula nutritional soil by its seed; Then according to the demand of growing of plant seedlings, water, fertilizer, pest management and control is carried out; Described formula nutritional soil is one or more in Desert Sand, mineral nutrition, clay, turfy soil, water-loss reducer, vermiculite, perlite and decay sheep excrement;
S4, seedling replanting are planted: be transported to desert base by after plant seedlings and the packing of protection bucket, the staving of protection bucket implanted 20-35cm in soil, stays 5-15cm on the ground, and by the soil compaction of staving periphery; Plant seedlings comprises Haloxylon plant seedlings and economic plants seedling, the mode of intercropping is adopted during plantation, first on desert base, plant Haloxylon plant, then in plantation then or 2-3 and adopt the nursery of protection bucket, transplanting method intercropping economic plants after growing into forest.
2. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S4, intercropping is: adopt Haloxylon plant+a kind of economic plants intercropping or adopt Haloxylon plant+two or more economic plants intercropping.
3. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, Haloxylon planting becomes row/column, then neat plantation 1-8 row/column economic plants between adjacent two Haloxylon plants.
4. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to claim 2, is characterized in that, adopt large gauge grid to carry out intercropping, Haloxylon planting is on grid lines, and every limit 4-50 is capable, seeding row spacing 1-5 rice, forms shelter belt; Stay desert area 5-200 mu in grid, plantation economic plants, forms the intercropping layout pattern of " narrow forest belt, grid ".
5. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described economic plants is selected from annual herb plant: chickpea, husky rice, or perennial plant: in desert thin,tough silk wormwood artemisia, husky green onion, Sophora alopecuroide, bluish dogbane, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Chinese ephedra, husky honey raisin tree, matrimony vine, camel thorn, Radix Isatidis, Eremurus chinensis, sea-buckthorn, clover, Bermuda grass, caper and wild flax any one or multiple.
6. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the planting density of described Haloxylon plant is 50-100 plant/acre; Economic plants selects the words of the husky green onion of annual herb plant chickpea, Sha meter and herbaceos perennial, Sophora alopecuroide, intercropping density is 100-500 cave/mu, select perennial plant desert thin,tough silk wormwood artemisia, bluish dogbane, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Chinese ephedra, husky honey raisin tree, matrimony vine, camel thorn, sea-buckthorn, Radix Isatidis, Eremurus chinensis, caper, wild flax, clover, Bermuda grass, intercropping density is 50 ~ 200 plants/acre.
7. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described Haloxylon plant can adopt following plant to replace: pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, red building, willow, elm, arrow-leaved oleaster, husky honey raisin tree, sea-buckthorn, caragana microphylla, hedysarum scoparium, white thorn, salix monogolica.
8. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, also comprise step S5, after annual economic plants plants results then, Second Year arranges the protection bucket used last year or damaged components replace after continuation sow wherein; Perennial economic plants, ensureing on the basis that its energy continued growth is grown, after results have the part of economic worth, imposes quick-acting fertilizer or composite fertilizer.
9. a kind of method being applicable to the intercropping of Desert Area according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described protection bucket is made up of degradation material, and described degradation material is one or both in calcium carbonate and degradable biological polymer.
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