CN1038594A - 沸石催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
沸石催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1038594A CN1038594A CN89104260A CN89104260A CN1038594A CN 1038594 A CN1038594 A CN 1038594A CN 89104260 A CN89104260 A CN 89104260A CN 89104260 A CN89104260 A CN 89104260A CN 1038594 A CN1038594 A CN 1038594A
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002258 gallium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001723 mesolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016768 molybdenum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 propionate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/085—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
- B01J29/088—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/084—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/106—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/12—Noble metals
- B01J29/126—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/14—Iron group metals or copper
- B01J29/146—Y-type faujasite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/16—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
- C10G47/20—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing other metals or compounds thereof
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
制备沸石催化剂的方法,它包括用一种阳离子半径为0.6~1.0的多价金属盐溶液处理碱金属氧化物/氧化铝(摩尔比至多为0.13)的Y型沸石,和使未经煅烧步骤的离子交换的沸石与一种8族和/或6b族金属的氢化组分混合。
Description
本发明涉及沸石催化剂的制备方法、由此制备的催化剂以及它们在加氢转化法、特别是在氢化裂解方法中的应用。
沸石用作催化剂和/或催化剂载体长久以来被公认,且在现有技术中已报导了多种改进沸石基材料的方法。在沸石研究和开发中,已经做了许多的努力试图以从物理方面改变沸石基材料的性能和可能的特性,例如通过煅烧、或在所谓的自蒸汽条件下煅烧、或湿法煅烧。也报导了在沸石制备步骤的各个阶段中用铵离子进行处理的方法。也已报导,可通过用一些金属盐溶液结合各种前或后处理步骤处理沸石的方法来改性沸石,以保证制备出最活性状态的沸石。在这方面,可参考US-A-4,415,519,它描述了沸石改性,其中钠型Y沸石与铵盐溶液交换,铵离子交换的沸石例如在自蒸汽条件下被煅烧,煅烧产物与一种酸性铝盐溶液反应。然后,铝交换的沸石再进行铵交换。
现已发现,用含低碱金属氧化物与某些金属盐进行离子交换,然后不进行煅烧处理,离子交换沸石与8族金属和/或6b族金属的氢化组分结合的方法,可制备具有令人感兴趣的特性的沸石催化剂。由此制备的催化剂作为氢化裂解催化剂具有重要的价值。
因此,本发明提供一种制备沸石催化剂的方法,该方法包括:用一种多价金属盐溶液(阳离子半径为0.6~1.0 )处理Y型沸石(碱金属氧化物/氧化铝摩尔比至多为0.13),且使未经煅烧处理的离子交换的沸石与8族和/或6b族金属氢化组分混合。
通过在一步或若干步骤中用一种铵盐溶液处理以使碱金属的量减少到所期望的值的方法,可适宜地从高含量碱金属氧化物的Y-沸石得到Y型沸石(碱金属氧化物/氧化铝摩尔比至多0.13,特别是氧化钠含量至多2%(重量))。市售沸石(例如Na-Y)可适宜用作初始材料。通常,Na-Y沸石可含约13.5%(重量)以下的氧化钠。铵盐(例如氯化铵或硫酸铵)处理对于精通此项技术的人是众所周知的。
值得注意的是,根据本发明的方法提供一种用多价金属盐(阳离子半径为0.6~1.0 )溶液进行离子交换之后煅烧,直接从含低碱金属盐氧化物沸石Y制备沸石催化剂,而基本不降低沸石晶胞尺寸的方法。离子半径的数值可略微变化,这依赖于它们是如何测量的。本说明书所使用的值取自CRC物理化学手册(Cleveland ohio,56fhed,1975~1976,F-209~F-210页)。
存在于本发明所使用的盐的适宜的多价阳离子实例包括:Ag2+、Bi3+、Bi5+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Ce4+、Co2+、Co3+、Cr2+、Cr3+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ga3+、In3+、Ir4+、Ma2+g、Mn2+、Mn3+、Mn4+、Mo4+、Ni2+、Pb4+、Pd2+、Pd4+、Pt2+、Pt4+、Re4+、Rh3+、Ru4+、Sn2+、Sn4+、Ta5+、Ti2+、Ti3+、Ti4+、TL3+、V3+、V4+、W4+、W6+和Zn2+。优选使用的金属盐阳离子半径为0.60~0.8 ,特别适宜的是镓盐、铁盐、铜盐、镁盐、钴盐和镍盐。使用镓盐和镍盐类可得到良好效果。可适宜使用的盐类包括无机盐类,例如硝酸盐类和硫酸盐类以及适当的卤化物类。最好使用硝酸盐类和氯化物类,特别是硝酸盐类,因其水溶性有利于有关材料的处理。也可使用(略微)可溶的有机酸类的盐类,例如甲酸盐类、乙酸盐类和丙酸盐类。如果需要的话,两种或多种盐类的混合物可用于本发明的方法。
金属盐类的用量可在很宽的范围内变化,这某种程度上取决于所使用的金属的性质。通常使用每升水中含0.005~2摩尔金属盐的溶液比较合适,优选浓度为每升0.01~1摩尔。
初始沸石Y材料含至多摩尔比为0.13的碱金属氧化物/氧化铝,优选的为0.10,最佳为0.05(这可通过离子交换处理含较高量的碱金属氧化物的沸石Y制得)。初始材料用一种含适当的金属盐(类)的溶液进行离子交换。离子交换可通过现有技术中已知的技术进行。如果需要的话,离子交换可重复许多次。
通常离子交换是在相当低的温度下进行,例如温度为10~95℃。在温度为20~95℃下进行离子交换已得到良好的结果。通常离子交换的时间为15分~24小时。优选的处理时间为30分~6小时。
在用适当金属离子盐溶液进行离子交换之后,由此处理的沸石通常在与氢化组分混合之前,要经过干燥。通常在室温~约200℃的温度下缓和加热有关材料达到干燥。干燥工序可在空气或惰性气体例如氮气中进行,也可以进行部分干燥。
相反,煅烧通常是在350~800℃、一般在500~750℃下且任意选择地在蒸汽存在下进行的。煅烧时间可在较宽范围内变化,从低于30分钟至高达24小时,这主要取决于所处理的沸石Y的性能。
用金属盐溶液离子交换和任意选择地经过干燥之后制备的沸石是不经上述煅烧处理。
除一种或多种沸石和氢化组分外,适当的加氢转化催化剂还包含一种粘合剂。使用粘合剂类诸如氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化硅-氧化铝、粘土、氧化锆、氧化硅-氧化锆、二氧化钛、氧化硅-氧化硼及其混合物比较合适。氧化铝是优选的粘合剂。使用10~95wt%粘合剂比较合适。最好使用15~75wt%的粘合剂。
离子交换的沸石与8族和/或6b族金属的氢化组分混合。可通过任何本技术中已知技术进行这种混合。最好通过浸渍、特别是共粉磨进行这种混合。在共粉磨中,离子交换的沸石与氢化组分和可任意选择的粘合剂在水存在下混合,以便得到一种可挤出糊。US-A-3,853,747中描述了共粉磨。
最好通过共粉磨离子交换的沸石、氢化组分和粘合剂的方法混合离子交换的沸石与氢化组分。
本发明的另一个优选实施方案是使离子交换的沸石与耐火氧化物的混合物相混合,具体地讲是与氧化硅-氧化铝和氧化铝混合物相混合。此时,所含的氧化硅-氧化铝将不仅作为粘合剂,而且作为加氢转化(氢化裂解)组分。沸石/氧化硅-氧化铝/氧化铝混合物中沸石的重量百分含量最好为5~80%,在这种混合物氧化硅-氧化铝的重量百分含量最好为5~80%,其余为氧化铝。
本发明还涉及由一种Y型沸石(碱金属氧化物/氧化铝至多为0.13在可离子交换的部位具有多价阳离子半径为0.6~1.0 的多价阳离子)和至少一种由上述方法制备的8族金属和/或6族金属的氢化组分构成的催化剂。适宜的是,本发明的催化剂组合物包含一种或多种镍和/或钴组分、一种或多种钼和/或钨组分、或者一种或多种铂和/或钯组分。
催化剂组合物中的氢化组分量的适宜范围:8族金属组分为0.05~10重量份数(pbw),6族金属组分为2~40pbw,以每100重量份总催化剂中的金属计。在催化剂组合物中氢化组分可呈氧化和/或硫化态。如果至少一种6族和8族金属组分混合物是以混合的)氧化物形式存在,它通常在氢化裂解中正常使用之前要经过硫化处理。
如上所述,催化剂最好还包括一种粘合剂。
如上所述,本发明还涉及催化剂在加氢转化工艺中具体地讲在氢化裂解工艺中的应用。
另外,本发明提供一种加氢转化法,其中烃进料在加氢转化条件下,在氢气存在下与沸石催化剂接触,其中沸石催化剂是如前所述的一种催化剂。
经过使用本发明催化剂进行加氢转化法适当处理的进料包括粗柴油、脱沥青油、焦化粗柴油、其它热裂解的粗柴油以及共原油类,可任意选择地选自焦油砂类、页岩油类、加浓工艺残留物或生物物质。也可使用各种进料的混合物。
在进料用于加氢转化法之前,部分或全部进料经过一步或多步(氢化)处理也是理想的。常常发现,进料经(部分)氢化处理是方便的。当要加工相当重的进料时,这样的进料经过(氢化)脱金属处理是十分有利的。
加氢转化法合适的工艺条件包括:温度范围为250~500℃,压力低于300巴,且空间流速为每升催化剂每小时0.1~10kg进料(kg/L.h)。使用气体/进料比为100~5000NL/kg进料比较合适。加氢转化工艺最好在300~470℃温度下,压力25~200巴以下以及空间流速为每升催化剂每小时0.2~5kg进料的条件下进行。最好采用250~2000NL/kg的气体/进料比。
现将通过以下实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
用0.2M硝酸镓(Ga+++半径:0.62 )的溶液(每克晶体硅铝酸盐10ml)对EP-A-0247,679描述的晶体沸石Y进行离子交换处理,此沸石Y典型的氧化铝含量为0.1wt%,氧化钠/氧化铝的摩尔比约为0.011,且晶胞大小为24.33 。在回流条件下,离子交换处理进行1小时。过滤之后,洗涤得到的产物并在120℃下经过16小时的干燥处理。干燥了的沸石与氢化的氧化铝(勃母石),一种硝酸镍(4.75克)和偏钨酸铵(按WO3计算为18.82克)的溶液混合。所得混合物共粉磨0.45小时,然后挤成压出物。这种压出物于120℃干燥2小时,最后于500℃煅烧2小时。经煅烧的压出物含有6.7wt%Ga、2.6wt%Ni和82wt%的W(按全部催化剂上的金属计算)。沸石Y与氧化铝粘合剂的重量比为4∶1。
实施例2
按实施例1进行类似的工序,使用的是同种类型的沸石Y,但硝酸镍溶液的用量为每克沸石10mlIM硝酸镍溶液(Ni2半径:0.69 )。干燥离子交换的沸石之后,将含镍沸石(1.3wt%Ni)按实施例1中含Ga沸石所描述的同样方法进行处理,得到含3.7wt%Ni和8.2wt%W的煅烧产物(按总催化剂上的金属计算)。沸石Y与氧化铝粘合剂的重量比为4∶1。
比较实验
实施例3
本实施例表明了本发明的沸石催化剂在加氢裂化方法中的优点。(实施例1和2的催化剂(分别是催化剂1和2)与比较实验的催化剂(催化剂3和EP-A-0247。679的催化剂,即用同种类型的沸石Y,但未经有关离子交换步骤制得的和通过浸渍沸石Y和氧化铝的煅烧组分制得的)。以总催化剂计,催化剂4含有2.6wt%Ni和8.2wt%W。沸石Y和氧化铝粘合剂的重量比为4∶1。
使用一种具有以下特性的烃进料,在氢化裂解试验中对催化剂进行测试:
C(%wt):86.2
H(%wt):13.8
d(70/4):0.826
粘度(100℃):4.87CS(ASTM-D-445)
粘度(60℃):12.43CS(ASTM-D-445)
RCT(%wt):0.05(ASTM-D-542)
I.B.P.:205℃
10/20:332/370
30/40:392/410
50/60:428/448
70/80:467/492
90:525
F.B.P.:598
用0.2mm Sic颗粒以1∶1体积比稀释催化剂。然后,预硫化催化剂。在以下作业条件进行后续氢化裂解:
WHSV:1.1kg·L-1·h-1
H2S分压:1.4巴
总压力:130巴
气体/进料比:1,000HLkg-1
以单循环进行试验。
催化剂的功效表示为达到70wt%转化率的300℃物质所要求的温度。结果示于表1:
表 1
实验编号:1 2 3 4
催化剂编号:1 2 3 4
所要求的温度:
(70wt%转化率),℃
330 325 325 325
300℃产物的分布,wt%
C1-45.8 4.2 6.1 6.1
C5-130℃ 40.0 41.7 44.4 44.0
130℃~300℃ 53.2 47.1 49.5 49.9
从结果可以看出,本发明的催化剂制备出比催化剂3和4要低的气态产物(C1-4),从而催化剂1得到了较高的中等馏出液产率,催化剂2得到了较高的挥发油产率。从催化剂3和4之间的比较可以看出,当用离子半径很小的Al3+离子进行离子交换时,与未经本离子交换步骤制得的催化剂相比,所得循环剂的功效几乎没有变化。
实施例4
按实施例2进行离子交换和干燥之后得到的含镍沸石Y与氧化硅-氧化铝(重量比:SiO2∶Al2O3=3∶1)、氧化铝和硝酸镍溶液和三氧化钼进行混合。在共粉磨、挤出、干燥和煅烧之后,得到含12.9wt%MO和8.2wt%Ni的催化剂,从而重量比沸石Y/氧化硅-氧化铝/氧化铝为30∶40∶30。
实施例5
催化剂5与按EP-A-0247,678制得的催化剂6进行比较,催化剂6的制备方法如下:使沸石Y与氧化硅-氧化铝(重量比SiO2∶Al2O3=3∶1)混合,挤出混合物以得到压出物,干燥和煅烧该压出物并通过浸渍的方法将Ni和Mo沉积到压出物上。催化剂6含有7.8wt%Ni和12.9wt%Mo,重量比沸石Y/(氧化硅-氧化铝/氧化铝为30∶40∶30。
催化剂经过使用了下面的进料的氢化裂解工艺。
进料Ⅰ 进料Ⅱ
C(%wt)86.4 C(%wt)86.4
H(%wt)19.6 H(%wt)13.6
N(ppmw)4 N(ppmw)12
沸点特性,℃ 沸点特性,℃
2/10 290/328 2/10 287/353
20/30 368/396 20/30 384/407
40/50 420/440 40/50 426/444
60/70 460/482 60/70 460/481
80/90 508/542 80/90 505/539
540+℃(%wt)10.5 540+℃(%wt)9.8
测定达到56wt%转化率所要求的温度及产物分布。在用进料Ⅰ进行125小时之后,更换进料并采用进料Ⅱ。也测定产物分布和用进料Ⅱ进行200小时之后得到56wt%转化率所要求的温度。工艺条件为:总压力125巴,H2S分压2.4巴,空间流速0.75kg/l小时,且气体/进料比1500Nl/kg。结果示于表Ⅱ。
表 Ⅱ
实验编号 5 6
催化剂编号 5 6
进料Ⅰ
所要求的温度,℃ 323 312
产物分布,wt%
C1-44 6
C5-130℃ 32 31
130~300℃ 64 63
进料Ⅱ
所要求的温度,℃ 325 326
产物分布,wt%
C1-44 4
C5-130℃ 27 32
130~300℃ 69 64
从以上结果可以看出,在低氮含量的条件下,催化剂5对C1-4烃的选择性比先有技术的催化剂的要低。此外,氮的选择性(定义为在4和120ppmm N下达到56wt%转化率所要求的温差)对催化剂6来说是显著的,而催化剂5的N选择性很低。
Claims (21)
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其中使用一种起始Y沸石,该沸石是用一种铵化合物处理高含量氧化钠的Y沸石制得的。
4、按照权利要求3的方法,其中使用一种或多种镓、铁、铜、镁、钴和镍的盐。
5、按照权利要求4的方法,其中使用一种镓或镍盐。
6、按照权利要求1~5的任何一项方法,其中使用一种多价金属硝酸盐或氧化物。
7、按照权利要求1~6的任何一项方法,其中使用一种摩尔浓度为0.005~2的多价金属盐溶液。
8、按照权利要求7的方法,其中使用一种摩尔浓度为0.01~1的多价金属盐溶液。
9、按照权利要求1~8的任何一项方法,其中于10~95℃处理多价金属盐溶液。
10、按照权利要求1~9的任何一项方法,其中该离子交换的沸石于200℃以下进行干燥处理。
11、按照权利要求1~10的任何一项方法,其中离子交换的沸石通过浸渍或(具体地说)共粉磨与氢化组分混合。
12、按照权利要求11的方法,其中离子交换的沸石通过与一种粘合剂一起共粉磨离子交换的沸石和氢化组分而与氢化组分混合。
13、按照权利要求12的方法,其中粘合剂选自耐火氧化物类,包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化硅-氧化铝、粘土、氧化锆、氧化硅-氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化硅-氧化硼和它们的混合物。
14、按照权利要求13的方法,其中粘合剂是一种氧化硅-氧化铝和氧化铝的混合物。
15、按照权利要求1~14的任何一项的方法得到的催化剂,所述催化剂含有一种碱金属氧化物/氧化铝摩尔比至多为0.13的Y型沸石和在可离子交换的部位上带有阳离子半径为0.6~1.0 的多价阳离子,以及第8族和6b族金属的至少一种氢化组分。
16、按照权利要求15的催化剂,其中氢化组分选自镍、钴、钨、钼、铂和钯组分。
17、按照权利要求15或16的催化剂,还含有一种粘合剂。
18、按照权利要求1-14中任一项的方法制得的催化剂。
19、按照权利要求15~18中任何一项的催化剂用于加氢转化工艺。
20、烃进料在加氢转化条件下,在存在氢时与沸石催化剂接触的加氢转化方法,其中催化剂是按照权利要求15~18中任何一项的催化剂。
21、按照权利要求20的方法,其中温度为250℃~500℃氢气压力为300巴以下,空间速度为0.1~10kg/l小时,且H2/进料比为100~5000Nl/kg。
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-
1988
- 1988-06-20 GB GB888814601A patent/GB8814601D0/en active Pending
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1989
- 1989-05-30 CA CA000601166A patent/CA1335587C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-15 HU HU893109A patent/HU204730B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-16 NZ NZ229598A patent/NZ229598A/xx unknown
- 1989-06-16 DD DD89329691A patent/DD283951A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-16 RU SU894614331A patent/RU1813012C/ru active
- 1989-06-16 JP JP1152472A patent/JPH0240238A/ja active Pending
- 1989-06-16 CS CS893659A patent/CS275782B6/cs unknown
- 1989-06-16 TR TR89/0500A patent/TR24411A/xx unknown
- 1989-06-16 KR KR1019890008351A patent/KR910000525A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-16 BR BR898902925A patent/BR8902925A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-16 CN CN89104260A patent/CN1026956C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-16 US US07/376,277 patent/US5006496A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-16 AU AU36476/89A patent/AU615307B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-06-16 ZA ZA894591A patent/ZA894591B/xx unknown
- 1989-06-16 IN IN473MA1989 patent/IN173676B/en unknown
- 1989-06-19 ES ES89201618T patent/ES2052884T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-19 DE DE68915209T patent/DE68915209T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1989-06-19 AT AT8989201618T patent/ATE105507T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN116438004A (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-07-14 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 制备加氢裂化催化剂的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TR24411A (tr) | 1991-10-08 |
RU1813012C (ru) | 1993-04-30 |
IN173676B (zh) | 1994-06-25 |
DD283951A5 (de) | 1990-10-31 |
BR8902925A (pt) | 1990-02-06 |
CS275782B6 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
AU615307B2 (en) | 1991-09-26 |
JPH0240238A (ja) | 1990-02-09 |
NZ229598A (en) | 1990-10-26 |
US5006496A (en) | 1991-04-09 |
ZA894591B (en) | 1990-02-28 |
DE68915209D1 (de) | 1994-06-16 |
EP0348001B1 (en) | 1994-05-11 |
GB8814601D0 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
ATE105507T1 (de) | 1994-05-15 |
DE68915209T2 (de) | 1994-08-18 |
AU3647689A (en) | 1989-12-21 |
KR910000525A (ko) | 1991-01-29 |
HUT52739A (en) | 1990-08-28 |
HU204730B (en) | 1992-02-28 |
EP0348001A1 (en) | 1989-12-27 |
CN1026956C (zh) | 1994-12-14 |
ES2052884T3 (es) | 1994-07-16 |
CA1335587C (en) | 1995-05-16 |
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