CN103211256B - 一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料它是由以下原料制成:山楂提取物2~5‰、泽泻提取物1~3‰、茯苓提取物1~3‰、葛根提取物2~5‰,苹果原醋15~40‰、浓缩苹果汁20~40‰、浓缩山楂汁4~10‰、蜂蜜2~8‰、三氯蔗糖0.1~0.25‰,余量为水。本发明将具有消食化积、益气健脾、活血化瘀作用的山楂、泽泻、茯苓、葛根四种中药提取物按照科学的配量并辅以苹果原醋、苹果汁、山楂汁、蜂蜜进行合理配伍,并添加天然甜味剂三氯蔗糖进行调味,既满足了高血脂人群对美味的口感需求,又能利用中药对人体进行调理补益作用和果汁果醋的营养补充等综合作用,达到了降血脂的保健作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
高脂血症是发生冠心病、高血压和脑血管疾病的主要因素。随着人口老龄化逐年上升和人们饮食中脂肪摄入的增多与运动量的减少, 高脂血症及其并发症的发病率越来越高,呈现出低龄化的趋势。因此,研究和发展新型降血脂药物成为今后研究的重点。
就目前来看,降血脂药以化学药为主。常用的降血脂西药一般为阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、非诺贝特、氟伐他汀、红曲(血脂康、脂必妥)、阿西莫司、普罗布考,这些西药的药理一般为阻止胆酸或胆固醇从肠道吸收,促进胆酸或胆固醇随粪便排出,抑制胆固醇体内合成,调节脂质代谢,降低甘油三酯(TG)等等。虽然化学药物药效显著,但化学药不良反应大,长期应用多有不同程度的副作用。
在中医学上,高血脂多属痰浊、眩晕、瘀血等范畴,中药降血脂治疗多为化痰降浊、活血化瘀、补益肝脾肾等。近年来,许多学者对降血脂单味及复方中药进行了大量实验研究,进一步选择疗效确切的品种,深入到中药全成分提取、功效成分单体的分离,并进行药理、临床的研究。经临床试验,证明各种降血脂药物的联合用药将能更好地提高药物间的协同增效作用,疗效显著。由此,降血脂中药因其具有多靶点、整体协同作用、不良反应少的优势而备受关注。
然而,现在市场上的降血脂中药复方多属粉剂、胶囊、袋泡剂等,但是此类产品的缺点是药效不能充分协同,并且服用不方便,入口苦,消费者接受热情低;另外,传统醋炙方法虽然具有引药入肝、降低毒性、缓和药性、矫臭矫味等优点,但传统醋炙方法繁杂,无法实现产业化生产。这些因素无疑限制了传统中成药的销售市场的拓展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是将采用连续充气深层发酵所得的苹果醋与具有降血脂功能的中药、天然营养果汁进行科学配伍、合理调配,制成一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料。
本发明的技术方案是:一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料,它是由以下原料制成:山楂提取物2~5 ‰、泽泻提取物1~3 ‰、茯苓提取物1~3 ‰、葛根提取物2~5 ‰,苹果原醋15~40 ‰、浓缩苹果汁20~40 ‰、浓缩山楂汁4~10 ‰、蜂蜜2~8 ‰、三氯蔗糖0.1~0.25 ‰,余量为水。
所述的降血脂苹果醋保健饮料的制备方法,它的步骤如下:
(1)发酵原液制作,将苹果破碎榨汁,粗滤,进入浊汁罐,调整苹果汁的含糖量为13~14%,在75℃,15分钟的条件下巴氏杀菌,制成苹果汁,压力输送至酒精发酵罐;
(2)一级发酵,按苹果汁重量的0.1%接入活化的酒用活化酵母菌,于26-28℃恒温发酵7-10天,酒度为6.5%,制成苹果酒,经过滤进入醋酸发酵罐;
(3)二级发酵,按苹果酒重量的10%驯化的醋酸菌,经过搅拌、淋醋通气,进行发酵,发酵过程保持温度33-36℃,通气发酵1天,酸度为5-6%,酸度稳定,贮存,陈酿7天,再用超滤装置进行过滤,制成苹果原醋;
(4)将山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物于85~90℃水中预混搅拌30min,与苹果原醋、浓缩苹果汁、浓缩山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖搅拌混合,经200目纱布过滤后,调配定容,均质脱气,再经95℃,30min杀菌后,灌装冷却制成。
山楂:性微温,味甘酸;归脾、胃、肝经,为消食积散瘀滞的传统常用药物。
泽泻:味甘,性寒;归肾,膀胱经。利小便、清湿热。
茯苓:味甘、淡,性平;归心、肺、脾经。具有渗湿利水,健脾和胃,宁心安神的功效。
葛根:味甘、辛,性凉。归脾、胃经。解肌退热、生津、透疹,升阳止泻。
苹果醋:味酸苦性温,主入肝经血分,具有收敛、解毒、散瘀止痛、矫味的作用。苹果醋是由苹果原料经酒精发酵和醋酸发酵制成的具有酯香和果香的醋。因兼有苹果和食醋中的维生素、果胶、有机酸、氨基酸等营养成分,而具有许多苹果和食醋共有的生理保健功能。其酸性成分能疏通软化血管,杀灭病菌,增强人体的免疫和抗病毒能力,改善消化系统,清洗消化道,有助排除关节、血管及内脏器官的毒素,调节内分泌,具有明显降低血脂和排毒保健功能。醋里的大量维生素抗氧化剂能促进新陈代谢,美白杀菌、淡化黑色素、迅速消除老化角质、补充肌肤养分及水分,活血化瘀、缩小粗糙毛孔,抗氧化,防止色斑、可令皮肤更加光滑细腻,发质柔顺。苹果醋还可使人体内过多的脂肪转移为体能消耗,并促进人体糖和蛋白质的代谢,故能控制和调节体重。果醋中含有十种以上的有机酸和人体所需的多种氨基酸,它们使有氧代谢顺畅,有利于清除沉积的乳酸,起到消除疲劳的作用。
苹果汁:性味甘酸而平、微咸,无毒,具有生津止渴、益脾止泻、和胃降逆的功效。具有改善身体机能;补充营养;减少心脏病和动脉硬化的几率;清洁消化道,促进食物消化。预防心脏病;降低LDL值和胆固醇含量。降低患哮喘病几率;降低吸烟者肺部疾病发病率;减轻关节炎、风湿症状;清洁肝、肾;补锌等食疗作用。
山楂汁:性微温,味甘酸;入脾、胃、肝经。为消食积散瘀滞的传统常用药物。现代科学研究,山楂含山楂酸、黄酮类、糖类、甙类、鞣质、蛋白质、钙、磷、铁及多种维生素等成分。可促进脂肪分解,帮助消化,还有抑菌、降血脂、强心等作用。
三氯蔗糖:是唯一以蔗糖为原料的功能性甜味剂,具有无能量,甜度高,甜味纯正,高度安全等特点,热量值极低(可视为0),不会引起肥胖,可供年轻爱美女性、糖尿病人,心脑血管疾病患者及老年人使用,是目前最优秀的功能性甜味剂之一。
本发明的有益效果是:为了增强复方中各味中药间的协同增效作用,增强引药入肝作用,同时缓和药性,改善中药口感苦、食用不方便性等缺点,进一步拓展药食同源材料的应用市场,增加苹果醋饮料附加值和产品多样性,本发明将具有天然保健功能的苹果醋与调理补益中药完美结合,制成此种具有辅助降血脂作用的食药保健苹果醋饮料,达到化痰降浊、活血化瘀、补益肝脾肾的目的。
本发明将具有消食化积、益气健脾、活血化瘀作用的山楂、泽泻、茯苓、葛根四种中药提取物按照科学的配量并辅以苹果原醋、苹果汁、山楂汁、蜂蜜进行合理配伍,并添加天然甜味剂三氯蔗糖进行调味,既满足了高血脂人群对美味的口感需求,又能利用中药对人体进行调理补益作用和果汁果醋的营养补充等综合作用,达到了降血脂的保健作用。
本发明苹果醋饮料为红棕色液体,集中药香与果醋香于一身,香味纯正和谐,无异味;滋味酸甜可口,醇厚协调,余味绵长;具有一定的降血糖作用,无毒副作用,符合国家食品药品监督局的对此功能保健相关规定。
本发明是中药提取物与苹果醋的完美结合,其产业化生产势必带动本地区中药种植等相关产业的发展和当地劳动力就业,实现农民收入和国家税收的相应增加;本发明是现代科学技术与传统中医文化相结合制成的,其制备方法加快了中药产业分工细化进程,节约了中药产业化成本,同时实现了中药醋炙现代化技术替代,更好地引药入肝发挥药效,解决了现阶段中药入口苦,饮用不方便,消费者接受热情低等问题,进一步拓展了药食同源材料的应用市场,促进了传统中医中药学现代化,同时增加苹果醋饮料附加值和产品多样性。
本发明认证检验结果:
①经卫生学、稳定性、功效成分检测,结果表明该保健饮料感官指标符合标准要求,卫生学指标和微生物指标符合《保健食品通用标准》 的要求,产品的标志性成分——总黄酮含量满足功能要求,且稳定性良好;
②安全性毒理学评价,是按照卫生部 《 保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003 年版)进行实验,方法及结果如下:a.用该饮料105倍人体剂量一次性经口灌胃后,无明显的中毒表现或不良反应, 2 周内无动物死亡,表明本品属无毒类。b.遗传毒性试验中, Ames 试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形实验 3 项遗传毒理性试验均为阴性结果, 表明本品无致突变作用。c.大鼠 30 d 喂养实验, 未引起大鼠整体健康状况、生理生化功能和器官组织形态学各重要指标的异常变化。
③动物功能性试验是参照中华人民共和国卫生疗卫生监督司制定的《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法-辅助降血脂检验方法》的规定,选用SD种成年雄性大鼠40只,以基础饲料喂养,观察 5d,内疵静脉丛取血,酶法测定TC、TG 和HDL-C。根据TC 水平将动物随机分为4组,即模型对照组和人体推荐摄入量的5倍、10倍、20倍三个剂量试验组。每组10 只,各组动物喂饲高脂饲料,同时三个实验组经口灌胃给予不同剂量受试样品,连续喂养 30 d。最后一次灌胃 24 h内疵静脉丛取血,酶法测定TC、 TG 和HDL -C。实验前、 后分别记录大鼠体重。结果表明:以高脂饲料喂养大鼠10d,大鼠血清TC 和TG 水平极明显升高,表明高血脂模型成功;继续喂养30d, 实验组大鼠血清HDL -C水平与对照组差异不显著;而不同剂量试验组大鼠血清TC、TG水平明显低于高血脂模型对照组( P < 0.05) ,根据评判原则,判定该苹果醋饮料对大鼠具有辅助降血脂作用。
④人体试食试验中,根据受试者纳入标准选用100例患者为受试对象,测定TC、TG和HDL-C含量水平,根据血脂水平(同时考虑年龄、性别、饮食等饮食)分为实验组和对照组,实验组服用受试样品,对照组服用安慰剂,持续5周后,测定受试对象的TC、TG和HDL-C的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,实验组血浆中TC降低11.4%、TG降低16.9%,HDL-C升高0.127mmol/L,根据判定原则,结果表明该苹果醋饮料具有辅助降血脂功能作用。
本发明是由山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物、苹果醋、苹果汁、山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖、食用香精、稳定剂、纯化水为主要原料制成的保健食品,经动物功能和人体试食试验证明,具有辅助降血脂的保健功能。适宜人群:血脂偏高者;不适宜人群:少年儿童;食用方法及食用量:口服,每日1次,每次250ml;保质期24个月;贮藏方法:避光、密封,置通风干燥处。本发明不能代替药物。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料,它是由以下原料制成:以1000 kg为总量,山楂提取物5 kg、泽泻提取物3 kg、茯苓提取物3 kg、葛根提取物5 kg,苹果原醋40 kg、浓缩苹果汁40 kg、浓缩山楂汁10 kg、蜂蜜8 kg、三氯蔗糖0.25 kg,余量为水。
所述的降血脂苹果醋保健饮料的制备方法,它的步骤如下:
(1)发酵原液制作,将苹果破碎榨汁,粗滤,进入浊汁罐,调整苹果汁的含糖量为14%,在75℃,15分钟的条件下巴氏杀菌,制成苹果汁,压力输送至酒精发酵罐;
(2)一级发酵,按苹果汁重量的0.1%接入活化的酒用活化酵母菌,于28℃恒温发酵10天,酒度为6.5%,制成苹果酒,经过滤进入醋酸发酵罐;
(3)二级发酵,按苹果酒重量的10%驯化的醋酸菌,经过搅拌、淋醋通气,进行发酵,发酵过程保持温度36℃,通气发酵1天,酸度为6%,酸度稳定,贮存,陈酿7天,再用超滤装置进行过滤,制成苹果原醋;
(4)将山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物于90℃水中预混搅拌30min,与苹果原醋、浓缩苹果汁、浓缩山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖搅拌混合,经200目纱布过滤后,调配定容,均质脱气,再经95℃,30min杀菌后,灌装冷却制成。
实施例2
一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料,它是由以下原料制成:以1000 kg为总量,山楂提取物2 kg、泽泻提取物1 kg、茯苓提取物1 kg、葛根提取物2 kg,苹果原醋15 kg、浓缩苹果汁20 kg、浓缩山楂汁4 kg、蜂蜜2 kg、三氯蔗糖0.1 kg,余量为水。
所述的降血脂苹果醋保健饮料的制备方法,它的步骤如下:
(1)发酵原液制作,将苹果破碎榨汁,粗滤,进入浊汁罐,调整苹果汁的含糖量为13~14%,在75℃,15分钟的条件下巴氏杀菌,制成苹果汁,压力输送至酒精发酵罐;
(2)一级发酵,按苹果汁重量的0.1%接入活化的酒用活化酵母菌,于26-28℃恒温发酵7天,酒度为6.5%,制成苹果酒,经过滤进入醋酸发酵罐;
(3)二级发酵,按苹果酒重量的10%驯化的醋酸菌,经过搅拌、淋醋通气,进行发酵,发酵过程保持温度33-36℃,通气发酵1天,酸度为5-6%,酸度稳定,贮存,陈酿7天,再用超滤装置进行过滤,制成苹果原醋;
(4)将山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物于85~90℃水中预混搅拌30min,与苹果原醋、浓缩苹果汁、浓缩山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖搅拌混合,经200目纱布过滤后,调配定容,均质脱气,再经95℃,30min杀菌后,灌装冷却制成。
实施例3
一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料,它是由以下原料制成:以1000 kg为总量,山楂提取物4 kg、泽泻提取物2 kg、茯苓提取物2 kg、葛根提取物4 kg,苹果原醋20 kg、浓缩苹果汁30 kg、浓缩山楂汁6 kg、蜂蜜6 kg、三氯蔗糖0.2 kg,余量为水。
所述的降血脂苹果醋保健饮料的制备方法,它的步骤如下:
(1)发酵原液制作,将苹果破碎榨汁,粗滤,进入浊汁罐,调整苹果汁的含糖量为14%,在75℃,15分钟的条件下巴氏杀菌,制成苹果汁,压力输送至酒精发酵罐;
(2)一级发酵,按苹果汁重量的0.1%接入活化的酒用活化酵母菌,于28℃恒温发酵7天,酒度为6.5%,制成苹果酒,经过滤进入醋酸发酵罐;
(3)二级发酵,按苹果酒重量的10%驯化的醋酸菌,经过搅拌、淋醋通气,进行发酵,发酵过程保持温度35℃,通气发酵1天,酸度为6%,酸度稳定,贮存,陈酿7天,再用超滤装置进行过滤,制成苹果原醋;
(4)将山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物于85~90℃水中预混搅拌30min,与苹果原醋、浓缩苹果汁、浓缩山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖搅拌混合,经200目纱布过滤后,调配定容,均质脱气,再经95℃,30min杀菌后,灌装冷却制成。
实施例4
一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料,它是由以下原料制成:以1000 kg为总量,山楂提取物3 kg、泽泻提取物2 kg、茯苓提取物2 kg、葛根提取物4 kg,苹果原醋20 kg、浓缩苹果汁30 kg、浓缩山楂汁8 kg、蜂蜜6 kg、三氯蔗糖0.15 kg,余量为水。
所述的降血脂苹果醋保健饮料的制备方法,它的步骤如下:
(1)发酵原液制作,将苹果破碎榨汁,粗滤,进入浊汁罐,调整苹果汁的含糖量为14%,在75℃,15分钟的条件下巴氏杀菌,制成苹果汁,压力输送至酒精发酵罐;
(2)一级发酵,按苹果汁重量的0.1%接入活化的酒用活化酵母菌,于28℃恒温发酵7天,酒度为6.5%,制成苹果酒,经过滤进入醋酸发酵罐;
(3)二级发酵,按苹果酒重量的10%驯化的醋酸菌,经过搅拌、淋醋通气,进行发酵,发酵过程保持温度33-36℃,通气发酵1天,酸度为5-6%,酸度稳定,贮存,陈酿7天,再用超滤装置进行过滤,制成苹果原醋;
(4)将山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物于85~90℃水中预混搅拌30min,与苹果原醋、浓缩苹果汁、浓缩山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖搅拌混合,经200目纱布过滤后,调配定容,均质脱气,再经95℃,30min杀菌后,灌装冷却制成。
实施例5
一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料,它是由以下原料制成:以1000 kg为总量,山楂提取物5 kg、泽泻提取物1 kg、茯苓提取物3 kg、葛根提取物5 kg,苹果原醋15 kg、浓缩苹果汁20 kg、浓缩山楂汁4 kg、蜂蜜2 kg、三氯蔗糖0.18 kg,余量为水。
所述的降血脂苹果醋保健饮料的制备方法,它的步骤如下:
(1)发酵原液制作,以苹果为原料,挑选出个头均匀(直径55~60cm)、表面光滑、无虫蛀无破损苹果,经果槽输送,喷淋初步清洗,再经浮洗二道清洗,破碎榨汁,粗滤,进入浊汁罐,调整苹果汁的含糖量为13%~14%,巴氏杀菌(75℃, 15min),压力输送至酒精发酵罐。
(2)一级发酵,按苹果汁的0.1%接入活化的酒用活化酵母菌,于26-28℃恒温发酵,每天取样监测分析酒精度和糖度,7天后酒化基本完成(酒度为6.5%),经过滤进入醋酸发酵罐。
(3)二级发酵,将酒度为6.5%的苹果酒液接入10%驯化的醋酸菌,经过搅拌、淋醋通气,进行发酵,每4小时取样分析酒度和酸度,发酵过程保持温度33-36℃,通气发酵1天,酸度达到5%-6%,且酸度稳定,此时醋酸发酵结束。
(4)后熟、澄清,将发酵好的苹果醋贮存,陈酿7天,再用超滤装置进行过滤,此时发酵成的苹果原醋澄清透亮、果香浓郁。
(5)将将山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物于85~90℃水中预混搅拌30min,与经二次发酵的苹果原醋、浓缩苹果汁、浓缩山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖搅拌混合,经200目纱布过滤后,调配定容,均质脱气,再经95℃,30min杀菌后,灌装冷却制成。
上述实施例中,山楂提取物(规格 3:1)、泽泻提取物(规格 7:1)、葛根提取物(规格 5:1)购自宁波立华制药有限公司;茯苓提取物(规格 10:1)购自陕西中鑫生物技术有限公司;浓缩苹果汁(规格 7:1)购自孟州淼雨果蔬业有限公司;浓缩山楂汁(规格 6:1)购自河北韩氏食品有限公司;蜂蜜购自忻州市五台山蜂业有限公司。
Claims (2)
1. 一种降血脂苹果醋保健饮料,其特征在于,它是由以下原料制成:山楂提取物2~5 ‰、泽泻提取物1~3 ‰、茯苓提取物1~3 ‰、葛根提取物2~5 ‰,苹果原醋15~40 ‰、浓缩苹果汁20~40 ‰、浓缩山楂汁4~10 ‰、蜂蜜2~8 ‰、三氯蔗糖0.1~0.25 ‰,余量为水。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的降血脂苹果醋保健饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,它的步骤如下:
(1)发酵原液制作,将苹果破碎榨汁,粗滤,进入浊汁罐,调整苹果汁的含糖量为13~14%,在75℃,15分钟的条件下巴氏杀菌,制成苹果汁,压力输送至酒精发酵罐;
(2)一级发酵,按苹果汁重量的0.1%接入活化的酒用活化酵母菌,于26-28℃恒温发酵7-10天,酒度为6.5%,制成苹果酒,经过滤进入醋酸发酵罐;
(3)二级发酵,按苹果酒重量的10%驯化的醋酸菌,经过搅拌、淋醋通气,进行发酵,发酵过程保持温度33-36℃,通气发酵1天,酸度为5-6%,酸度稳定,贮存,陈酿7天,再用超滤装置进行过滤,制成苹果原醋;
(4)将山楂提取物、泽泻提取物、茯苓提取物、葛根提取物于85~90℃水中预混搅拌30min,与苹果原醋、浓缩苹果汁、浓缩山楂汁、蜂蜜、三氯蔗糖搅拌混合,经200目纱布过滤后,调配定容,均质脱气,再经95℃,30min杀菌后,灌装冷却制成。
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